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小風英文教室

小風編輯

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助動詞

動詞片語

• 動詞前之助動詞之順序結構如下：

1. 情態助動詞

2. 完成助動詞 (have)

3. 進行助動詞 (be)

4. 被動助動詞 (be)

5. 動詞

• 趣味例句：

• The music should have been being played.

現在／過去簡單式

• I am a student.

• He was a student three years ago.

過去現在未來

簡單式過去簡單式現在簡單式未來簡單式

進行式過去進行式現在進行式未來進行式

完成式過去完成式現在完成式未來完成式

完成進行式過去完成進行式現在完成進行式未來完成進行式

情態助動詞

完成助動詞 (have)

進行助動詞 (be)

動詞

組成成分：

未來簡單式

• He will pick her up at the airport tonight.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

現在／過去進行式

• I am talking.

• I was talking when the teacher came.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

未來進行式

• She will be studying at the library tonight.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

現在／過去完成式

• I have been to Taipei.

• Sam had left when Ann came.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

未來完成式

• I will have finished my work by the

time I leave.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

現在／過去完成進行式

• I have been living here for three years.

• The criminal had been hiding there for

three years when the police caught him.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

未來完成進行式

• He will have been teaching for 35 years

when he retires next year.

過去現在未來





情態助動詞



動詞

組成成分：

未來式與現在／過去式

• 現在／過去式使用動詞形式的變化表達。

• 未來式使用額外的情態助動詞表達。

• 情態助動詞後之動詞維持原形不再做任何變化。

• 例句：

• He will pick her up at the airport tonight.

• She will be studying at the library tonight.

• I will have finished my work by the time I leave.

• He will have been teaching for 35 years when he retires next year.

情態助動詞

(MODAL AUXILIARIES)

情態助動詞 (MA) 的定位

• 任意情態助動詞皆可搭配簡單、進行、完成、完成進行式。

• 使用情態助動詞的句子不屬於單純的過去或現在式，而其意義依據情態助動詞所定。

• 例：使用 will 表示預測未來或有意願之事。

使用 be going to表示預測未來或計畫之事。

過去現在情態助動詞

簡單式 (did V) V-ed (do/does V) V MA V

進行式 (be) was/were V-ing am/are/is V-ing MA be V-ing

完成式 (have) had V-ed have/has V-ed MA have V-ed

完成進行式 had been V-ing have/has been V-ing MA have been V-ing

※此頁表格為 Aweather’s English Club 所原創，營利翻印必究。

情態助動詞分類

核心情態助動詞

(central modals)

can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must

邊際情態助動詞

(marginal modals)

dare, need, ought to, used to

成語 (idiom)

情態助動詞

had better, would rather/sooner, have got to,

be to, etc.

片語 (phrase)

類助動詞

be able to, be going to, be supposed to, have to,

be likely to, be about to, be used to, have to, etc.


• 核心情態助動詞有九個，只做助動詞而不做一般動詞。

• 現在／過去式的關係：

• 僅有 can/could, will/would 是現在／過去式的關係。

• may/might, shall/should 雖在字源上屬現在／過去式的關係，但現在在意思上已無現在／過去式的關係了。

• must 因其字源歷史，為過去式，但現在已無過去式的意思。

• could, would 除做 can, will 的過去式以外，有其他非過去式的用法。

現在式 can may shall will 無

過去式 could might should would must


• 核心情態著動詞可分為三大類

• 表示許可、可能性、能力

• can,could,may,might

• 表示義務、責任、必然性

• must, should

• 表示預測、意圖

• shall,will,would

終極無敵核心情態助動詞整理表

can could may might must should shall will would

可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O

事實相反 O O O O

建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O ※此頁表格為 Aweather’s English Club 所原創，營利翻印必究。

CAN/COULD

• can/could 是現在／過去式的關係。

• can/could 用以表達：

• 可能性

• An accident can happen anytime.

• Fifty years ago, computers could be huge.

• 能力

• She can speak English.

• She could speak English when she was young.

• Can you open the window for me?

• 許可

• People can buy guns in the US.

• Women could not vote in the past.

• Can I use your stapler?

COULD

• could 可表達與事實相反之事

• 與事實相反之事

• If I were a billionaire, I could buy an airplane.

• If it had been sunny, we could have gone hiking.

• 建議、提供可能性（與事實相反）

• You could rent a car for the trip.

• （Ｘ）You could not want to rent a car for the trip.

• You could have rented a car for the trip.

• can 的禮貌、不確定型

• An accident could happen anytime.

• Could you please close the window for me?

• Could I use your stapler?

CAN 表達知覺

• can 與感官動詞結合表達知覺。

• I can see it.

• I can smell it.

• I can hear it.

• I can feel it.

• I can taste it.

MAY

• may 用以表達：

• 可能性

• An accident may happen anytime.

