intro to nos

8/3/2019 Intro to NOS

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Introduction to Network Operating Systems

6.1 Characteristics of a Network OperatingSystem

6.2 Windows6.3 Linux

6.4 Determining Software Requirements aLinux NOS


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OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system (OS) is an interfacebetween hardware and user which isresponsible for the management and

coordination of activities and thesharing of the resources ofa computer,


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Network Operating System

A 'networking operating system' is anoperating system that containscomponents and programs that allow a

computer on a network to serverequests from other computers for dataand provide access to other resources

such as printer and file systems.


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What is a Network Operating System?

Unlike operating systems, such as DOSand Windows, that are designed for

single users to control one computer,

network operating systems (NOS)

coordinate the activities of multiplecomputers across a network.


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Features

Add, remove and manage users who wishto use resources on the network.

Allow users to access to the data on thenetwork. This data commonly resides on

the server. Allow users to access hardware connected

to the network.

Protect data and services located on thenetwork.

Enables the user to pass documents onthe attached network.


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Network operating systems (NOS)typically are used to run computersthat act as servers.

They provide the capabilities requiredfor network operation.


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Characteristics of a Network Operating System


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Overview of NOS Characteristics

Network operating systems(NOSs) distribute their functionsover a number of networkedcomputers.

It adds functions that allow accessto shared resources by a number

of users concurrently. NOS computers helps clients to

have access to shared resources.

Client systems contain softwarethat allows them to request shared

resources that are controlled byserver systems responding to a

client request.


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Differences Between PC and a NOS

The NOS enhances the reach of the client PC bymaking remote services available as extensions of thelocal native operating system.

Although a number of users may have accounts on aPC, only a single account is active on the system at any

given time. NOS supports multiple user accounts at the same time

and enables concurrent access to shared resources bymultiple clients.


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Multiuser, Multitasking, and Multiprocessor

Systems

A NOS server is a multitaskingsystem. Internally, the OS must becapable of executing multiple tasksor processes at the same time.

Some systems are equipped withmore than one processor, calledmultiprocessing systems.

They are capable of executingmultiple tasks in parallel byassigning each task to a differentprocessor.


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NOS Server Hardware

NOS servers are large systemswith additional memory tosupport multiple tasks that areall active, or resident, inmemory at the same time.

Additional disk space is alsorequired on servers to holdshared files and to function asan extension to the internalmemory on the system.


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Choosing a NOS

The main features toconsider when selectinga NOS include:

Performance

Management andmonitoring tools

Security

Scalability

Robustness/faulttolerance


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Types of NOS

It is important to know thebasics about popular NOSfamilies.

Many networks now includemore than one server type, and

knowing how to get thesediverse systems to interoperateis an important skill for anetwork administrator.

Operating systems on the

network have their ownlanguage.

Different NOS vendors use thesame terms in different ways.


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Windows


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Windows Terminology

Windows server-based networksthat run Windows NT Server orWindows 2000 Server arebased on the concept of thedomain.

A domain is a group ofcomputers and users thatserves as a boundary ofadministrative authority.

Windows NT domains and

Windows 2000 domains,although similar in function,interact with one anotherdifferently.


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Windows NT 4.0

The Domain Structure ofWindows NT was entirelydifferent from the DomainStructure in Windows 2000.

Instead of Active Directory,

Windows NT provides anadministrative tool called theUser Manager for Domains.

It is accessed from the

domain controller and is usedto create, manage, andremove domain useraccounts.


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Windows NT 4.0

Each NT domain requires one Primary DomainController (PDC).

This is a "master" server that contains the SecurityAccounts Management Database (SAM).

A domain can also have one or more Backup DomainControllers (BDCs), each of which contains a read-onlycopy of the SAM.

The SAM is what controls the authentication process

when a user logs onto the domain.


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Windows 2000 and XP Operating System

The offline folders feature enables users

to copy and synchronize documents fromthe network to the local system so thatthey can be accessed when the computeris not connected to the network.

The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)enables users to print to a URL andmanage printers through a web browserinterface.

Built-in disk defragmenters and other toolsand utilities help users maintain andmanage the operating system.

It supports Kerberos security (developingstandard for authenticating networkusers), and the features of a Windows2000 domain as an Active Directory client.


