HA HC LIPID

BS. HONG HIU NGC

MC TIU

NU C TNH CHT CA LIPID PHN BIT C CC LOI LIPID V THNH PHN HA HC V CHC NNG PHN TCH C C IM CU TO, PHN LOI ACID BO

C IM CHUNG V LIPID

NHM CC HP CHT HU C, CU TO A DNG KHNG TAN HOC T TAN TRONG NC (DUNG MI PHN CC) D TAN TRONG DUNG MI HU C (KHNG PHN CC) D TR NNG LNG THNH PHN VT CHT CA MNG SINH HC VAI TR SINH HC QUAN TRNG HAI THNH PHN CHNH: ALCOL V ACID BO C TH KT HP VI GLUCID (GLYCOLIPID); PROTEIN (LIPOPROTEIN)

PHN LOI

LIPID THY PHN C (LIPID THT, LIPIDX PHNG HA)

LIPID KHNG THY PHN C(LIPOID, LIPID KHNG X PHNG HA)

LIPID THY PHN CC CHA LIN KT ESTER

LIPID THUN

THNH PHN: C, H, O VD: GLYCERID, CERID, STERID

LIPID TP

THNH PHN: C, H, O, P, N, S PHOSPHATID, SPHINGOLIPID, GLYCOLIPID, SULFATID

LIPID KHNG THY PHN C KHNG CHA LIN KT ESTER (VD: ACID BO T DO) ALCOL MCH DI, BC CAO ALCOL VNG (STEROL) V DN XUT (MUI MT, ACID MT, HORMON SINH DC) VITAMIN TAN TRONG M TERPEN

THEO VAI TR, CHC NNG CA LIPIDLIPID D TR LIPID MNGTRIACYLGLYCEROL

PHOSPHOLIPID GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID SPHINGOLIPID GLYCOLIPID SPHINGOLIPID CHOLESTEROL HORMON STEROID EICOSANOID PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL VITAMIN A, D, E, K QUINON

LIPID C HOT TNH SINH HC

ACID BO

C IM CHUNG

L ACID HU C MONOCARBOXYL: R COOH DNG T DO, DNG LIN KT ESTER HOC AMID TRONG T NHIN: S CARBON CHN

C IM CHUNG

VAI TR QUAN TRNG TRONG CHUYN HA C TH MI TRNG pH SINH L: DNG ION M DNG T DO V ION M: T/KHNG BAO GI TN TI TRONG T BO C TH SNG LUN DNG KT HP

DANH PHP(*) 1. TN THNG THNG 2. TN H THNG. TN MCH CARBON + OIC BO HA (NI N): +ANOIC KHNG BO HA (NI I): +ENOIC

C15H31COOH acid palmitic (tn thng thng) acid hexadecanoic (tn h thng)

C17H33COOH acid oleic (tn thng thng) acid octadecenoic (tn h thng)

CCH NH S CARBON CA ACID BO1. THEO CH S: 1, 2, .n:- C1: CARBON CA NHM COOH - Cn: CARBON CUI CNG

2. THEO CH HY LP:C : CARBON CA NHM -CH2- ST NHM COOH C: CARBON CUI CNG DI ACID BO: K HIU BNG S NGUYN T CARBON S LIN KT I: K HIU S, SAU DU : V TR LIN KT I: K HIU TRONG NGOC N

V D ACID PALMITIC 16:0 ACID OLEIC 18:1 (9) ACID LINOLEIC 18:2 (9,12) BUTYRIC ACID - 4:0 LINOLENIC ACID - 18:3 (9,12,15) ARACHIDONIC ACID - 20:4 (5,8,11,14) EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID - 20:5 (5,8,11,14,17) DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID - 22:6 (4,7,10,13,16,19)

PHN LOI ACID BO MCH NGN HOC TRUNG BNH (4 14C) MCH DI (> 16C) MCH RT DI (>22C) ACID BO KHNG NO PROSTAGLADIN (PG); THROMBOXAN; LEUCOTRIEN

