iron and the effects of exercise new horizon college english unit two: section a

Iron and the Effects of ExerciseIron and the Effects of Exercise

New Horizon College EnglishNew Horizon College English

Unit Two: Section AUnit Two: Section A

2.Pre-reading 2.Pre-reading ActivitiesActivities

1.Previ1.Previewew

3.Text Text StudyStudy

PreviewPreview

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Task One: Turn to page 32 and read the preview part. Try to find the topic of this Unit. Discuss in pairs. (5 minutes)

–Topic:

Task Two: Tell each other a example of how exercise affects one’s health.(10 minutes)

Exercise&Health

• endurance•moderate•respective• plus•restrict• liable

• sufficient• modify• undo• interfere• sum up

Home

Task Three: Learn the important words and expressions.

Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading Activities

Task Two: Get familiar with the background information.

Task one: Spot dictation.

Task Three: Listen to a short passage and discuss the questions in groups.

Task Four: Learn the new words. 1.Learn to read correctly. 2. Learn to use correctly.

Task Five: Learn the phrases and expressions.

Background Information

1.Purdue University: for more information about Purdue

University, please visit http://www.purdue.edu.

2.digestive system: The digestive system is a series of hollow

organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the

anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the

mouth ,stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food.

Background Information

3. blood protein level: please visit the web page at http://www.studentcentral.co.uk/coursework/essays/885.html to learn more about the composition and functions of blood.

4. Vitamin C

To find out how Vitamin C works, you can check out the web page at http://www.howstuffworks.

endurance n. the state or power of enduring (sth. painful)

1

He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.

Example:Example:

Now You Try:Now You Try:

显然，这种锻炼会增强体力和耐力。

The exercise obviously will improve strengh and endurance.

CF: endure v. endurable adj.

moderate adj. Of middle degree, power, or rate;neither large or small, neuther high or low2

Ten years of working in the company enabled him to afford a house of moderate size.

在公司工作了十年，他得以有能力买一栋中等大小的房子。

Example:Example:


以适中 / 中等的速度一间中等大小的房间

at a moderate speed a room of moderate size

respectively adv. separately or in turn

3

she gave a glass of beer to the man, and a toy to the boy, respectively.

Example:Example:


他们的两个儿子，本和约翰，分别为 3 岁和 6 岁。

Their sons, Ben and John, are 3 and six years respectively.

CF: respective adj. 分别的，各自的 respectable adj. 可敬的；受人尊敬的 respecful adj. 有礼貌的；态度恭敬的

plus: 1) conj. and 2) prep. with the addition of 3) n. A sign showing that two or more number

s are to be added tegether, or that a number is greater that zero; an advantage.

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1) They will pay about $675 million plus interest.2) 3 plus 6 is 9.

Example:Example:


这工作不仅需要经验，而且需要细心。

This work needs experience plus care.

restrict vt. put a limit on5

Speed is restricted to 30 miles per hour in towns.在镇子里时速被限制在每小时 30 英里。

Example:Example:


由于校园小，有必要限制学生人数。

As the campus is small, there is a need to restrict the number of students.

Use: restrict sb./sth. to sth.

liable adj. 1) likely to do sth. 2) responsible by law

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1) We are all liable to make mistakes when we’re tired.2) Parents are liable for their children.

Example:Example:


他一生气就高声喊叫。

He is liable to shout when angry.

Use: be liable to do sth. 易于…的 be liable for sth. 对…负有责任

sufficient adj. enough7

There is no sufficient evidence to show that he suffers from iron deficient. 没有足够证据表明他缺铁 .

Example:Example:


我们没有足够的食物分给每个人。

We don’t have food sufficient for everyone.

辨意： deficient adj. 缺乏的，不足的 efficient adj. 高效率的

modify vt. change sth. slightly, esp. to improve it.8

The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.

Example:Example:


如果要使这些计划成功实施，必须对它们进行修改。

These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully.

(in grammar) we can use the word to show the meaning of ‘describing or limiting the meaning of another word.’

undo v. 1) remove the good or bad effects of an action or several actions

2) untie

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1).She knew it would be difficult to undo the damage that had been done.

