iea - glossary

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International Energy Agency >About us> Glossary

The following definitions reflect those used by the International Energy Agency (IEA); definitions used by other

organisations and publications may vary.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

AAU

assigned amount unit

active solar thermal


APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

API

American Petroleum Institute

APP

Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate

ARRA

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASHP

air-source heat pumps

Acronyms & Abbreviations Glossary of terms Units of Measure

Glossary
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AST


BAT

best available technology

BAU

business-as-usual, implying no change in policies, no government intervention

BCC

biomass co-combustion

BEE

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (India)

BEV

battery electric vehicles

BF

blast furnace

BFBC

bubbling fluidised-bed combustion (boiler type)

BIGCC

biomass-integrated gasification with combined cycle

Bio-SNG

bio-synthetic natural gas

BOF

basic oxygen furnace

BPT

best practical technology

BRICBrazil, Russia, India, China

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

BRIICS

Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, South Africa

BTL
http://www.bee-india.nic.in/


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biomass-to-liquids

CAAGR

compound average annual growth rate

CAFE

corporate average fuel economy (standards in the US)

CAPEX

capital expenditures

CBE

Committee on Budget and Expenditure (of the IEA); also indicated as Budget Committee

CBM

coalbed methane

CBTLcoal-and-biomass-to-liquids

CCGT

combined-cycle gas turbine

CCHP

combined cooling, heat and power

CCRC

Climate Change Research Centre

CCS

carbon capture and storage

CCT

clean coal technologies

CCXG

Climate Change Experts Group

CDM

Clean Development Mechanism

CDQ

coke dry quenching

CDU

crude distillation unit
http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/index.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/document/44/0,3746,en_2649_34361_1904108_1_1_1_1,00.html


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CEM

Clean Energy Ministerial

CEQ

Council on Environmental Quality(United States)

CER

Certified Emission Reductions issued by CDM Executive Board, representing 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent

CERT

Committee on Energy Research and Technology (of the IEA)

CFBC

circulating fluidised-bed combustion (boiler technology)

CFI

commercial financial institutions

CFL

compact fluorescent lamp

CH4

methane

CHP

combined heat and power (generation)

CIAB

Coal Industry Advisory Board

CIF

Climate Investment Fund

CLEEN

Cluster for Energy and the Environment (Finland)

CMMcoal mine methane

CNG

compressed natural gas

CO

carbon monoxide

CO2
http://www.iea.org/ciab/http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/index.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ceq/


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carbon dioxide

CO2-eq

carbon-dioxide equivalent

COD

chemical oxygen demand

COG

coke-oven gas

COP

Conference of the Parties

CPC

Caspian Pipeline Consortium

CPOGTCollaborative Platform on Oil and Gas Technologies

CPRS

Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme

CSG

coal seam gas

CSH

concentrating solar heating

CSLF

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

CSM

coal seam methane

CSP

concentrating solar power

CSPG

China Southern Power Grid

CSS

cyclic steam stimulation

CTC

coal to chemicals
http://eng.csg.cn/http://www.cslforum.org/http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/convention_bodies/items/2629.php


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CTF

Clean Technology Fund (World Bank)

CTG

coal-to-gas

CTL

coal-to-liquids

DER

distributed energy resources, such as PV photo voltaic solar and wind

DFI

development finance institution

DH

district heating

DHC

district heating and cooling

DME

dimethyl ether

DOE

Department of Energy (United States)

DOI

Department of the Interior (United States)

DOT

Department of Transportation (United States)

DRI

direct reduced iron

E&Pexploration and production

EAF

electric arc furnace

EC

European Commission

ECA
http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htmhttp://www.dot.gov/http://www.doi.gov/index.cfmhttp://www.energy.gov/


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export credit agency

ECBM

enhanced coalbed methane recovery

EDI

Energy Development Index

EEA

European Economic Area

EERE

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy (United States)

EET

Emerging Energy Technologies Programme (United Kingdom)

EEWPEnergy Efficiency Working Party

EFRC

Energy Frontier Research Center (United States)

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EGR

enhanced gas recovery

EGRD

Experts Group on R&D Priority-Setting and Evaluation

EGSE

Experts Group on Science for Energy, (formerly known as theAd HocGroup on Science and Energy Technologies)

EIA

Energy Information Administration (United States)

EITs

economies in transition: Russia, Former Soviet Union (FSU) and East & Central Europe (ECE)

ENARD

electricity networks analysis, research and development

EOR

enhanced oil recovery
http://www.eia.doe.gov/http://www.iea.org/about/ahgset.asphttp://www.iea.org/about/experts.asphttp://www.efta.int/http://www.iea.org/about/eewp.asphttp://www.hse.gov.uk/eet/index.htmhttp://www.eere.energy.gov/http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/development_index.asp


