マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果...

マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果

誌名誌名水産増殖 = The aquiculture

ISSNISSN 03714217

著者著者

Sultana, M.S.越塩, 俊介石川, 学横山, 佐一郎池邨, 友行

巻/号巻/号 61巻1号

掲載ページ掲載ページ p. 47-54

発行年月発行年月 2013年3月

農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センターTsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research CouncilSecretariat

Aquaculture Sci. 61 (1)， 47 -54 (2013)

Effects on Dietary Supplement of Shochu Distillery By圃 Product

(SDBP) on the Growth ofRed Sea Bream

Mosa Sanzida SULT釧 A¥Shunsuke KOSHI02，*， Manabu ISHIKAWA

2，

Saichiro YOKOYAMA2 and Tomoyuki lKEMURA

2

Abs仕'3ct:A 56 day feeding tria1 was carried out to investigate the effects on dietary supp1ement

of shochu distil1ery by-product (SDBP) substituted for reducing dietary fishmea1 (FM) on the

growth of red sea bream. Four diets were prepared， in which two diets contained 45% FM together

with 4 and 14% SDBP. Other同TOdiets were a contro1 diet containing 60% FM without SDBp， and

a non-FM diet with 16% SDBP. Fifteen fish (initia1 weight 1.5 g) were p1aced in 1001 po1yethy1ene

tank with triplicates. A1though statistica1 significance were not detected， the fish fed a diet

containing SDBP 149もshowedhigher fina1 weight， weight gain， and speci宣cgrowth rate among all

dietary groups. B100d trig1yceride 1eve1s were significant1y higher in the contro1 group than others，

and the va1ue of fish fed SDBP 4% was significant1y 10west among groups. Anti-bactericida1 activity

appeared to increase with increasing 1eve1 of SDBp， and that was significant1y higher in non-FM

group than in the con甘01one. Based on overall performances of the fish， it is demonstrated

that supp1ement of SDBP with 10w自由mea1diet cou1d be a potentia1 candidate as a functiona1

compound in aquafeeds， and he1p deve10ping the non-fishmea1 aqua feeds.

Key words: Pagrus mαrjor; Shochu distillery by-product; Oxidative stress; Anti-bactericida1 activity

Still fishmeal (FM) is one of the most impor-

tant and first choice raw materials in aquafeed

due to its high protein content， well balanced

amino acid profile， and so on. On the other

hand， due to the restricted circumstances of

FM supply， the cost of FM has been increas-

ing in recent years. Thus， it is necessary to

find alternative protein sources to make up

the shortage of FM with securing a stable

supply of aquafeeds (Hardy 2006). Although

potential dietary FM alternatives are available

in the market， none of them are perfect due

to limited amino acid balances， low protein

contents， poor palatability or accep旬bility，and

inclusion of anti-nutritional factors (Kubitza

et al. 1997; Kissil et al. 2000; Chatzifotis et

Received 17 August 2012; Accepted 5 December 2012.

al. 2008) . Furthermore， the health status of

cultured fish under the low FM or non FM

conditions are still questionable (Refsite et al.

2001; Ostaszewska et al. 2005; Uran et al. 2008;

Escaffre at al. 2007; Kader 2011). Therefore， it

will be very important to increase feed intake，

and improve health status of cultured species

when fed those diets.

Shochu is ]apanese traditional liquor made

from a variety of materials including sweet

potato， barley， rice， corn， brown suga乙etc.The

process of shochu making involves 5 produc-

tion stages， such as raw material treatment， k吋i

production， primary fermentation， secondary

fermentation and distillation. The waste prod-

uct after distillation is generally called “shochu

1 Fisheries Science on Resources and Environments， The united Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences， Kagoshima University， Korimoto 1-21-24， Kagoshima 890-0065， Japan.

2 Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition， Faculty of Fisheries， Kagoshima University， Shimoarata 4-50-20， Kagoshima 890-0056， J apan. *Corresponding author: Tel， (+81) 99-286-4182; Fax， (+81) 99-286-4184; E-mail， [email protected] (S. Koshio).

