GLOSSARY

MONINA D. PELINA

Adamantinoma: ameloblastoma; adamantoblastoma; multilocular cyst of jaw; epithelial odontome

Additional care requirement: pyschology, recreation, sexual therapy, special care for the terminally ill

Adenocystic carcinoma: cylindroma Adenolymphoma: papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum; on­

cocytoma; Warthin's tumor; branchioma; orbital inclusion cyst; branchiogenic adenoma

Adjuvant cancer treatment: supplemental therapies to main cancer therapies such as surgery, chemo- or radiotherapy, important for the stimulation of body strength

Adrenocorticotropic hormone* (M): present in abnormal amounts in patients with all types of lung cancer

Adverse effects of treatment: cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, go­nadal dysfunction, loss of hair, nausea and vomiting, oral com­plications

African lymphoma: Burkitt's tumor Ameloblastic fibroma: soft odontome Anaplasia: reversion of cells to an embryonic, immature, or undif­

ferentiated state; degree usually corresponds to malignancy of tumor

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: lymph nodal hamartoma; follicular lympho-reticuloma; angiomatous lymphoid hamar­toma; benign giant lymphoma

Angiogenesis factors: factors (compounds) promoting the develop­ment of blood vessels; in oncology, produced by growing neo­plasms

Angioreticuloma: hemangioblastoma; hemangioendothelioma (Cushing and Bailey)

Angiosarcomas: angioendotheliomas, angioblastic sarcomas Antigens: substances which elicit a cellular or humoral immune

response Anthropology: study of the interrelationships of biological, cul­

tural, geographical, and historical aspects of human populations. Anthropology is a basic science to oncologic epidemiology.

Antioncogene therapy: therapy directed at the genes which induce cancer growth

Bacteriology: study and science of bacteria; a specialized branch of microbiology. The best known plant tumor, crown gall disease is produced by Bacterium lumefaciens.

Basal-cell carcinoma: rodent ulcer; Jacob's ulcer; Basalzellenkrebs of Krompecher

B-cells: lymphocytes produced by the bone marrow Benign chondroblastoma: cartilage-containing giant-cell tumor;

calcifying giant-cell tumor; epiphyseal chondromatous giant-cell tumor

Benign cutaneous melanoma: pigmented nevus Benign giant-cell synovioma: myeloid tumor; xanthoma; vil­

lonodular synovitis; tumeur a myeloplaxes Benign nodular hyperplasia: benign prostatic hypertrophy; chronic

lobular prostatitis Benign osteoblastoma: giant osteoid osteoma; osteogenic fibroma Biologicals and biological response modifiers: molecules that alter

201

biological responses the host-molecule's tumor interaction; im­portant in immunotherapy

Biophysics: hybrid science involving the methods and ideas of physics and chemistry to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes.

Bone marrow transplantation: removal of bone marrow portions of patients which are later reintroduced into the body after destruc­tion of the patient's bone marrow, i.e. treatment for leukemia.

Botany: basics of botany are important for the evaluation of plant tumors in comparison to animal and human tumors

Breast cyst fluid protein: glycoprotein first isolated from breast cysts; useful for detecting recurrent and metastatic neoplasms

Bronchiolar carcinoma: alveolar-cell carcinoma, alveolar-cell tumor; pulmonary adenomatosis; bronchio-alveolar carcinoma

Bronchoscopy: visual investigation of the bronchi with a bron­choscope

Calcifying epithelial ondontogenic tumor: adenoid adamantoblas­toma (Thoma and Goldman)

Calcitonin* (M): hypocalcemic factor synthesized by the thyroid C cells and is elevated in association with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Capillary hemangioblastoma: von Hippel's disease, von Hippel­Lindau disease

Carcinoembryonic antigen* (M): glycoprotein specific for adeno­carcinomas of the digestive tract but also present in the endoder­mal tissues during the first two trimesters of embryonic and fetal development

Carcinoerythemia: (carcinoma cell leukemia) floating distribution of cancer cells in the circulatory system of terminal cancer pa­tients

Carcinogen: any agent that incites development of a carcinoma or any other type of malignancy

Carcinoma: malignant neoplasm arising from epithelial tissue Carcinoma in situ: a true malignant tumor of squamous or glan­

dular epithelium in which no invasion of underlying or adjacent structures has occurred

Carcinoma of the kidney: hypernephroma; Grawitz tumor; malig­nant nephroma

Carcinoid (argentaffinoma): potentially malignant tumor of the argentaffin cells of the stomach and intestine

Carcinoid syndrome: a complex of symptoms arising from the metastasis of a carcinoid tumor to the liver

Carcinoid tumors (gastrointestinal tract): enterochromaffinoma, argentaffinoma; karcinoid tumor (Obendorfer)

Carotid body tumor: juxta-carotid chemodectoma; nonchromaffin paraganglioma; potato tumor

Cavernous angioma: cavernoma Celioscopy: visual examination of the peritoneum with an en­

doscope; also known as peritoneoscopy Chemotherapy: (see respective chapters on treatment) treatment of

neoplasms, especially secondary tumors with cytostatica Cholangiohepatocarcinoma: hepatobiliary cancer "Chondroma" or Chondromatous hamartoma: chondroadenoma

202 Glossary

Choriocarcinoma: chorioepithelioma Chorioepithelioma or choriocarcinoma: choriopapillary trophocar­

cinoma (Friedman and Di Rienzo); the only carcinoma without stroma

Chromosome rearrangements: changes occurring in the sequence of the chromosomal units

Chronobiology: study of the effect of time on living systems Clear-cell hidroadenoma: clear-cell papillary carcinoma; clear-cell

myoepithelioma Clear-cell tumor: adenocarcinoma with clear cells (hypernephroid

of ovary; mesonephric tumor) Clinical trials: arrangement of therapeutic regimen Colloid cysts of the third ventricle: paraphyseal cysts; suprasellar

cysts; neuroepithelial cysts Colonoscopy: examination of the inner surface of the colon through

visual means, i.e. colonoscope Colony stimulating factors: group of functionally related glycopro­

tein effectors (CSF; also called macrophage- and granulocyte­inducing protein (MGI» necessary for the development of hem a­topoietic precursor cells into mature macrophages and gra­nulocytes

Colorectal carcinoma antigen (M): tumor-associated antigen useful for monitoring patients with colorectal cancer and for detecting recurrences

Comparative Pathology: Branch of pathology comparing diseases in different species

Complications, acute: such as nausea, vomiting, oncologic emer­gencies

Complications, chronic: such as paraneoplastic syndromes, impair­ments of body functions, cachexia