MCH NGN HOC TRUNG BNH (4 14C)

ACID BO NO KH HA TAN KHNG THAM GIA VO CU TRC MNG T BO, BO QUAN TO NNG LNG

MCH DI (> 16C)

THNG GP: 16, 18, 20C DNG NO (BO HA) DNG KHNG NO (KHNG BO HA) DNG MCH VNG (PROGTAGLANDIN) TO NNG LNG D TR NNG LNG THAM GIA VO CU TRC MNG T BO, BO QUAN

MCH RT DI (>22C)

KH TAN V MCH CARBON K NC RT DI THNH PHN CU TO MNG SINH HC BN DHA docosahexaenoic acid 22:7 (6, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 )

ACID BO KHNG NO

18 20C CHIA LM 2 LOI DA THEO S LIN KT I:MT LIN KT I (AB KHNG NO N) NHIU LIN KT I (AB KHNG NO KP)

1 LIN KT I: 9 NHNG LIN KT I KHC: 12, 15. TT C U DNG NG PHN CIS, IM NNG CHY THP HN DNG NO.

CC H ACID BO KHNG NOH 7 hay n-7 9 hay n-9 6 hay n-6 3 hay n-3 V D Palmitoleic 16:1,9 Oleic 18:1,9 Linoleic 18:2, 9, 12 Linolenic 18:3, 9, 12, 15

H ACID BO n-3: EPA eicosapentenoic acid C20:5 DHA docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 Pht trin t bo no thi k u ca qu trnh sinh trng tr em.

Nhm

acid eicosanoic: t acid arachidonic 20:4 (5, 8, 11, 14) tin cht ca nhiu cht c hot tnh sinh hc rt a dng (prostaglandin, thromboxane, leucotrien)

NHM ACID EICOSANOICGM: 1. PROSTANOIDS V LEUKOTRIENES (LTs) 2. LIPOXINS (LXs) PROSTANOIDS: - PROSTAGLANDIN (PGs) - PROSTACYCLINS (PGIs) - THROMBOXANES (TXs)

PROSTAGLADIN (PG)

M NG VT C XNG SNG VAI TR SINH HC PHC TP, A DNG TY LOI, TY I TNG. NH 1 LOI NI TIT T, CHT THNG TIN TH HAI H HUYT P, KCH THCH CO C TRN, IU HA CHUYN HA v.v.

PHN LOI PROSTAGLADINS

PHN NHM TAN TRONG ETHER PGE: C9 C NHM CHC CETON HOT HA ADENYLCYSLASE TRONG TNG HP AMP VNG

PHN NHM TAN TRONG M PHOSPHAT PGF C9 C NHM CHC ALCOL KCH THCH CO C TRN

THROMBOXANS

U TIN C TCH T TIU CU THAM GIA CH YU VO QU TRNH NG MU

LEUKOTRIENES

U TIN C TCH T BCH CU NHM CHT VN CHUYN TN HIU SINH HC PH RNG

TNH CHT VT L PH AB

THUC VO CHIU DI V NO CA MCH CARBON ACID BO NO C 12 24C DNG RN (NHIT PHNG) TRONG KHI AB KHNG NO DNG LNG.

TNH CHT VT L MCH

CNG DI CNG KH TAN TRONG NC MCH CNG DI NHIT NNG CHY CNG TNG

TNH CHT HA HC

PHN NG TO X PHNG (PHN NG TRUNG HA) PHN NG KH PHN NG TO ESTER PHN NG OXY HA PHN NG HALOGEN HA

VAI TR SINH HC ACID BO

NHM CARBOXYL THAM GIA TO LIN KT ESTER HOC AMID VI NHNG CHT KHC MCH HYDROCARBON QUYT NH: TNH K NC XY DNG MNG CCH NHIT. D TR V TO NNG LNG (MCH C)