• （Ｘ）May you open the window for me?

• 許可

• May I use your pen?

• You may leave whenever you want.

MIGHT

• might 可表達與事實相反之事


• If I were a billionaire, I might buy an airplane.

• If it had been sunny, we might have gone hiking.

• 禮貌、不確定的建議（與事實相反）

• You might rent a car for the trip.

• You might not rent a car for the trip.

• You might have rented a car for the trip.

• may 的禮貌、不確定型

• Might I use your stapler? （正式、少用）

• An accident might happen anytime.

• I wonder if I might use your stapler?

MUST

• must 用以表達：

• 必然性、肯定的推論

• 邏輯上

• They own a villa. They must be rich.

• 根本上

• We must breathe to survive.

• 責任、強制性

• You must read all the information provided.

• You must drive on the right side of a road in Taiwan.

• 否定時使用 must not 表示絕對不行

• You must not drive on the left side of a road in Taiwan.

NEED, HAVE (GOT) TO

• 在問句或是否定句中如要使用 must 表示根本性、需要的肯定推論的時候，須改用 need。

• Need us breathe to survive?

• You need not lie to him.

• have (got) to 用法與 must 一樣。

• 表示必然性時，比 must 更強烈。

• There has to be some answer.

• 表示責任、強制性時，較客觀。

• I have to go.

• have to 為正式用法，have got to 則為口語用法。

NEED, DARE

• need, dare 只在問句、否定、否定問句的時候做情態助動詞。

若要表達正面意思，則做普通動詞（＋不定詞）使用。

• 情態助動詞

• We needn’t/daren’t discuss.

• Need/Dare we discuss?

• Needn’t we discuss?

• Needn’t we discuss?/Dare we not discuss?

• 一般動詞

• We needed/dared to discuss.

• We don’t need/dare to discuss.

• Do we need/dare to discuss?

• Don’t we need/dare to discuss?

SHOULD

• should 用以表達：

• 不確定的推論

• They own a villa. They should be rich.

• These slides should help you learn English.

• 責任、義務性

• One should not drink and drive.

• Students should do their homework.

• 建議、強烈建議（與事實相反）

• We should book our tickets.

• You should talk to him.

OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

• ought to 與 should 同義。

• 其用法如下：

• One ought to help others.

• One oughtn’t to drink and drive.

• Q: Ought we to pick her up at the airport today?

A: Yes, we ought (to).

• had better 表達建議、比 should, ought to 更強烈，通常表達不遵從建議會有不好的後果。是為較口語的用法。

• You had better talk to the professor.

• You’d better not be late.

SHOULD

• should 用以表達（進階用法）：


• I should hate to lose this pen.

• 表示訝異

• I’m surprised that she should refuse to help others.

• Let me know if you should have any questions.

SHALL

• shall 為罕用的情態助動詞，僅用於第一人稱主詞。

• shall 除表意願的問句以外，皆可與 will 互換。

• shall 用以表達：

• 預測

• When shall we go for dinner?

• 意願

• We shall pick him up at the airport.

• Shall we pack your groceries for you?

• Shall we pick him up at the airport?

WILL/WOULD

• will/would 是現在／過去式的關係。

• will/would 表達預測：

• 預測未來、表達可能性

• He will make a call after work.

• Nobody expected the Titanic would sink.

• 預測現在

• That will be enough.

• 習慣、常態

• Water will freeze at 0 degrees Celsius.

• He will work all day and won’t complain at all.

• I would play badminton twice a week when I was in high

school.

BE GOING TO

• be going to 表達意圖、預測

• I am going to picnic tomorrow.

• I was going to do my homework when my mother came in.

WILL/WOULD

• will/would 是現在／過去式的關係。

• will/would 表達意願：

• 意圖（不使用 would）

• I will send you the link.

• 意願（would 用於禮貌問句、非過去式）

• Will you forward a message for me?

• （Ｘ）Will I use your pen?

• 堅持

• If you will keep accepting bribes, I don’t know what to say.

• He would play loud music all day even his neighbors were not

happy about it.

WOULD

• would 用以表達：


• I would hate to lose this pen.

• If I had a million dollars, I would buy an airplane.

• will 的禮貌、不確定型

• Would you please close the window for me?


WOULD, USED TO

• would 可表達一在過去重複發生的事。

• I would play badminton twice a week when I was in high

school.

• used to 表達過去的常態。

• I used to play badminton when I was in high school.

WOULD RATHER

• would rather 表達寧願的意思。

• I would rather sleep all day.

• 其後使用 than 與其他事情進行比較。「寧願…也不…」的意思。

• I would rather sleep all day than work.

禮貌問句：第一人稱主詞


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

禮貌問句：第一人稱主詞

• 非正式：

• Can I use your stapler?

• 禮貌、正式：


• Could I use your stapler (please)?