48 M. S. Sultana， S. Koshio， M. Ishikawa， S. Yokoyama and T. Ikemura

kasu or shochu disti1lery by-product". Recent increases in shochu production have resulted in an enorrnous output of disti1lery by-product thus the waste has been durnped into the ocean， causing environrnent pollution. On the other hand， due to restricted treatrnents of shochu distil1ery by-product (SDBP) by 1ρndon treaty， the effective uti1izations rnust be dernonstrated urgently. However， this SDBP contains novel growth prornoting factor such as butoxybu同

町1alcohol (BBA) ， which not only increases the growth but also helps to increase the feed intake of broi1ers (Mahfudz et a1. 1996a). It was found that the SDBP frorn sweet potato in Kagoshirna contained not only BBA， but also polyphenol， vitarnins C and E and so on (Sanzida et a1. 2011). In addition， the SDBP contains additional physiological properties due to their ferrnentation process with rice and yeast (Curnrnings et a1. 2001; Mitterdorfer et a1. 2001). So， it has been suggested that appropri-ate cornbination of different protein sources with ferrnented by-product would have several irnportant advantages on nutritional cornposi-tion and palatabi1ity of dietsσidwell et a1. 2005; Guo et a1. 2007; Kader et a1. 2012). Although several studies have already c1ari司

自edthat SDBP is a potential feed additive for land anirnals (Ohtsuka et a1. 1998; Hayashi et a1. 2009)， very lirnited study on SDBP for aquatic anirnals to c1ariかthefunctional effects of仕lOsehas yet been conducted. Since red sea brearn， Pagrus mαifor， is one of the rnost highly valued food fish in J apan and suitable as a rnodel rnarine fish， the trial was conducted to inves-tigate the functional effects of dietary supple-rnented SDBP substituted for reducing dietary FM on the grow仕1of red sea brearn.

Materials and methods

Eゅerime叫α1system

Juveni1es of red sea brearn were obtained frorn a local hatchery in Kagoshirna prefec-

ture and transported to the Karnoike Marine Production Laboratory， Faculty of Fisheries， Kagoshirna University， Japan. The feeding trial

using juveni1es (average initial body weight

of 1.5 g)was carried out in 100 1 polyethylene tanks (自lledwith 80 1 of seawater) at 15 fishes/ tank where each tank was equipped with an inlet， outlet and continuous aeration. Each treatrnent had three triplicates. A f10w rate was rnaintained at 1.5 1/ rnin throughout the experi-rnental period. All fish were fed twice dai1y up to apparent satiation. Uneaten food were collected，

dried in the oven and weighed for rneasuring feed intake. Periodic sarnpling was conducted every 2 weeks to rnonitor instantaneous growth and rnortality in tanks. The tanks were rnain-tained under a naturallight and dark regirne. Initial sarnple frorn the stock tank (20 fishes)

were taken for body chernical cornposition analysis. In order to rninirnize error in body weight data， fish were starved 24 h before final (56 days) sarnpling. Total nurnber of fish and individual body weight of fish frorn each tank were recorded. Two fish frorn each tank were randornly taken and kept at -20

o

C for body chernical cornposition analysis. Using heparin同

ized syringes， blood was collected frorn the caudal vessels of five in each replicate tank and polled. Plasrna sarnples were obtained by cen同

trifugation at 3000 x g for 15 rninutes using a high speed refrigerated rnicrocentrifuge (MX-160; Torny Tech USA Inc.， Tokyo， Japan) and kept at -80

o

C. Fish were dissected for liver and rnusc1e and weighed and stored in -80

oC

for rneasuring the hepatosornatic index and TBARS.

Test diets

Table 1 showed the cornposition of experi同

rnental diets. All the dietary cornponents were obtained cornrnercially except the shochu dis-

til1ery by-product (SDBP). SDBP was obtained frorn Nutritional Biochernistry and Feed

Chernistry Laboratory， Facul付 ofAgriculture，

Kagoshirna Universi匂T. 百lenSDBP was cen・

trifuged at 3000 rprn for 15 rninutes at 40

C and

supernatant was condensed (Sanzida et a1. 2011). Condensed liquid守peSDBP was used in

this study.