GLYCERID (ACYLGLYCEROL)

CU TOESTER CA GLYCEROL V ACID BO BAO GM: MONOGLYCERID MONOGLYCERID DIGLYCERID - DIGLYCERID TRIGLYCERID

TRIACYLGLYCERO LS

DNG D TR ACID BO TRONG SINH VT L TRIESTERS CA AB V GLYCEROL CNG THC CU TO

H2C O C R1 HC O C R2 H2C O C R3

=O

=O

=O

H2C O C R1 HC O C R2 H2C O C R3

=O

R1, R2, R3 L GC HYDROCARBON CA ACID BO A PHN T NHNG ACID BO KHC NHAU DU: TRIGLYCERID CA AB BN BO HA M: TRIGLYCERID CA AB BO HA

=O

=O

(a) ACID BO BO HA (b) ACID BO BN BO HA

(c) CU TRC TINH TH CA ACID BO BO HA (d) CU TRC TINH TH CA ACID BO BN BO HA

CU TRC BO HA KT HP CHT VI NHAU TO THNH CU TRC BN TINH TH C HNH DNG NHT NH CU TRC BN BO HA TH KT HP LNG LO NN KHNG C CU TRC NHT NH

TRIACYLGLYCERO LS D

TR NNG LNG (*) TO NHIT CCH NHIT TO CHT M CHE CH CC C QUAN NI TNG BN TRONG KHI NHNG TC NHN C HC

TRIACYLGLYCEROLS

D TR NNG LNG ? NGUYN T CARBON DNG TI GIN HON TON TO NNG LNG TI A TRONG QU TRNH OXY HA TNH K NC, KHNG HYDRAT HA D TR LNG LN M KHNG THM KHI LNG NC

PHOSPHATID

C IM CHUNG

LIPID X PHNG HA C LIPID TP L DN XUT CA acid L phosphatidic

R

PO3-

ACID BO

GLYCEROLACID BO

NHIU LOI PHOSPHATID:

Phosphatidyl ethanolamin (cephalin) Phosphatidyl cholin (lecithin) Phosphatidyl serin Phosphatidyl inositol (Inositid) Phosphatidyl glycerol Diphosphatidyl glycerol (cardiolipin) Plasmalogen

PHOSPHATIDTNH CHT LNG CC

PHN KHNG PHN CC: GLYCEROL C ESTER HA VI 2 PHN T ACID BO PHN PHN CC: ACID PHOSPHORIC BASE NIT

TNH CHT PHOSPHATID

KHNG HA TAN TRONG NC NHNG CHO DNG DUNG DCH KEO GI DO TNH CHT LNG CC NN CC PHOSPHOLIPID C KH NNG TO THNH HT MICEL, LP MNG I

TNH CHT PHOSPHATID

LECITHIN TAN TRONG HU HT DUNG MI CHT BO, TA TRONG ACETON CEPHALIN TAN TRONG NHNG DUNG MI CHT BO, TA TRONG ACETON V ETHANOL

HT MIXEN

DI TC DNG CA CC PHOSPHOLIPASE A, B, C, D CC PHOSPHOLIPID D DNG B THY PHN

PHOSPHOLIPASE DNG XC NH THNH PHN CU TO CA PHOSPHOLIPID

VAI TR SINH HC

PHOSPHATID (LECITHIN) L THNH PHN CU TO CHNH CA MNG T BO (MNG I) ACID ARACHIDONIC TRONG THNH PHN CC PHOSPHATID CU TO MNG C TH D DNG TCH RA THNH DNG PHOSPHOLIPASE TNG NG

VAI TR SINH HC

LECITHIN GI VAI TR QUAN TRNG TRONG VIC HNH THNH CC PHC HP LIPOPROTEIN HUYT TNG, VN CHUYN CC LIPID GIA GAN V M DIPALMITYL LECITHIN: LM CHO 2 L MNG PHI KHNG B DNH LI.