2). He undid the parcel.

ExampleExample::


要是她赢了，她会毁掉我为之奋斗的一切。

If she won, she would undo everything I have fought for.

interfere vi. 1) prevent sth. from being done; 2) involve oneself in matters which are coll

ected with other people.10

1) Don’t interfere with him while he’s working.2) Don’t interfere in matters that don’t concern you.

ExampleExample

Now You TryNow You Try

1 ）这噪音防碍我工作。 2 ）我从不干涉他的事。

1) This noise interferes my work.2) I never interfere in his affairs.

Important Phrases and Important Phrases and Expressions Expressions

1.at risk: in danger.

2.go up: become higher in price, level, etc; rise.

3.sum up: summarize briefly. eg. 1.He is at risk now.

2.The temperature is going up.

3. You have 100 words to sum up his speech.

Newspapers contain many information topics such as spots, current events, business and entertainment. Which topic do you like to read most often? Give reasons to explain your answer.

Writing PracticeWriting Practice

Finish the Ex. III, IV,V, VI on Page38-41. Read the text in detail and do the Ex.II on Page38. Finish reading aloud part on Page 38.

AssignmentsAssignments

Text StudyText Study

Task one: Discuss the questions on Page32.

Task two: Summarize the main idea.(students involved)

Task three: Analyze the organization of the text.

Task four: Read the text and ask any questions on text.(Interpretation of the difficult sentences)

Task five: Learn to write.

Main Idea

The author tells us the fact that exercise will lead to iron loss. And then he gives us some details about iron deficiency,such as some causes for iron deficiency, 3stages of iron deficiency, and how to check iron deficiency, ect. Finally he just gives us readers some suggestions to correct iron deficiency.

Main IdeaMain Idea

Part I(Para. 1-3):The fact that exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to iron loss in the blood of women.

Organization

Part II(Para. 4-9):Some details about iron deficiency, such as some causes for iron deficiency, 3stages of iron deficiency, and how to check iron deficiency, ect.

Part III(Para. 10-12): Some suggested ways to correct iron deficiency.

OrganizationOrganization

Difficult Sentences

1. Tip her over the edge: bring about a noticeable change; Cause to develop into another statusExamples: Because of not being able to cope with everyday life they

were tipped over the edge into break down. 因为不能应付日常生活 , 他们处于崩溃的边缘 .

Important PhrasesImportant Phrases

2. Throw up: vomit, be sickExample: The child has thrown up her dinner again!Jane can’t come; she’s been throwing up all the morning.She said she had thrown up after reading reports of the

trial

Difficult Sentences

3. Striking increase: a great increase Examples: a striking ideaA woman with striking good looksHe bears a striking resemblance to his father.


4. Sum up: give the main idea of sth; make a total of an amount

Example: You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech.

I can best sum up the advantages of the system by describing some recent encouraging results.

Translation: 另一名专家注意到 ,” 普通女性只摄入了日需铁含量的三分之一” . 他提醒说 ,” 对于那些已经缺铁的女性 , 任何因锻炼而产生的铁离子流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化” .

Translation

Paragraph 5: The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron,” notes another expert. “for a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss form exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency,” notes the expert

Translation: 运动员从事高度剧烈的运动 , 比如跑步时 , 也可能因为足部细血管失血的现象而使铁质流失 .

Translation

Paragraph 6: Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.

Translation: 莱尔注意到 , “ 那些增食肉类食品或服用铁离子补济的女性 , 能够恢复到健康状态 .” 但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用原来的食谱的人 , 则显示出铁离子含量的降低 .

Translation

Paragraph 3: Women who consume additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back,” she notes. “but the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.”

Difficult Sentences

1. …that endurance atheletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies.(Para.1)

Meaning: …that atheletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often show a lack of iron.

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Difficult SentencesDifficult Sentences

2. Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back, …(Para.)

Meaning: Women who ate more meat than they usually did or took iron-added pills were able to return to their normal, healthy state, …

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Difficult Sentences


3. Women of child-bearing age…(Para.4) child-bearing age: The normal span of women's

production is between 18 and 50, with some exceptions. Women who are in that period are supposed to be able to give birth.