Computed tomography (CT): computer synthesizing x-ray tech­nique designed to obtain anatomical information from examina­tion of the cross sectional plane of the body; primary imaging tool for detection of central nervous system neoplasms

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy: leiomyomatous hamartoma of the kidney

Craniopharyngioma: adamantinoma of the pituitary; suprasellar cyst; suprasellar epidermoid cyst; Rathke's pouch tumor, amelo­blastoma

Creatinine kinase* (M): enzyme catalyzing the transfer of phos­phate phosphocreatine to yield creatine and ATP; also, useful as tumor marker for lung, breast, and prostate carcinoma

Cystic hyperplasia: Brodie's benign cystic disease; cystophorus des­quamative epithelial hyperplasia; Schimmelbusch's disease; fi­broadenosis (Atkins); mala die cystique de Reclus; Semb's fi­broadenomatosis cyst

Cytology: branch of biological science dealing with the structure, behavior, growth, and reproduction of cells and the function and chemistry of cells and cell components

Cytotoxic anti-tumor agents: compounds detrimental to the growth of neoplastic cells

Desmoid tumor: desmoma; desmoid fibromatosis Differentiation: In the case of neoplasms, differentiation constitutes

specialization of a tissue or organ to perform inferiorly a par­ticular function, but accompanied by characteristic morphologic changes simulating the parent tissue

Differentiation antigens: tumor associated antigens that reflect dis­tinctive stages of differentiation in subpopulations of cells in normal adult tissue

Differentiation control: use of small effector molecules (i.e. reti­noids) in the regulation of induced differentiation of cancer cells

Digital radiography/fluoroscopy: examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by x-ray through use of the fluoro­scope

Diktyoma: medulloepithelioma Direct spread of neoplasms: neoplastic spread in which the spread­

ing cells remain connected to the primary tumor Dysgerminoma: seminoma; alveolar carcinoma; embryonal car­

cinoma with lymphoid stroma (Ewing); large cell carcinoma; gonocytoma (Teilum)

Embryology: study of the development of the organisms from the zygote or fertilized egg. Important for the study of embryonal and mixed tumors, teratomas included and for such problems as tumor regression.

Embryonal carcinoma (Scully and Parham): embryoma; teratocar­cinoma; trophocarcinoma (Friedman and Di Rienzo)

Embryonic tumors (of liver): embryonal mixed tumor; embryonic hepatoma; hepatoblastoma

Emergencies: CNS emergencies, metabolic, superior vena cava syn­drome, surgical, urologic

Endodermal sinus tumor: yolk-sac tumor Endoscopy: examination of the interior of a hollow organ or chan-

nel with a special instrument (endoscope) Epidermoid cysts: cholesteatoma (misnomer) Epithelioma adenoides cysticum: trichoepithelioma Esophagoscopy: inspection of the interior of the esophagus, using

an endoscope Fibroblastoma (Mallory, Penfield): meningioblastoma (Oberling) Fibroma: non-osteogenic fibroma; non-ossifying fibroma; meta­

physeal fibrous defect (Hatcher) Follicular adenocarcinoma: angioinvasive carcinoma or malignant

adenoma Follicular lymphoma: Brill-Symmers disease; lymphoid follicular

reticulosis (Robb-Smith); giant follicular lymphadenopathy (Symmers); giant lymph follicle hyperplasia (Brill, Baehr, and Rosenthal)

Foreign body carcinogenesis: neoplastic development initiated or promoted by compounds (i.e. environmental) foreign to the host

Ganglioneuroma: ganglioma; sympathicocytoma Ganglioneuroblastomas: malignant ganglioneuromas Genetics: science concerned with biological inheritance and the

resemblances and differences among related individuals. Genetic facts are involved, at least, in certain human neoplasms, and certain animal and plant neoplasms have a genetic basis.

Geography: science dealing with the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humans.

Geology: study or science of earth, its history, and its life as recor­ded in the rocks; includes the study of the geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering, ero­sion, and sedimentations. Stratigraphy, the sequence of the layers of sediments is determined by fossil content.

Germinoma: atypical teratoma; pinealoma Giant-celled glioblastomas: monstrocellular; gigantocellular glio­

blastoma; spongioblastoma ganglioides Giant osteoid osteoma (Dahlin): benign osteoblastoma (Jaffe);

osteogenic fibroma (Lichtenstein) Growth factors: compounds fostering cell growth Hemangioendothelioma: angiosarcoma Hemangioma of the placenta: chorioangioma Heterogeneity of neoplastic cells: neoplastic cell aggregates distin­

guished by differences in their ability to metastasize, location site of metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and aggressiveness of growth; major impedance to effective Cli:J.cer therapy.

Histology: study of the structure and chemical composition of animal and plant tissues as related to their function. The basic science for determination and diagnosis of neoplasms.

Hodgkin's paragranuloma: early Hodgkin's disease (Jackson); be­nign Hodgkin's disease (Harrison); indolent Hodgkin's disease (Symmers); reticular lymphoma (Lumb); Iymphoreticular medullary reticulosis (Robb-Smith)

Human tumor-specific antigens: antigens specific to particular tumors

Hyperthermia: treatment of neoplasms with restricted increase of tissue temperature

Immunology: division of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with microorganisms and distribution of neoplastic cells, foreign bodies, etc.

Immune response: reaction of the body to antigens

Immunity changes: processes occurring during cancer development which may increase the risk of infection

Immunosuppression: decrease in immune response Initiators of chemical carcinogenesis: chemical compounds able to

induce cancer growth Inorganic Chemistry: science dealing with the study of noncarbon

compounds Insulin family of growth factors: Insulin-based growth promoting

substances Intraoperative endoscopy: exploration of the inner surface of a

hollow organ during surgery Intraoperative radiotherapy: radiation therapy applied to inoper­

able neoplasms exposed during surgery Invasion of neoplasms: growth of a malignant neoplasm into sur­

rounding tissues, causing destruction of those tissues Ionizing radiation: particles with sufficient energy to produce ion­

ization directly in their passage through a substance Irreversible toxic changes during carcinogenesis: non-revertant

processes occurring during the latter stages of carcinogenesis Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma: calcifying fibroma Kaposi's disease: idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma Keratoacanthoma: Molluscum sebaceum; Molluscum pseudocar-

cinomatosum Lactic dehydrogenase (M): tetramer catalyzing the oxidation of

lactate to pyruvate; also, may be used as a marker for germ cell cancers

Laparoscopy: exploration of the abdomen utilizing a type of en­doscope, specifically, a laparascope

