ivlisi racha.indd

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tel: 599 74 68 10damfuZnebeli _

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kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofadali jvarSeiSvili

teqsti aawyoTamar goginaZem

misamarTi: Tbilisi, leseliZis q. #27, me-2s., 790 74 68 10

el-fosta: [email protected]

petre pavloba ............................. 2

umecarTa zneobam qveyana

katastrofamde miiyvana .......... 5

svaniZis quCidan dawyebuli

tragedia........................................ 6

saqarTvelos sapatriarqom enu-

qiZeebis mravalSvilian ojaxs

samoTaxiani bina aCuqa .............. 7

Segubebula wyali da amouxrCvia

zooparki! - ediSer yifianis 1960

wlis Canawerebidan .................... 8

nu exumrebiT mama gabrielis

winaswarmetyvelebas! ............... 8

axalgazrda col-qmris gmiruli

istoria, romelsac unda

icnobdeT ...................................... 10

salome faJava _ raWuli

musikiT mopovebuli

brinjaos medali baqodan! ...... 11

olimpiur cecxls raWam

umaspinZla .................................... 12

TeTri gedi _

givi sixaruliZe ......................... 14

Rebis skola mTis raWis

sasicocxlo arteriaa .............. 16

erTi qalis istoria .................. 20

adgilis dedis gamoZaxili ..... 22

saukunis lotbari Salva

jafariZe ........................................ 24

istoria iwyeba Sumeridan ...... 26

gmadlobT ...................................... 29

saojaxo marani raWaSi ............. 30

21-e saukunis xiluli saswauli

da uSviloTa Semwe taZari ...... 32

buneburi movlena, RvTis

wyroma da auxilveli Tvali

gonebisa ......................................... 34

dabrunebuli saunje _

daviT kikolaSvili .................... 36

TvalisCini _

sofio rexviaSvili .................... 38

winaparTa gamoZaxili _

rezo beraZe .................................. 40

2 “რაჭველები” №7

religia

qristes mowafeTa - mociqulTa Soris marTlma didebeli eklesia gansakuTrebul pativs or maTgans miagebs da maT Tavmociqulebad saxel sdebs. eseni arian - wm. petre da pavle.

wm. mociquli petre, ufrosi Zma andria mociqulisa, uflis xmobamde galileis tbasTan mdebare patara qalaq beTsaidis meTevze iyo. saxelad adre svimoni ewodeboda. „Sen xar svimon, Ze iona¡si, Sen gewodos kefa, romeli iTargmanebis: _ klde“. ase uTxra mas ieso qristem, rodesac mihxeda. ramodenime xnis Semdeg, vlida ra qriste galileis tbis napirTan, kvlav ixila petre da andria, romelnic bades agdebdnen tbaSi. „movediT da SemomideqiT me da gyvne Tquen mesaTxevle kacTa“ - am sityvebma, romlebic ubralo meTevzeebisadmi iyvnen mimarTulni, gadawyvites maTi bedi. mgznebare petre, mxurvaled moyvaruli uflisa iesosi, maSinve Seudga mas. male TviT ufalma moinaxula petres saxli da mxurvalebisagan gankurna misi sidedri.

hqonda ra udidesi rwmena da erTguleba, petre, - erTi mxolod qristes mowafeTagan - gakadnierdeba sTxovos ufals: „ufalo... mibrZane me mislvad Senda wyalTa amaT zeda“. uflis sityvisaebr igi navidan wyalze gadmovida da rogorc xmeleTze ise gaeSura misken. magram SeeWvda ra RvTiur SewevnaSi, danTqma iwyo. „ufalo, mixsen me!“ SesZaxa petrem da RvTiurma moZRvarmac ar daaxana, meyseulad ganarTxo xeli da kvlav ukan, navSi, aiyvana. magram ara marto qarborbalasa da qarisagan ixsna ufalma, aramed mciredmorwmuneobisganac, etyoda ra „me veve-dre mamasa Cemsa SenTvis, raTa ara moga kldes sarwmunoeba¡ Seni“.

Taboris mTaze petre iakobsa da ioanesTan erTad gaxda mowme uflis RvTiuri didebisa. dainaxa ra ufali ieso qriste fericvalebiT da esma xma mamaRmerTisa „ese ars Ze Cemi sayuareli, magisi ismineT“, petrem ganixara da wamoiZaxa „keTil ars Cuenda aqa yofa¡“. amaze mogoneba mis erT-erT epistoleSia SemorCenili.

moaxlovda ra Jami macxovris mxsneli vnebebisa, ierusalimisaken mimavali daekiTxa igi Tavis mowafeebs „Tquen vin ggonie me yofad?“

petrem, mociqulTa Soris pirvelma, sTqva: „Sen xar qriste, Ze RmrTisa cxovelisai“, risTvisac uflisagan udidesi Seqeba daimsaxura: „netar xar Sen, svimon bar iona“ „Sen xar klde, da amas kldesa zeda aRvaSeno eklesia Cemi da bWeni jojoxeTisani ver ereodian mas“. petreseulma aRmsareblobam Tavisi gamoZaxili hpova mociqulTa sadResaswaulo sakiTxavebSi „qristeman Sen pirveli gamogaCina, petre da safuZvelad sarwmunoebasa gvirgvinosan-gyo Sen“. saidumlo serobis uwinares sionis qoredze macxovarma „...moiRo ardagi da moirtya igi... da iwyo banad ferxTa mowafeTa TvisTa“. „ufalo, Sen dambana ferxTa CemTa?“ Seewi naaRmdega petre. „ukueTu ara dagbanne Sen

fe rxni, ara gaqundes Sen nawili Cem Tana“ - ganumarta mas ufalma. maSin petrem, SiSiTa da siyvaruliT mo-culma, SehRaRada: „ufalo nu xolo ferxni Cemni, ara med xelnica da Tavica Cemi“.

mowafeTagan mxolod erTi, pet-re, gamoeqomaga ufals geTsimaniis baRSi. aRmoixada maxvili da erT iq mosulTagans mohkveTa yuri, magram macxovarma TviT Tavisi sikvdilis winac ki izruna da gankurna yurmoWrili. petre gahyva ufals kaiafa mRvdelTmTavris saxlamdis, masTan erTad Sevida ezoSi da idga iq cecxlTan da Tbeboda. magram samgzis uarhyo Tavisi RvTiuri

moZRvari, roca masac xels adebdnen, rogorc qristes mowafes: „ara vici kaci ese“ da rodesac mesamed uarhyofda, dainaxa rom ufali umzerda mas da „ganvida gare da tiroda mwared“. erT-erTi wminda gadmocemiT, mas mere yovelTvis, roca ki moesmoda mamlis yivili, petre Turme mwared atirdeboda xolme, momgonebeli Tavisi am Secodebisa, ise rom xSiri tirilisagan Tvalis upesTan sisxliani Rarebi gauCnda.

magram ar arsebobs iseTi codva, romelsac gulmowyale ufali ar hpatiebdes. petres sinanuli imdenad Zlieri da Rrma iyo, rom aRdgomis Semdeg ufali pirvels, mowafeTa Soris, petres eCvena. samjer daekiTxa petres: giyuar mea? da samgzis miiRo pasuxad: he, ufalo, Sen ici, rameTu miyuar Sen. ieso qristem aRadgina igi mociqulis RirsebaSi, ando mas dasamwysvelad Tavisi sityvierni cxovarni.

uflis amaRlebis Semdgom petres rCevisaebr

petre pavloba

3“რაჭველები” №7

religiaaTormet mociqulTa Soris Seiracxa mataTa. amas Semdeg, sulTmofenobisas, petre pirvelqris tianuli Temis winamZRoli Seiqmna. mkvdreTiT aRmdgari uflis mgznebare siyvaruliT STagonebuli misi qadageba imdenad cxovelsmyofeli zemoqme-debis iyo, rom aTasobiT adamians moaqcevda qristes sarwmunoebaSi. saocari niSebi axlda petreseuli aRmsareblobis qristesmier rwmenas. mkvdrebi aRsdgebodnen, mkelobelni da ganrRveulni ganikurnebodnen, danaSaulSi mxilebulni suls ganutevebdnen.

cnobilia wm. petre mociqulis ori kaTolike epistole. meore epistoleSi wers „uwyi, rameTu adre yofad ars dateveba¡ sayofelisa amis Cemisa¡, viTarca - igi ufalman Cuenman ieso qristeman mauwya me“, anu uflis sityvisaebr winaswarmetyvelebs Tavis moaxloebul aRsasruls. imperator neronis brZanebiT petre mociquli Seipyres da ganaCenad jvarcma gamoutanes. sTvlida ra uRirsad Tavs mieRo iseTive mowameobrivi sikvdili, rogorc mis maswavlebels jalaTebs sTxovda Tavqve ecvaT jvars, surda ra sikvdilis drosac daexara Tavi uflisTvis.

wm. mociquli pavle warmoSobiT beniamenis tomidan iyo da Tavis mociqulebriv msaxurebamdis saxelad savle erqva. kilikiis q. tarsuSi dabadebuli „ganswavlul zedmiwevniT mamuliTa sjuliTa; moSurne viyav RmrTisaTvis“, rogorc TviTonve ambobda sakuTar Tavze, - „vsdevnid vidre sikudilamde, Sevhkreb da mivscemd sapyrobiled mamaTa da dedaTa“. igi iwonebda mTavardiakon stefanes wamebas da mis qviT CamqolavTa samoselsac ki sdarajobda.

rodesac igi damaskos miuaxlovda, igi RvTiurma naTelma moicva. yvela misi mxlebeli mxedari cxenebidan qve Camovarda, xolo savles esma xma, romelic ityoda: „saul, saul, ra¡sa mdevni me? ficxel ars Senda wixna¡ dezisa¡“. savle daekiTxa: Sen vin xar, ufalo? xmam upasuxa: me var ieso, romelsa Sen mdevni. aramed aRdeg da dadeg ferxTa SenTa zeda, rameTu amisTvis geCvene Sen, raTa dag adgino Sen msaxurad da mowamed, romeli ixile da romeli giCueno Sen.

savles mxleblebs xma esmodaT, magram sityvebs ver arCevdnen. RvTiuri naTebisagan savle dabrmavda da uflis miTiTebiT gaeSura damaskosaken, sadac erTi samocdaaT mociqulTagani anania cxovrobda. am ukanasknels ki gamocxadebiT emcno: aRdeg Sen adre da mived ubansa mas, romelsa hrqvian marTali, da moiZie taZarTa maT iudasTa savle saxeliT, tarseli. ananias misTvis xeli unda

daesxa da Tvali aexileboda. moiRo ra pavlem uflisagan brZaneba,

exarebina sasufeveli, iwyo mqadagebloba iudevelebsa da warmarTebSi, monebs Soris da TavisuflebSi, risTvisac Tavs ido xangrZlivi mogzaurobebi da wargzavnida epistoleebs. palestinasa da mcire aziaSi, saberZneTsa da italiaSi, xmelTaSua zRvis kunZulebze gaismoda mociqulis mgznebare sityva.

Tavis ganuwyvetel RvawlSi mravali WirTaTmena uwevda wm. pavles. „huriaTagan xuT gzis ormeocsa erTi moklebuli cema moviRe. samgzis kuerTxiTa viec, erT gzis qviTa ganvitvine, samgzis navi dameqca, Rame da dRe ufskrulTa Sina davyav“. filippesa da makedoniaSi qadagebisas Sepyrobil iqna da sapyrobileSi Cagdebul. magram borkildadebulic ganagrZobda locvasa da RvTis didebas da SuaRamisas didi Zrva iyo, karni ganexvnes da borkilebi dascvivda.

aTenSi qristes axarebda „mis mier cxovel varT da viqceviT da varT“. am qadagebam areopagSi axalmoqceulebi SesZina saqristianos, maT Soris momavali didi RvTismetyveli dionise areopageli. rodesac mesame misioneruli mogzaurobidan brundeboda pavle mociquli kesariaSi Sexvda agabo winaswarmetyvels, romelmac aiRo pavles sartyeli, „Seikra xelni da ferxni da sTqva: amas ityvis suli wmida: kaci, romlisa ars sartyeli ese, esreT Sekran ierusaliems“. amiT agabom borkilebi uwinaswarmetyvela, romelic sicocxlis bolomde unda etarebina. ierusalimSi dabrunebisas pavle mociquli Seipyres da rogorc romis moqalaqe keisris samsjavroze gagzavnes.

aq, romSi wm. pavle petre mociquls Seeweoda moqalaqeTa qristianul ganaTlebaSi. erT-erTi gadmocemiT man moaqcia imperatoris meRvi-neTu xucesi, risTvisac sikvdilis ganaCeni gamoutanes. wminda mociqulma sicocxle TaviskveTiT daasrula.

zogierTi mowmobiT petre da pavle mociqulebi erT dRes aResrulnen mowameobrivad, sxva gadmo cemiT - pavles sruli erTi wlis Semdeg mokveTes maxviliT Tavi petres jvarcmis Semdgom. maTi xsenebis dResaswauli imTavadve dawesda, xolo dakrZalvis adgili wminda iyo pirvelqristeanTaTvis. IVs. wm. mociqulTasworma konstantine didma romsa da konstantinepolSi aRmarTa taZrebi wm. TavTa mociqulTa petresa da pavles saxelze.

rusulidan Targmna dekanozma arCil mindiaSvilma


1924

1960

2015

sisxliani dReebis qronika

foto arqividanaa amoRebuli da TbilisSi 1960 wlis 4 ivliss momxdar stiqias asaxavs. arsebuli informa-ciiT maSin mdinare vere adidda da Tbilisis zooparki da gmirTa moedani datbora.

