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  • 7/27/2019 geography OCN.pptx

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    Abigail Green

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    Wales Boundaries and towns.

    Gwent

    There are 22 different regions

    within wales.

    Cardiff is the

    capital of

    Wales.

    Our local area is

    Caerphilly.

    Newport is a

    main town.

    Aberystwyth

    Swansea

    Bangorr

    palgrave-journals.com

    www.smithchat.com

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    Physical features of wales

    Main rivers ofwales.

    Main mountain

    ranges of Wales.

    freeworldmaps.net

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    Valleys of Wales

    thevalleys.org.uk

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    National parks of wales.

    Main National parks

    12 altogether.

    walesdirectory.co.uk

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    Places of Wales.

    Large welsh city Small Welsh town

    Name: Cardiff Caerphilly

    Population statistics 346,100 30,388

    Main employers Finance, legal, media,

    retail.

    Retail, industrial,

    Places of interest Cardiff castle, Bute park, Caerphilly castle, Caerphilly

    events field, TommyCoopers statue

    Visitor attractions Cardiff castle, st.Davids

    centre, Bute Gardens,

    Royal college of music

    The big cheese, Caerphilly

    Castle, musical events.

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    Transport and employment in Welsh

    Geography.The main settlements of Wales lie on the coasts of North and south Wales, with mid-

    Wales is lightly populated. Originally in the 19th century, the majority of trains in Wales

    were built to transport coal and iron from South Wales, and slate from the North, but

    later in the century tourism became a priority, linking different coastal resorts such a

    Barry. A fair few viaducts were also built, combatting the many Welsh deep valleys, to

    transport industrial goods via river, for example our local one being in Maesycwmmer,built in 1853-4. This building of viaducts allowed for much employment to the builders

    trade, and the tourism greatly increased employment in many faculties.

    Ports and shipping are also a big business created from the geography of Wales as

    around half of Wales has access to a coastline and sea such as Cardiff, Newport and

    Swansea.

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    Key Welsh history event

    A key impact in welsh history would be that of the miners strike in1926. It was caused by many factors, including that of the globaleconomic slump at the time, the sour relations with the coal mineowners and out-dated machinery which couldnt compete withother countries more efficient new machinery. The coal owners

    were threatening to lower the wages to a mere pittance for theworkers, and so the miners decided to counter this with a strikeinvolving the whole of the TUC and staple industries, including raillines and Dockers, to create a General Strike. They had attempted astrike the year before in 1925, but came to a compromise with thegovernment over subsidise of wages, giving the government time to

    plan for the next strike which was imminent. They Gathered a forceof volunteer middle-class people to operate industries and delivergoods in place of the striking industries, and after nine days of nopay, the general strikers had no choice but to stop the strike.However, the coal miners continued, though their efforts werefruitless as after a few months they were forced to stop through

    lack of money and resources for their families.

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    Significant Welsh Person.

    Aneurin Bevan is very significant in Welsh

    history as he brought about the creation of

    the NHS trust. He championed the rights for

    the working class and social justice until his

    death in 1960. He was a member of

    Parliament representing Ebbw Vale for 31

    years as deputy leader of the Labour party,and during this time brought about the NHS

    trust. The NHS trust was born in 1948 when

    health secretary at the time, Aneurin Bevan,

    opened Park Hospital in Manchester as a

    begging aim to supply healthcare for all. For

    the first time, hospitals, doctors, nurses,

    pharmacists, opticians and dentists were

    brought together under one umbrella

    organisation to provide services that are free

    for all at the point of delivery which still

    endures today.

    www.nhs.co.uk

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    Population change in wales

    Wales has had many different races descend upon its land over history. Inancient history, we were settled upon by the Celts, Invaded by the Romansand Normans, and dominated by the English, causing many fluctuations inpopulation through immigration and migration.

    Following the industrial revolution in Britain of the 18th century,especially Wales, mass numbers of differing nationalities in-migrated to

    Wales, especially in the South, while Welsh people out-migrated to differentcountries in prospect of better lives. The rural population of Wales - Dyfed,Gwynedd and Powys - in 1891 was about 616,000 people. By 1911, just over649,000 people lived and worked in these areas and the population wasincreasing at four to five times the UK average due to people returning tothe land. In 1901, Wales had its highest point of immigration in Gwent and

    Glamorgan with 10x the national average. While the rural populationcontinues to grow slowly today, the most change has been seen in the citiesand towns over the past 150 years through rural dwellers moving into thesemore urbanised areas due to lack of work in the rural areas.

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    Industrial change in Wales

    Positive impacts of industrial change:

    Allowed people to work in new industry instead of traditional agriculture.

    By the late 18th century there were 19 metalworks at Holywell and 14 potteries at Buckley;Holywell and Mold had cotton mills.

    Bersham, where the Wilkinson family were pioneers in the use of coke rather than charcoalin the smelting of iron, was one of Europe's leading ironworks.

    People earn more money through industry with higher employment rates.

    New efficient inventions.

    Negative impacts of industrial change:-

    Due to the need for large labour forces in concentrated areas, living conditions quicklydeclined due to mass populations in small areas and housing.

    Many people died who worked in factories due to the dangerous machinery.

    Weaker, more sickly work force due to dangerous working and living conditions. Increased migrant population so reduced and rationed resources.

