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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008 AKUNTANSI UNTUK PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR

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Page 1: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

AKUNTANSI UNTUK PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR

Page 2: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Menjelaskan definisi akuntansimanajerialMenjelaskan perbedaan akuntansi keuangan dan akuntansi manajerialMenjelaskan konsep biaya (cost) Membuat laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur

Page 3: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Managerial accountingmenyediakan informasi

financial dan non-financialbagi manajer dan pihakdi dalam perusahaanuntuk pengambilan

keputusan

Financial accountingmenyediakan informasifinancial yang bersifat

umum untuk pihakdi luar perusahaan.

Managerial dan Financial Accounting

Page 4: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Planning and ControlTujuan Managerial Accounting: menyediakan informasi terkait COST untuk

Keperluan Planning dan Control

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting

1. Users and Investors, creditors and Managers, employees and decision makers other external users other internal users

2. Purpose of Making investment, credit Planning and information and other decisions control decisions

3. Flexibility Structured and often Relatively flexible of practice controlled by GAAP (no GAAP)

4. Timeliness of Often available only Available quickly without information after audit is complete need to wait for audit

5. Time dimension Historical information Many projections with some predictions and estimates

6. Focus of Emphasis on Projects, processes and information whole organization segments of an organization

7. Nature of Monetary Monetary and information information nonmonetary information

Perbedaan Managerial Accounting danFinancial Accounting

Exh. 18-2

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Behavior

Traceability

Controllability

Relevance

Function

Konsep Cost Accounting

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Cost behavior bagaimana cost akanbereaksi terhadap perubahan tingkataktivitas bisnis.

Pengelompokan berdasarkan Cost Behavior

Fixed cost tidak berubah meskipunterjadi perubahan volume aktivitas

Variable cost berubah secaraproporsional mengikuti volume aktivitas

Mixed cost merupakan kombinasi fixed dan variable cost

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Direct costsCosts dapat ditelusurke single cost object.Contoh: material danlabor cost untuk sebuahproduct.

Indirect costsCosts tidak dapatditelusur ke single cost object.contoh: maintenance cost yang dinikmatilebih dari duadepartment.

Pengelompokkan berdasarkan Cost Traceability

Page 9: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Tingkat pengendaliansuatu cost tergantung

pada level of management.

More Control

Mor

e Co

ntro

l

Very little control

Pengelompokkan berdasarkan Cost Controllability

Cost dikelompokkan: Controllable danUncontrollable

Page 10: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

SUNK COST : semua cost yang sudah terjadi dan tidak dapat dihindari. Sunk cost tidak dipertimbangkan dalam pengambilan keputusan

Pengelompokkan berdasar Cost Relevance

Cost dibedakan: SUNK COST, OUT-OF-POCKET COSTdan OPORTUNITY COST

OUT-OF-POCKET adalah cost yang mengharuskan pengeluaran kas dimasa datang. Cost ini dipertimbangkan dalam pengambilan keputusan.

OPPORTUNITY COST adalah potensi keuntungan yang hilang akibatmemilih satu dari beberapa pilihan aktivitas

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

TheProduct

Pengelompokkan Berdasarkan Fungsi

DirectLabor

DirectMaterial

Manufacturing Overhead

Dibedakan: Product Cost dan Period Cost

Product Cost: Cost terkait dengan

pembuatan produk

Page 12: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Tidak terkait dengan pembuatanproduk

Period Costs

Administrative CostsCosts untuk fungsi

administrasidi luar pabrik:

accounting, data processing,personnel, researchand development.

Selling CostsCosts untuk mendapatkan

order dari customer, pengiriman, iklan dll.

Page 13: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Period Costs(Expenses)

Product Costs(Inventory)

Inventory Not Sold in 2008

OperatingExpenses

Cost ofGoods Sold

Raw MaterialsGoods in ProcessFinished Goods

Cost ofGoods Sold

2008 CostsIncurred

2008 IncomeStatement

2009 IncomeStatement

2008 BalanceSheet Inventory

InventorySold in 2008

Period dan Product Costsdi Financial Statements Exh.

18-8

Page 14: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Cost Concepts untuk Service Companies

Cost concepts yang ada secara umum dapatdiaplikasikan juga untuk perusahaan jasa

Page 15: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

DagangMembeli barangjadi.

Menjual barangjadi.

SaleMart

ManufakturMembeli bahanbaku.

Memproduksi danmenjual barangjadi.

Aktivitas Perusahaan

Page 16: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Inventories

Neraca (Balance Sheet) Perusahaan Manufaktur

RawMaterials

FinishedGoods

Goods inProcess

Page 17: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Produk jadidan siap

dijual

Bahan bakusebelumdiproses.

Dapat berupadirect

atau indirect material.

Produk setengahjadi.

Bahan baku yangtelah ditambahkansebagian tenaga

kerja dan overhead

Inventories

RawMaterials

FinishedGoods

Goods inProcess

Page 18: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

MERCHANDISER

Current AssetsCashReceivablesMerchandise Inventory

MANUFACTURER

Current AssetsCashReceivablesInventories

Raw MaterialsGoods in ProcessFinished Goods

Hanya berbeda di “Inventory”.