`wyaldidobis msxverplni“ - am saTauriT 1924 wlis 14 ivniss gamovida gazeTi `komunisti“, romelic 13 ivniss veres adidebisa da adamianTa msxverplis Sesaxeb ityobineboda.

gazeTi wers, rom soflidan Ramis gasaTevad dabi nave-buli glexebi moulodnelad movardnilma verem wylis qveS moiyola. jer Zlieri kudiani qari amovardnila, xolo Semdeg wvima 1 saaTi gagrZelebula. gazeTi konkretul adgilsac miuTiTebs: pirvel samilicio ubanSi, veres RelesTan bozarJiancis TuTunis qarxnis mimdebare teritoria.

`1-el samiliocio ubanSi, veres RelesTan bozarJia-ncis TuTunis qarxnis maxloblad, Cveulebriv dabinave-bulan maxlobel soflidan Camosuli glexebi urmebiT Ramis gasaTevad. glexebi mohyvnen wvimaSi, mou lodnelad aRniSnuli Reledan movardnila Zlieri niaRvari da iq dabanakebuli glexebi TavianTi xar-urme biT gautacnia da Seuyria mtkvarSi. daRupulTa raodenoba da zarali gamourkvevelia. ubedurebis adgilze saswrafod ga-mocxadda miliciis ufrosi da cecxlis mqrobeli raz mi“ - amonaridi 1924 wlis 14 ivnisis gazeT `komunistidan“.

13 ivniss TbilisSi sikvdilis zarma Camohkra, veres xeoba Taviseburad moajadova da sisxlmowyurebuli, gaveSebuli daacxra Tavs dedaqalaqs. moTqma, godeba da vai-viSi ismoda vake-saburTalos teritoriaze. miwam piri gaxsna da 19 adamianis sicocxle Tan Caitana. 3 gaubedurebuli adamianis cxedris povna dRemde ver xerxdeba. dangreul-gapartaxebuli saxlebi, mi-wisagan pirisa aRgvili gza-kvali, wlebis manZilze nagrovebi kapitali, moSlili

nervebi da ganacrisfrebuli cxeli zafxuli... am yvelafris fonze SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos Cveni axalgazrda Taobis samagaliTo erTianoba, isini TavianT qalaqs da Tanaqalaqelebs daudgnen mxarSi. es dRevandelobidan gamomdinare, TiTqos gasakviria, magram Tu Tvals gadavavlebT saqarTvelos istorias, davrwmundebiT, rom _ qarTvelebs odiTganve gaWirvebaSi gaerTianeba gvaxasiaTebda da ase movediT dRemde.

dedaqalaqi stiqiuri ubedurebis epicentrad iqca


stiqia

geologi, qarTuli sainJinro

geologiis erT-erTi udidesi

avtoriteti, profesori gio rgi

jafariZe, jer kidev naxeva ri

saukunis win, „Tbilisis sainJi nro

geologiaSi” werda: „gansa kuTrebiT

rTulad (sic!) unda CaiTvalos

tbiseuli danaleqebis gavrce-

lebis areali (mdinare veres

xeoba), sadac 1934 wlidan dawye-

buli mewyruli wanacvlebebi re-

li efis deformacias iwvevs. tbi-

seuli danaleqebis gavrceleba

mtkvris Tanamedrove donis qvemoT Cven davadgineT 1935 wels da davadastureT 1951-1974

wlebis SromebSi. es gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos im SemTxvevebSi, roca es teritoriebi

ganaSenianebisTvis an miwisqveSa mSeneblobisTvis iqneba gamoyenebuli.”

es im ambiciuri yvaryvareebisTvis da maTi mexotbeebisTvis, vis umecar, ugnur voluntari-

zmsac unda vumadlodeT udides adamianur da materialur katastrofebs.

mecnierebam jer kidev 80 wlis win daadgina, rom sainJinro-geologiuri riskebis Tvalsazri-

siT veres xeoba gansakuTrebiT rTuli iyo, Sesabamisi gafrTx ilebac gakeTda. mecnierebis da

codnis ignorirebam da umecarTa zeobam sad mogviyvana dRes TvalnaTliv davinaxeT.

umecarTa zneobam qveyana katastrofamde

miiyvana


stiqia

givi svaniZe _ qarTveli hidrologi da hidroenergeti-

kosi, teqnikis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori iyo. sabWoTa

kavSiris periodSi is saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis

akademikosi da stoqastikuri hidrologiis erT-erTi

fuZemdebeli gaxldaT.

misma gamokvlevebma hidrologiuri procesebis modeli-

rebis dargSi dasabami misca axal samecniero mimarTulebas

mdinareuli Camonadenis regulirebis TeoriaSi.

gamokvlevebi aqvs wylis resursebis kom pleqsuri

gamoyenebisa da hidroenergetikis dargSi. svaniZem Seadgina

zemo alaznis sarwyavi sistemis, Jinvalis hesisa da mdinareebis

arfisa da eRegisis sevanis tbaSi gvirabiT gadagdebis

pirveladi sqemebi.

mis mier damuSavebuli meTodebi farTodaa gamoyenebuli

angara-eniseisa da enguris hesebis kaskadebis daproeqtebis, agreTve mingeCauris, buqTarmisa

da sxva hesebis saeqspluatacio gegmebis Sedgenis dros. svaniZis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna

naSromi „saqarTvelos ssr wylis resursebis kompleqsuri gamoyeneba“ (1960-1961, t. 1-10). svaniZe

xelmZRvanelobda meteorolo giur procesebze aqtiuri zemoqmedebis gziT atmosferuli

naleqebis xelovnuri stimulirebis samuSaoebs, kolxeTis daSro bis SesaZlo klimaturi

cvlilebebis prog nozirebis saqmes.

svaniZis samecniero moRvaweoba Ziri Ta dad ganisazRvreboda hidrologiis, hidro-

energetikisa da hidroteqnikis problemebiT.

svaniZis quCidan dawyebuli tragedia

vin iyo givi svaniZe


Tanadgoma

saqarTvelos sapatriarqom 13 ivnisis stiqiis dros dazaralebul enuqiZeebis mravalSvilian ojaxs samoTaxiani bina aCuqa. ojaxi wyneTis xevSi cxovrobda da stiqiis dros ojaxis ufrosi daiRupa.

sapatriarqoSi RonisZiebas eswrebodnen saqarTvelos premier-ministri irakli RaribaSvili, Tbilisis meri daviT narmania, vakis gamgebeli laSa abaSiZe.

rogorc sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma, ilia meorem ganacxada, bolo dReebSi saqarTvelos didi mwuxareba ewvia.

„me minda, gavixseno Zveli aRmosavluri gamoTqma, „mwuxarebav, Sen sawyisi xar sixarulis, sixarulo, Sen sawyisi xar mwuxarebis”. mwuxarebis dros, romelic bolo dReebSi gvewvia saqarTvelos, Cven davinaxeT Cveni xalxis, Cveni axalgazrdobis erTsulovneba. Cveni xalxi ar iSurebs arafers imisTvis, rom daexmaros gaWirvebul adamianebs”, - ganacxada patriarqma.

misive TqmiT, aris erTi cnobili ojaxi, julieta xoferias ojaxi, romlis Svilic aq cxovrobs. man sapatriarqos saCuqrad bina gadasca, sapatriarqom ki miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom es bina dazaralebul mravalSvilian ojaxs gadasces.

patriarqis gancxadebiT, es bina mdebareobs WavWavaZis prospeqtze da erT-erTi saukeTeso binaa TbilisSi.

„me moxaruli var, rom bavSvebi gaizrdebian am binaSi da eqnebaT TavSesafari. Cvenma dedebma aseve moamzades xuTi kompleqti logini, RvTismSoblis xati, romelic pirveli unda Sevides am binaSi TqvenTan erTad. pirveli xarjebisTvis mogimzadeT 1000 laris saxarjo fuli”, - mimarTa patriarqma ojaxis wevrebs.

amis Semdeg ilia meorem premier-ministrs sTxova, ojaxisTvis gasaRebi mas gadaeca, Sesabamisad irakli RaribaSvilma enuqiZeebis ojaxs gasaRebi gadasca.


arqivi

socialur qselSi gavrcelda 1960 wlis 4 ivliss TbilisSi momxdar tragediasTan dakavSirebiT mweral ediSer yifianis Canaweri.

„tragedia datrialda dRes TbilisSi. dilis 9 saaTze movida didi wvima, adidebula

mdinare vere da moglejili xeebiTa da lodebiT amouvsia varazisxevis quCis qveS gayvanili gvirabi, Segubebula wyali da amouxrCvia zooparki!

roca galiaSi miwiT dasiluli da uZravad mwoliare vefxvi davinaxe, kinaRam avtirdi. yvela lomi, yvela avaza da yvela vefxvi daixrCo. warmovidgine, rogor ebrZodnen wyals, rogor gahyves nestoebi galiis WerSi, rkinebs Soris, es iyo maTi ukanaskneli gabrZoleba, mere wyalma galiis Weric dafara.

lomi, lomi wyliT damxrCvala imitom, rom datyvevebuli iyo da arwivic imitom, rom datyvevebuli iyo!

TeTri daTvebi muceldaberilebi eyarnen cementis civ iatakze. albaT rogor esiamovnaT pirvelad, roca zafxulis am Tbil dilas wyali SeudgaT muxlamde, magram mere? albaT vcdebi, ase ar motyuvdebodnen, albaT, yovelma mxecma instiqtiT igrZno saSiSroeba da daiwyo brZola galiebSi, ise TvalnaTliv vigrZeni es suraTi, rom ....maJrJolebs xolme.

rogor menaneba, rogor mecodeba mxecebi, imitom rom uTanasworo brZolaSi daiRupnen. ra moulodneli iyo albaT es wylis Semoteva maTTvis, ufro moulodneli, vidre adamianisaTvis iqneboda, mxolod behemotma SesZlo rkinis fanjris gamomtvreva da gaTavisufleba. im saRamos igi uZravad iwva sazafxulo volierSi da mZimed qSinavda brZolagadaxdili. rogor mecodebian lomebi, vefxvebi da arwivi.

is Rrublebi movidnen afrikidan“: - ediSer yifianis ubis wignakidan 1960 w. 4 ivlisi.

Segubebula wyali da amouxrCvia

zooparki! - ediSer yifianis

1960 wlis Canawerebidan

„Tu miiRes uzneobis wamaxalisebeli, antiqristianuli kanoni, sasjeli mTels ers daatydeba Tavze~. nu exumrebiT Rirsi mama gabrielis winaswarmetyvelebebs, yvela misi naTqvami sityva saxezea da bevri movlena win gvelodeba. is vinc Tavisi drois wmindans pativs ara scems, warsulis wmindanebi aseTi adamianis locvas ar Seismenen. naxevari jojoxeTi miwazea amosulio - ambobda mama gabrieli. `adamianebi veRarc amCneven, Tu ro gor eufleba maT gonebasa da sxeuls bo-roti suli. sakuTari dedis ginebis codvac amaze metyvelebs. momravldnen eSmakeulni, radgan maTma

ras qadagebda mama gabrieli seqsualur umciresobaze

nu exumrebiT mama gabrielis winaswarmetyvelebas!

Segoneba:


dedebma abortiT moakvdines maTi da-Zma da eSmaki cocxali Svilebis bageebiT utifrad aginebs mkvlel dedebs. ufalo Segviwyalen”... - es sityvebi „monaniebis” mTavarma gmirma, daviT giorgobianma sakuTari feisbuqis gverdze gamoaqveyna... (msaxiobma wminda gabrieli 29 wlis win gaicno da wlebis ganmavlobaSi masTan gansakuTrebuli siaxlove akavSirebda).

amjerad msaxiobi moskovSi imyofeba da qarTvel xalxs da xelisuflebas internetis meSveobiT mimarTavs...

- mama gabrielma ukve yvelaferi winaswar Tqva, Cven mxolod gvevaleba wavikiTxoT, vicodeT, gaviTavisoT da gavaanalizoT udi-desi wminda mamis da aRmsarebelis, arqima-ndrit gabriel salosis naanderZevi sibrZne.

Sevecdebi misi naTqvamis perifrazebi gavakeTo da erma ki masze daweril wignebSi amoikiTxos misi winaswarmetyvelebani. daviwyoT imiT, rom saqarTvelos siyvaruli gadaarCens da ar aris sxva ram Zala Cveni mSveleli da gadamrCeneli, garda siyvarulisa. dRevandel xelisuflebaSi ki ara sCanan sarwmunoebrivad Rrmad ganswavluli, RvTis moyvaruli da aRmsarebeli adamianebi da amitom maT mier miRebuli kanonebi SeiZleba RvTis sawinaaRmdegoc aRmoCndes, Tundac uneburad. Cveni valia maT avuxsnaT da movuwodoT, yuradReba miapyron eklesiis xmas, Tu Tvlian Tavs mis wevrebad.… qarTvelma erma me ver gamigoo - brZana mama gabrielma da amitom gaiyvana misi suli ufalma adre, 66 wlis asakSi.

iqneb SevecadoT, axla mainc gavugoT jer kidev sicocxleSive ganRmrTobil wmindans...…

ai ra daibara mama gabrielma: rom gardavi-cvlebi, cotas gaigebT Cems Sesaxeb.…saqarTvelo sul daiSleba. magram RmerTma rom lazare mkvdreTiT aRadgina, romelime nekni aklda? aseve aRsdgeba saqarTvelo nikofsiidan darubandamde. rodesac yvelas egoneba rom morCa, daiRupa da aRaraferi eSveleba saqarTvelos, maSin mova misi xsna. ase rom, vinc saqarTvelos daSlaSi, daRupvasa da gaxrwnaSi miiRebs monawileobas, isini ver aRdgebian. vinc am axal kanons miiRebs da ers daukanonebs, verasdros eRirseba uflis wyalobas!