VAI TR SINH HC

CEPHALIN: GIAI ON TO THROMBOPLASTIN CA QU TRNH NG MU, NGUN CUNG CP ACID PHOSPHORIC TO T BO MI. PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL DIPHOSPHAT: TiN CHT TO TN HIU THNG TIN NI BO, CHUYN HA CALCI.

CERID

CERID (SP THT)

ESTER CA ACID BO (NO V CHA NO) TH RN NHIT THNG KHNG TAN TRONG NC, T TAN TRONG RU, TAN TRONG DUNG MI HU C, THY PHN TRONG MI TRNG KIM CHT CHNG THM SINH HC

STERID (STERYL ESTER)

ESTER CA ALCOL VNG V ACID BO CHOLESTERID (CHOLESTEROL ESTER) = ESTER CA CHOLESTEROL V ACID BO

SPHINGOLIPID

SPHINGOLIPID

L ESTER CA AMINOALCOL SPHINGOSIN V ACID BO GM: 1. SPHINGOPHOSPHATID 2. GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID

THNH PHN LIPID CA MNG SINH HC

Gm 4 nhm chnh: 1. GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS 2. SPHINGOLIPIDS 3. GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS 4. GLYCOGLYCEROLIPIDS

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS

BN CHT L PHOSPHOLIPID (PHOSPHATID) HAI ACID BO GN C1 V C2 CA GLYCEROL BNG LK ESTER MT GC PHN CC CAO HOC MANG IN TCH GN C3 BNG LK PHOSPHODIESTER

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS

C1: ACID BO BO HA C16 C18 C2: ACID BO BN BO HA C18 C20 THNH PHN THAY I TY LOI VI SINH VT, TY LOI M TRONG C TH

SPHINGOLIPIDS

1 U PHN CC V 2 U KHNG PHN CC KHNG C GLYCEROL

Sphingosine

Acid bo

CeramideX

X

CERAMIDE L CU TRC CT LI CA TT C SPHINGOLIPIDS BA PHN NHM SPHINGOLIPIDS: 1. SPHINGOMYELIN 2. GLYCOLIPIDS TRUNG TNH 3. GANGLIOSIDES

SPHINGOMYELIN

U PHN CC C: PHOSPHOCHOLINE HOC PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE C CU TRC TNG NG VI PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE

SPHINGOMYELIN

GLYCOLIPIDS TRUNG TNH

Glycosphingolipids Cerebrosides Globosides pH = 7: trung ha v in tch C mng bo tng t bo

Gangliosides

SPHINGOLIPIDS PHC TP NHT OLIGOSACCHARIDES U PHN CC N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID (NEU5AC), MT SIALIC ACID U TN

NHNG BNH DI TRUYN LIN QUAN N CHUYN HA SPHINGOLIPIDBNH THIU ENZYM CHT TRUNG GIAN B TRIU CHNG TCH T GM1 ganglioside THIU NNG TM THN, BIN DNG XNG THIU NNG TM THN, M, YU C SUY THN (NAM) GAN LCH TO, THIU NNG TM THN GAN LCH TO, THIU NNG TM THN, CHT SM THIU NNG TM THN MT MYELIN GM1 galactosidase gangliosidosis Tay Sachs

N GM2 gangliside Acetylhexosaminidas eA galactosidase A glucosidase Sphingomyelinase Trihexosylceramide Glucosylceramide Sphingomyelin

Fabry Gaucher Niemann Pick Krabbe

galactosidase

galactosylceramide

STEROID V DN XUT

STEROID L MT NHM LN TRONG T NHIN C CHA NHN STERAN CC STEROID QUAN TRNG: CHOLESTEROL, ACID MT, MUI MT VITAMIN D HORMON STEROID (HORMON SINH DC, HORMON V THNG THN)

NHN STERAN

Cyclopentanoper hydrophenanthren

STEROL

L DN XUT CA NHN STERAN PHN LN MCH NHNH C17 (T 5 10C)