Four test diets were forrnulated， in which Diet 1 was a control diet containing 60% of fish-rneal (FM)， and Diets 2 and 3 were prepared by

Effects of SDBP on Red Sea Bream 49

supplementing 4% and 14% of SDBp， respec-

tively， while FM was reduced down to 45%. Diet

4 was prepared by replacing 100% fish meal

with SBM， Krill meal， Squid meal， SDBP and

some crude ingredients. To make isocaloric，

isolipidic， and iso・energeticdiets， wheat flour

was adjusted. Major sources of protein， lipid，

and carbohydrate are FM and soybean meal，

pollack liver oil， and wheat flour， respectively.

The diets were prepared by mixing all ingre-

dients in food processor for 30 min. Pellet size

was 1.2 mm diameter and the pellets were oven-

dried (DK 400 Yamato Scientific， Tokyo， ]apan)

for 2 h at 60o

C. The diets were stored in a cold

room during the仕ial.

Proximateαnαlysis 01 whole body Whole body in each treatment was analyzed

in triplicate for moisture， crude protein， total

lipid and ash， in triplicate， using standard AOAC

methods (AOAC 1990).

Ami汎oacidα%αlysis

Amino acid composition of the diets were

analyzed using high performance liquid chro-

matography (HPLC， Shimadzu Corp， Kyoto，

]apan) according to Teshima et al. (1986).

Table 1. Composition of experimental diets (% of dry matter basis)

Dietary groups

Ingrモdients Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 (FM base) (SDBP4%) (SDBP14%) (SDBP16%)

Brown fishmeal1 60.0 45.0 Soybean mea12 0.0 22.0 SDBp3 0.0 4.0 Krill meal1 0.0 0.0 Squidmeal1 0.0 0.0 Wheatflour 16.0 4.5 Fish oil4 5.0 6.0 Vitamin mix5 3.0 3.0 Mineral mix6 3.0 3.0 L-lysine 0.0 0.5 DL-methionine 0.0 0.5 α-cellulose 13.0 11.5

Total 100.0 100.0 1 Nippon Suisan co. Ltd.， Tokyo， Japan. 2 ]-Oil Mills， Kanagawa， J apan.

45.0 0.0 22.0 40 14.0 16 0.0 16 0.0 16 1.0 0.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.0 0.0

100.0 100.0

3 Shochu Distillery By-product (SDBP) obtained白'omFaculty of Agriculture， Kagoshima University.

4 Riken Vitamin， Tokyo， Japan. 5 According to Yokoyama et al. (2006) with slight modification. 6 According to Kader et al. (2010).

For the analysis of total amino acid， about

2 mg of dry sample was hydrolyzed with

4 N-methanesulfonic acid at 1100

C for 22 h with

internal standard (norleucine).百lehydroly-

sate was adjusted to pH 2.15 to 2.25 and diluted

to 5 ml sodium citrate， filtered (0.45μm) and

stored at 40

C .

Deteγ悦切α:tionollipid 0.χid，α:tion The measurement of TBARS in liver and

muscle was carried out using a method adapted

from Yagi (1987). The sample of 0.2 g was

mixed with 1.5 ml of 20% (w /v) trichloroace-

tic acid (TCA， pH 3.5)， 1.5 ml of 0.8% BHT in

acetic acid， 0.2 ml of 8.1 % SDS， 0.05 ml of 0.8%

BHT and 1 ml of distilled water， and added to a

15 ml test tube， and then the test tube was kept

at 50

C refrigerator for 1 h. The mixed sample in

the tube was heated on a water bath for 1 h at

100oC， added 1 ml of distilled water and 5 ml of

Iトbutanol:pyridine (15: 1) after cooling down，

and then was centrifuged at 3000 xg for 10 min

at 40

C . The supernatant was used for determina-

tion of lipid oxidation with a spectrophotometer

at 532 nm.