Tu vinme momavalSi apirebs sinanuls, sjobia axlave Seinanos mcdari gadawyveti-leba antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mere misTvis gviani ar aRmoCndes, radgan garyvnilebis da uzneobis dakanoneba aris im iSviaT codvaTagani, rome lic myisierad moiTxovs RmerTisgan SurisZiebas. ar SegeSaloT, is rac sxva qveynebSi droSi yovndeba maTi urwmunoebis da ugunurobis gamo, Cvens RvTivrCeul da RvTismSoblis wilxvedr erSi, RvTisagan myisieri sasjeliT dagvirgvindeba da Tan daisjeba mTeli eri, Tuki miveciT maT saSualeba am kanonis dakanonebisa!

visac rwmena SegrCeniaT mTavrobasa da parlamentSi, xelisuflebasa da erSi, ekle-siisa da Tavis, ieso qristes saxeliT, gevedrebiT nu daatexavT saqarTvelos RvTis risxvas~!

sikeTe hqmeniT, rom Tqvenma sikeTem

gadagarCinoT. naxevari jojoxeTi ukve

dedamiwazea, antiqriste karebTan dgas da

ki ar akakunebs, Semoglejas lamobs. Tqven

moeswrebiT antiqristes, igi mTel dedamiwaze

moindomebs gamefebas. devna yvelgan iqneba,

magram saqarTvelos mariam RvTismSobeli

daifaravs, misi wilxvedria. aq naklebi devna

iqneba. oRond cal-calke nu iqnebiT, aTi an

meti iyaviT erTad. erTmaneTs unda SeeSveloT

devnis dros. nu SegeSindebaT, rodesac

gagiWirdebaT moval da mogeSvelebiT, oRond

Tqven ver daminaxavT.

Segoneba

mama gabrieli


saTnoeba

TbilisSi cota xnis

win momxdari umZimesi

tragediis dros, bevrma

adamianma gmirobisa

da Tavganwiruli si-

ma macis magaliTi

gviCvena da sakuTari

sico cxlis riskis

fasad, adamianebi da

cxovelebi gadaarCina.

maT Soris arian axal-

gazrda col-qmari

- daviT menTeSaSvili da nino kereseliZe, romlebic Tamaz eliz-

baraSvilis TavSesafris TanamSromlebi arian.

stiqiis Rames, 13 ivniss, daTo TanamSromel edvardTan erTad

morigeobda, rodesac TavSesafarSi wyali Sevarda, col-qmars

sakuTari Tavis gadarCenaze arc ufiqria. maT sikvdils wamebi

aSorebdaT da mainc umanko cxovelebis gadarCenas cdilobdnen.

aTeulobiT ZaRli gadaarCines kidec daxrCobas... col-qmarma

gadarCenili cxovelebi saburTalos sasaflaoze gadaiyvana da nino

im dRidan, Tavdauzogavad zrunavs maT janmrTelobaze.

mkiTxvelis informaciiT, sikvdils gadarCenili, svaniZis

quCis mcxovrebi - miSa Saxbaziani, romelic Tavis mxriv ZaRlebis

gadarCenas cdilobda (amis Sesaxeb ̀ presa.jim~ ukve mogiTxroT), daTom

kldeze ipova da saxlSi waiyvana. `fasdaudebelia TanamSromlebis

Tavganwirva Tamaz elizbaraSvilTan erTad.. vfiqrob am xalxiT

saqarTvelom unda iamayos!~, - gvwers mkiTxveli.

axalgazrda col-qmris

gmiruli istoria,

romelsac unda icnobdeT


gamarjveba raWulad

baqoSi gamarTul evropul TamaSebze qarTveli sportsmenebic

monawileobdnen, romlebmac saqarTvelos saxeli araerTgzis

gaabrwyines; 1 oqros, 3 vercxlis da 4 brinjaos medlebiT mker-

ddamSvenebuli idgnen evropel spotsmenTa gverdiT. salome faJavam,

megrelma tanmovarjiSe gogonam jgufi `banis~ SesrulebiT raWul

musikaze araCveulebrivi mxatvruli nomeri Seasrula, ris Semdegac

man am urTules sportis saxeobaSi mZafri konkurenciis fonze

brijnaos medali moipova.

gilocavT!

gamarjveba raWulad

salome faJava

raWuli musikiT mopovebuli brinjaos medali baqodan!


regioni

20 ivniss, qalaq ambrolaurma olimpiur cecxls umaspinZla, romelic evropis axalga zrduli me-13 olimpiuri festivalis Tbilisi 2015-is simboloa, cecxlis anTebis oficialur ceremonials qalaq ambrolauris meri rati namgalaZe, sakrebulos Tavmjdomare aslan saganeliZe da sxva oficialuri pirebi daeswrnen. olimpiuri CiraRdani gzadagza Svid meCiraRdnes: irakli gogoberiSvils (Tavisufali stiliT moWidave), nikoloz kenWaZes (Tavisufali stiliT moWidave), bondo sardanaSvils (Tavisufali stiliT moWidave), laSa metoniZes (fexburTeli), merab daraxveliZes (kalaTburTeli), qeTevan qemokliZes (mZleosani) da daviT sxirtlaZes (qoreografi) gadaeca, romelmac anTebuli CiraRdani saboloo punqtamde miitana. 13 ivniss „TbilisSi datrialebuli tragediis

gamo gauqmda sazeimo RonisZiebebi, romelic qalaqSi olimpiuri cecxlis SemosvlasTan dakavSirebiT unda gamarTuliyo. kidev erTxel qalaq ambrolauris municipalite-ti Rrma mwuxarebas gamoTqvams TbilisSi datrialebuli tragediis gamo da samZimars ucxadebs gardacvlilTa ojaxebs.” - naTqvamia ambrolauris municipalitetis gamgeobis gancxadebaSi.

olimpiuri cecxli, romelic evropis axalgazrduli me-13 olimpiuri festivalis Tbilisi 2015-is simboloa, sazeimod 26 maiss saberZneTis uZveles qalaq aTenSi ainTo da saqarTvelos 67 municipalitetis qalaqebsa da dasaxlebul punqtebs moivlis. olimpiuri cecxli qalaq ambrolaurSi, erTi Ramis ganmavlobaSi darCa.

ambrolauris municipaliteti

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cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls cecxls

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regioni

20 ivniss onis municipalitetma olimpiur cecxls umaspinZla. cecxlis anTebis ceremonials onis municipalitetis gamgebeli, sakrebulos Tavmjdomare, raWa-leCxum _ qvemo svaneTis gubernatori da sxva oficialuri pirebi daeswrnen. olimpiuri CiraRdani qalaqis centrSi eqvsma meCiraRdnem moitana.

qalaqSi olimpiuri cecxlis SemotanasTn dakavSirebiT sazeimo RonisZieba unda gamarTu liyo, romelic 13 ivniss TbilisSi datrialebuli tragediis da onSi daRupuli moqalaqeebis gamo ver Sedga.

sityviT gamosvlisas muni-cipalitetis gamgebelma Rrma mwuxareba gamoTqva trage diis gamo da miusamZimra garda cvlilTa ojaxebs.

miuxedavad arsebuli mdgo mareobisa, didi sixaruliT SevxvdiT am istoriul dRes da vimedovnebT, rom olimpiuri cecxli iqneba mSvidobis, sikeTis, megobrobis da aRmasvlis momtani.

onis municipaliteti


givi sixaruliZe

proza

1987 wlis agvisto. soWis sastumro `JemCuJinaSi~ xalxmravlobaa. erT Tavisufal nomers ver naxav. egreT wodebuli `verxi~, ese igi qrTami, sastumroSi mosawyobad 1000 maneTs aRwevs. isic, Tu magari biWi xar da gendobian. me Cems megobarTan erTad, romelic im periodisaTvis erT-erT mdidar kacad iTvleba, sastumros apartamentebSi vnebivrob. saRamos ki, mTeli egreT wodebuli magari biWebi, TavianTi ojaxebiT, an sayvarlebiT, sastumro `JemCuJinis~restoranSi verTobiT.

aris erTmaneTis jinaze rac SeiZleba grZeli sufrebis gaSla, romelzec sursaT-sanovage sarTu lebad dauwyviaT. Cemi TvaliT vnaxe, erTi Zalian mdidari leningradeli kaci, Tavisi ojaxis wevrebs rogor aWmevda kovzebiT xizilalas. mtrebis jinaze, viTomcda didi pativiscemis niSnad erTmaneTs urikebze dawyobil Sampanu-rebs ugzavnian.

erTi sityviT, sabWoTa epoqis daSlis bolo wlebia, amitom mdidari xalxis aRviraxsnilobam piks miaRwia, radgan fuliT ukve yvelas da yvelafris yidva SeiZleba.

maxsendeba aw gardacvlili erTi biznesmenis sityvebi: `Cemo givi, fuliT yvelafris yidva ar SeiZleba, magram didi fuliT yvelas da yvelafers iyidi~. mere, me davrwmundi, rogor scdeboda am sityvebis avtori, radgan igi arnaxul fuls ixdida erT binZur saqmeSi. es saqme mas sicocxlis fasad daujda.

dRis Tormeti saaTidan plaJze, sadac Sesvla ubralo mokvdavT ar SeuZliaT, mxolod wina Rames magrad gamomTvrali, Zlierni ama qveynisani cocxali leSebiviT Tvlemen Sezlongebze, xolo maTi `sicocxleebi~ erTmaneTSi, Woraoben da wina Ramis saocrebebs arCeven. erT inteligents ver naxavT mTel am nakrebSi.

inteligencia sawolSi or maneTs ixdis soWis mTebze mofenil saxlebSi, saidanac dila adrian Camodian da qalaqis saerTo, qvian plaJze dafenil pirsaxocebze wvanan da mzes eficxebian. vis ar naxavT aq: didi mecnieridan dawyebuli ubralo eqimiTa da inJinriT damTavrebuli. maTi saubris mosmena didi fufunebaa.

erTxel gavifiqre, marTalia `JemCuJinas~ plaJsa da qalaqis plaJs erTmaneTisgan germaniis kedeli ar hyofs, magram es uxilavi kedeli ufro

Zlieria, vidre germaniis, radgan `JemCuJinas~ kedelSi gamomwyvdeuli fulis mSovnelebi Tavisi ojaxebiT, ufro Sors arian, uxilavi kedlis meore mxares myofTagan, rogorc Sinagani mrwamsiT, aseve inteleqtiT.

germaniis kedels erTi mSvenier dRes daagnreven, magram am fuliT ganebivrebul kacebsa da inteli gencias Soris samudamod aris xidi Catexili-meTqi.

erTi sityviT `JemCuJinas~ sastumroSi didi gria lia, xolo garyvnileba umaRles `Skalas~ aRwevs.

erTi Zalian sufTad da kopwiad Cacmuli simpatiuri axalgazrda vaJi, Tavisi `JemCuJinaSi~ mcxovrebi nacnobebis wyalobiT, xan erTisa da xan meoresagan naSovni saSviT, Cvens plaJze Semodis. kargi vinmea: kargad curavs, magidis CogburTSi yvelas jabnis, xolo mini fexburTSi badali ar hyavs. saRamos, restoranSi, sadac udavod viRacis dapatiJebulia, Zalian kargad cekvavs. yvelas yuradRebas iqcevs Tavisi zrdili moqceviT. nel-nela Cvenc davuaxlovdiT. erTi-orjer restoranSic davpatiJeT. mere ki mis gareSe sufra veRarc warmogvedgina. saocrad enawylians, TiTqos margalitebi scviva piridano, Tanac iumoris saocari SegrZneba aqvs.

erTxel vkiTxe, `Carli~? _ romel sastumroSi cxovrob? sastumro `TeTri gedio~_ mipa-suxa _ erTi oTxi dRe sastumro `general pro-xomenkoSic~ vicxovre.

uceb gadavwyviteT restoran `kavkazski aul-Si~ gvesadila. radgan plaJze Cvens axal mego-bars di liT ver SevxvdiT, Cvens administra tors vTxove sastu mro `TeTri gedis~ telefonis nomeri moeca.

cnobarSi Zebnis Semdeg calsaxa pasuxi mivi-ReT, _ aseTi sastumro samwuxarod, soWSi ar arsebobs.

_ rogor ar arsebobs, Cveni megobari cxovrobs.

_ cdebiT, batono - mipasuxa administrato rma._ maSin, iqneb sastumro ̀ general proxomenkos~

nomeri miTxraT._ aseTi cnobaris gareSec vici, rom soWSi

arasdros yofila.kudamoZuebuli gamovbrundi da is iyo, nomerSi

asvlas vapirebdi, rom vestibiulSi ganaTebuli

TeTri gedi


prozasaxiani, gamowkepili `Carli~ Semovida, _ rogor brZandebiTo, _ miTxra da alalad gadamexvia.

ar arsebuli sastumroebis Sesaxeb araferi miTqvams.

_ ra kargia, rom moxvedi. `kavkazski aulSi~ visadiloT-meTqi da marTlac, naxevar saaTSi ukve iq vqeifobdiT.

Ramis or saaTze, rodesac qeifi morCa da sufra aiSala, mas Cvens manqanaSi Cajdoma da sastumromde miyvana SevTavaze.

_ ar mindao, miTxra, oficiant ninas dave-lodebi, iqneb CemTan wamosvlaze daviyolioo.

_Seni saqmisa Sen ici. _ am sityviT erTmaneTs davcildiT. Cveni Zmakacis manqanidan taqsSi ga-dav sxediT, mis mZRols ki vTxove, Cumad ̀ Carlikas~ gahyoloda ukan da gaego sad cxovrobda Cveni saidumloebiT moculi megobari.

ori saaTis Semdeg mZRolma gamaRviZa: _ batono givi, iseT rames getyviT, SeiZleba giJi gegonoT.

_ momiyevi, aseTi ra naxe, Se kaco._ ra vnaxe da Cvens ̀ Carlikas~ soWis sasflaoze

viRacis saflavze sZinavs. im saflavze TeTri gedis monumentia gamokveTili, swored gedis CaRrmavebul adgilze, pledi aqvs gadafarebuli da sZinavs.