CHOLESTEROL

- VNG CARBON NH THEO K T A, B, C, D - NHM OH C3 L U PHN CC - VAI TR D TR V VN CHUYN BNG CCH KT HP VI ACID BO TO THNH STEROL ESTER

CHOLESTEROL

CHOLESTEROL

CHT TIU BIU CA CC STEROL C TRONG HU HT T BO C TH KHNG TAN TRONG NC, ACID, KIM TAN TRONG ETE, CHLOROFORM, BANZEN, ALCOL NNG, TAN 1 PHN TRONG DUNG DCH C CHA MUI MT

CHOLESTEROL

NHIU TRONG M THN KINH, SI MT, TH VNG CA BUNG TRNG TRONG DCH C TH, DI DNG T DO HOC ESTER HA VI ACID BO. TIN CHT CA NHIU STEROID C HAT TNH SINH HC QUAN TRNG (ACID MT, MUI MT, VITAMIN D, HORMON SINH DC, HORMON V THNG THN)

CC STEROL KHC

7 DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL C NHIU DA, DU C, L TiN CHT VITAMIN D ERGOSTEROL: C TRONG NM MEN, LA MCH

ERGOSTEROL

7 DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL

ACID MT, MUI MT

L DN XUT CA ACID CHOLANIC (24C) TY THEO V TR CA CC NHM OH C3, C7 V C12 S C CC ACID MT KHC NHAU

ACID MT, MUI MT

OH C3, C7, C12: ACID CHOLIC OH C3, C12: ACID DEOXYCHOLIC OH C3, C7: ACID CHENODEOXYCHOLIC OH C3: ACID LITHOCHOLIC

ACID CHOLIC

HORMON STEROID

DN XUT CHOLESTEROL 18C: TO NN ESTROGEN (PHENOL STEROID) 19C: TO NN CC ANDROGEN (HORMON SINH DC NAM) 20C: TO NN CORTICOID HAY CORTICOSTEROID

LIPOPROTEI N

LIPID C VN CHUYN BNG CCH KT HP VI PROTEIN TO THNH LIPOPROTEIN (LP) HUYT TNG. CC PROTEIN KT HP VI LIPID TRONG LP GI L APOPROTEIN (APOLIPOPROTEIN)

MT S HNH NH V CU TO CA LIPOPROTEIN

APOPROTEIN

CC LOI APOPROTEIN U C CU TRC HNH CU PHT HIN C QUA KNH HIN VI IN T

APOPROTEIN1. TRN B MT CC PHN T LP, CC APOPROTEIN N NH CU TRC CA LP, GIP LP PHN TN, VN CHUYN C TRONG MU 2. NHN DIN TH TH MNG T BO

APOPROTEIN3. IU HA HAT TNH CC ENZYM THAM GIA CHUYN HA CA CC LP 4. L PROTEIN CHUYN VN, APOPROTEIN D DNG TRAO I PHN LIPID GIA CC LP

V D: APO C II: HOT HA QU TRNH THY PHN TG BI LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE THIU APO C II TNG TG MU

APO E: LIN QUAN N BNH ALZHEIMER KHI DNG NG HP LN

Trng lng phn t ca cc loi apoprotein huyt tng ngiAI B 100 C III 28,300 513,000 9,300 A II CI D 17,400 7,000 35,000 B 48 C II E 241,000 10,000 33,000

PHN LOI APOPROTEIN

CHIA THEO H, T THEO CH CI A, B, C, D, E TRONG CNG 1 H: NU C THAY I CU TRC BC 1 TH THM S LA M (I, II, III)

APOPROTEIN A

GM APO A I V A II APO A I: C 6 NG DNG (ISOFORM) THNH PHN APO CHNH CA HDL GEN NST 11

APOPROTEIN B

B 48 TNG HP RUT L APO CA CM

B 100 TNG HP GAN THNH PHN CA C 4 LOI LP

APOPROTEIN C

GM 3 ISOPROTEIN C I, C II, C III (C III0, C III1, C III2) KHI I: TRONG HDL KHI NO: TRONG CM, VLDL APO C I : (+) LACT, (-) PHOSPHOLIPASE A2