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EPA

Environmental Protection Agency(United States)

EPC

engineering, procurement and construction

ERE

Emergency Response Exercise

ERR

Emergency Response Review

ERU

emission reduction units

ES

electricity storage

ESCO

energy service company

ESMIG

European Smart Meters Industry Group

ETBE

ethyl tertiary butyl ether

ETC

energy technology collaboration

ETI

Energy Technologies Institute (United Kingdom)

ETP

Energy Technology Perspectives(IEA publication)

ETSemissions trading scheme

EU

European Union

EU ETS

European Union Emissions Trading System

EUA
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htmhttp://europa.eu/index_en.htmhttp://www.iea.org/techno/etp/index.asphttp://www.energytechnologies.co.uk/Home.aspxhttp://www.epa.gov/


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European Union allowances

EUP

Energy-using product

EURIMA

European Mineral Wool Manufacturers Association

Eurostat

Eurostatis the statistical office of the European Union

EUWP

Working Party on Energy End-Use Technologies

EV

electric vehicle

ExternEexternal costs of energy (research project of the European Commission)

FAME

fatty acid methyl ester

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FBC

fluidised bed combustion

FCV

fuel-cell vehicles

FDI

foreign direct investment

FERC

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (United States)

FFV

flex-fuel vehicle

FID

final investment decision

FIT

feed-in tariff
http://www.ferc.gov/http://www.fao.org/http://www.iea.org/about/euwp.asphttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://www.eurima.org/


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FOB

free-on-board

FP

framework programmes for research and technology development

FPCC

Fusion Power Co-ordinating Committee(Fusion Working Party)

FSU

Former Soviet Union

FYP

five-year plan

G20

group of 20 finance ministers and central bank governors. The group is made up of all G8 members, plus Argentina,

Australia, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey. The EuropeanUnion is the twentieth member.

G2V

grid-to-vehicle

G8

group of eight industrialised nations Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and the

United States.

GCCSI

Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute

GDP

gross domestic product

GFCF

gross fixed capital formation

GHG

greenhouse gases

GHP

geothermal heat pumps

GIS

geographic information systems

GIS

Green Investment Scheme
http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/http://www.iea.org/about/FPCC.asp


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GREET

The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation Model

GSHP

ground-source heat pumps

GTL

gas-to-liquids

H2

hydrogen

H20

water

HAPs

hazardous air pollutants

HC

hydrocarbons

HDI

Human Development Index

HDV

heavy-duty vehicle

HDVC

high voltage direct current

HFCV

hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

HFO

heavy fuel oil

hi NUChigh nuclear scenario (in IEA modelling and publications)

hi REN

high renewables scenario (in IEA modelling and publications)

HLW

high-level waste

HPI


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Human Poverty Index

HSE

Health & Safety Executive (United Kingdom)

HSPF

heating seasonal performance factor

HSR

high-speed rail

HTS

high temperature superconductor

HVAC

heating, ventilation and air conditioning

HVChigh-value chemical

HVDC

high-voltage direct current line

IA

Implementing Agreements also known as (of the IEA):

Advanced Fuel Cells (AFCIA)

Advanced Materials for Transportation (AMT IA)

Advanced Motor Fuels (AMF IA)

Bioenergy (Bioenergy IA)

Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS IA)

Clean Coal Centre (CCC IA)

Climate Technology Initiative (CTI IA)

Co-operation on Tokamak Programmes (CTP IA)

Demand-Side Management (DSM IA)

District Heating and Cooling, including the Integration of Combined Heat and Power (DHC IA)

Efficient Electrical End-Use Equipment (4E IA)

Electricity Networks Analysis, Research & Development (ENARD IA)

Emissions Reduction in Combustion (Combustion IA)

Energy Storage (ECES IA)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE IA)

Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP IA)

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR IA)

Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power (ESE Fusion Power IA)

Fluidized Bed Conversion (FBC IA)

Fusion Materials (Fusion Materials IA)

Geothermal (Geothermal IA)

Greenhouse Gas (GHG IA)

Heat Pumping Technologies (Heat Pumps IA)
http://www.hse.gov.uk/


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High-Temperature Superconductivity on the Electric Power Sector (HTS IA)

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV IA)

Hydrogen (Hydrogen IA)

Hydropower (Hydropower IA)

Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems (IETS IA)

Multiphase Flow Sciences (Multiphase IA)

Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors (NTFR IA)

Ocean Energy Systems (OES IA)

Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS IA)

Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR (Textor IA)

Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (RETD IA)

Reversed Field Pinches (RFP IA)

Smart Grids

Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC IA)

SolarPACES (SolarPACES IA)

Spherical Tori (Spherical Tori IA)

Stellarator-Heliotron Concept (Stellarator/Heliotron IA)