_ ver davijereb. marTalia, Tu sigiJes hyvebi? _ mivuge gakvirvebulma.

_ Tu ar gjeraT, wamomyeviT da ganaxebT._ ara, axla ar gvinda. diliT wavideT, roca iq

aRar iqneba._ ki batonoo, _ mipasuxa mZRolma da

dasaZineblad wavida.mTeli Rame ar miZinia, yvelafers warmo-

vidgendi, amis garda. dilis sauzmis Semdeg plaJze Camovedi. vxedav, `Carlika~ ukve Cog-burTs TamaSobs, e.i. sasaflaodan wamosula.

me dro vixelTe, mZRols manqanaSi Cavujeqi da sasaflaos mivaSure. mZRolma zustad im safla-vTan mimiyvana, sadac sakmaod didi zomis TeTri gedis monumenti davinaxe warweriT: `Tamara us-penskaia. Cemi cxovrebis TeTr geds andriasagan~. am saflavis gverdiT erTi gadaxuruli saflavi SevamCnie, romelSic grZeli xis skami idga. skamis gverdiT didi zomis marmarilos magida daedgaT. xolo obeliskze samxedro formaSi gamokveTili generali mosCanda, qvemoTYki warwera: `generali proxomenko~.

sasowarkveTilebam Semipyro. nuTu marTalia?!. am fiqrebSi viyavi, rom Tavze sasaflaos daraji wamogvadga, _ vis eZebTo...

mZRolma miugo: _ Cvens megobarso._ imas xom ara, aq Rames rom aTevs?_ diax, imas, _ vupasuxe_ didi ucnauri biWia. ramdenjer SevTavaze,

Cems jixurSi daweqi-meTqi, magram uars meubneba,

aq sufTa haerze mirCevnia, Tanac baletis studia maqvs damTavrebuli da balerinis gverdiT kargad vgrZnob Tavso. wvimis dros ki general proxomenkos gadaxuruli saflavis skamze iZi-nebs. ise, wesieri biWia. yovel RamiT mosuli ar aris, rom or maneTs mitovebs.

_ pirvelad vnaxe, kacs sasaflaoze eZinos da ase sufTad iyos Cacmuli. _ gamovTqvi Cemi mosazreba.

_ tansacmeli Cems jixurSi ukidia, xolo Sarvals, yovel diliT, proxomenkos saflavis marmarilos magidaze auToebs, radgan saflavs eleqtro SesaerTebeli aqvs.

_ ki magram, `Stefselis~gakeTeba vis dasWir-da saflavze? _ vikiTxe gakvirvebulma.

_ generlis meuRlem Suqis asanTebi daa-yenebina, SemTxveviT ormagi aRmoCnda. es `Stefselic~ swored amitom aris aqo.

gaocebisagan ena mucelSi Camivarda. fiqrebiT sadRac Sors wavedi.

Cemi kastis yvela adamiani, romelic fulSi ixrCoboda, SemzizRda.

_ vai, Cvens yofas-meTqi, warmovTqvi, darajs 10 ma ne Tiani vaCuqe da vTxove, Cvens voiaJze araferi eTqva.

_ ki batonoo, warmosTqva da davcildiT erT-ma neTs. im dRidan `Carlikas~ nomeri gavukeTe `Jem Cu JinaSi~ da bolo erTi kvira erTad cxovreba SevTavaze.

_ ar minda, me isev Cems sastumroSi vicxovrebo, _ miTxra `Carlim~.

_ sad geZebo yovel wuTs. sjobs isev aq icxovro, rom sul erTad viyoT.

im dRidan moyolebuli, Cveni megobroba sico-cxlis bolomde gagrZelda. Zalian niWieri iyo da misgan saintereso mwerali dadga, rome lsac msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi kiTxuloben.

es ambavi erT-erTi wignSi Seitana novelad. roca wavikiTxe, azri mkiTxa, momewona Tu ara, Cemgan dadebiTi pasuxis miRebisas gamomityda, rom es ambavi namdvili iyo da sakuTar Tavze hqonda dawerili.

_ vici. _ vuTxari me._ mec vici, rom ici da arasdros gamimxile,

guli ar matkine. amitom aris, rom Zalian miyvarxar. daraji yvelafers momiyva.

me mis WaRara Tmasa da ukve mimqral. gadaR-lil Tvalebs Sevxede da kidev erTxel mivxvdi, ra Zala hqonia sikeTiT cxovrebas.

am wignis dabeWdvidan didi xnis Semdeg, roca igi gardaicvala, Cemi daJinebuli TxovniT misma col-Svilma saflavis qvaze TeTri gedi amo-atvifrina, warweriT: sastumro `TeTri gedi~.

am qveyanaze aravin icoda, ras niSnavda es warwera, uflis, Cemi da sastumros axali binadris garda.


uyurZno mTis raWa

Rebis skola mTis raWis sasicocxlo arteriaa

saqarTvelos burji

Rebis Temi amJamad mxolod erT sofels -- Rebs

moicavs da gadaSlilia kavkasionis mTavar da

Sodis qedebs Soris. Tems uWiravs rionis xeobis

25 kilometriani ukiduresi zemo weli da mdinare

CveSuris xeoba mTlianad, rion-WanWaxis qvabulis

dasavleTi nawili 355 km2 farTobiT. sofeli

mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1500 metr simaRleze.

Warbobs maRalmTiani reliefi.

Temi moicavs sam sofels: didi Rebi, patara

Rebi da gona. amJamad, gona dacarielebulia

mosaxleobisgan, winaparebis saxlebs zafxulobiT

stumroben gonelebi. toponimebi: didi Rebi da

patara Rebi pirobiTi saxelebia, ase ansxvaveben

rionis mier gaWril soflis or nawils.

Temi zRvis donidan 1800 metrze mdebareobs.

mTavar gzamde igi daSorebulia 30 km-iT, regionis

centramde -- 60 km-iT, dedaqalaqamde – 480 km-iT.

RebSi migraciis Sedegad Zlier Semcirda

macxovrebelTa raodenoba. 500 moswavleze

gaTvlil skolaSi axla 45 bavSvi swavlobs. TemSi

arsebobs sabWoTa periodSi agebuli sabavSvo

baRi, magram am droisTvis igi ar funqcionirebs.

RebSi mdebareobs biblioTeka, romlis fondi

4374 wigns moicavs da 160 mkiTxvels emsaxureba.

mosaxleobas emsaxureba ambulatoria da afTiaqi.

CrdiloeTiT-kavkasionis wyalgamyofi qediT

Rebs esazRvreba oseTi da yabardo-balyareTi.

oseTTan damakavSirebelia kirtiSis uReltexili,

romelsac CveSuris saTavidan uruxis xeobaSi

gadavyavarT. Yyabardo-balyareTidan ki fasis

mTis uReltexili, romelic rionisa da mdina-

re Cereqis xeobebs akavSirebs. dasavleTiT

Rebs emijneba qvemo svaneTis zemo – laSxeTi,

leCxumis qediT. Rebi svaneTs, kerZod, vaciwveris

gadasasvleliT ukavSirdeba. samxreTiT –

Sodis qediT Rebs sazRvravs raWis soflebi:

uwera da sakao. romlebTanac damakavSirebelia:

Sodis, seisurisa da sakauras gadasasvlelebi.

aRmosavle TiT ki Rebis mosazRvrea mTaraWis

sofeli Wiora.

Rebi yoveli mxridan Semofarglulia maRali

mTagrexilebiTa da mwvervalebiT, romelTaganac

aRsaniSnavia: Rabo (4314 m.), wiTeli (4258 m.),

wixvarga (4139 m.), edena (3879 m.), zofxiTo (4009 m.),

patara edema (3879 m.), Taimazi (3855 m.), Soda (3608

m.), fasa (3780 m.), iskara (3767 m.), dongura (3768 m.),

sanarcxia (3600 m.) da sxva mwvervalebi.

soflis teritoria mdebareobs zRvis

subtropikuli, notio havis olqSi. damaxa-

siaTebelia uxvTovlianoba da gamyinvareba, rac

maRalmTiani notio havis sawindaria. wyaldidoba

gazafxulze icis. wliuri naleqebis raodenoba

saSualod 1500 mm-mde aRwevs.

sofeli Zalze mdidaria Siga wylebiT. mTa-

vari mdinare, rioni saTaves iRebs fasis mTis

kal Taze. sididiT meore mdinare, CveSuri saTaves

iRebs kirtiSis myinvaridan. misi sigrZe 16 km-

ia. CveSuri rionis marcxena Senakadia da RebSi

dedamdinares uerTdeba.

mdidaria Rebi mcenareuli safariT. teri-

toriis daaxloebiT 80-90 km2 tyeebs ukavia. tyis

qveda zolSi umetesad gavrcelebulia: wifeli,

muxa, rcxila, zeda zolSi ki – wifeli, leki,

aryi, circveli (Wnavi). alpur zolSi didi far-

Tobi ukavia dekas buCqnars. Zalze did farTobe-

bzea gadaWimuli saTib-saZovrebi da alpuri duroiani saxli RebSi


uyurZno mTis raWa

mdeloebi.

`Rebis~ pirveli moxsenieba saistorio-

werilobiT wyaroebSi 1503 wels ganekuTvneba.

saukuneTa manZilze igi svaneTis SemadgenlobaSi

Sedioda. amrigad, toponim `Rebis~ saTave svanur

garemoSi unda veZioT.

migvaCnia, rom `Rebi~ svanuri sityvaa da

niSnavs rofs (geja) anu CaRrmavebul adgils,

rasac kargad amarTlebs soflis reliefi.

Zv.w. III aTaswleulis meore da II aTaswleulis

pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis

kulturam da meurneobam Zlier maRal dones

miaRwia, magram ganviTarebis done yvela

raionSi erTnairi ar yofila. gansakuTrebiT

dawinaurebula mTiani mxareebi – TrialeTi, raWa,

yvirilas zemo nawili, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT

sanapiros zogierTi mxare da Sida qarTlis

Crdilo zoli.

aRniSnuli periodis kulturis Zeglebi

kargadaa warmodgenili brilis samarovanze.

“brili” sofel Rebis dasavleTiT mTebze

wyalTaSua terasebzea ganlagbuli, romlis

samarovanic ramdenime kulturuli fenisgan

Sedgeba. samarovanis uZvelesi fena ekuTvnis Zv.w.

I aTaswleulis dasawyiss, xolo uaxlesi, ax.w. III –

IV saukuneebs.

brilis ubrwyinvalesi Zeglebis aRmoCena,

gamomzeureba, maRal mecnierul doneze Seswavla-

damuSaveba da aRniSnuli kulturisTvis saerTo

kavkasiuri da sakacobrio mniSvnelobis miniWeba

mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli gamoCenili qarTveli

mecnieris – Rebis mkvidr germane gobejiSvilis

mecnierul moRvaweobasTan.

brilis teritoriaze 1939 wlidan daiwyo

Zveli samarovanis arqologiuri gaTxra.

samarovani oTxi fenisgan Sedgeba, rac imas

moaswavebs, rom igi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

yofila gamoyenebuli. samarxebSi aRmoCenili

vercxlis rgolebi, brinjaos balTebi, brinjaos

kirklebi, cxovelTa qandakebebi, yelsabamebi,

beWdebi, Subis wverebi, satevrebi, sayureebi, qvis

samkaulebidan sardionisa da giSris mZivebi da

sxva.

brilis kulturam ramdenime epoqa (brinjaos

xana, rkinis xana, antikuri xana) mogvca. rac

iSviaTi movlenaa msoflio kulturis istoriaSi.

1833 wels saqarTveloSi imogzaura da Rebs

ewvia cnobili Sveicarieli mecnieri diubua

de monpere. man Rebis SesaniSnavi Canaxati

dagvitova. Canaxatebze kargad mosCans cixikars

aRmarTuli Zveli Rebis macxovris eklesiis

silueti - zedqalaqis kargi gumbaTiani saydari.

diubuam eklesiis mokle aRwerilobac dagvitova:

`eklesia Rebis Zveli da Zalze sadaa. mas aqvs

oTkuTxa gumbaTi. eklesiis Sesasvleli savsea

xaris rqebiT, iseve rogorc sxvagan kavkasiaSi,

sadac yoveli religiuri dResaswauli xaris

SewirviT xdeba. akldamebi zedapirze eklesiis

garSemo aris ganlagebuli, romelic soflis

yvelaze maRal adgilzea.~ diubuas Rebis

eklesiam Tavisi mSobliuri noi Satelis saydari

moagona.

macxovris saxelobis eklesia siZvelis

gamo dazianebuli iyo, amitom 1840-ian wlebSi

daangries, ris Semdegac sofelma axali ufro

masStaburi eklesia aago dabla – jvariyanaSi,

1850-ian wlebis dasawyisSi.

1921 wels ruseTis mier saqrTvelos xelme-


ored dapyrobis da komunisturi reJimis

damyarebas aTeisturi ideebis damkvidrebac

mohyva, ramac eklesiebis gauqmeba da ngrevac

gamoiwvia. taZari, romelic `TeTri xomaldiviT~

idga soflis SuagulSi da saukune amSvenebda

Rebs, 1950 wels daangries. XXI saukunis dasawyisSi,

uflis nebiT da Rebis Temis mosaxleobis

saxsrebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda macxovris eklesiis

xelaxla aSeneba imave adgilze, sadac taZari iyo

aRmarTuli.