Laser therapy: surgical treatment of tissue with a narrow beam of coherent, monochromatic light of concentrated energies

Leiomyoma: myoma; fibroid; fibromyoma Lipid-bound sialic acid- (M): heterogeneous mixture of gang­

liosides, sialolipids, and sialoglycoprotein, functional as a tumor marker for particular neoplastic diseases, such as Hodgkin's disease, melanoma, and ovarian cancer

Lipoid-cell tumor: adrenocorticoid tumor of ovary; ovarian hyper­nephroma; luteoma; masculinovoblastoma (Merivale and For­man; Rotlino and McGrath)

Liver-cell carcinoma: hepatocellular cancer; malignant hepatoma Lymphoma: malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and reticulo­

endothelial tissues: appear as solid tumors Lymphosarcoma: lymphocytoma; lymphoblastoma; lymphocytic

reticulosarcoma/reticulum-cell sarcoma; reticulosarcoma; reti­culum-cell lymphosarcoma; stem-cell lymphoma; clasmatocytic lymphoma

Magnetic resonance imaging: imaging technology allowing detec-tion of small neoplasms in areas of high bone content

Malignant ciliary epithelial tumor: medulloepithelioma Malignant hydatidiform mole: chorioadenoma destruens Malignant nonchromaffin paraganglioma: alveolar soft-part sar-

coma; malignant granular cell myoblastoma Malignant synovioma: synovioma (Smith); synovIaloma; synovial

sarcoma; mesothelioma of joints; sarcomesothelioma; malignant angiofibroma

Mediastinoscopy: use of mediastinoscope for visual examination of the mediastinum through a suprasternal incision

Medicine: study of the cause and treatment of human disease, including the healing arts dealing with diseases which are treated by a physician or surgeon

Melanosis: abnormally dark pigmentation of various tissues; in oncology,the condition of cachexia by widespread melanoma metastasis

Melanuria: excretion of dark urine due to the presence of melanin or other pigments

Meningioma: psammoma (Virchow); dural endothelioma (Golgi, Ribbert); arachnoidal fibroblastoma (Mallory, Penfield); meningioblastoma (Oberling); tumor of the meninges

"Mesodermal mixed tumors" of the uterus: malignant mesen­chymoma; mesenchymal sarcoma (Ober and Tovell): adenosar­coma (Sophian); dysontogenetic tumor (McFarland): malignant

19: Glossary 203

mixed Mullerian neoplasm (Krupp et al.) Metastasis: transfer of the causal agent (cell or microorganism) of

a disease from a primary focus to a distant one through the blood or lymphatic vessels; in oncology, a secondary neoplasm is de­rived from the primary malignant neoplasms by the seeding of neoplastic cells

Metastatic spread: via lymphatics, including thoracic duct: blood­stream; transcoelomic metastasis-serous membranes, i.e. ovarian tumor development; implantation on epithelial surfaces; metas­tasis of teratomas; metastasis of stroma

"Mixed tumors" of salivary glands: composite tumors; polymor­phic adenomas; adenomes metaplastic polymorphs; enclavomas

Morphogenesis: transformation involved in the growth and dif­ferentiation of cells and tissue; also known as topogenesis

Multi-modality therapy: application of several types of therapy simultaneously or consecutively to prohibit the progression of primary neoplasms and their spread

Multiple enchondromatosis: dyschondroplasia Multiple-endocrine-adenoma syndrome: polyendocrine adenomas;

pluriglandular adenomatosis; adenomatosis of endocrine glands familial endocrine adenomatosis

Multiple myeloma: mollities ossium (McIntyre, 1850); myelogenous pseudoleukemia (Zahn, 1885); Kahler's disease (\889); senile osteomalacia (Marchand, 1896); plasma cell myelosarcoma; myeloma; plasma cell myeloma; plasmacytoma

Multiple osteochondromatosis: diaphysial aclasis (Keith); heredi­tary deforming dyschondroplasia

Mutagen: an agent that raises the frequence of mutation above the spontaneous rate

Myxoma: myxosarcoma Neoplastic metabolism: aberrant changes of normal metabolism

during cancer development Neoplasm: actively growing tissue composed of cells which have

undergone an abnormal type of irreversible differentiation; a cellular tumor that may either be benign or malignant

Nephroblastoma: Wilms' tumor of kidney, adenosarcoma; em­bryonal nephroma, "mixed" tumor of kidney; embryonic ade­nosarcoma

Neurilemoma: neurolemmoma; Schwann-cell tumor, Schwannoma Neuroblastoma (Wright): sympathicoblastoma Neuron-specific enolase (M): isozyme of enolase found in neuronal

tissue and in endocrine cells of the neuroendocrine system; present in large amounts in all types of neuroendocrine tumors

Nodular fasciitis: subcutaneous pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis; proliferative fasciitis

Nuclear imaging: highly sensitive technique important for the detec­tion and characterization of brain tumors

Organic Chemistry: study of the composition, reactions, and properties of carbon compounds except CO, CO2 , and certain ionic compounds. The majority of chemical carcinogens are or­ganic compounds.

Organ-specific treatment: treatment specific for one or several types of neoplasms, e.g. mammography

Organ transplantation: implantation of an organ in one of two ways: 1) homogenous transplantation: transfer of an organ from an organism of one species to another of the same species; 2) heterogenous transplantation: transfer of an organ from an or­ganism of one species to another of a different species

Osteoclastoma: giant cell tumor; myeloid sarcoma; tumeur a myelo­plaxes

Osteosarcoma: osteogenic sarcoma; osteoblastic sarcoma Ovarian carcinoma antigen (M): monoclonal antibody-identified

tumor marker for ovarian cancer and possibly other epithelial cancers

Oxyphilic adenoma: oncocytoma Paleontology: science dealing with the study of prehistoric forms of

life through the study of plant and animal fossils. This science is essential for understanding of such facts as the first phylogenetic appearance of parent tissues of neoplasms and the sequence of neoplasms found in fossils.

204 Glossary

Papillary carcinoma: carcinoma characterized by finger-like out­growths

Papilloma: growth pattern of benign epithelial tumors in which the proliferating epithelial cells grow outward from a surface ac­companied by vascularized cores of connective tissue to form a branching structure

Paraneoplastic syndromes: remote effects constituted by the tumor through elaboration of soluble factors and humoral substances influencing the ability ofthe host to function normally; i.e. ectop­ic hormone production as in Cushing's syndrome and hyper­calcemia

Parosteal osteosarcoma: parosteal osteoma (Geshickter and Copeland); juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma (Jaffe and Selin); parosteal osteogenic sarcoma (Dwinne et aI.)