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4. …since their monthly bleeding is a majoy source of iron loss.(Para.4)

monthly bleeding: women's physical phenomenon that occurs once a month, during which they bleed. The special term for that phenomenon is “menstruation”.

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6. Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. (Para.6)

Meaning: exercise can lead to iron loss because of the various functions of the body.

Difficult Sentences


5. For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the stage into a more serious deficiency, …(Para.5)

Meaning: If a woman who already has less iron than necessary starts a program of exercise that causes more loss of iron, then her iron status will change greatly and she’ll be put in a more serious state of iron deficiency, …

Difficult Sentences


7. Fatigue and poor performance may begin in the second stage of iron deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. (Para. 7)

Meaning: in the second stage of deficiency when there is no enough iron to form molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles, one may begin to feel tired and unable to do their activities properly.

8. …and exercise performance is severely compromised.(Para.7) Meaning: … and exercise performance is badly affected.

Difficult Sentences Difficult SentencesDifficult Sentences

9. You’re not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero…(Para.8)

go to zero: be used up; be exausted.

10. …it’s advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.(Para.9)

Meaning: …it’s wise for people who belong to these groups to have a test each year on blood to see if the amount of their iron stores is sufficient.

Difficult Sentences


11. In general, it’s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings.

Meaning: Generally speaking, the better way to solve the problem of iron deficiency is to add more iron-rich foods to the diet rather than take in iron supplements because supplements may cause bad side effects.

12. This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.(Para. 11)

Meaning: This added iron adds to the small amount that is naturally contained in grains.

Difficult Sentences


13. …showed a striking increase…(Para.11) a striking increase: a great increase striking: adj. which draws the attention, eap. because of bei

ng attractive or unusual.

14. …the level going up nearly 30 times… (Para.11) Meaning: …and as a result, the level has increased nearly 30 times… please note that this is the absolute structure in the sentence.

Difficult Sentences


15. …can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.(Para.11)

Meaning: can prevent iron from being absorbed into the body.

16. …you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.(Para.12)

Meaning: …you can correct the iron deficiency before it really becomes a problem.

Learn to Write Learn to WriteLearn to Write

This is an essay that deals with the relationshipbetween iron deficiency and physical exercises. Theauthor combines many different writing techniques tobring out this theme: iron deficiency and physicalexercises are closely related to each other and we needto take proper measures to correct iron deficiency. Oneof the major writing techniques which is worth ourattention is cause and effect.

Learn to Write

Steps for cause and effect writing:

Step 1: express one’s idea about something;

Step 2: present the effrect

Step 3: list the causes which bring about the above mentioned effect

Learn to WriteLearn to Write

Learn to Write

Topic 1: people should never be satisfied with what they have, they should always want something new or something different. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give reasons for your choice.

Write PracticeWrite Practice

1. Finish all the exercises after the text in Section A;

2. Structured writing practice: Choose any one of the topics in Page 47 to write a short paragraph using the writing technique cause and effect.

AssignmentsAssignments

Thank You

Difficult Sentences

3. Stick by: continue to give help or support; be loyal to someone

Examples:I’d like to thank my friends who stuck by me during the

difficult times.She stuck by Bob when he was in trouble.His family can be trusted to stick by him whatever happens.


4. Sink into: 1) put money, labor, etc. into k investExamples: I’ve sunk all my money into buying a new house; I hope I

won’t be sorry.2) put, force, or go intoI’m hungry. I’d like to sink my teeth into a hot meal right

now!You can sink you hand into the pile of feathers and feel how

soft it is.

Translation: 但是最主要的 , 是他将不法收入投进了这座山村 . 精致的石屋农舍 , 茵茵的村中绿地 , 一排排青青的树篱 , 以及绵延起伏的原野与松林 , 像古代行进的士兵渐渐消失于远方的地平线上 --- 这一派奇异的景色深深地吸引了他 .

Translation

Paragraph12: But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, its central area of green grass, green rows of hedges, and its fantastic view of rolling fields and pine forests disappearing into the distance like the men of an ancient army marching over the horizon.

iron and the effects of exercise new horizon college english unit two: section a

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