Sua saukuneebis mTaraWis arqiteqturuli

formebi saocar msgavsebas avlenen svanur

arqiteqturasTan. SeiZleba iTqvas, es arcaa

msgavseba, aramed -- identuroba – gameoreba

svanuri xuroTmoZRvrebisa.

svanuri muryvamis tipis sam-oTxsarTuli-

ani Reburi duroiani saxli erTdroulad iTav-

sebda sacxovrebeli da sabrZolo-TavdacviT

funqciebs.

duroiani saxlis pirveli sarTuli

samurneo daniSnulebis iyo. meore da mesame

sarTuli – sacxovrebeli, meoTxe – Senobis

damagvirgvinebeli sarTuli – qoredi duroebiT

ki, sabrZolo baqans warmoadgenda. gadaxurva

orferda saxuraviani iyo. qoreds 16 sabrZolo

duros atandnen (oTx-oTxi yovel mxares).

duroiani saxlis meoTxe sarTuli – qoredi

metad STambeWdav sanaxaobas qmnis da saintere soa,

rogorc arqiteqturulad, ise konstruqciuli

TvalsazrisiT. igi saxls gvirgviniviT adgas.

qoredi gamosulia gareT 15-20 sm-iT, rac met

lazaTs aniWebs nagebobas mTlianobaSi.

RebSi Cvens dromde SemorCenili iyo erTi

duroiani saxli, magram, samwuxarod, oTxi wlis

win daingra da misgan nangrevebi darCa.

Rebis xevSi sabrZolo daniSnulebis koSkebi

duroiani saxlis gverdiT da masTan kavSirSi

Sendeboda. duroiani saxlis mesame sarTulis

kedelSi datanebuli kari gvafiqrebinebs,

rom maT Soris unda yofiliyo gadasasvleli,

damakavSirebeli xis xidi.

Reburi koSki umetesad 6-7 sarTuliani

iyo. simaRle daaxloebiT 18-20 metri hqonda.

simaRlesTan erTad koSki viwrovdeba garedan,

rac met simagres aZlevs nagebobas. koSkis

damamTavrebeli sarTuli sabrZolo-TavdacviT

baqans warmoadgenda Tormeti duroTi (yoveli

mxridan sam-sami duro). dasanania, rom Reburi

TvalSeudgami koSkebidan mxolod erTiRa

SemogvrCa dRemde – dedaRvTisad wodebuli,

romelic gasul wels SekeTda.

Rebis Temis teritoriaze Znelad misadgom

SemaRlebul adgilze saguSago koSkebs

agebdnen. maT Soris manZili damokidebuli iyo

reliefur Taviseburebaze, ise rom koSkebs

Soris mxedveloba kargi yofiliyo. dacileba

maT Soris Seadgenda daaxloebiT 2-3 km-s.

saerTo sigrZe saguSago koSkTa sistemisa 30 km-

de iyo gadaWimuli, romelic erT mTlianobaSi

mniSvnelovan xuroTmoZRvrul ansambls

Seadgenda da Cvens winaparTa maRali samSeneblo

kulturis maCvenebelia.

saguSago koSki sam-oTxsarTulian nagebobas

warmoadgenda, romlis zomebic sxvadasxva

iyo adgil-mdebareobis mixedviT. koSkebSi

mecixovneebi idgnen da cecxlis danTebiT

acnobebdnen xolme soflebs moaxloebul

safrTxes. mdinare rionis xeobaSi saguSago

koSkTa sistema Rebidan iwyeboda da goribolos

mTavrdeboda: Rebi-woxa-TevreSo-saTxeura-

xofiTo-brili. mdinare CveSuris xeobaSi: Rebi-

kaisareTo-CveSo-kodnara I – kodnara II – qvacixe.

es is adgilebia, sadac jer kidev kargad SeiniSneba

maTi nangrevebi.

Rebis skolis istoria

Rebis skolis daarseba, ganviTareba da

saboloo saxiT Camoyalibeba ganuxreladaa

dakavSirebuli XIX-XX saukunis Rebis istoriis

naTel furcelTan. skolam gansakuTrebuli

roli Seasrula mTaraWvelTa cxovrebaSi.

aTasobiT misi mkvidri eziara am saswavlebelSi

codnas. Rebis skolam Tavidanve ikisra metad

mZime tvirTi – mTaraWvelTa wera-kiTxvis

ucodinarobis aRmofxvra da swavla-ganaTlebis

damkvidreba Cvens kuTxeSi, rac didi warmatebiT

Seasrula.

RebSi skola daarsebuli iqna 1868 wels.

1872 wels Rebs estumra ingliseli mogzauri

da mTasvleli grove, romlis mowodebuli

cnobiTac RebSi ukve arsebobs erTwliani skola.

igi orsarTulian SenobaSi iyo ganTav sebuli

adgili jvarTyanaSi, romelSic ociode moswavle

swavlobda. skolis Senoba sofels Tavisi ZalebiT

auSenebia. grove da misi jgufi Ramis gasaTevad

skolis SenobaSi mouTavsebiaT.

unda aRiniSnos, rom 1860-iani wlebidan

mowinave qarTveli mamuliSvilebisa da sazo-

gadoebis iniciativiT da xelSewyobiT bevri

pirvel dawyebiTi skola gaixsna saqarTveloSi.

gansakuTrebul mondomebas am mxriv iCens

quTaisis guberniis qarTveli inteligencia.

swored am dros werda iakob gogebaSvili:

uyurZno mTis raWa


`mTels dedamiwis zurgzed ver moZebniT

imisTana kuTxes, sadac xalxsa hqondes imazed

mometebuli wadili swavlisa da codnisa,

rogorc arsebobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi.~

aRniSnul periods ukavSirdeba raWaSi ramdenime

skolis gaxsna, maT Soris, RebSic.

pirveli Rebeli maswavleblebi mxolod XIX

saukunis bolos gamoCndnen: oqropir lobjaniZe

(paatianTi) da aleqsi gobejiSvili (zvidukeeTi),

romelTa moRvaweobamac didi sikeTe moutana,

rogorc skolas, ise mTaraWis sazogadoebas.

1913 wels Rebis skola oTxklasian saswavleblad

iqca da axlad agebul mSvenier SenobaSic daido

bina (nageboba dResac dgas soflis centrSi). es

iyo mniSvnelovani movlena, ramac sagrZnoblad

aamaRla swavlis done.

1919 wels ukve damoukidebel saqarTveloSi,

gardaiqmna arasrul saSualo saswavleblad –

Svidwledad. im wels skolam 100-mde moswavle

miiRo pirvel klasSi, rac metad didi miRwevaa im

droisTvis.

1934 wels Rebis skola srul saSualo saswav-

leblad iqca, romelic dResac funqcionirebs.

saamayoa, rom kavkasionis mTavar qedsa da

Sodis qeds Soris moqceuli bunebis simSveniereSi

Cafluli ulamazesi sofeli Rebi, sul mcire, 4500

wlis istorias iTvlis da dResac, ise rogorc

uwin, burjad udgas saqarTvelos CrdiloeTis

mxridan.

Rebis skola dRes

ra xdeba dRes Rebis sajaro skolaSi? _

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad telefoniT

skolis direqtors qalbaton nunu lobjaniZes

davukavSirdiT. misi TqmiT, skolaSi dReis

monacemebiT 48 moswavlea. aqedan 4-ma meTor mete

klasi daamTavra. maT Soris saatestato gamocdaze

2 CaiWra. problema teqnikur sagnebSia. Tumca

bavSvebis brali araferia. skolis pedagogiuri

koleqtivi amdeni wlis manZilze Tavdauzogavad

iRwvis dadebiTi Sedegis misaRwevad, magram

konkretuli sag nis specialistebis ar yofnis

gamo, skolas fons gasvla uWirs. bunebrivia,

aseTi rTuli klimatis gaTvaliswinebiT Tu

vimsjelebT, axalgazrda kadrebi soflad

samuSaod ar wavlen, xolo adgilobrivi mosa-

xleobidan samwuxarod, meti resursi aRar aris.

amasTan, gulsatkenia is faqti, rom skolaSi wels

pirveli klasi ar gaixsneba.

skolas sWirdeba infrastruqturis mowe-

srigeba, direqtorTan saubrisas umTavres

problemad sakvamuri milebis Secvla dasaxelda.

mogexsenebaT, RebSi 6 Tve zamTaria, Rumeli aq

gauneleblad gizgizebs, am dros ki iqauroba

kvamlSia gaxveuli. garda amisa, Senobis pirveli

sarTuli gasaremontebelia. Senoba mTlianad

saWiroebs kosmetikur remonts. iqneb vinmem

gulTan miitanos maTi gasaWiri, gana ra Tanxebs

unda ukavSirdebodes aseTi mcire kompleqtiani

skolisTvis am problemis moxsna.

rogorc qalbatonma nunum aRniSna, skolas

aqtiurad udgas mxarSi s.s. `zofxiTo goldis~

mTavri geologi kaxa kuWava, romelmac

mniSvnelovnad Secvala da gaaumjobesa skolis

infrastruqtura. 4 wlis win batonma Tengiz

gavaSelma Turme skolis ganviTarebis fonds 1000

lari Seswira. samwuxaroa, rom sxvaTa Tanadgomas

direqtori ver ixsenebs.

qalbatoni nunu profesiiT filologia, or-

moci welia moswavleTa aRzrda-ganviTarebaze

zrunavs. aTi weli skolis direqtorad muSaobs.

swuxs, rom skolaSi specialistebis naklebobaa,

ar hyavT ucxo enis, fizkulturis, fizika-

maTematikis, dawyebiTis specialistebi. Sesa-

bamisad am sagnebs sxva profesiis maswavle blebi

aswavlian.

ai, am pirobebSi, qalbatoni nunus da

TiToeuli pedagogis damsaxurebaa, rom

bavSvebi qveynis saswavlo erovnul programas

ar CamorCnen da monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva

turebsa Tu olimpiadebSi. Rebis skolis erT-erT

moswavles mimdinare saswavlo wels olimpiadaSi

gamarjvebisaTvis diplomi da sigeli gadaeca,

aseve ufros klaselTa mier damuSavebuli iqna

Tema _ akaki da XXI-e saukune. axlaxans Rebelma

bavSvebma onis kulturis saxlis scenaze vaJa-

fSavelas saiubileo RonisZieba gamarTes. maT

imdenad Seisisxlxorces mTis kacis mrwamsi da

buneba, gegonebodaT es bavSvebi sul scenaze

dganano.

moswavleTa garkveuli nawili TviTSem-

oqmedebiTac gamoirCeva, weren, xataven, mRerian,

cekvaven...

Rebis sajaro skola soflis da ara marto

soflis, mTis raWis mTavari sasicocxlo

arteriaa, da Tu amas kargad gavacnobierebT,

unda mivxvdeT, rom Rebis skolis arseboba da

misi xelSewyoba udidesi erovnuli Rirebulebaa

da vinc mis ganviTarebaze fiqrobs, erovnuli

gmirebi arian.

Rebis skolis direqtors

telefoniT daukavSirda

nino rexviaSvili

uyurZno mTis raWa


profili

sofeli Rebi maRalmTiani raWis teritoriaa - onis centridan 35 kilometriTaa daSorebuli. gza iseTia - Tagvi kisers moitexs - jayjaya da dangreuli, magram guldagul mivdivarT - gvinda Cveni TvaliT vnaxoT sofeli, romlis siZliereze odesRac legendebs hyvebodnen, aqauri kacis buneba, iumori, folklori ki onSi yvelas pirze akeria. Cven bevrni varT - erTi kviraa studen turi praqtika gvaqvs raWaSi da am ulamazesi kuTxis istoriaze, bunebaze, xalxze, proble mebze universitetSi masala unda CavitanoT. Rebis gareSe ki, rogorc gviTxres, fons ver gavalT - es is sofelia, romelic saistorio wyaroebSi 1503 wlidan moixsenieba, dRes mxolod 150-mdea SemorCenili da isic ZiriTadad - moxucebis wyalobiT. vikipedia gveubneba, rom 2002 wlis aRweriT, RebSi 492 kaci cxovrobs, magram es monacemebi ukve gazviadebulia - soflis Saraze aqa-iq Tu mohkravT Tvals adamians... iSviaTad - axalgazrdas.

