1

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()

hnz :

:

shngm

23 8 1. b p m 2. f 3. d t n l 4. g k h 5. j q x 6. zh ch sh r 7. z c s 8. y w

1. zh , ch , sh , r 2. j , q , x i 10 i ia ie iao iu in ian iang ing iong

4 e n an

y y y + i = yi () y y + i y+a = ya () / y+ ao = yao ()

w w w + u = wu () w w + u

w + a= wa () / w + o = wo ()

2

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ynm

38 5 1. a o e i u 2. ai ei ao ou ia ie iao iu ua uo uai ui e 3.() an en in ian un uan n an 4.() ang eng iang ing uang ong iong weng 5. -i er

1. e n an j q x y n l

n l n l j q x y ju que xun yuan

e n an

u e un uan

= ju qu xu n = jun qun xun an = juan quan xuan

u = zu cu su un = zun cun sun uan = zuan cuan suan

2. y y = ye =

y ye = e

y me = de = te =

3. -i z c s zh ch sh r zh ch sh r z c s zhi = zi = i

zh ch sh r z c s bi = mi = ji =

4. er r r r r 4

r zh

r

zhr , n

r

mr

3

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o uo ua ai ia

ia ie ei ie

an ang uo ou

en eng ui iu

ian iang

in ing

uan uang

4

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b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x

-i zi ci si zhi chi shi ri

a

a a

ba pa ma fa da ta na la ga ka ha za ca sa zha cha sha

ai ai bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai hai zai cai sai zhai chai shai

an an ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zan can san zhan chan shan ran

ang ang bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zang cang sang zhang chang shang rang

ao ao bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zao cao sao zhao chao shao rao

o

o o

bo po mo fo

ou ou pou mou fou dou tou nou lou gou kou hou zou cou sou zhou chou shou rou

ong ong dong tong nong long gong kong hong zong cong song zhong chong shong rong

e

e e

me de te ne le ge ke he ze ce se zhe che she re

ei ei bei pei mei fei dei tei nei lei gei kei hei zei zhei shei

en en ben pen men fen den nen gen ken hen zen cen sen zhen chen shen ren

eng eng beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zeng ceng seng zheng cheng sheng

er er

i

i yi

bi pi mi

di ti ni li

ji qi xi

ia ya dia lia jia qia xia

iao yao biao piao miao diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao

ian yan bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian

iang yang niang liang jiang qiang xiang

ie ye bie pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie

in yin bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin

ing ying bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing

iong yong jiong qiong xiong

iu(iou) you miu diu niu liu jiu qiu xiu

u

u wu

bu pu mu fu du tu nu lu gu ku hu zu cu su zhu chu shu ru

ua wa

gua kua hua

zhua chua shua rua

uai wai guai kuai huai zhuai chuai shuai

uan wan duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zuan cuan suan zhuan chuan shuan ruan

uang wang guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang

ui(uei) wei dui tui gui kui hui zui cui sui zhui chui shui rui

un(uen) wen dun tun nun lun gun kun hun zun cun sun zhun chun shun run

uo wo duo tuo nuo luo guo kuo huo zuo cuo suo zhuo chuo shuo ruo

ueng weng

yu

n l

ju qu xu

an yuan juan quan xuan

e yue ne le jue que xue

n yun jun qun xun

5

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shngdio

: ( ) ( ) () ( )

( ) 55 b p g k

b p m f

n l d t

m n j q

z c b p

n l y q

( ) 35 z c zh ch

b p m f

g z s r

n l j q

zh ch sh r

n l y x

() 214 h f n l

b p m f

m d t n

b p d t

d t n l

j q n l

( ) 51 d t m p

b p m f

g k h r

j q x y

g k h f

j q x y

1. b b b b b

2. m m m m m

3. p p p p p

4. w w w w w

5. d d d d de

6. g g g g g

7. h h h h h

8. n n n n n

5

4

3

2

1

6

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9.0 d d d d d

10. sh sh sh sh sh

11. g g g g g

12. q q q q q

b p d t h f g k b p d t

k b p d t d t h f h f j

y l r l q b zh z y l j q

2 1 3 1 b - b p - p m - m m - m - m t - t - t f - f d - d t - t n - n - n l - l - l n - n l - l k - k j - j - j q - q - q g - g h - h h - h x - x - x z - z - z

4 1

y - y - y - y w - w - w - w y - y - y - y - - - b - b - b - b b - b - b - b

b - b - b - b p - p - p - p x - x - x - x

x - x - x - x zh - zh - zh - zh sh - sh - sh - sh

1. a o e i u yo () zu () ji ()

# i i y () xn () gu ()

# zhuzi () wnshang () lubo ()

7

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2. i i i y ia ya ie ye iao yao iou you

ian yan iang yang

# i y i i yi in yin ing ying

# y

yu e yue an yuan n yun

# u u u w ua wa uo wo uai wai uan wan uen wen uang wang

uei wei ueng weng

# u w u u wu

# a o e ( )( = gynfho) ki () kui () xn () xin ()

shng () shng () dngn () dngn ()

5. iou,uei,uen iu, ui, un d + iou diu x + iou xiu

zh + uei zhui g + uei gui

c + uen cun t + uen tun

iu, ui ji di zu hu

8

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6. n l n () n () l () l ()

# j q x j + j () x + x ()

q + e qu () j + e ju ()

7. W sh loshi. W sh xusheng.

8. L Bi () Bijng () Zhnggu ()

9. JIEFANG SIXIANG JIANSHE ZHONGHUA

Jiefang Sixiang Jianshe Zhonghua

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

9

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D

y

k

W

de

ji

1

wigng

wip

yye

ni

nai

m

ma

bba

gge

ddi

mimei

jijie

w

10

1500128

11

1500128

12

1500128

13

1500128

bba de mma ninai

( dngy) n de b w de ji

de de

de

14

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Bba de ch

ch

b

sh

y

fu

15

1500128

T sh w de bba.

sh //

t ()

t ()

16

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T sh n de bba ma ? ?

T b sh w de bba.

T sh w de gge.

: 2

1. b 1,2 3 b

ch

b

li

b ho

2. b 4 b

sh

b

q

b

zi

b

ma

n

17

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15

18

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T sh she

?

T sh w de yye.

she

19

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Tmen sh she

?

Tmen sh w de bba h mma.

h /

men (tmen

,nmen

,wmen

)

20

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w

w h bba

1.

jijie h wigng

2.

mma h ninai

3.

wip h mimei

4.

yye h ddi

5.

t mma sh de w 1.

t sh b w gge de 2.

de sh mma bba ninai 3.

mma wip de mma sh 4.

mma ma mma sh de ninai 5.

21

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Qngqng

jisho

zj

de

ji

rn

N

ho

W

jio

Qngqng

W

ji

yu

4s

g

rn

yu

bba

mma

gge

h

w

W

de

bba

h

gge

sh

yshng

W

de

mma

sh

losh

W

sh

dxushng

N

ho

W

jio