APOPROTEIN E

TNG HP GAN C 3 DNG: E3: PH BIN E4: CYSTEIN 112 ARGININ E2: ARGININ 158 CYSTEIN

C 6 KIU HNH

LIPOPROTEIN

LIPOPROTEIN L I PHN T PHC HP HNH CU, NH HN HNG CU, VN CHUYN CC LIPID HUYT TNG K NC, C BIT L CHOLESTEROL V TRIGLYCERID.

LIPOPROTEIN

LP C CU TO 2 LP: LI TRUNG TM V O B MT LI: LIPID K NC (TG V CE) O B MT: PROTEIN V LIPID PHN CC (C V PL)

LIPOPROTEIN

PHN LOI LIPOPROTEIN1. CHYLOMICRON 2. VLDL 3. LDL 4. HDL

CHYLOMICRO N 750 1000 nm, LN NHT TO RA RUT VN CHUYN LIPID TRUNG TNH V GAN THNH PHN LIPID CH YU L TRIGLYCERID

VLDL VERY

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN VN CHUYN TG T GAN TI M NGOI BIN (CN LI CHOLESTEROL)

LDL LOW

DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHUYN CHOLESTEROL V M

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

HDL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN KCH THC NH NHT CHUYN PHN CHOLESTEROL D THA T M NGAI BIN V GAN.

c im ca mt s loi lipoprotein huyt tng ngiCM T trng Thnh phn Protein Triacylglycerol Cholesterol ester PL Apoprotein 2 86 3 7 8 55 12 18 22 6 42 22 40 45 4 12 20 25 30 A-I, A-II, C-I, CII, C-III, D, E < 0.95 VLDL 0.95 1.006 LDL HDL 1.019 1.063 1.063 1.210

A-I, A-II, B-48, B-100, C-I, C- B-100 B-100, C-I, C- II, C-III, E II, C-III

ApolipoproteinA I

LPHDL

PTL28.000

Ni tng hp Chc nngRUT, GAN YU T HOT HA LCAT THNH PHN CU TRC HDL THNH PHN CU TRC HDL KT HP VI LIPOPROTEIN GIU TG YU T HOT HA LCAT LIGANT CHO TH TH LDL TC DNG VI TH TH NHN ApoE T BO GAN CHA R KCH THCH T LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE NGOI GAN C CH S HP THU HT M CHUYN HA CHOLESTEROL GAN CHT KT NI VI TH TH CA CM, TH TH LDL

A-II A-IV

HDL CM, HDL

17.000 46.000

RUT, GAN RUT

B-100 B 48 CI C II C III D E

LDL, VLDL CM CM, VLDL, HDL VLDL, HDL, CM

550.000 260.000 7600 8916

GAN RUT, GAN GAN GAN GAN

VLDLD, HDL, CM 8750 HDL CM, VLDL, HDL 20.000 30.000

LCAT: LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE

VAI TR LIPOPROTEIN

LIPOPROTEIN GIP NH TNG HA 500 mg LNG LIPID C TH HP THU VO TRONG 100 ml MU SAU N TRONG 500 mg C: 120 mg TG 220 mg CHOLESTEROL 160 mg PHOSPHOLIPID

VAI TR LIPOPROTEIN

TNG TNH HA TAN CA CC LIPID LIPID D DNG C VN CHUYN TRONG MU GIA CC M. CC APOLIPOPROTEIN HOT HA ENZYM; C VAI TR C HIU I VI TH NHN LIPOPROTEIN CA T BO

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ha sinh y hc Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition) Harpers Biochemistry (24th edition) Biochemistry 3rd edition (Mathews, Van Holde, Ahern)