aha, isic - cas gamokidebuli ulamazesi sofeli... mTebs Soris Casmuli, xasxasa simwvaniT da saocrad lurji ciT, romelic Cveni vizitisas moqufruli, nisliani dagvxvda... mimoixedav da ager, xelis gawvdenazea mTis wveri, romelsac nisli mxolod welamde swvdeba da jerac Tovlis qudi axuravs... aq

gazafxuli gvian modis, Semodgoma - adre... fiqrob, ra lamazia?... magram aq rogor unda icxovro?... telefoni alag-alag iWers, interneti ... uf, ra vici... vera, ver vicxovreb... netav isini rogor cxovroben, vinc darCa, vinc ar miatova, vinc es sofeli SeinarCuna?.. cota xanSi gavifanteT... yvelam Tavisi sfero moiZia da wavida - unda Caweron, mousminon, gaecnon... me skolas mivaSure - odesRac raWis regionis erT-erT uZlieres da mravalricxovan skolas... axla aq cotaniRa arian - sul raRac 46 moswavle da ramdenime maswavlebeli. aqeT-iqiT ixedebi da askvni, sxva soflidan an raionidan

yovel dRe aq veravin amova, arada, skolaa - erTi moswavlec rom iyos, unda aswavlo, isedac daicala sofeli... diax, is erTic sazrunavia, iqneb swored isaa, vinc arasodes miatovebs am aremares... iqneb isaa, vizec gadava fesvebis simtkice... hoda aswavlian... is qalbatonic aq aswavlis: nunu gavaSeli - skolis maswavlebeli, araerTi Taobis gamzrdeli, bunebiT lideri da Seupovari qali, romelmac profesia aqamde orjer gamoicvala, axla mesamed gamosacvlelad emzadeba TiTqos Cveulebrivi istoriaa, arafriT gamorCeuli, magram aq aseTi lideri qalebi arian - Cumad mofusfuseni, Zlierni, soflis avis da kargis gamgebni, sadac saWiroa - gamwevni da gamtanni. ise, aq qalebs gansakuTrebiT pativs scemen, magram ara mxolod rogorc diasaxliss, dedas da bebias, aramed, tradiciulad, soflis Tavsa da liders. amas saukuneebis winandeli legendac gveubneba: Rebi Zalian Seuwuxebia batonebs - sam Zma areSiZes. sofels, vinme zviad lobjaniZis meTaurobiT, SeTqmuleba mouwyvia da ori Zma mouklavs. mesame Zmas ki gauswria da rionze cxeniT gadasvla ganuzraxavs. mas Rebeli qali - doduki dasdevnebia da wyalze gasvla uTxovia areSiZisTvis. cxenze Semousvams batons doduki. Sua rionSi qals cxenidan gadmougdia

nunu gavaSelis cxovrebis gza


profiliareSiZe da orive rionis talRebs wauRia. swored am dodukis daubarebia anderZad: Tu areSiZes movklav, tabla (kveri) gamomicxveT, rom Cemma sulma simSvide igrZnoso. Rebelebi am anderZs dRemde asruleben - Wirisufali sakurTxis damzadebisas or tablas dodukis mosaxseneblad acxobs. qalbatoni nunu sofelSi cnobilia, rogorc misabaZi diasaxlisi, Zlieri, mizandasaxuli, mebrZoli da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT savse pirovneba - liderobis yvela TvisebiT. is RebSi daibada... skola 1979 wels daamTavra da Semdeg soxumis institutSi teqnologiis fakultetze Caabara. 1987-Si universiteti daamTavra da im rvakacian jgufSi moxvda, romelTac aspiranturaSi unda CaebarebinaT. maSin aspiranturaSi Cabareba gadado, radgan ganawilebis Semdeg (ase xdeboda Turme sabWoTa dros), soxumis sakonservo qarxanaSi cvlis inJinrad daiwyo muSaoba. 1989 wels mama gardaecvala da aspiranturaSi Casabareblad soxumSi veRar dabrunda. male omic daiwyo da Rebs SemorCa. cota xanSi ki amave sofelSi vefxia gavaSelze gaTxovda. ambobs, rom Zalian gaumarTla, aseTi qmari rom Sevxda - ganaTlebuli, Wkviani da meojaxe (batoni vefxia ramdenime weli Rebis rwmunebulic iyo, wers leqsebs da 2 krebulis avtoricaa). im faqts, rom ojaxi Rebidan qalaqSi ver wamovida, qalbatoni nunu beds miawers, Tumca rogorc ambobs, ganvlil cxovrebaSi sananebeli araferi aqvs - sofelsac patroni unda. nunu gavaSeli is adamiania, romelic gamonaTqvams - „swavla siberemdeo“ mTlianad amarTlebs. swavlobs, rom aswavlos... rogorc Tavad ambobs, soflis mitoveba azrad ar mosvlia. ise, saTqmelad advilia „iswavle da aswavle“, magram mis biografias rom gaecnobi, mixvdebi - Tu adamiani moindomebs, SeuZlebeli araferia. nunu gavaSeli 2004 wlidan Rebis sajaro sko laSi germanuls aswavlis. ambobs, rom specia lobiT qimiisa da biologis specialistia, Tumca im xanebSi skolaSi am sagnis maswavleblebi ukve hyavdaT. 2000-ian wlebSi sofelSi germanulis maswavleblis adgili gaTavisuflda. ra unda eqna? adga da daiwyo germanulis swavla - iyida wignebi, qarTul- germanuli leqsikoni da sul nulidan - anbanidan iswavla jer wera - kiTxva, mere ena da mere misi swavlebis meTodebi. axla am periods RimiliT ixsenebs da xumrobs: „me

rom viwvale, dali fanjikiZes (qalbatoni dali germanulis ubadlo mcodne, mTargmneli, Tsu-is profesori iyo wlebis ganmavlobaSi) ar uwvalia imdenio.“ germanuli wignebis kiTxvac rom SeZlo, skolis direqtors Sansis micema sTxova. mas Semdeg aTi weli gavida da dRemde germanuls maswavlebelia, Tumca axla sxva problema daudga - es ena dRes mxolod damamTavrebel meTerTmete, meTormete klasebSi iswavleba, Semdeg klasebSi ki skolis saswavlo programidan germanulis swavleba amoiRes da qalbatoni nunu - sakmaod didi gamocdilebis mqone pedagogi, isedac adamianebisgan daclil sofelSi skolis gareSe rCeba, axali maswavlebeli ki sofelSi ki ara, onSic sanTliT saZebaria. ra unda qnas aseT dros unarianma adamianma? - an gul-xeli daikrifos da wuwuns mohyves, an Zvel gzas daadges da magaliTi aCvenos axalgazrdobas - Tu kaci rames moindomebs, SeuZlebeli araferia. hoda, qalbatonma nunumac sxva gamosavali ipovna - ivlisSi pedagogTa sasertifikacio gamocdebze gadis, rom sertifikatis aRebis Semdeg skolaSi dawyebiTi klasis xelmRvaneli gaxdes. ambobs, rom saswavli uamravi masalaa, cota gauZnelda kidec momzadeba, magram mTel Tavisufal dros mecadineobaSi atarebs da sakuTari Tavis imedi aqvs. ar aris nunu gavaSeli TviTmmarTvelobis wevri, magram lideria - soflis lideri, pativsacemi da Wkuis sakiTxavi qali. CemTvis es is adamiania, romelic saqarTvelos dRes Zalian sWirdeba -ojaxis burji, sazogadoebis suli da guli, energiuli, uSiSari. qalbatoni nunu - kargi diasaxlisi da meojaxe, meuRlesTan erTad dReSi Teqvsmet sul saqonels uvlis, baRSic muSaobs, soflis Wir-varamsac iziarebs da iseTi lamazia, Tvals ver moswyvet... is ori Svilis dedaa da Tavisi aRzrdili SvilebiT amayobs. saxlis meore sarTuli savsea wignebiT. Taroebze Semolagebul mxatvrul literaturasa da narkvevebs Svilebis sigelebi da vercxlis medali amSvenebs. dRes nunu gavaSelis qaliSvilic da vaJic Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetebSi swavloben. RebSi darCenili deda maT momavalze did imeds amyarebs, oRond zustad icis, rom misi Svilebi am sofels ar miatoveben - Rebi ar unda daicalos.

sofio xaTaSvili


uecrad gawvimda, ise, rogorc aq, mTian raWaSi icis – kokispirulad. manqana savse iyo, Tumca gulgrilad ver davtoveT moxuci, romelic gaCerebaze idga da xels gviqnevda. Cveni danaxva gauxarda, Tqven rom ar gageCerebinaT, 9 kilometri fexiT unda gamevloo. qalbatoni Tamar metreveli sasiamovno mosaubre aRmo-Cnda, sasixarulo bevri moigona, problemebis gasacnobad ki TavisTan, sofel nigavzebSi dagvpatiJa.

76 wlis Tamar metreveli-gogriWiani kar-midamos maTvalierebinebs, Tavis motanil fiCxebs da Tivas maCvenebs.

`vinmes mivcem 20 lars, movaTibineb da mere zurgiT momaqvs es Tiva. fiCxsac vagroveb, magram, aba, amiT zamTars xom ver gavatareb. sanam bebia-babua da mSoblebi iyvnen cocxlebi, Rvinoc gvqonda, beRelic. erT venaxSi 32 gideli (xisgan mownuli yurZnis Casayreli) yurZeni ikrifeboda. es saxli dedaCemis iyo, ver mivatove aqauroba da isev davbrundi. zamTarSi onSi mivdivar SvilTan, meSinia aq gaCerebis,“ _ ambobs qalbatoni Tamari.

adgilobrivi mosaxeloba zamTarSi soflebs tovebs da qalaqSi midis, ZiriTadad, aq arsebuli mZime socialuri problemebis gamo. Tumca arian iseTebic, romlebsac sxvagan wasasvleli ar aqvT da sofelSi darCena uwevT.

Cemi maspinZeli Tamari marto cxovrobs.

zafxulSi SviliSvilebi stumroben da Tavisi moyvanili soflis produqtebiT umaspinZldeba. ambobs, rom saqmis keTeba ar ezareba:

`24 wlis ganmavlobaSi biologiis maswav-lebeli viyavi. soflis saqmisa ki imdeni viswavle, rom Cemi xeliT momyavs yvelaferi. sami Svili da Svidi SviliSvili myavs. zafxulSi isini rom modian, rZes, yvels, qaTams, kvercxs vaxvedreb. Semodgomaze lobios, siminds, kartofils movugroveb da vatan. imdeni kartofili momyavs, rom yidva ar mWirdeba. onidan sofelSi imitom wamovedi, rom minda, sanam cocxali viqnebi, Rori, qaTami da Zroxa viyolio. Znelia aq meurneobis gaZRola. axla, magaliTad, yanis daxvna minda da traqtori ver amogviyvania. ar scaliao, gveubnebian, jer sofel uweras sWirdebao, SeiZleba, sulac ar movidnen,” _ meubneba Tamari da saxlis dasaTvaliereblad mivyavar.

`mTeli dRe SromaSi gadis. saRamoobiT televizors vuyureb, amis gareSe cxovreba ar SemiZlia. Cem garSemo saxlebi carielia, wina mezobeli TbilisSia, gverdiT saerTod aravin cxovrobs. mezoblebi mxolod lelo da iza metrevelebi arian. isini rom ara aq yofna mec gamiWirdeboda, xmis gamcemi xom unda myavdes vinme?” - saxls vtovebT da mezobelTan - lelo metrevelTan - gadavdivarT, misi saxli miwisZvris dros dazaralda. qalbaton lelos oTaxebSi Sevyavar da bzarebs maCvenebs.

`pirveli miwisZvra 1992 wels moxda da kedlebi maSin dazianda. elementarul daxmarebas viTxovT, marto fuli xom araa, dagvexmaron blokiT, cementiT. gveSinia, iataki ar Cavardes, _ ambobs lelo metreveli.

meuRle 20 wlis win gardaecvala. sami Svili da rva SviliSvili hyavs. Tavad rusTavSi cxovrobs, magram mSoblebis saxls raWaSi, sofel nigavzebSi uyuradRebod ar tovebs.

`ar minda, Cemi mSobliuri saxli daingres. Zma ar myavs, amitom aqaurobas ver vtoveb. minda, me TviTon mivxedo, mere ki Cemi Svilebi da SviliSvilebi gaagrZeleben. saxli rom ar mqondes, mSoblebis saflavze mainc amovidodi.

saxeebi

adgilis dedis gamoZaxiliºyored ar aqcioT aqauroba!»


roca mZime zamTaria, sofel nigavzebSi 12-dan 14 ojaxamde rCeba. mec vtoveb zamTarSi saxls, magram rogorc ki gamozafxuldeba, maSinve amovdivar da miwas vamuSaveb, aq moyvanil produqts ojaxs vaxmar,” _ gviambobs lelo metreveli.

raWis daclas qalbatoni lelo umuSevrobas da mZime socialur pirobebs ukavSirebs:

`winaT kurorti muSaobda, xalxi sanato-riumebSi iyo dasaqmebuli. rac samsaxurebi aRaraa, nel-nela raWac icleba. Cems bavSvobaSi maxsovs sanaxSoze moiyrida xolme xalxi Tavs, axla ase aRaraa, marto zafxulobiT ivseba aqauroba. Zvirfasi mSromeli xalxi cxovrobs raWaSi, magram pirobebi rom ar iyo Tavis droze, aqauroba datoves.”

lelo metrevels mezobelTan iza metrevelTan mivyavarT. isic martoxelaa da mSoblebis saxls ar tovebs. iza metrevelis saxlic miwisZvris dros dazaralda:

`saxlis nawili me-18 saukunisaa. kedlebi dabzaruli, xelis SeSveleba unda. bevri vecade, rom rame saxsari momepovebina, magram verafriT dagvexmarnen. nawili Cemi saxsrebiT aRvadgine, meti ver SevZeli,” – ambobs igi da Tavisi ojaxis istorias gviyveba.

iza metrevels mama ar unaxavs, is meore msoflio omSi daiRupa:

`deda Cemze iyo orsulad, roca mama veRar dabrunda. qudebs akeTebda xolme da SovSi da uweraSi yidda. maxsovs, mec vexmarebodi qudebis gakeTebaSi,” - ixsenebs da mSoblebis werilebs gviCvenebs. furclebi siZvelisgan alag-alag daxeulia, nawerebi ki Znelad ikiTxeba. miuxedavad amisa, advilad gaarCevT, ramxela siyvaruliTaa dawerili mokiTxvebi, romelsac iza metrevelis mama cols swerda:

`gogo rom gavCndi, mamas mouweria, ar idardo, siZec sayvareliao. axla yvelaze kargad var, magram omi gviaxlovdebao...” - Tvalcremliani agrZelebs werilebis kiTxvas: `salami pelos! me cocxali aRar megone, magram raki cocxali xarT, gamarjoba Seni. momikiTxe Zma niko, nastia, bagrati... Tqven Tu kargad

iqnebiT, mec kargad viqnebi.. Tqvens ambebs ratom ar mwerT?! xom iciT, sicocxle minaxevrdeba, Tqvens ambavs rom ver vgebulob.” `salami simo-nas! pirvelad gisurveb janmrTelobas da im miznebis ganxorcielebas, romel miznebsac Sen isaxavde gulSi. imedic aris, rom ar CamorCebi sxvas... pirvelad Cven mogikiTxavT Zalian didi siyvaruliT da pirze kocniT...”- xma ukankalebs lelo bebos da xvdebi, ra aCerebs aq, ratom ver tovebs mama-papiseul saxls da ratom erTgulobs fesvebs.