Wind Energy Systems (Wind IA)

IABIndustry Advisory Board (of the IEA)

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICE

internal combustion engine

ICRP

Initial Contingency Response Plan

ICT

information and communications technologies

ICUK

Innovation China-United Kingdom

IDR

In-Depth Reviews (IEA publications focusing on specific countries)

IEA

International Energy Agency

IEF

International Energy Forum

IEP

integrated energy policy
http://www.ief.org/Pages/index.aspxhttp://www.iea.org/techno/ia.asphttp://www.iaea.org/


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IEP Agreement

Agreement on an International Energy Program

IGCC

integrated gasification combined cycle

IIGCC

Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change

ILCETP

International Low-Carbon Energy Technology Platform

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

INCR

Investor Network on Climate Risk

IOC

international oil company

IOE

International Organisation of Employers

IOF

industries of the future

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPEEC

International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation

IPOinitial public offering

IPP

independent power producer

IPR

intellectual property rights

IRENA
http://www.ipcc.ch/http://www.ioe-emp.org/http://www.incr.com/http://www.imf.org/external/index.htmhttp://www.iea.org/aboutus/glossary/International%20Labour%20Organizationhttp://www.iigcc.org/http://www.iea.org/about/docs/IEP.PDF


15/26



The International Renewable Energy Agency

IRR

internal rates of return

ISL

in situ leaching

ISO

International Organisation for Standardisation

ITER

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, a collaborative organisation to establish fusion as a new source of

energy.

ITUC

International Trade Union Confederation

JI

joint implementation under Kyoto Protocol

JODI

Joint Organisations Data Initiative(IEA database)

kWe

kilowatt electrical capacity

KWES

(booklet published by the IEA)

LBNL

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

LCD

liquid crystal display

LCETP

Low-Carbon Energy Technology Platform

LCOE

levelised cost of energy

LCV

light commercial vehicle

LDC
http://www.lbl.gov/http://www.jodidata.org/http://www.ituc-csi.org/http://www.iter.org/http://www.iso.org/iso/home.htmlhttp://www.irena.org/


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least-developed country

LDV

light-duty vehicle

LED

light-emitting diode

LEDC

least economically developed country

LFR

linear Fresnel reflectors

LHV

lower heating value

LNGliquefied natural gas

LOR

licence of right

LPG

liquefied petroleum gas

LRMC

long run marginal cost

LULUCF

land-use, land-use change and forestry

M&A

mergers and acquisitions

MARKAL model

Market allocation model

MCFC

molten carbonate fuel cells

MDB

multilateral development bank

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals(United Nations)
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/http://www.iea.org/aboutus/glossary/glossary_M.asp


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MEF

Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MEP

minimum energy performance

MEPS

minimum energy performance standard

MER

market exchange rate

MNRE

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)

MOE

molten oxide electrolysis

MoMo

mobility modelling (transport sector model developed by the IEA)

MOP

Meeting of the Parties

MOTMR

(publication of the IEA)

MSC

multiple service contract

MTBE

methyl tertiary butyl ether

MTOmethanol-to-olefin

N2O

nitrous oxide

NAMA

nationally appropriate mitigation action

NAP
http://www.mnre.gov.in/http://www.majoreconomiesforum.org/


18/26



national allocation plan, under the EU ETS, each government must produce a national allocation plan

NAPCC

National Action Plan on Climate Change (India)

NBP

national balancing point

NDRC

National Development and Reform Commission (China)

NEA

Nuclear Energy Agency(an agency within the OECD)

NEC

National Energy Commission (China)

NEDCNew European Driving Cycle

NEEDS

New Energy Externalities Development for Sustainability (research project for the European Commission)

NEET

Network of Expertise in Energy Technology, an initiative to enhance collaboration between OECD and non-member

countries (launched in May 2006)

NEP

National Electricity Policy (India)

NESO

National Emergency Strategy Organisation (from the IEAs Emergency Policy Division)

NET

Network Unit (within the IEA Energy Technology Policy [ETP] Division)

NEWNE

Synchronous grid operation of northern, eastern, western and north-eastern grids (India)

NGCC

natural gas combined cycle

NGL

natural gas liquid

NGO
http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/national_electricity_policy.htmhttp://www.oecd-nea.org/http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/http://pmindia.nic.in/climate_change.htm


19/26



non-governmental organisation

NGOC

natural gas open-cycle

NGV

natural gas vehicle

NIMBY

not in my back yard

NMEE

National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (India)

NOC

national oil company

NOxnitrogen oxides

NSM

National Solar Mission (India)

NTP

National Tariff Policy (India)

NYMEX

New York Mercantile Exchange

NZEC

near-zero emissions coal project

O&M

operation and maintenance

OCGT

open-cycle gas turbine

OCM

oxidative coupling of methane

ODA

official development assistance

ODI

outward direct investment
http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/alldocs/15659.pdf