• May I use your stapler?

• May I (please) use your stapler?

• Might I use your stapler?

禮貌問句：第二人稱主詞


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

禮貌問句：第二人稱主詞

• 非正式：

• Can you pass me the salt?

• 禮貌、正式：

• Could you pass me the salt?

• Will you pass me the salt?

• Would you pass me the salt?（較常見、更為有禮貌）

禮貌問句：你會不會介意…？


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

禮貌問句：你會不會介意…？

• 請求許可：

• Would you mind if I use your stapler?

• 請別人幫忙：

• Would you mind passing me the salt?

情態助動詞表達肯定程度（肯定）


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

情態助動詞表達肯定程度（肯定）

• 100%（事實）

• He is sleeping.

• 95%（理論上）

• He must be sleeping.

• 小於 50%

• He may be sleeping.

• He might be sleeping.

• He could be sleeping.

情態助動詞表達肯定程度（否定）


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

情態助動詞表達肯定程度（否定）

• 100%（事實）

• He isn’t sleeping.

• 99%（不可能）

• He can’t be sleeping.

• He couldn’t be sleeping.（不可能）

• 95%（理論上不可能）

• He must not be sleeping.

• 小於 50%

• He may not be sleeping.

• He might not be sleeping.

給建議


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

給建議

• could, might 表示提供可能性。

• You could rent a car for the trip.

• You might rent a car for the trip.

• （Ｏ）You might not want to rent a car for the trip.

• （Ｘ）You could not want to rent a car for the trip.

• should 表示權威指導。

• You should rent a car for the trip.

提議

• 第一人稱複數為主詞可使用 let’s, let us，其附加問句為 shall we。

• Let’s go to an amusement park.

• Let’s go to an amusement park, shall we?

• 使用 why don’t 提議時除第三人稱以外皆可。

• Why don’t you come with us?

• Why don’t we leave now?

• Why don’t I call him?

情態助動詞的「過去式」

• 若情態助動詞該意思的有分現在／過去式，則使用現在／過去式。

• will/would 表達預測、習慣、意圖時。

• can/could 表示可能性、能力、許可時。

• 若是 be 或 have 開頭的助動詞，則對 be 或是 have 變化。

• I had to attend a meeting yesterday.

• I was going to do my homework when my mother came in.

• 表達過去的 must 時使用 had to

• I had to see a doctor yesterday.

情態助動詞的「過去式」

• 有些情態助動詞並無所謂的過去式，使用「完成式」表達過去事件。

• You should have talked to your teacher before the teacher

failed you.

• He may have been at school when you were looking for him

yesterday.

情態助動詞與進行式

• 現在進行式：

直接將主要動詞替換成 be + V-ing 即可。

• She may be sleeping now.

• 過去進行式：

先改成「過去式」，再將主要動詞替換成 be + V-ing 即可。

• She might have been sleeping all day when we were working

yesterday.

英文的否定

• 否定動詞時，將 not 加在第一個助動詞之後，表達「不」的意思。

• I will not sleep.

• I should not sleep.

• I do not sleep.

• I have not been sleeping.

• I am not sleeping.

• 有時亦使用否定副詞 never, rarely, seldom, hardly (ever),

scarcely (ever), barely (ever) 否定動詞。

• I never sleep.

• 否定名詞使用 no，表達「沒有」的意思。

• No buildings were taller than Taipei 101 from 2004 to 2010.

情態助動詞的否定

• 動詞片語中加的 not 有時否定情態助動詞，有時否定主要動詞，依情況而定。

NOT 否定情態助動詞


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

NOT 否定情態助動詞

• need not

• We need not discuss.

• dare not

• We dare not discuss.

NOT 否定主要動詞


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

例句

• 否定情態助動詞：

• It cannot happen.

• I cannot do it.

• You cannot go.

• You may not go.

• 否定主要動詞：

• It may not happen.

• You must not do it.

• You should not do it.

MUST 的否定


可能性 O O O O

能力 O O

許可 O O O O

推論 O O

責任 O O

預測 Δ O O

常態 O O

意願 Δ O Δ

堅持 O O


建議 O O O

禮貌型 O O O

表達訝異 O

MUST 的否定

• 否定必然性、肯定的推論

• 邏輯上的否定使用 cannot

• They own a villa. They cannot be poor.

• 根本上的否定使用 need not

• We need not discuss.

• 否定責任、強制性使用 must not 表示絕對不行

• You must not drive on the left side of a road in Taiwan.

WILL/WOULD NOT

• will/would not 由於本身意思的關係，無論否定情態助動詞或主要動詞，皆不嚴重影響意思。

• I will not go there.

• 我不會去那裡。

• 我會不去那裡。

• 以上兩者結果都是沒去。

參考資料

• Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English

rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman

• Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First

Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press

• Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the

English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited

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