`ori welia avad var da saqoneli aRar myavs, ar SemiZlia movla. mezobeli wasuli romaa, erTi suli maqvs rodis mova, ver gaZleb ise. Cemi saxlis ukan biZaSvilebi cxovroben, isini rom ar iyvnen, Rames ver gavaTevdi. zamTarSi vtoveb saxls da SvilTan mivdivar. Zalian minda, zamTarSic aq viyo, magram ar aris pirobebi da ver vCerdebi. SeSa mainc xom gvinda, ojaxebi visac hyavs, imaT moaqvT, magram martoxela qalebma ra vqnaT?” _ ase vasrulebT saubars martoxela qalbatonebTan da gzad momavalT sagzlad mogvaqvs maTi urTierTobis, Tanadgomisa da erTgulebis niWi.

raWaSi rTulia moZebno respondenti, imdeni daclili saxlia, Tumca advilia maTi daTanxmeba interviuze. gaxarebulebi Semogcicineben, problemebs giziareben da imedi aqvT, rom odesRac raWasac mieqceva yuradReba. Cvenc am imediT vtovebT sofel nigavzebs. lelo metreveli raWidan gzavnils gvawvdis:

`Cems raWvelebs movuwodeb, rom ar miatovon kar-midamo da TavianT saxlebs daubrundnen. mixedon da yerod ar gadaaqcion Cveni

sofeli. namosaxlariao, ar unda Tqvas aravin. SviliSvilic Tu aris, unda movides da mixedos winaprebis saxls.”

P.S. qalbatoni Tamari Cemi maswavlebeli iyo, botanikas gvaswavlida. arasdros damaviwydeba misi siTbo, damajerebeli damrigeblobiTi toni da logika.

nino rexviaSvili

saxeebi


lotbari

lotbariSalva jafariZe - ansambli `biWuneebi~

`aseTma kavSirma xalxur xelovnebasTan, ganapiroba Cemi Semoqmede bis qvakuTxedis gamoTlac-raWuli folkloris Seswavla, popularizacia, amRereba saxalxo gundis mier da Semdeg momavali TobebisaTvis gadacema. am siyvarulma Sva axali idea, ansambli `biWuneebi”. es vaJebi raWuli da saerTod qarTuli xalxuri simReris wyalobiT saqarTvelos istorias eziarebian, kacTmoyvare adamianebad izrdebian, avisa da kargis Semcnobad yalibdebian. Cemi ocnebac es iyo!.. es ansambli gaxda cvla momavlisaTvis. im periodSi saqarTveloSi mxolod ansambli `marTve” arsebobda, sadac patara qarTvelebsac SeeZloT mSobliuri qveynis unikaluri nimuSebi SeeswavlaT~.

`ansambli `biWuneebi” mravalgzis festi-valebis laureati gaxlavT. gansakuTrebu-lad nayofieri gamodga batoni Salvas sicocxlis bolo wlebSi `biWuneebis” mier ganvlili SemoqmedebiTi gza. isini bavSvTa respublikur festivalebze samgzis gran –pris mflobelebi gaxdnen da mTeli saqarTvelos siyvaruli moipoves. es ansambli iseTive saxelovania, rogorc ansambli `raWa” da am tradiciasac iseTive mokrZaleba da Tanadgoma

sWirdeba, rogorc Tavad qarTul folklors. `biWuneebSi” mravali Taoba aRizarda. dRes, ansamblis yofili wevrebi dedaqalaqis did ansamblebSi moRvaweoben da damoukideblad miikvleven SemoqmedebiT gzas. RvTis madliT, am tradicias batoni Salvas qaliSvilma-iremam uerTgula da dRes onis moswavle-axalgazrdobis saxlSi patara qarTvelebi isev eziarebian qarTuli xalxuri xelovnebis madls. am mamuliSvilur saqmes, am patara qarTvelebs, mofrTxileba da Tanadgoma sWirdeba. es biWebi xvalindeli saqarTvelos, qarTuli xalxuri xelovnebis moamageebad unda iqcnen... batoni Salvas locva madliani eweodeT zeciuri saqarTvelodan! mravalJamier yofiliyos maTi svla dedamiwaze!

msaxiobiSalva jafariZe Tavis yvela saqmesTan

erTad Teatrsac erTgulebda. Salva: `giga bavSvobidanve gvaziarebda mec da Suqurasac scenis madls. Teatri saocrebaTa samya-roSi gvaxedebda, gvwv rTnida, gvrandavda, gvxvewda, gvamaRlebda da dRemde Seuda-rebelia CemTvis Teatris siyvaruli xelovnebis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT. igi

Salva jafariZis Semoqmedebis Strixebi

lotbarilotbari

saukunis lotbarisaukunis lotbarisaukunis lotbarilotbari

saukunis lotbarilotbari




lotbarisinTezuri xelovnebaa da adamianisagan mravalmxriv niWierebas moiTxovs. Tavis qebad nu CamomarTmevT da swored ase sinTezurad iyo Cvens da-ZmebSi Serwymuli leqsic, simRerac, cekvac, msaxiobobac, mxatvrobac, Zerwvac, dramaturgiac da vin mosTvlis kidev ramdeni wvrilmani, romliTac savsea Teatraluri samyaro.” -gigas TeatrSi Salva erT-erTi wamyvani msaxiobi iyo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. erTimeoris miyolebiT asxamda xorcs saintereso scenur saxeebs.

mestvirestviri batoni Salvas meore didi sixaruli

iyo. am siyvarulSic giga jafariZis guli da xeli eria. man aziara umcrosi Zma am sak-ravis keTil jados da Salva jafariZec mas aRarasodes ganSorebia. Salva Cinebulad daeufla stvi rze dakvris da damRerebis xelovnebas. man TviTon aawyo qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi `mumli muxasa~, `sazandruli~, `mwyemsuri~, `gafrindi Savo mercxalo~, `yaz-beguri~, `sacekvao~, misi repertuari dRi-Ti dRe mdidrdeboda. Salva _`aseTi siTbo da sitkbo mis magvar sakravTagan arcerTs ar aqvs, masze erTdroulad SeiZleba dakvrac da damRerebac” quTaisidan daiwyo misi svla, rogorc mestvirisa, xSirad siamayiT

uTqvams:Sors wasulan raWveli mestvireebi, magram Cemze Sors stviris saxeli aravis gautania!.. sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina Salva jafariZes, misi namuSevris SefasebisaTvis marto gaqrobamde misuli erovnuli sakravis, gudastviris popularizacia eyofoda” `vin icis, ramdenjer gauxarebia saqarTvelo, ramdenjer miulocavs axali weli Tavisi gudastviriT, ramdenjer usurvebia dReg-rZeloba qarTveli xalxisaTvis. mayurebels xiblavda es warmosadegi vaJkaci, romelic mgznebared umReroda mSobliur qveyanas, erovnuli kulturis Zeglebs, iyo saamayo mamuliSvili.” zemo raWidan wamosulma `mestvirulma” mravali sakon certo darbazi aaforiaqa moskovsa Tu praRaSi, leningradsa Tu budapeStSi, ungreTsa da poloneTSi, germaniasa da safrangeTSi.. stvirze dakvris xelovnebac gadauloca batonma Salvam momaval Taobas, radgan Tavad yvelaze kargad uwyoda, rom winapris danatovars gafrTxileba sWirdeba, xolo tradicias gagrZeleba da ganviTareba.

mxatvariSalva jafariZe mxatvaric gaxldaT..

mis mieraa Sesrulebuli sastumro `raWis” simbolo, manve sakuTari surviliT sofel Rars da Rarvelebs, aCuqa mxatvruli tilo `sajvareoba”, sorelebs ki `fuZeoba”, mis funjs ekuTvnis araerTi saintereso tilo, romlebic mis saojaxo arqivSi inaxeba.


kvleva

Sumerebis istorias cisa da miwis gaCeniT iwyeben: gasaocaria, saidan icodnen es isto-ria; auxsnelia ra Tvali uyurebda maSin dedamiwas, roca ca da miwa nawildeboda, roca sul wyliT iyo dafaruli miwa da xmeleTi ki ar arsebobda.

aseve saocaria da auxsneli qarTuli asomTavrulis _ Sumerebis anbanis Seqmnac. saidan? rogor? risi nawilia anbanis es uzarmazari civilizacia, vin Seqmna anbani mTeli am ukidegano sibrZniT! saidan es aradedamiwiseuli sibrZne _ samyaro, sadac erTi wertilia Cveni dedamiwa _ es sicocxlis deda, romelsac Sumerebi enqis eZaxdnen (en-ufal+qi-miwa) _ ufal miwas! anbani yvelaze didi istoriaa dedamiwaze! anbanis istoria dedamiwis Sumeruli istoriiT unda daiwyos, radganac anbans da dedamiwis istoriis warmomavlobas erTi fuZe aqvT da samyaros civilizaciis erT saZirkvelze dganan. dedamiwis dabadebis istoriaa isic, rom am or SemTxvevas _ dedamiwis Seqmnis istorias da anbans, erTi da igive RvTaebebi hyavT!

vin icis, ramdeni aTasi weli modis kacobriobis istoria da ramdeni aTasi weli maxinjdeboda eridan erSi gadataniT, an rogor Slida da Wamda droJami da aTaswleulebi Tixaze, qvaze da kldeze daweril kacTa istorias. magram ver gabzara, ver gatexa, ver waSala... feric ver ucvala am saocar sibrZnes-anbans. igi, rogorc gaCnda aTaswleulebis win, zustad iseTia dResac, elferiT, azriT da SinaarsiT, rogorc maradiuli Tvaxiluli suli! amas vin warmoidgenda, rom rac ki uZveles aRmosavleTSi sibrZnea, imaTi saTave iqneboda

anbani, Semdgari ocdaxuTmeti asoniSnisagan, kacobriobis es yvelaze didi saocrebaa.

am kvleva _ Ziebis istoria, ki, ase iwyeba.

Cemi aniko maswavlebelipirvelad skolaSi Cemma, saqarTvelosaviT

sayvarelma qarTulis maswavlebelma _ aniko qurcikiZem rom gviTxra `anbanSi asoniSnebs Tavisi Sinaarsi aqvso~, gamecina. Cems maswavlebels ki, ewyina... da miTxra, gaimeore, rac vTqvio. mec gavimeore _ `anbanSi asoniSans Sinaarsi aqvs~... mas Semdeg aRar momSorebia es saocari azri, erT asoSi ra Sinaarsi unda iyos_meTqi; aso asoa, iwereba, ikiTxeba, magram ramdenadac metad SeuZlebeli megona, imdenad micxoveldeboda interesi. am saidumlos mignebisa.

anbanuri saidumoebamTel msoflioSi gabatonebulia azri, rom

anbanSi aris Sefarebuli saidumlo, magram msoflios arcerTma anbanma es ar daadastura; am saidumloebas msoflios mecnierebma ver miagnes. roca anbani gadadioda eridan erSi da vrceldeboda mTel dedamiwaze, ambavic saidumloebis Sesaxeb gahyva da vrceldeboda mTels msoflioSi.sad ar eZebes, vin ar eZebda, ra mecnierebi ar daSvrnen anbanis SeswavliT, magram ara da ar gamoCnda es Sefaruli saidumlo arcerT anbanSi, vera da ver miagnes, vera da ver aRmoaCines, ra saidumoeba, ra ricxviTi mniSveneloba, ra astroriuli mniSvneloba unda yofiliyo anbanSi, an ra Sinaarsi SeiZleboda hqonoda asoniSnebs amerikeli Sumerologis krameris mixedviT

istoria iwyeba Sumeridan

maradiuli Tvalxiluli suli

Sumerebis winaproba aRiara da amas amtkicebs Cveni

uzarmazari saunje da msoflios pirveli saocreba _ anbani,

rac anbanma gaacxada, amis gacxadeba ar SeeZloYT rac ki

mecnierebi yofilan dasabamidan dRemde dedamiwaze!!!

zurab qafianiZe


kvleva

Zv. w. mesame aTaswleulis bolos meoTxedSi qalaq aqadaSi mcxovreb semitebs Sumerebisgan gadauRiaT anbani. TiTqmis oTxiaTasi welia moyveba es ambavi anbanis istorias, magram mis saTaves vera da ver miakvlies am cnobiT dainteresebulma msoflios mecnierebma. msoflioSi arc erTma anbanma es saidumlo ara da ver gamoaCina da msoflios verc erT anbanSi saidumlos ver miakvlies.

aCrdiliviT damsdevda msoflios anbanebs Tandayolili ambavi saidumloebebis Sesaxeb, magram misi asaval_dasavali ver naxes, msoflios verc erTma mecnierma anbanis Seswavlas 4000 wlis manZilze versad miagno. verc miagnebdnen, radgan es saidumloeba mxolod erT anbans hqonda; am erTaderT anbans ki, msoflio ar icnobda da arc dRes icnobs. msoflios mecnierebma arc is icodnen da dResac ar ician Tu Sumerebs ra anbani hqondaT da saidan moZRvravdnen msoflios xazobrivi ricxviTi kalendaruli codnis religiiT; ar icodnen sad iyo civilizaciis saTave da kacobriobis es yvelaze didi saocreba, Sumerebis anbani.

pirvel gadamRebebs anbanisas, semitebs, Sumerebma ar gaatanes is civilizacia, rac maT anbans hqonda da mere, raki semitebisagan gavrcelda mTel qveyanaze anbani, jer mTelma aRmosavleTma gadaiRo igi da mere msofliom. is saidumlo ki, rac hqonda, semitebma, ra Tqma unda ar icodnen. amitom anbanSi ambavi saidumloebis Sesaxeb legendad darCa, radganac anbanuri saidumloeba arcerT anbans ar aRmoaCnda, rac ki anbanebia mTels dedamiwis zurgze asomTavrulis garda.

saqarTvelos da kacobriobis isto-riis saTave

saqarTvelos dakarguli istoriis migneba, aRmoCena da aRdgena niSnavs, rom aRadgino kacobriobis istoriis saTaveebi.

diax, aseT urTierTkavSirSia saqarTvelos da kacobriobis istoria. am winadadebaSi gacxadebuli azris gagebaSi ar arian saqarTvelos am dargis regveni mecnierebi, profesorebi, doqtorebi da akademikosebi.