Particle beam radiation therapy: method of treatment to increase the rates of local and regional control of malignant neoplasms based on improved physical dose distributions achievable with protons, He ions, heavy ions, and pions

Pathology: branch of biological science dealing with the nature of disease through study of its causes, processes, and effects, togeth­er with the associated alterations of structure and function; and the laboratory findings of disease, as distinguished from clinical signs and symptoms

Peritoneoscopy: see celioscopy Pheochromocytoma: chromaffinoma Photodynamic sensitizers: light absorbing chemicals (i.e. hema­

toporphyrin derivative (Hpd» that are essential components of photoreactions leading to the inactivation of biologic systems in cancer therapy

Phytopathology: branch of biological science which investigates plant diseases

Pinealoma: atypical teratoma of the pineal body Pineoblastoma: pinealoblastoma Pineocytoma: pinealocytoma Polyp: nonspecific term signifying tissue growth of a mucous mem­

brane which may be an inflammatory lesion or a true tumor; two types exist: (a) pedunculated polyp - mass oftissue attached to an organ by a freely movable, narrow stalk or pedicle; (b) sessile polyp - mass of tissue attached by a broad base

Polyposis: presence of multiple polyps, usually occurring in the gastrointestinal tract

Primary tumors of coelomic surfaces: mesotheliomas Progressive recurring dermatofibroma: dermatofibrosarcoma

protuberans .Prostatic acid phosphatase· (M): glycoproteins uSyd in the radioim­

munoassay to evaluate the progression oflocalized prostate can­cer or the response to therapy of patients with metastatic disease

Radiation sensitizers and protectors: chemical compounds (hypoxic cell sensitizers and sulfuydryl compounds) that interact with reactive species during irradiation to aid in the repair of initial radiochemical lesions

Radiotherapy: treatment of radiosensitive neoplasms by radiation, e.g. testicular neoplasms

Rehabilitation: restoration, following cancer treatment, of ability to function in a normal or near normal manner

Reticulum-cell sarcoma: reticulosarcoma; reticulum cell lymphosar­coma; stem cell lymphoma; clasmatocytic lymphoma

Retinoblastoma: neuroblastoma retinae; glioma retinae; neuro­epithelioma of the retina; ependymoma retinae

Reversible toxic changes during carcinogenesis: reversible structural and metabolic changes of tissue undergoing neoplastic trans-

formation during the onset of neoplastic development; similar to the process of ischemia

Rhabdoblastic sarcomas: rhabdosarcomas Sarcoma: nonepithelial malignant neoplasm deriving from connec­

tive, muscle, or nervous tissues Seborrheic keratosis: Verruca senilis; pigment-forming papilloma;

basal cell papilloma Second primary cancers: Primary neoplasm appearing in a patient

who had earlier developed another primary tumor of differing histology

Seminoma: spermatocytoma; embryoma; embryonal carcinoma with lymphoid stroma; large cell carcinoma testis; germinoma

Solid alveolar carcinoma: medullary carcinoma; solid carcinoma with amyloid stroma

Solitary osteochondroma: solitary osteocartilaginous exostosis Subependymal astrocytoma: subependymal glomerate astrocyto­

ma, subependymoma Subependymal giant-celled astrocytomas: tuberose sclerosis (syn.

astrocytome sousependymaire to gross cellular fusiforms, (Roussy and Oberling, 1931»

Subependymoma: subependymal glomerate astrocytoma (Boykin et aI., 1954); subependymal astrocytoma (French and Bucy, 1948)

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum: superficial hidradenoma T-cells: lymphocytes produced in the thymus Testicular adenocarcinoma of infancy: orchioblastoma; endoder­

mal sinus tumor; yolk-sac tumor; infantile embryonal carcinoma Thoracoscopy: examination of the pleural cavity with an endoscope Transcatheter management: management of a neoplasm by apply­

ing chemotherapy with a catheter Treatment administration: administrative handling of the treatment

of cancer patients Tumor: (a) widely used term for a neoplasm as a new growth of

tissue, serving no function; (b) a swollen or distended part of the body, or as used in paleontology of a fossil, such as a skull or bone; (c) sometimes also used for a genus specific phylogenetic condition of bones and known as pachyostosis; (d) in botany and phytopathology, used for a gall

Tumor markers *: enzymes, isoenzymes, and hormones (precursors and small active peptides included) associated with various types of cancers

Tumor spread: direct spread Tumors of the meninges: psammoma; dural endothelioma; arach­

noidal fibroblastoma; meningioblastoma (see also meningioma) Tumors of specialized gonadal stroma (Mostofi): androblastoma

(Teilum); Sertoli-cell tumor (CoIlins and Symington); granulosa theca cell tumor of testis

Ultrasound: ultrasonic waves (frequency 20,000 Hz), used in medi­cal diagnosis, surgery, and therapy

Unknown primary: condition in which secondary metastatic de­posits develop from primary neoplasms of unknown location

Unusual types of metastasis: metastasis which occurs less common as by unusual distribution on epithelial surfaces, or in an unusual way of direction as from the center of the body to its periphery (metastasis to a big toe) or to a rarely metastasized organ (tongue)

Virology: science dealing with the study of viruses and in oncology with oncogenic viruses

Zoology: scientific study of the taxonomy, behavior, and morphol­ogy of animal life also a basic science of comparative oncology

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: foam cell granuloma; renal xanthomatosis

* (M) = tumor marker

Abdomen; 103 Abelson (Abl) gene; 6, 8 Acinic cell carcinoma; 102, 103 Actinomycete; 194 Actinomycin D; 12 Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); 13,99 (Table 1) Adenosquamous carcinoma; 102 Adenovirus; 7, 136 Adjuvant chemotherapy; 1, 14,65, 69, 162, 193 Adnexal carcinoma (eyelid); 103 Adrenals; 102 Adriamycin; 12, 57, 118, 164 Aggregation; 74 AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome); 16, 162, 165 AKR lymphoma; 47,136 Albumin binding; 176 Alkylating agents; ll, 111, 140, 193 Allograft immunity; 16 Alopecia; 176 Alzheimer's disease; 39 Amethopterin; 11, 172, 175, 177 Aminopterin; II Amnion; 23 Amphoteririn B; 172 m-AMSA; 12 Amsacrine; 57 Anemia; 183 Angiogenesis; 29, 84, 91, 110, 114, 116, 166, 194 Angiosarcoma; 45, 104 (Table 2), 121 Angiotensin; 118 Anthracyclines; 164 Anti A/B sera; 75, 76 Antibodies; 16, 89

labelled; 195 to laminin; 85 monoclonal; 17,48,54,71,89, 109, 135, 140, 164, 194 to plasminogen activator; 91

