fis_ling_flood

8/14/2019 Fis_Ling_Flood

1/10

2007 ls/banir 1

FloodFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fisika lingkungan

Leo Sutrisno2007


2/10

2007 ls/banir 2

Overview

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land,a deluge.[1] In the sense of "flowing water", the word is applied tothe inflow of the tide, as opposed to the outflow or "ebb".

It is usually due to the volume of water within a body of water, suchas a river or lake, exceeding the total capacity of the body, and as aresult some of the water flows or sits outside of the normalperimeter of the body. It can also occur in rivers, when the strengthof the river is so high it flows right out of the river channel , usually atcorners or meanders. These of course, are not applicable in suchinstances as sea flooding.

The word comes from the Old Englishflod, a word common toTeutonic languages, compare German Flut, Dutch vloedfrom the

same root as is seen in flow, float. The term "The Flood" usually refers to the great Universal Deluge

described in Genesis and is treated at Deluge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deluge_%28mythology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deluge_%28mythology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood


3/10


4/10

2007 ls/banir 4

Flood defences, planning, and management

In western countries, rivers prone to floods are often carefully managed. Defencessuch as levees, bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent rivers from burstingtheir banks. Coastal flooding has been addressed in Europe with coastaldefences,such as sea walls and beach nourishment.

London is protected from flooding by a huge mechanical barrier across theRiver Thames, which is raised when the water level reaches a certain point (seeThames Barrier).

Venice has a similar arrangement, although it is already unable tocope with very high tides. The defenses of both London and Venicewill be rendered inadequate if sea levels continue to rise.

The largest and most elaborate flood defenses can be found in theNetherlands, where they are referred to as Delta Works with theOosterschelde dam as its crowning achievement. These works were

built in response to the North Sea flood of 1953 of the southwesternpart of the Netherlands. The Dutch had already built one of theworld's largest dams in the north of the country: the Afsluitdijk(closing occurred in 1932).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_%28water%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_defencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_defencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_nourishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afsluitdijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosterscheldehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_nourishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_defencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_defencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_%28water%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee


5/10

2007 ls/banir 5

Currently theSaint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex is tobe finished by 2008, in Russia, to protectSaint Petersburg from storm surges. It also has a maintraffic function, as it completes a ring road around St

Petersburg. Eleven dams extend for 25.4 kilometres andstand eight metres above water level.

The New Orleans Metropolitan Area, 35% of which sitsbelow sea level, is protected by hundreds of miles oflevees and flood gates. This system failed

catastrophically during Hurricane Katrina in the CityProper and in eastern sections of the Metro Area,resulting in the inundation of approximately 50% of theMetropolitan area, ranging from a few inches to twentyfeet in coastal communities.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans_Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans_Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Dam


6/10

2007 ls/banir 6

In an act of successful flood prevention, the FederalGovernment of the United States offered to buy outflood-prone properties in the United States in order toprevent repeated disasters after the 1993 flood across

the Midwest. Several communities accepted and thegovernment, in partnership with the state, bought 25,000properties which they converted into wetlands. Thesewetlands act as a sponge in storms and in 1995, whenthe floods returned, the government didn't have to spend

a dime in those areas.[3] In China, flood diversion areas are rural areas that are

deliberately flooded in emergencies in order to protectcities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood


7/10

2007 ls/banir 7

Benefits of flooding

There are many disruptive effects of flooding onhuman settlements and economic activities.However, flooding can bring benefits, such asmaking soil more fertile and providing nutrientsin which it is deficient. Periodic flooding wasessential to the well-being of ancientcommunities along the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers,the Nile River, the Indus River, the Ganges andthe Yellow River, among others.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigris-Euphrateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigris-Euphrates


8/10

2007 ls/banir 8

Banjir di Kampung Melayu,

Jakarta 2007
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Banjirkampungmelayu2007.jpghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Banjirkampungmelayu2007.jpghttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007


9/10


10/10

2007 ls/banir 10

Banjir besar pada masa prasejarah

Pada masa prasejarah, beberapa banjir besar diperkirakanpernah terjadi berdasarkan bukti-bukti yang ditemukan,termasuk:

Pembanjiran LautMediterania (Laut Tengah) sekitar 6 jutatahun lalu. Sebelumnya ia merupakan sebuah padang pasirsetelah pergerakan kontinental telah menutup SelatGibraltar(antara 8 atau 5.5 juta tahun lalu).

Penbanjiran LautHitam yang disebabkan meningkatnyaketinggian Laut Mediterania seiring berakhirnya zamanesterkhir (sekitar5600 SM).

Seiring berakhirnya zaman es di AmerikaUtara, sebuah banjirbesar terjadi karena pecahnya bendungan es yang menahan

DanauAgassiz. BanjirMissoula di Washington, juga karena pecahnya

bendungan es.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediteraniahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediteraniahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Gibraltarhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Gibraltarhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_eshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_eshttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5600_SM&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Utarahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Utarahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danau_Agassiz&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danau_Agassiz&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Missoulahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Missoulahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Missoulahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_Missoulahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danau_Agassiz&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danau_Agassiz&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Utarahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Utarahttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=5600_SM&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_eshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_eshttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Hitamhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Gibraltarhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Gibraltarhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediteraniahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Mediterania

fis_ling_flood

Documents