Blood争αγαmeteγαnd斜αsmabαcteγicidα1 act:初ity

Blood parameters are reliable indicators to

measure the physiological condition or health

condition as well as welfare of fish. To measure

the health condition of the fish， plasma glucose

(Glu) ， total cholesterol C下cho)， blood urea

nitrogen (BUN) ， total bi1irubin C下bil)，glutamyl

oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) ， glutamic pyru-

vate transaminase (GPT)， total protein σ~pro) ，

triglyceride (TG) were measured. Plasma

chemical parameters were measured spectro・

photometrically with an automated analyzer

(Spotchem ™ EZ model SP-4430， Arkray Inc.，

Kyoto， ]apan).

Escherichia coli strain IAM1239 was used

for the assay of plasma bactericidal activity.

The bacteria were incubated on Trypto-Soya

agar (Nissui Phamaceutical Co. Ltd.， Tokyo，

]apan) at 250

C for 24 h. The assay of plasma

bactericidal activity was conducted according to

Yamamoto and Iida (1995) and Hernandez et al.

(2007).


Table 2. Total amino acid contents of experimental diets (g/100 g dry sample)1

Dietary groups

Amino acids Diet1 Diet2 Diet3 Diet4 (FM base) (SDBP4%) (SDBP14%) (SDBP16%)

Indispensable Arginine 2.25 3.34 2.79 2.39 Histidine 1.23 1.17 1.44 1.02 Isoleucine 1.40 1.34 1.49 1.33 I后ucine 2.82 2.76 2.98 2.68 Lysine 3.03 3.60 3.91 3.34 Methionine 1.87 0.32 0.36 0.70 Phenylalanine 2.73 2.57 2.86 3.55 Threonine 1.41 1.42 1.75 1.44 Tryptophan ND2 ND ND ND Valine 1.85 1.72 1.93 1.69 Dispensible

Taurine 0.33 0.22 0.31 0.17

Aspartic acid 3.09 3.28 4.11 3.78 Glutamic acid 4.92 5.04 6.14 5.93 Serine 1.43 1.48 1.89 1.80 Proline 1.95 1.55 1.85 1.66 Glycine 1.90 1.81 2.35 1.75 Alanine 2.25 2.20 2.70 2.18 乃rosine 1.05 1.07 1.46 1.67

ITAA 35.51 34.89 40.33 37.09

1 Values are mean of triplicate samples. 2 N ot determined.

Plasma was diluted 4 times with a Tris buffer

(pH 7.5， containing 0.5 mmol Mg2+ and 0.15

mmol Ca2+). The diluted plasma was mixed

with a bacterial suspension (0.001 mg/ml) and

incubated at 250

C for 4 h with shaking. Viable

bacteria in the mixture were counted by the

plate counting method and their survival was

calculated.

Gγowth peγ10γ慨 αnce争αrametersmeαsured The following equations were used for the

analysis of growth performances:

Weight gain (%) = (final weight-initial weight)

x 100/initial weight， Specific growth rate (SGR %/ day) = 100 x [Ln (final weight) -Ln (initial

weight)] / duration， Survival rate (%) = 100 x

final survivor numbers/initial numbers， Feed intake (FI g/ fish/ 56 days) = (dry diet given-dry

diet uneaten) /fish numbers， Feed efficiency ratio (FER) = live weight gain (g) / dry feed

intake (g)， Protein efficiency ratio (PER) = live

weight gain (g) / dry protein intake (g)

Table 3. Growth performance and feed utilization in juvenile red sea bream fed test diets for 56 daysl

Dietary group

Parameters Diet1 Diet2 Diet3 Diet4 σM base) (SDBP4%) (SDBP14%) (SDBP16%)