Anti-coagulant therapy; 74, 87, 138, 193 Anti-one gene; 6 Anti-platelet aggregation therapy; 74 Antigen middle T; 7 Antigen modulation; 16, 71 Antigen-antibody complex; 16 Antigen CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen); 112

melanoma associated; 54 surface; 48, 54

Antigenicity; 47, 192 Antiviral agents; 169

INDEX

205

Arachidonic acid; 78 Artery; 120 Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; 1 Asbestos; I Ascites; 77, 85 Asparaginase; 12 Aspirin; 195 Attachment factors; 74,76, 88 Autoimmune diseases; 163 Autopsy; 88, 157, 162, 184 Axillary lymph nodes; 102 (Table 2), 109, 119 5-Azacytidine; 12, 193 5-Azidothymidine; 163

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG); 139, 194 Basal cell cancer; 98, 103, 104, 144, Basement membrane; 28, 74, 90 BCNU; 12, 193 Benzopyrene (BP); 224 Biliary tract; 102 Bioavailability; 171 Biochemical modulation; 70 Biological response modification; 65, 137, 139, 166, 193 Biology of cancer; 1-22

developmental -; 3 molecu1ar-; 2

Biopsy; 184 Biotechnology; 65 Biotransformation; 171 Bittner; 2 Bladder cancer; 6, 103 Bleomycin; 12,57, ll8, 173, 175 Blocking factors; 16 Blood; 116 Blood-brain barrier; 85, 193 Blood cell; 121 Blood group antigen; 75 Blood transfusion; 183 B-Iymphocyte; 6, 108, 1I8 B 16 melanoma; 48,51,86,91, 1I3, 137,151,158,172,192,195 B2 microglobulin; 135 B-naphthoflavone (BNF); 24 Body fluids; 42, 121 Bombesin; 166 Bone; 102 Bone marrow; 99 (Table 1), 1I0, Ill, 125, 175 Bone marrow transplantation; 17, 19, 169 Bone scan; 112

206 Subject Index

Boyden chamber; 77 Brain; 102 Brain edema; 85 Breast carcinoma; I, 14, 18,43,44,66, 102, 109, 116, 157, 160, 166 Breast gland; 41 Brill-Symmers disease; 100 Bronchial mucosa; 102 Burkitt's lymphoma; 6, 99

Cachexia; 116 (Fig. 3) Calcium channel blockers; 196 cAMP; 81 Cancer, biology of -; 1-22

breast -; 14, 18, 43, 64 cervical -; 3, 66, 102 endometrial-; 24, 66 environmentally induced; I epidemiology; I gastrointestinal -; 66 lung; i18, 45, 66 metastasis; 28, 47, 73, 134, 156, 192 ovarian; 14, 66 prostate; 67 renal; 67 risk; 1, 2, 25 testicular; 67 treatment; 10

Capillaries; 85, 110 Carboplatin; 164 Carcino embryogenic antigen (CEA); 112 Carcinogen binding; 24 Carcinogenesis, chemical; 4, 24

experimental -; 2 Carcinoma in situ; 84 Case-control studies; I CCNU; 193 Cell aggregates; 56 Cell attachment; 74 Cell cycle; 48, 69, 173 Cell kinetics; 13, 15, 173 Cell mediated immunity; 16, 108 Cell rigidity; 73 Cell shedding; 84 Cell size; 73 Cell swelling assay; 78 Central nervous system; 42 Chalones; 92 Chemotaxis; 28, 77, 81, 90 Chemotherapy; I, 13,28,29,65-72,171-191,157,162

adjuvant -; I, 14,54,69, 162, 193 Childhood tumors; 69 Chiprozotocin; 193 Cholangiocarcinoma; 102 Chondrosarcoma; 104 Chordoma; 43 Choriocarcinoma; II, 13, 103 Chromatography; 24 Chromosome map; 6

marker; 55, 57 number; 55 Philadelphia; 118 translocation; 6

Circadian rhythms; 35 Circulatory system; 113, 119, 122 Circulating tumor cells; 73, 77, 86, 11 I, 114, 158 Cis-platinum; 12, 164, 172, 175, 193 Clear cell carcinoma; 103 Clone; 49, 50, 55, 114, 136, 138, 192 Coagulation; 74, 195 Coal tar cancer; I Coated microbeads; 52 Coldman; 15 Collagen Type IV; 28, 74, 75, 89, 114, 145 Colon; 101 Combinations of drugs; 13 Comparative oncology; 33 Comparative tumorigenesis; II7, 118 Comparison

culmination of neoplastic development; 41, 42 interspecies; 33, 34 intraspecies; 33, 34 spectrum, organ; 44, 45

tissue; 44, 45 Complement; 190 Computed tomography (CT scan); 11, 112, 168 C-onc gene; 4 Congenital defects; 2 Conjunctiva; 44, 103 Corticosteroids; II, 92 Corynebacterium parvum; 139, 194 Cross-immunization; 135 Croton oil; 50 Cyclohexamide; 78 Cyclophosphamide; I I, 1 I 1, 140, 193 Cystadenocarcinoma; 102 Cytochalasin B; 73 Cytochrome P540; 1 Cytokines; 17 Cytology; 109, I I 1 Cytometry, flow -; 56 Cytoreduction; 69 Cytosine arabinoside; 12, 172, 193 Cytoskeleton; 78 Cytotoxic drugs; 65, 148 Cytotoxic T-Iymphocytes; 49, 135, 137

Data base NCI; 163 Daunomycin; 12 Dedifferentiation; 3, 4 Defibrination; 195 Degradative enzymes; 29, 90 Delbriick; 15 Dementia senilis; 39 Diethylstilbesterol; 18 Differentiation; 3, 28, 109, 112 DNA binding; 7, 24

content; 54 sequencing; 3 synthesis; 2, 173 technology; 2, 167 transfection; 3

Dormant tumor cells; 160 Dose escalation; 180 Dose-limiting toxicity; 171

Dose schedule; 172, 178 Doubling time; 14 Down's syndrome; 6 Doxorubicin; 12, 57, 118, 164 Drosophila melanogaster; 10, 45, 98, 119 Drug combinations; 13

delivery; 147 dosing; 177, 178 (Table 3) resistance; 14, 31, 70 screening programs; 164 sensitivity; 57

DTIC (imidazole carboxamide); 12 Duct cell adenocarcinoma; 102 Ductal carcinoma; 102 Dunn's osteosarcoma; 194