    Over use of un-renewable resources

    Mass pollution of atmosphere and areas.

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    National Welsh Assembly

    The Assembly was created by the Government of Wales act 1998, which

    followed a referendum in 1997. Before the Assembly, there was a council for

    Wales and Monmouthshire who informed the government on the impact of

    their policies on the Welsh population. Many new Welsh secretaries of state

    and Welsh boards were set up between 1949 and 1997, when after this it

    was argued in the general election that a Welsh assembly would be more

    democratically accountable than a the welsh office. A second referendum

    was held on 18 September 1997 in which voters approved the creation of

    the National Assembly for Wales by a majority of 6,712 votes, or 50.3% of

    the vote.

    The following year the Government of Wales act was passed by Parliament,

    establishing the Assembly.

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    Political landscape of Wales.In 2010, Labour have 26 seats - down

    four on 2005 with the Liberal

    Democrats down one seat to three.

    Plaid Cymru failed to make any gains

    remaining on three seats while the

    Conservatives increased their number

    of Welsh MPs by five to eight. Labourregained Blaenau Gwent from the

    People's Choice party - leaving no

    independent or smaller parties with

    seats in Wales.

    In our local area of Caerphilly, themember of Parliament is Wayne David

    (Labour).

    www.wikipedia.com

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    EisteddfodThe word is formed from two Welsh

    morphemes: eistedd, meaning "sit",and bod, meaning "be".

    The tradition of the Eisteddfod, ormeeting of artists dates back to atleast the 12th century, where in 1176Rhys Ap Gruffydd held the festival of

    music, poetry and art at his Court inCardigan. However, this died out untilit was revived in the 18th century. Itpromotes welsh culture throughshowing off ranges of youth and adulttalent of welsh music, dance, the arts

    and poetry all in the Welsh language.It is a competitive event where prizesare awarded to the 3rd, 2nd and 1st

    winners.

    www.twitter.com

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    A Welsh Symbol

    The red dragon, as pictured on theWelsh national flag stands for themyth dating from Merlins mythicalperiod of his vision of a red andwhite dragon fighting, ending in

    the red dragon being victorious. Itis seen to represent all thingswelsh. The oldest recorded use ofthe dragon to symbolise Wales isfrom the Historia Brittonium,

    written around 820AD, but it ispopularly supposed to have beenthe battle standard of KingArthur and otherancient Celtic leaders.

    www.kiethblaney.com

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    Welsh sport, literature and music.A very traditional sport related to wales would be

    Rugby. By some it was believed to have beencreated by one William Webb Ellis who whileplaying football, completely disregarded the rulesby picking up the ball and running with it.However, there were games similar to rugbyplayed in the middle ages between towns using a

    pigs bladder, and in much more violent terms.Other sports related with Wales could be Cnapan,a medieval football and Bando which is atraditional version of hockey. In music, wales isvery prominent, known as the land of song, andthe most commonly related thing with Wales arethe male voice choirs. Celtic folk music is also

    tradition and a prominent part of brass bands.Famous literature links in Wales are certain poetssuch as the very famous Dylan Thomas, and alsomythical tales of King Arthur in the Mabinogion.Wales also has the prominent Hay-on-Wyeliterature festival.

    www.nsrlive.co.uk

    www.therugbyforum.com

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    Mabinogion

    The Mabinogion consists of 11 collated

    stories from medieval Welsh

    scriptures, including 4 sections or

    branches. The stories are an

    amalgamation of pre-Christian Celtic

    mythology, international folktalemotifs, and early medieval historical

    traditions. They are seen to have dated

    back to around 1100, but they still

    havent been completely proven to

    have been written this far back in time.

    They were also firstly translated toEnglish in the mid 19th century by Lady

    Charlotte Guest.

    www.faculty.arts.ubc.ca

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    History of the welsh language.

    It is believed that the Welsh language goes back to around 500AD, during the Bronze

    age. The Welsh language ages are split into around 5 categories, primitive, old, middle,

    early modern and late modern Welsh. The most famous translation of the Bible into

    Welsh occurred in 1588 by A William Morgan.

    During the Tudor period, the Welsh language was all but stamped out , and by 1536

    Wales was legally incorporated into England, and English was its sole official language.

    The industrial revolution also brought about much racism towards the Welsh language

    due to the riots and uprisings from miners about mine owners and other industries.

    This lead to Parliament reacting to the Welsh language as being evil and de-

    moralising, so went about setting up many English only speaking schools, and

    punishing any children who spoke Welsh through different physical or humiliatingmeans.

    Concern for the Welsh language during the 1900s led to the Welsh language act in

    1967, allowing Welsh to be used in official government business, ad in 1993, another

    act was passed putting Welsh language on equal footing as English in the Public sector.

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    Promotion of the Welsh language.

    In transport, the Welsh language is promoted

    through putting the Welsh translation of place

    names and directions on signs. There are over

    500 language learning schemes, and in

    November 2008, over 100 businesses produced a

    policy, and 150 companies signed up to the

    Board's "Investing in Welsh' scheme", indicating

    support for the language.

    The Welsh language, set up by the government

    in conjunction with the Welsh language act 1993,

    received an annual 13 million to spend on

    reviving the language and helped pass some ofthe above policies. The language is also

    promoted in Welsh speaking only events such as

    the annual Eisteddfod.

    www.listverse.com