Initial weight (g) 1.6:t0.1 1.5:t0.1 1.5士0.1 1.5:t0.1

Final weight (g) 23.3 :t 2.3 22.1 :t 3.7 24.6:t 1.4 22.6:t 0.9

Weight gain (%) 1391:t 66 1346土3071503土46 1367:t 73

SGR 4.82:t0.1 4.74:t0.4 4.95:t0.1 4.80土0.1

F(gI /i1sh/56days) 19.1±4.019.1±0.821.4±2319.6±0.5

FER 0.96土0.1 0.84:t 0.1 0.97:t 0.0 0.90:t 0.1

PER 2.39士0.1 2.03士0.3 2.16土0.1 2.09:t 0.2

Survival (%) 82:t 3.9 84:t 3.9 82:t 14 89:t7.7

1 Values are means of triplicate groups:t SD.

Stα:tisticαlα%α:lysis

Statistical analysis was performed by one-

way ANOVA (Package Super-ANOVA， ver， 1.11， Abacus Concepts， BerkeleぁCA，USA) to identiかthesignificant differences among treat-

ments (P<0.05).

Results

Test Diets

Diets contained 40-44% crude protein， total

lipid 10-11% and ash 10-12%. However， total indispensable amino acids (IAAs) and dispens-

able amino acids were found higher in SDBP

group than fish meal based control group

(Table 2).

Su仰 ivαlαηdgγowthpeγ10γmance Survival and growth performance data were

shown in Table 3.

After 56 days， survival (%) of宜shdid not

differ significantly (P> 0.05) among the treat-

ments. The survival was more than 80% in

all groups. Final weight， weight gain (%) and

SGRof宣shwere higher in 14% SDBP than fish

meal based control group. Even non-FM group

showed a tendency similar to that of the fish

meal based control group. Although feed intake was higher in 14% SDBP group than in any

o吐lergroup， FER， FCR and PER were not sig-

nificantly affected by SD BP.


Table 4. Whole body proximate analysis (%) ofjuvenile red sea bream fed test diets for 56 daysl

Initial Dietary group

Compositions Diet 1 (FM base) Diet 2 (SDBP4%) Diet 3 (SDBP14%) Diet 4 (SDBP16%)

71.9:t 1.3 Moisture 72.6:t 0.0 72.1:t 0.56 71.9:t 1.0 72.7:t 0.84

Crude protein 16.4:t 0.05 14.9:t 1.18 15.8:t 0.66 16.2土 0.53 15.9:t 0.25

Crude lipid 4.47:t 0.02 6.07:t 0.88 5.76:t 0.22 5.42土 0.62 6.68:t 0.20

Crude ash 4.80:t 0.00 4.66:t 0.48 4.95:t 0.44 5.15土 0.05 4.33:t 0.05

1 Values are means:t SD of甘iplicategroups， and expressed as wet weight basis.

"Whole body抑o叫悦α:tecom争osition

Table 4 represents the whole body proximate

analysis of fish. In comparison to the control

group， other dietary groups had no significant

differences in the whole body moisture， crude

protein， totallipid and ash contents at the end

of the feeding trial. However， crude protein

and crude ash content showed the increasing

tendency in SDBP groups than in the fish meal

based control group.

Blood chemical仰γα悦 eteγ'S， plas:悦 αbαctericidαl

acti匂it，払 and thiobαγ'bituγ'Zcαcidγeαctive sub-

stαnces

B100d chemical parameteれ plasmabacteri-

cidal activity， muscle and liver thiobarbituric

acid reactive substances in red sea bream are

presented in Table 5.下cho，GOT and GPT

showed decreasing tendency in SDBP fed

groups than in the fishmeal based control

group. However， TG was significant1y (Pく0.05)

decreased in SDBP fed groups than in the

control group. Plasma bactericidal activity

(quantified as bacterial count in plasma and E.

coli mixture) tended to change simi1ar1y to the

blood chemical parameters. Muscle and liver

TBARS were not significantly different between

SDBP groups and the control group. However，

liver TBARS showed more decreasing tendency

than fish meal based control group.