Ears; 104 Ecogenetics; I, 2 Ehrlich's carcinoma; 49 E-J human bladder cancer; 6 Elastin; 28 Emboli; 29, 56, 114 Embryogenesis; 3 Embryonal cell carcinoma; 103 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma; 14 Endocrine system; 42 Endocrine therapy; 66 Endoglycosidases; 91 Endometrial organ culture; 23 Endometrial cancer; 24, 102, 113 Endometrium; 102 Endonuclease; 3 Endothelioma; 45 Endothelium; 30, 74, 84, 112 Envelope, viral -; 48 Environmentally induced cancer; 1 Enzyme cytochrome P450; 1

degradative -; 29, 90 encoding genes; 2 exocytosis; 76 hydrolytic; 76 marker; 54

Epidemiology; I Epidermal growth factor (EGF); 7 Epidermoid carcinoma; 102 Epithelial tissue; 33 Epithelioid sarcoma; 104 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); 2, 135 Erythrocytes; 12, 107, 113 Esophageal cancer; 109 Estrogen; 24, 166 Ewing's sarcoma; 13, 29, 69, 104 Exocytosis; 76 Exoglycosidasis; 91 Experimen tal metastasis; 51 Extracellular matrices; 28 Eye; 42 Eyelid; 103

FGR; 9 Fibrin; 87,114,138,195 Fibroblast; 136

Filopodia; 78 Flow cytometry; 56 Flow microfiuorimetry; 14 5-Fluorouracil; 12, 172, 193 FMS; 9 Follicular carcinoma; 101 Fos gene; 8 Fungi; 43

Gall bladder; 102 Gall bladder cancer; 113 Gene, abl; 6, 8

amplification; II c-onc -; 4 enzyme encoding - : 2 Fos; 8 H2; 136 human - map; 19 myc -; 135 sis -; 6, 7 v-erb-B - ; 7

Genetic instability; 193 Genome; 19 Giant cell carcinoma; 102, 104 Glioma; 49 Glomus tumor; 99 Glycoproteins; 28, 48, 54, 91, 112 Glycosylation; 145 Goldie; 15 Gompertzian growth pattern; 15 Good prognosis patients; 18, 169, 184 G-protein; 9 Graft vs host reaction; 17 Graft rejection; 2 Granular cell carcinoma; 103 Granulocyte; 19 Granulocyte-macrophage clusters; III Granulocyte transfusion; 19 Growth factor; 7, 17, 162, 165, 166 Growth fraction; 13, 14 Growth hormone; 163

Hairy-cell leukemia; 99, 167 Halsted; 10, 156 Hands; 104 Heavy chain disease; 99 Hemangiopericytoma; 104 Hemangiosarcoma; 45 Hemoglobin; 121 Hemorrhage; 183 Hemostasis; 114 Heparin; 87, 92, 138, 16~ 195 Hepatic metastasis; 52 Hepatoblastoma; 102 Hepatocellular carcinoma; 102 Herpes virus; 53

Subject Index 207

Heterogeneity of tumors; 30,47,50, 58, 65-72, 135, 144, 160 Histiocytic lymphoma; 99 Histiocytoma; 104 Histiocytosis, malignant ; 99 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus); 2, 16 HL-60 (human promyelocyte leukemia); 19

208 Subject Index

HLA; 54, 135 Hodgkin's disease; 13, 68, 99, 105 HPLO (high pressure liquid chromatography) HTLV (human T-Iymphocyte virus); 2, 16 Human chromosome map; 6 Human tumor xenografts; 14 Hybridoma; 17 Hybrids; 112 Hydrocortisone; 92 Hydrolysis; 76 Hyperadherence response; 77 Hyperthermia; II, 168, 193 Hypogamma globulinemia; 112

ICRF-159 (razoxane); 195 Immune response modifiers; 30, 31 Immune system; 42 Immune toxins; 194 Immunity, cell mediated -; 16,31, 134 Immunogenicity; 47, 134, 192 Immunoglobulin gene; 6 Immunologic deficiency syndrome; 2, 166 Immunologic enhancement; 16 Immunologic surveillance; 16, 110 Immunomodulators; 146, 149, 194 Immunopheresis; 16 Immunoselection; 1324, 135, 139 Immunosuppression; 100, 134, 167 Immunotherapy; 16, 54, 65, Ill, 118, 139, 164, 167 Informed consent; 176 Inhibition of metastasis; 30, 92 Initiation; 4 Insulin; 163, 166 Interferon; 17,65,117,137,145,167,172,194 Interleukin (IL); 17, 172, 194 Intraoperative radiation therapy; 11 Intraperitoneal chemotherapy; 14 Intravasation of tumor cells; 28, 86 In vivo - in vitro transfer; 52 Irradiation; 50, 134, 140 Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBX); 193

Juxtacoreosteosarcoma; 104

Kaposi's sarcoma; 16, 99 Karnofsky performance scale; 147 Karyotype; 49, 54, 56 Kidney; 102, 103 Killer cells; 16,30,49,52,107,111,117,140,167,194 Koch; 49 Kupffer cells; 147

Lacrimal gland; 103 Laminar air flow isolation; 19 Laminin; 74, 28, 89, 166 Larynx; 101 Lectin; 75 Leiomyosarcoma; 104 Lentigo malignua; 104 Lethal dose (LD); 177 Leukemia; 172, 194

acute lymphocytic; 13, 68, 99, 110, 172

acute myelogenous; 68, 99 AHH induced; I chronic myelogenous; 68, 99 group B; 12 HL - 60; 19

Leukocytes; 81, 137 polyinorphonuclear; 23, 76, 77

Leukopenia; 188 Leukovorin rescue; 11, 173 Lewis' lung carcinoma (3LL); 50, 86, 109, 113, 134, 160, 177, 182 Life span; 35--40, 41, 98, 192 Ligand receptor binding; 2 Lip; 101 Liposarcoma; 104 Liposomes; 139, 145, 147, 193 Lobular carcinoma; 102 Log kill hypothesis; 15 Lung; 101

metastasis; see pulmonary neoplasms; 45, 84, 102 small-cell carcinoma; 18, 54, 102, 135, 166