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OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEM

original equipment manufacturer

OHF

open-hearth furnace

OLADE

Organizacion Latinoamericana de Energia

OLIS

Online Information System, an OECD/IEA system for submitting official documents for OECD and IEA committees,

standing groups and working parties

OME

other major economies

OMR

Oil Market Report(IEA publication)

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

ORC

organic Rankine cycle

OSTP

Office of Science and Technology Policy (United States)

OTEC

ocean thermal energy conversion

p.p.

percentage points

PAFC

phosphoric acid fuel cells

PAR

performance appraisal report

PCC

pulverised coal combustion
http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostphttp://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/http://www.oilmarketreport.org/http://www.olade.org.ec/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,2987,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html


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PCFV

Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles

PCI

pulverised coal injection

PDS

public distribution system

PE

private equity

PEFC

polymer electrolyte fuel cells

PEM

proton exchange membrane

PHEV

plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

PLDV

passenger light-duty vehicle

PM

particulate matter

PM2.5

particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less

PPI

Private Participation in Infrastructure

PPP

purchasing power parity

PSAproduction-sharing agreement

PV

photovoltaic

R&D

research and development

RD&D
http://www.unep.org/transport/pcfv/


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research, development and demonstration

RDD&D

research, development, demonstration and deployment

RE

renewable energy (renewables)

RECaBS

renewable energy costs and benefits for society

REP

rural electrification policy (India)

RES

renewable energy sources

RET(s)renewable energy technology(ies)

REWP

Working Party on Renewable Energy Technologies

RGGI

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (United States)

ROW

rest of the world

RPK

revenue passenger kilometers

SA

sectoral agreement

SAGD

steam-assisted gravity drainage

SBN

Sustainable Buildings Network

SC

supercritical

SCCF

Special Climate Change Fund
http://unfccc.int/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/special_climate_change_fund/items/3657.phphttp://www.iea.org/sbn/http://www.rggi.org/homehttp://www.iea.org/about/rewp.htm


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SCO

synthetic crude oil

SEQ

The Standing Group on Emergency Questions(of the IEA)

SGCC

State Grid Corporation of China

SGD

Standing Group on Global Energy Dialogue(of the IEA)

SLT

Standing Group on Long-Term Co-operation(of the IEA)

SNG

synthetic natural gas

SO2

sulphur dioxide

SOFC

solid oxide fuel cells

SOM

Standing Group on the Oil Market(of the IEA)

SRMC

short-run marginal cost

SUV

sport-utility vehicle

SWF

sovereign wealth funds

Synfuelsynthetic fuel

Syngas

synthetic gas

T&D

transmission and distribution (of electricity)

TAME
http://www.iea.org/about/stansom.htmhttp://www.iea.org/about/stanslt.htmhttp://www.iea.org/about/stansgd.htmhttp://www.sgcc.com.cn/ywlm/default.shtmlhttp://www.iea.org/about/stanseq.htm


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tertiary amyl methyl ether

TCB

Energy Training & Capacity Building Programme (of the IEA)

TERI

The Energy and Resources Institute (India)

TFC

total final consumption

TGC

tradable green certificate

TPED

total primary energy demand

TPEStotal primary energy supply

TTW

tank-to-wheel

UAE

United Arab Emirates

UCG

underground coal gasification

ULCOS

ultra-low CO2 steelmaking

UN

United Nations

UN COMTRADE

United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme
http://www.unep.org/http://www.undp.org/http://www.unctad.org/Templates/StartPage.asp?intItemID=2068http://comtrade.un.org/http://www.un.org/http://www.teriin.org/index.php


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UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

UNIPEDE

International Union of Producers and Distributors of Electrical Energy

UNSD

United Nations Statistics Division

US AID

United States Agency for International Development

USC

ultra-supercritical

USCSC

ultra-supercritical steam cycle

USGS

United States Geological Survey

UT

union territories (India)

V2G

vehicle-to-grid

varRE or VRE

variable renewable energy

VC

venture capital

VCvoluntary contribution (IEA funding mechanism)

VOC

volatile organic compound

WBCSD

World Business Council for Sustainable Development

WEC
http://www.wbcsd.org/templates/TemplateWBCSD5/layout.asp?MenuID=1http://www.usgs.gov/http://www.usaid.gov/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htmhttp://www.unido.org/http://unfccc.int/2860.php


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WHO

World Health Organization

WPFF

Working Party on Fossil Fuels

WRI

World Resources Institute

WTIWest Texas Intermediate (crude oil category)

WTO

World Trade Organization

WTT

well-to-tank

WTW

well-to-wheel

ZET

zero-emission technologies

ZEV

zero-emission vehicle
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