Discussion

A1though there was no statistical significance，

SDBP fed groups showed increasing tendency

of growth parameters with increased dietary

SDBP levels. Even in non-FM group， the simi-

lar body weight gain to those of FM fed group

was found. That result agreed with the previous

Table 5. Blood parameters， bactericidal 配 tivity，and 仕liobarbituric acid reactive substances ロ'BARS) of juvenile red sea bream fed test diets for 56 daysl

Dietgroups

Parameters2

Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4

Glu (mg/d[)

T-cho (mg/ d[)

BUN (mg/d[)

T-Bil (mg/ d[)

GOT (IU/[)

GPT (IU/[)

T-Pro (g/ d[)

TG (mg/d[)

BC (x 107 CFU)

(FM base) (SDBP4%) (SDBPI4%) (SDBPI6%)

57.3:t 7.0

231士14

7.67:t 4.6

0.23:t 0.1

95:t 2.8

13:t 3.6

4.1:t 0.7

238:t 28c

17.8土1.8b

60.3:t 2.5 57.7:t 0.6 63.7:t 4.6

178:t 20 211 :t 12 195:t 17

5.00:t 0.0 6.67:t 1.5 5.00:t 0.0

0.67土0.5 0.33 :t 0.2 0.23:t 0.1

91士5.7 70土31 44:t 5.7

21:t 14 11:t 1.4 11:t 0.6

3.97 :t 0.4 4.03士0.3 4.00:t 0.5

126:t 15ab 165:t 0.7b 164:t 12b

17.8:t 2.2b 16.6:t 5.8ab 11.7士0.4a

Muscle TBARS 9.8:t 1.8 10.3:t 0.5 8.92士0.0 7.89:t 1.1

(nmolMDA/ω LiverTBARS

24.4:t 11.1 17.3:t 1.6 16.6:t 1.4 22.4:t 4.0 (nmolMDA/。

lValues ar官 means:tSD of triplicate groups. The values with same le仕ersare not significantly different (P>O.05). Absence of le抗.ersindicates no significant difference among仕le廿eat立lents.

2 Glu， glucose; T-cho， to句1cholesterol; BUN， blood urea nitrogen; T-Bil，ω同1bi1irubin; GOT， glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT， glutamic pyruvate transaminase;下pro，total protein; TG，

triglyceride; BC， bacteria coun七s.

studies on SDBP for broi1er chickens (Mahfudz

et al. 1996a， 1996b， 1997; Sanzida et al. 2011).

A1though there are very limited studies about

effect of SDBP on aquatic animals， Moe Thu et

al. (2009) found that 10% inclusion of powdered

SDBP was acceptable by puffer fish， rnαkifugu rubripes.

Guo et al. (2007)， Mi11amena (2002)， and

Watanabe and Pongmaneerat (1991) reported

the possibi1ity of replacing 80-90% of F M by

combining different dietary protein sources

for cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioi，佑's)，grou-

per (Epine戸heluscoioides) and rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus mykiss). It has been reported

that 80% or more of FM can be replaced with


a mixture of seafood by-products and soybean meal in the diets of juveni1e red sea bream (Kader et al. 2010， 2011).

Blood parameters obtained in the pres-ent experiment were considered to be within the normal range for juveni1e red sea bream (Takagi et al. 2001; Uyan et al. 2007; Kader et al. 2010). Interestingly， blood triglyceridesσG) significantly decreased with feeding SDBP diets， even in non-FM diet group. From the report of Kader et al. (2011) triglyceride was not significant1y different in the fishmeal group than the low fish meal group. But in this study triglyceride significant1y decreased in SDBP groups than control. So， this result suggested that this might be the effectiveness of SD BP. Plasma GOT and GPT showed decreasing teルdency with increasing dietary SD BP. These parameters are usually used to evaluate the liver function. The rise in plasma GOT and GPT is attributed to damage in structural integrity of the liver because these enzymes are normally located in the cytoplasm and release into the circulation after cellular damage (Vermeulen et al. 1992). In this research， GOT and GPT level of all treatment were probably within normal range. However， the decreases in GOT and GPT suggested that SDBP would have a function to protect the liver from cellular damage when fish were fed low fish meal diets. This function can be very beneficial for the development of白nc-tional aquafeeds.