Luria; 15 Lymph nodes; 29, 49,34,98,99, 107, 113, 149, 156, 194 Lymphangioma; 121 Lymphangiosarcoma; 121 Lymphatic system; 42, 98-133 Lymphatic tumor spread; 29, 98-126 Lymphocytes; 108, 118, 194

activated -; 90, 165, 194 destruction of -; 107

Lymphocytopenia; 122 Lymphoepithelioma; 99 Lymphoid tissue; 98, 118, 194

tumor cells; 88 Lymphokines; 17, 140, 167, 192 Lymphoma AKR; 136

Burkitt's -; 6, 99 L5178 YE; 135

Lymphoma, malignant; 99, 113 diffuse; 99, 105 nodular; 99, 105, 167

Lymphopoiesis; 108, 113 Lymphoproliferative disease, X-linked -; 2 Lymphosarcoma RAW; 117, 139 Lysis of tumor cells; 138, 148

Macromolecules; 28 Macrophages; 17, 119, 137, 139, 144--156,

activation factor; 145, 151, 194 liposome interaction; 149 receptor; 145

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); II, 186 Maintenance treatment; 13 Mammalian sarcoma virus; 3 Mammals; 34, 35, 41, 98, 118 Mammary tumor; 34,47, 53, 58, 86, 102, 109, 113, 139, 172, 192 Marek's disease; 17, 48 Marker chromosome; 55 Markers; 54, 91, 48, 108, 112 Marrow rescue; 13

transplantation; 17, 19 toxicity; 135

Maximally tolerated dose (MTD); 172, 184 Mechloroethamine; 193 Medullary carcinoma; 101

Meibomian glands; 104 Melanoma; 34,48,67,86,100,113,118,137,149,151 Melanoma-associated antigens; 54 Melphalan; 193 Menstrual cycle; 24 6-Mercaptopurine; 12 Meristematic tissue; 33, 43 Mesenchymoma; 104 Mesothelioma; 45 Metabolic cooperation; 58 Metastasis cascade; 29, 157, 160

clonal; 57 experimental;·55, 56, 88 hematogenic; 118 hematogenous; 29, 98, 112, 117 hemodynamic therapy; 73 immunological control; 134--140 inhibition; 29, 30, 92 lymphatic -; 29, 98, 114, 117 metastasis from -; 30, 156--161 micrometastasis; 14,28, 112, 193 and macrophages; 144--155 organ specific -; 29, 74, 897

Methotrexate; 11, 172, 175, 177 MHC (mayor histocompatibility complex); 9, 135 Microadenoma; 102 Microbeads, coated -; 52 Microcirculation; 73 Microfiuorimetry; 14 Microglobulin; 82, 135 Micrometastasis; 14,28, 112, 156 Microvasculature; 140 Microvilli; 78 Middle T antigen; 7 Mithramycin; 175 Mitosis; 125, 173 MMTV; 2 Modificiation, biological response -; 65, 137, 139, 192 Modulation; 53, 70 Molecular biology; 2 Molecular pharmacology; 14 Monoclonal antibodies; 17,48,54,71,89,109, 140, 164, 166, 194 Monocytes; III, 144, 147, 149 Moore; 10 MOPP; 13 Mos-gene; 5 Mucinous carcinoma; 102, 103 Multi agent chemotherapy; 13 Multiple sclerosis; 163 Multistage cancer induction; 2 MULV; 3 Mutagenesis; 2 Mutation; 57 Myasthenia gravis; 112 Myc-gene; 5, 6 Mycobacterial RNA; 194 Mycosis fungo ides; 99 Myelogenous leukemia; 68 Myeloma; 69

Myelosuppressive agents; 175

National Cancer Act; 162 National Cancer Institute* 12, 172 National Wilms' Tumor Study Group; 14

Subject Index 209

Natural killer (NK) cells; 16, 30, 49, 52, 132, 137, 148 Necropsy; 88, 157, 160, 184 Necrosing factor, tumor - (TNF); 17, 167 Neovascularisation; 29 Nephroblastoma; 34, 103, 166 Neuroblastoma; 18, 105 Nifedipine; 12, 196 NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts; 4 Nitrogen mustard; II, 175, 193 Nitrosoureas; 193 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 68, 99, 105 Non-neoplastic growth; 33 Non-seminomatous embryonal cell carcinoma; 103 Norton; 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); II, 168 Nutrition and cancer; I

Oat cell carcinoma; 102 Occult metastasis; 28, 112 Oncogene; 4, 8, 135, 162, 166 Oral cavity; 101 Organ culture; 23-27 Organ selective adhesion; 88 Organ spectrum; 44, 45 Osteochondroma; 44, 104 Osteosarcoma; 14,44,104,113,160,164 Ovarian carcinoma; 14, 103 Ovary; 103 Oxygen radicals; 77

Paget; 29 Pancreas; 102, 113 Pancreatic blastoma; 102 Papillary carcinoma; 102 Papillary cystic tumor; 102 Papilloma virus; 2 Para-aortic lymph nodes; 101 Parotid lymph nodes; 101 Particle beam therapy; 168 Patient selection; 173 Pelvic nodes; 103 Performance status scale; 174 Peritoneal cavity; 52 Peritoneum; 106 Permeability; 87 PET (positron emission scan); II, 168 Peyer's patches; 125 Phagocytosis; 147, 108, 118 Pharmacology; 14 Pharynx; 101 Phases in clinical testing; 171 Philadelphia chromosome; 118 Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; 193 Phospholipids; 147 Phosphorylation; 9 Photodynamic therapy; 168 Phylogenesis of Iymphovascular system; 119, 120-125

210 Subject Index

Phylogeny; 35 Placenta; 23, 41 Plasma cell tumor; 99 Plasma clearance; 171 Plasminogen activator; 30, 55, 91, 196 Platelet - derived growth factor (PDGF); 7 Platelet - tumor cell interaction; 74, 87, 112, 138, 194 Platelets; 111, 112, 138, 194 Pleomorphic carcinoma; 101 Polycyclic aromatic; 24 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes; 23, 76, 77, 87 Polyoma SV 40; 7 Polyoma virus; 3 Polyphosphoinositide; 9 Poor prognosis patients; 18, 169, 184 Prednisone; 12 Procarbazine; 12, 175 Procoagulant; 85, 87 Progenitor cell; 55, 111 Progesterone; 24 Promotion; 4 Promyelocytes; 125 Prostacyclin (PG); 138, 195 Prostate; 103 Protamine; 92 Protease inhibitors; 30, 195 Protein; 7, 173

G-; 9 MAP; 19 hydrolysis; 76 kinase; 3, 7

Proteolytic enzymes; 30, 76 Protocols, toxicologic -; 172 Proto -oncogenes; 4 Pseudopodia; 90 Pulmonary metastasis; 134, 158, 161 Purtilo syndrome; 2