Balance Sheet

Page 19: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

BeginningMerchandise

Inventory

BeginningFinished Goods

Inventory

Cost of GoodsPurchased

Cost of GoodsManufactured

EndingMerchandise

Inventory

EndingFinished Goods

Inventory

Cost of GoodsSold

Merchandiser Manufacturer

+

_

+

==

_Perbedaan

Income StatementExh. 18-11

Page 20: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Direct MaterialsBahan baku utama produk. Dapat

ditelusur langsung ke produk

Direct MaterialsBahan baku utama produk. Dapat

ditelusur langsung ke produk

Contoh:Baja di

pabrik mobil.

Contoh:Baja di

pabrik mobil.

Komponen Manufacturing Cost

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Direct LaborOngkos tenaga kerja yang membuat

produk jadi.

Direct LaborOngkos tenaga kerja yang membuat

produk jadi.

Contoh:Gaji bagian assembling

Contoh:Gaji bagian assembling

Income Statement of a Manufacturer

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Factory OverheadSemua manufacturing costs kecuali

direct material dan direct laborFactory costs yang tidak dapat secara

langsung ditelusur ke produk.

Factory OverheadSemua manufacturing costs kecuali

direct material dan direct laborFactory costs yang tidak dapat secara

langsung ditelusur ke produk.

Contoh:Indirect labor – maintenance

Indirect material – cleaning suppliesFactory utility costsSupervisory costs

Income Statement of a Manufacturer

Page 23: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

DirectMaterial

DirectLabor

ManufacturingOverhead

PrimeCost

ConversionCost

Kombinasi manufacturing cost:

Manufacturing Cost

Page 24: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Beginning Finished Goods

Cost of GoodsManufactured

Ending FinishedGoods

Beginning Raw

Materials

RawMaterials

Purchases

Ending Raw Materials

Costof

GoodsSold

BeginningGoods in Process

Direct Labor

FactoryOverhead

Raw MaterialsUsed

Sales activityProduction activityMaterialsactivity

Cost Flow

EndingGoods in Process

Exh. 18-15

Page 25: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

Direct Materials Used+ Direct Labor+ Factory Overhead= Total Manufacturing Costs+ Beginning Work in Process– Ending Work in Process= Cost of Goods Manufactured

Cost of Goods Manufactured Statement

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© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Exh. 18-16

Manufacturing StatementCONTOH

Page 27: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Exh. 18-16

Computation of Cost of Direct Material Used

Beginning raw materials inventory 8,000$ Add: Purchases of raw materials 86,500 Cost of raw materials available for use 94,500$ Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory 9,000 Cost of direct materials used in production 85,500$

Page 28: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Semua direct labor costs yang terjadi pada periode

berjalan.

Exh. 18-16

Page 29: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Manufacturing StatementExh. 18-16

Computation of Total Manufacturing Overhead

Indirect labor 9,000$ Factory supervision 6,000 Factory utilities 2,600 Property taxes, factory building 1,900 Factory supplies used 600 Factory insurance expired 1,100 Depreciation, building and equipment 5,300 Other factory overhead 3,500 Total factory overhead costs 30,000$

Page 30: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Beginning work in process diambil darisaldo akhir periode

sebelumnya

Exh. 18-16

Page 31: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIKESManufacturing Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2008

Direct materials used in production 85,500$ Direct labor 60,000 Total factory overhead costs 30,000 Total manufacturing costs for the period 175,500$ Add: Beginning goods in process inventory 2,500 Total cost of goods in process 178,000$ Deduct: Ending goods in process inventory 7,500 Cost of goods manufactured 170,500$

Ending work in process adalah cost of unfinished goods, dan disajikansebagai current assets di balance

sheet periode berjalan

Exh. 18-16

Page 32: EK4212_ch9

© Jurusan Akuntansi UK Petra - 2008

SOALData biaya pabrik sepatu “ Stone” untuk tahun 2007 adalah: direct material used $5.000, direct labor $7.000, total factory overhead $5.100, Beginning goods in process $3.000, Ending goods in process $4.000, Beginning finished goods $3.200, Ending finished goods $4.000

Data biaya pabrik sepatu “ Stone” untuk tahun 2007 adalah: direct material used $5.000, direct labor $7.000, total factory overhead $5.100, Beginning goods in process $3.000, Ending goods in process $4.000, Beginning finished goods $3.200, Ending finished goods $4.000

1. Hitung total biaya produksi (manufacturing costs) tahun 20072. Hitung Cost of goods manufactured tahun 2007.3. Hitung Cost of goods sold tahun 2007

1. Hitung total biaya produksi (manufacturing costs) tahun 20072. Hitung Cost of goods manufactured tahun 2007.3. Hitung Cost of goods sold tahun 2007

Naruto Corp. pada bulan Mei 2008 melaporkan Beginning raw material $57.000 dan Ending raw material $60.000. Bagian produksi melaporkan bahwa selamabulan Mei, penggunaan raw material (material used) adalah $118.000

Naruto Corp. pada bulan Mei 2008 melaporkan Beginning raw material $57.000 dan Ending raw material $60.000. Bagian produksi melaporkan bahwa selamabulan Mei, penggunaan raw material (material used) adalah $118.000

1. Hitung besarnya pembelian (material purchased) selama bulan Mei 2008.1. Hitung besarnya pembelian (material purchased) selama bulan Mei 2008.