Bactericidal activity was improved by feeding diets containing dietary SDBP. Particular1y， the highest activi句Twas found in fish fed non-FM diet with highest content (16%) of SDBP. Since it was found that SDBP contained functional compounds， which would reduce the produc-tion of free radicals and cortisol (Sanzida et al. 2011)， this presumably caused an improve-ment in the bactericidal activity in SDBP groups. Furthermore， fermentation is one of reasons for improving the immune responses. Song et al. (2010) reported that fermented soybean meal could improve immunity on weaned pig. Therefore， enhanced health param-eters of juveni1e red sea bream in the pres-ent study might be partly associated with the

fermentation process in SDBP. Further studies should be done to clariかthemechanisms in this process.

Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measu子

ing muscle and liver TBARS. Since malondial開

dehyde is a product of oxidative degradation of PUFA， it can be used as an index of oxidative stress. A1though there was no statistical sig-nificant， TBARS levels decreased by feeding diets containing SD BP. It has been reported that SDBP used in the present study contained high amounts of polyphenol and α司tocopherol(Sanzida et al. 2011). Vitamin E orα-tocopherol significant1y ameliorated the plasma TBARS level (Ohtsuka et al. 1998; Taniguchi et a1. 1999) and muscle TBARS levels (Sanzida et al. 2011) in broi1er. Oxidative stress could be suppressed by feeding the diets containing SDBP. Therefore， it is evident from the present

study that SDBp' which is a fermented alcohol by-product， is an effective alternative feed addi-tive in aquafeeds. Fermentation is a technique commonly used in the food industry， which may decrease or eliminate anti-nutritional constitu-ents (Reddy and Pierson 1994) and increase the bio同avai1abi1ityof nutrients as well as overall nutritional qua1ity (Canella et al. 1984). However， they also pointed out that high per-

centage of FM replacement led to low growth and poor health condition. Therefore， the pres-ent study provides more information on a new formulation for developing non-FM diets for this species.

Dietary supplementation of SDBP with low or non-FM diet improved the health and immuno-logical conditions of fish in由isstudy. In this study， the fish fed non-FM diet with

SDBP showed simi1ar growth with that fed the fishmeal diet. It suggested that SDBP could be improved the nutritional value of less nutritive ingredients such as plant proteins. And it also suggested that SDBP could be the functional additives in aqua feeds to produce healthy and high quality cultured fish.

The present study demonstrated that it was possible to develop low or non-FM diet by applying SD BP without any adverse effects on growth， feed uti1ization， body composition，


health， and immune response of juveni1e red

sea bream. Since this is a new finding in the

case of fish， further analysis is needed to clari布

the mechanism.

Acknowledgements

τbe first author is grateful for the Ministry

of Education， Culture， Sports， Science and

Technology (MONBUKAGAI仁USHO)， ]apan

for the scholarship. The research was partially

funded by the Management Expenses Grants

of the United Graduate School of Agricultural

Sciences， Kagoshima University provided to

SK， MI， and SY.

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マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果

Mosa Sanzida SULTANA .越塩俊介・石川学・横山佐一郎・池郁友行

魚、粉低減飼料に対する焼酎粕 (SDBP)の添加効果を明らかにするために，魚、粉の一部を大豆粕に

置き換え， SDBPを4%と14%それぞれ添加した飼料と大豆粕，オキアミ粉末及びイカ粉末をタンパク

源とし， SDBPを16%添加した無魚粉飼料を用いて，魚、粉単独飼料との比較を行った。平均体重1.5g

のマダイ稚魚、を用いて， 56日間の飼育実験を実施した結果，いずれの試験区も魚粉単独飼料と同等の

成長を示し， SDBP14%区は統計的有意差はなかったもののもっとも良い結果を示した。魚体一般組

成には違いがみられなかったが，肝臓のチオパルピツール酸反応物量は SDBP添加区で低い値を示

し， SDBPが体内の酸化ストレスを低減することが示唆された。また，血中トリグリセリド量は，魚

粉単独区に比べ低い値を示した。血清抗菌活性は SDBP添加量が増加するにつれて上昇することが

明らかにされた。以上の結果から魚粉代替物を使用した際に生じる酸化ストレスや免疫応答の低下

乞飼料に SDBPを添加することよって改善できる可能性が示唆された。

マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果マダイの成長に及ぼす焼酎粕の添加効果...

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