Quality of life; 187

Radiation, gamma -; 55 UV (ultraviolet); 50, 134

Radiation therapy; 11, 140, 156, 159, 168 Radical resection; 10, 57

mastectomy; 11 Radiolabelled cells; 56, 149, 195 Radiolabelled glycoproteins; 76 Radionucleotide bone scan; 112 Radioprotectors; 11 Radiosensitizers; II Ras-oncogene; 5, 114 Raw 117 lymphosarcoma; 139 Razoxane; 195 Recall phenomenon; 174 Receptor binding, ligand -; 2 Recombinant insulin; 169

DNA technology; 2, 167 growth factor; 163 interferon; 117

Recruitment of tumor cells; 173 Rectosigmoid; 10 1 Rectum; 101

Regional drug delivery; 70 Remission induction; 13 Remission (of tumor); 187 Renal capsule assay; 14 Renal carcinoma; 54, 110, 161 Resection of tumor metastasis; 160 Respiratory insufficiency; 159 Response criteria; 187 (Table 13) Response modification, biological; 65, 117, 166, 193 Response rates; 66 Restriction endonuclease; 3 Reticulo-endothelial system RES; 147 Reticulum cell sarcoma; 52, 87 Retinoblastoma, bilateral; 2 Retrovirus; 2, 3, 4 Reverse transcriptase; 3 Rhabdomyosarcoma; 14,69, 120, 104 (Table 2) Rhesus factor; 1, 2, 42, 184 RNA (mycobacterial); 194 RNA tumor virus; 48 Rous; 1, 2, 47

S. cerevisiae; 10 Salivary glands; 101 Sarc gener; 3, 5 Sarcoma; 45, 103, 114

Sarcoma, bone; 67 Ewing; 13, 29, 69, 104 Kaposi's; 16, 99 osteogenic; 14, 44, 67 virus; 3,6

Scalp; 104 Scintigraphy; 138 Scrotal cancer; I Sebaceous carcinoma; 103 Seed and soil hypothesis; 29 Seminomatous embryonal cell carcinoma; 103 Serous tumors; 103 Sex hormones; 166 Sezary syndrome; 99 Shope; 2 Sigmoid; 10 1 Simon; 15 Single cell suspension; 52 Sinuese; 10 1 Sis gene; 6 Skeletal tumors; 104 Skin; 104 Skin cancer; 2 Small cell lung cancer; 18, 54, 135, 166 Soft tissue sarcoma; 103 Solid tumors; 106, 113, 165, 172, 193

Sonography; 118 Spleen; 99, Ill, 113, 122, 138 Spreading, direct; 107

metastatic; 28, 107 Squamous cell cancer; 44, 54, 84, 101, 109, 112, 158 Staging in clinical testing; 171 Statistics of cancer survival; 162 Stimulated adherence; 78 Stomach; 101 Stomatitis; 83

Sub-clones; 50 Subpopulations of cells; 30, 47, 48, 53,121,188,192 Suppressor cells; II, 16, 139 Suramide; 163 Surface antigens; 48, 108, 149 Surgical resection; 57, 156 Survival statistics; 162 Survival, tumor - free -; 139 Schwannoma; 104 Synchronisation; 69, 173 Syndrome, AIDS; 16

Down's; 6 immunological deficiency; 2 Purtilo's; 2 Sezary's; 99

Synovial sarcoma; 104

Target cells; 149 Targeting drugs; 71 T-cell growth factor; 17 T-cellieukemia/lyrnphoma virus; 165 TDH/TDL ratio; 180 Temperature - dependent transformation; 149 Teratoma; 33, 44, 102 Testicular neoplasm; 103, 1I0 Therapeutic index; 71 Thoracic duct; 108, 1I4, 1I7 Thrombocytopenia; 114, 183 Thrombus; 1I 0 Thymidine; 172 Thymolipoma; 99 Tiazofurin; 193 Tissue, epithelial; 33

fibroelastic; 108 lymphoid; 98, 1I8 macrophages; 144 meristematic; 33, 43 mesenchymal; 33,44,99, 106 species; 99 spectrums; 44, 45

Tonsils; 99, 1I1 Topo-inhibition; 3 Total lymphoid radiotherapy; 1I Toxic dose low (TDL); 177 Toxicity criteria; 183 Toxicity, hematological; 173, 180, 182, 192 Total body irradiation; 13 Transformation; 2, 6, 98 Transfusion, granulocyte -; 19 Transgenic mouse; 10 Transitional cell carcinoma; 103 Translocation; 6, 8 Transplantation, bone marrow -; 17, 19 Tris myc; 6 T IO-sarcoma; 136 Tumor, associated transplantation antigens (TATA); 16, 17,71

blood vessels; 84 capillaries; 84 clones; 136 doubling time; 108 drug-resistance; 70 emboli; 56, 1I4 escape; 16 free survival; 139 immunology; 16 inoculation; 55

Subject Index 211

invasion; 28 necrosing factor (TN F); 17, 167, 194 specific transplantation antigens; 15 spread; 28-32, 98-126 vascularity; 84 virology; 2 virus DNA; 2

Tumor cell adherence; 88 chemotaxis; 29, 77, 90 circulating; 73, 77, 86, 111 extravasation; i89 (Fig. 6), 90 intravasation; 86 lysis; 138 motility; 90 radiolabelled; 137 recruitment; 173 subpopulations; 30,47,48,53,88, 121, 138, 192 transplantation; 136 transport; 87

Urethra; 44 Uterine tissue; 24 Uterus; 102 (Table 2) UV radiation; 50, 134 UV-2237 fibrosarcoma; 50

Vaccination; 47, 194 Vaccine therapy; 194 Vacuolation; 149 Vagina; 101 VAMP (vincristine, amethopterin, mercaptopurin, prednisone); 13 Vascular permeability; 85, 87 Vascular plants; 33, 43, 98 Veins; 110 Vena cava; 1I0 Verapamil; 196 V -erb B gene; 7 Vesicles' multilameIlar - (MLV); 147, 193 Vincristine; 12,57,172,174 Virus adeno - type 12; 136

DNA; 2, 3 EBV; 2 hepatitis B; 2 herpes hominis type; 53 oncogenic; I 19 papilloma; 2 sarcoma; 3 simian virus 40; 3, 7, 136, 149

V -sis gene; 7 Vitamin K deficiency; 195

Walker's 256 carcinosarcoma; 77, 109, 195 Wandering metastatic cells; 73 Warfarin; 87, 138, 195 Wilms' tumor; 6, 12, 13, 14, 69

Xenografts; 14 Xeroderma pigmentosa; 2 X-linked Iymphoproliferative disease; 2

Yolk sac carcinoma; 102

Zonal heterogeneity of tumors; 47 Zubrod performance scale; 147