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Windows 2000 and XP Operating System

XP also offers: More extensive hardware and driver support. More user-friendly file-sharing and network

configuration for setting up home networks.

Enhanced wireless network features Increased security Remote Desktop control Overall improvements to the GUI,

including the welcome screen additions,start menu improvements. Enhanced multimedia support for digital video,

audio, and pictures.


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Linux


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History of Linux

Linux is an operating system similar to UNIX. Itruns on many different computers and was firstreleased in 1991.

Linux is portable, which means versions can befound running on name brand or clone PCs.

Linux offers many features adopted from otherversions of UNIX.


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What is UNIX?

The UNIX NOS wasdeveloped in 1969, and it hasevolved into many varieties.

The source code is opened,that is, available at no cost to

anyone who wants to modifyit.

It is written in C programminglanguage so businesses,academic institutions, and

even individuals can developtheir own versions.

There are hundreds ofdifferent versions of UNIX.


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Linux Operating System

Linux is sometimes referred to as "UNIX Lite", and itis designed to run on Intel-compatible PCs.

However, Linux will run on other machines as well.

Linux brings the advantages of UNIX to home and

small business computers. The following are a few of the most popular types:

Red Hat Linux

Linux Mandrake

Caldera eDesktop and eServer

Debian GNU/Linux

Corel Linux

Turbo Linux


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Linux Clients

Windows clients canaccess Linux serverswithout client software ifthe UNIX servers runSamba, which is a program

that uses the ServerMessage Block (SMB)application layer protocol.

Windows computers useSMB for file access acrossthe network.

Samba permits them to seethe Linux file system.


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Determining SoftwareRequirements for a Linux NOS


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Workstation Software and Programs

The X Window System iswhat comprises the LinuxGUI environment.

Corels WordPerfect and

Sun StarOffice are the top

two office suites capable ofrunning on Linux.

There also single packagesrather than full office suitsthat come shipped with

Linux and some areinstalled by default duringthe installation process.

Some examples of theseare LyX and AbiWord.


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Workstation Software and Programs

Some of the popular audioand visual programsavailable for Linux includetools for viewing and editinggraphics like XV and GIMP.


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Server Software and Programs

A popular use of a Linux system is a web server. Web server software uses Hypertext Transfer

Protocol (HTTP) to deliver files to users that requestthem, using a web browser from their workstation.

A Mail Server is a system that is configured with theproper programs and services that enable handlingthe exchange of e-mail sent from one client toanother.

The Linux operating system provides file server either

in a Linux environment or in a cross-platformenvironment consisting of Windows, Macintosh,

UNIX, or OS/2 workstation.


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Additional Software and Programs

There are some programsand software that areessential to add to a Linuxsystem regardless ofwhether it is configured as a

workstation or a server. Text editors are essential

for performing any type ofmaintenance tasks that auser or an administratormay need to do.

Some examples of texteditors available in Linuxare vi, jed, pico, or Emacs.


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Additional Software and Programs

Programming tools are helpful Linux servers as well tospecific users at workstations if they are programmers.

These programming tools are also referred to ascompilers or interpreters.

A complier converts the program source code, which iswritten by the programmer into binary form thecomputer can read.

Common scripting languages include Javascript,Python, and Perl.

Every Linux system relies on a library called the Clibrary (libc). Linux systems rely on the C library for theroutines that are necessary for C programs to run inLinux.


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Verifying Software Compatibility

When installing a package, the first step should be toalways check and make sure that the operatingsystem supports the package.

Generally, any Linux software and package can be

installed on any UNIX-like operating system. Check CPU requirements, library requirements, and

development tools.


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SOLARIS

Oracle Solaris (formerly and stillinformally referred to as Solaris) is

a UNIX-based operatingsystem introduced by SunMicrosystems in 1992 as the successorto SunOS.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX


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Solaris is known for its scalability,especially on SPARC systems, and fororiginating many innovative featuressuch as DTrace and ZFS.Solaris

supports SPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers fromSun and other vendors, with efforts

underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is certified against the Single

Unix Specification.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Unix_Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Unix_Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Unix_Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Unix_Specificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTracehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability

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