Cems pirvel wignSi ganvacxade, rom ubedureba is ki ara aris qarTvelTa mtrebs SuriT rom avsebs, es aRmoCena-ubedureba is aris qarTvel swavlulTa didi nawili rom

gaborotdeba Cveni anbanis sidiadiT-Tqo, rom am aRmoCenis didi winaaRmdegoba Sexvdeba-Tqo, magram am brZolas dinjad da didi nebisyofiT Cavatareb-Tqo da mixvdeba kidec dRemde es brZola!

jer sakiTxavia ratomaa saWiro saqarTve-loSi didi qarTuli saqmisTvis brZola.

am did qarTul saqmeze davamTavre Segoneba, Txovna, mudara am dargis mecnierebTan da mTavrobasTan. amitom gazeTi Sumeri iwyebs uTanasworo brZolas gaugebrebTan, yruebTan, bnelebTan, gagebis uazroebasTan. es exeba deda im dargis mecnierebs, romlebic abneleben da Sreten saqarTvelos sinaTles da ryvnian saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyos da momavals da yvelaze didi ubedureba is aris, rom am orma universitetma sakuTari qarTuli anbani ar icis!

raSia saqme, ra enaze, ra kulturaze, ra ganaTlebaze, ra anbanze, ra saqarTvelos da kacobriobis istoriaze?

vin iyvnen SumerebiSumerebi iwyeben kacobriobis civilizacias.

Sumerebi is xalxia, romlebmac gaanaTles jer azia, mere evropa, Semdeg ki mTeli msoflio. `Sumerebi Zvel msoflioSi yvelaze maRali civilizaciis xalxi~ _ krameri. gv.39 i.i.S.

Sumerebi arian pirvelebi, romlebic _ lur smnuli damwerlobiT iwyeben weras deda-miwaze `romlebmac udidesi wvlili Seitanes kacobriobis civilizaciis istoriaSi~.

Sumerebma Seqmnes religia dedamiwaze, maT aswavles locva kacobriobas. `uniWieresma Sumerelma moazrovneebma Seqmnes religiur-filosofiur SexedulebaTa mTeli sistema, romelsac Tayvans scemdnen maSindeli aRmosavleTis qveynebi! _ krameri. es Zv. w. IV-III aTaswleulia. gv. 39. i.i.S.

Sumerebma Seqmnes dedamiwaze pirveli mzisa da mTavris kalendari _ wamebis sizustiT, razec Tanamedrove msoflios astronomebs warmodgenac ara aqvT.

Sumerebma aswavles dedamiwis xalxs xazobrivi civilizacia. Sumerebma aswavles kacobriobas ricxvi, misi azri da Sinaarsi. Sumerebma aswavles, mTeli dedamiwis xalxs _erTi RmerTi _ samyaros Semqmneli da mbrZanebeli, astronomiulad galaqtike-bis Suaguli, romelma RmerTmac mzis sistema aCuqa dedamiwiT mcenareebs, cxovelebs,


adamians da civilizacias.Sumerebis RvTaebaTa panTeoni iyo msoflios

xalxis pirveli salocavebi_mTvare, mze, sinaTle, mzeTamze, didi RmerTi ciskris varskvlavi da dedamiwa _ xari.

Sumerebma aswavles msoflios igav-arakis, moTxrobis, leqsis da istoriis wera.

Sumerebma icodnen, rom zecidan iyvnen movlenili jer kidev Z.w. 6504 wels da meored Zv.w. 5604 wels, rasac amowmebs svanuri sityva zecidan movlenas _ cismaare _ e.i. cis kaci da kolxeTis mefis aietis tituli _ mzis Svili da zecidan movlenas adastureben msoflios mecnierebic.

Sumerebma aswavles xatva da qandakeba msoflios.

Sumerebis gmiri iyo gilgameSi_kacobri-obis pirveli mefe usamarTlobasTan mebrZoli. am saxels ki msoflioSi marto svanuri dialeqti xsnis, gilga _saxelia, meSial _ meomari!

Sumerebs `samyaros warmoSobaSi~ naxsenebi aqvT RvTaebebi ani-qi-lile-en. ani-mTvarea Sumerulad da anbaniT, qi _ miwaa Sumerulad da anbaniT, lile_ haeri, niavi, suli Sumerulad da svanurad. en _ ufali Sumerulad da anbaniT.

Sumerebi iwyeben dedamiwaze anbanur weras, radganac semitebma Sumerebidan iswavles

anbani da semituri pirvel anbanad miiCnia msofliom, radganac iqidan gavrcelda de-damiwaze anbani. Zv. w. III aTaswleulis bo los dampyrobma semitebma Sumerebisgan marto damwerloba rodi gadmoiRes~ _ krameri gv.14 i.i.S.

Sumerebi aRar arian, ase ician msoflios Sumerologebma _ ena mkvdaria da xalxi gadaSenebuli.

gaqra dedamiwidan SumerTa modgma, gadaSenda, aRarc xalxia, aRarc ena, aRarc kulturuli memkvidreoba, araa arsad maTi sul ubralo naSTic ki miwis zemoT _ ase ician msoflios Sumerologebma, msoflios aRmosavleTmcodneebma, msoflios meistorieebma. aRar arian, morCa da gaTavda.

ase egonaT saukuneebis manZilze msof-lios mecnierebs. ase goniaT dResac. TiTqmis weliwadi eZebes Sumerebis kvals SuamdinareTSi. TiTqmis mTeli SuamdinereTi, mTeli axlo aRmosavleTi gadaTxares ing-liselebma, amerikelebma, frangebma. magram Tixis wignebisa da arqeologiuri naSTebis garda maT gza-kvals vera da ver miagnes.

ase daasrula msoflios Sumerologebis udidesma kohortam kvleva Sumerebis Sesaxeb, miuxedavad maTgan brwyinvaled wakiTxuli Sumeruli istoriisa.

kvleva

Sumerebis anbani - qarTuli asomTavruli, mzisa da mTvaris anbanad wodebuli, samyaroseuli civilizaciis formuliT aris Sedgenili da dedamiwaze adamis modgmis ganaTlebis saTavea. am anbanuri ganaTlebis saidumloebaTa amocnoba, gageba da migneba sul sxva gzaze ayenebs kacobriobis istorias da azrovnebas.

Sumerebis - igive qarTuli asomTavruli - anbani aRmosavleTis yvela uZveles civilizaciaTa saTavea, romlis gacnoba msoflios aRmosavleTmcodneebs aZlevs saSualebas axsnan jer amouxsneli yvela saidumloeba, riTac savsea kacTa modgmis dRemde bolomde amoucnobi pirveli siZveleebi.

Cveni aRmoCenebi iTxovs Tavidan gadavxedoT mTel arqeologiur masalas, rac ki kacobriobas dedamiwis siRrmeSi upovnia Sumerebis Sesaxeb.

zurab qafianiZe


werili redaqcias

klinika, romelmac samadlobeli werilis dawera

gadamawyvetina TbilisSi, diRmis masivSi mdebareobs.

mesaWiroeboda gadaudebeli operacia, magram saerTo

sisustis fonze sxva operaciisgan klinikebma Tavi Seikaves.

qalaqSi am dargSi `saxelganTqmulma~ klinikamac uariT

gamomistumra, ris Semdegac axloblebis rCeviT `niu viJen

sauniversiteto hospitals~ mivmarTe.

mcireodeni mosamzadebeli periodis Semdeg gamikeTda

operacia, ori dRis Semdeg ki klinikidan gamomweres. Tumca

dRemde uSurvelad miweven profilaqtikur Semowmebas da

konsultacias.

sasiamovnod gaocebuli davrCi klinikis axalgazrduli

personalis gulisxmierebiT, profesionalizmiT,

klinikaSi arsebuli discipliniT da sisufTaviT.

gansakuTrebuli madloba minda vuTxra Cems mkurnal

eqims, qalbaton nino CaCaniZes, qirurg beqa kevliSvils,

kardiologiuri da reanimaciuli ganyofilebis

TanamSromlebs, klinikis xelmZRvanels baton gigi

kevliSvils, sasixarulo iyo CemTvis, rom Zmebi kevliSvilebi warmoSobiT Cveni mSobliuri

- kuTxidan, sofel sakaciidan arian.

RmerTma daglocoT, batono gigi, mravali weli yofiliyaviT Tqvens gundTan erTad im

didi da sapasuxismgeblo misiis avangardSi, rasac adamianTa janmrTelobis sadarajoze

dgoma hqvia. Rebis macxovari iyos Tqveni Semwe.

oTar gavaSeli

oni, sofeli Rebi

oTar gavaSels, mTis raWis kolorits, did raWvels axlaxans ufalma gansacdeli

mouvlina - gardaecvala meuRle, agrafina gavaSeli.

vuTanagZnobT baton oTars da mis Svilebs Zvirfasi adamianis gardacvalebis gamo.

redaqcia

beso metrevelis gaxseneba

beso metreveli... ukve warsulSi gardasaxuli naTeli xsovna...

56 weli da gazafxuliT dasrulebuli sicocxle... acremlebuli

ojaxi, ZaZebiT mosili meuRle, qalbatoni vardo, ori Svili da

ori SviliSvili, Zmebi, rZlebi, ZmisSvilebi...

eh, mware realobaa. beso dRes maradisobis binadaria.

RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli. sanTel-sakmeveli

unaTebdes gzas sasufevlisaken.

`raWvelebis~ redaqcia

samZimari


raWaSAi CabrZanebul stumars maspinZeli

odiTganve maranSi epatiJeboda, Wuris

Tavze `xrikolaTi~ amoRebul civ Rvinos

Tixis WurWelSi Camousxamda da ojaxisa

da stumarT-maspinZlobis sadRegrZelos

asmevda. am dros yveli, puri, `viCina~ da

mwvanili sufris Cveulebrivi atributebi

gaxldaT.

amjerad sardanaSvilebis, ilia kenWaZisa da gogi margveliZis saojaxo marnebs gagacnobT, rac vfiqrobT saintereso iqneba mkiTxvelisaTvis.

sardanaSvilebis marani, sof. xvan-Wkara, ambrolauris municipaliteti.

2 welia, rac ojaxuri meRvineoba sardanaSvi-lebisTvis Semosavlis wyarod iqca. manamde isini Rvinos mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmoebdnen. dRes ojaxis Zveli da axali venaxebi sof. xvanWkaraSi, TiTqmis, erT heqtars moicavs, saidanac, jerjerobiT, daaxloebiT 300 l. xvanWkaras, naxevar tonaze met wulukiZis

TeTrasa da colikours iReben. kontaqtur preparatebs isini iyeneben Zvel venaxSi, sadac organuli mevenaxeobis principebs icaven, axalSi ki - sistemurebs mimarTaven.

aleko sardanaSvili 34 wlisaa, profesiiT - aRmosavleTmcodne. ramdenime wlis win siriidan daubrunda sakuTar sofels. Zvele-bur saxlsa da maranSi turistul sezonze mcire jgufebs maspinZlobs. meRvineoba misTvis, jerjerobiT ar gamxdara finansuri mogebis momtani, Tumca am saqmes is grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi xedavs da darwmunebulia, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi es saqme ojaxisTvis didi da mravalmxrivi sargeblis momtani gaxdeba.

misi TqmiT, raWaSi mcire meRvineobebis ganviTarebas, pirvel rigSi, adgilobrivi mosaxleebis ekonomikuri SeWirveba da maT Soris informaciis simwire uSlis xels. raWis mkvidrT informaciuli wvdoma ar aqvT Zalian bevr saxelmwifo Tu saerTaSoriso

saojaxo marani raWaSi

meRvineoba raWaSi


programaze, rac maTTvis SeiZleboda meurneobis ganviTarebis Zalian mniSvnelovani SesaZlebloba yofiliyo. aleko, aseve, Tvlis, rom maTi regionis turistul potencials arasaTanado yuradReba eTmoba gadawyvetilebis mimRebTa mxridan. amis gamo bevri mevenaxe, jerjerobiT, skeptikurad ekideba meRvineobasa da Rvinis turizms raWis regionSi, maTi didi nawili, sakuTari moxmarebisTvisac ki, falsificirebul Rvinos awarmoebs.

gogi margveliZis marani, sof. sadmeli, ambrolauris municipaliteti

kiTxvaze - rodidan daiwyo meRvineoba, gogi margveliZes pasuxis gacema uWirs. daaxloebiT, 50 wels iTvlis, Rrma bavSvobidan. ojaxuri meRvineoba ufro Zvelia da mas batoni gogis mama da babua uZRvebodnen. Rvinis warmoeba maTTvis biznesi gaxda sul ramdenime wlis win, manamde, sakmaod didi raodenobiT - 5 t. yurZens Tavad moixmardnen, moukiTxavdnen axlobel ojaxebs da rac morCebodaT, yiddnen, Tumca, es, erTgvari enTuziazmi ufro iyo, vidre - biznesi, romelzedac isini damokidebulni iyvnen.

dResdReobiT gogi margveliZes sof. sadmelSi, Tavisi sacxovrebeli saxlis ezoSi Zveleburi, sakmaod originalurad gaformebuli marani aqvs, sadac sezonze turistul jgufebs maspinZlobs. para-lelurad, is meRvineobis gafarToebaze zrunavs. sul axlaxans 2500 axali Ziri Semata sakuTar venaxs. kontaqturis garda, is sistemur qimikatebsac iyenebs, amitom vazis daavadebebi da mavneblebi misTvis naklebad problemuri sakiTxia.

sakuTari ojaxisTvis is awarmoebs kapistons, mwvanesa da wulukiZis TeTras, agreTve, kaxur saferavs. biznesSi ki dominanti roli aleqsandroulsa da mujureTuls da misgan dayenebul xvanWkaras miuZRvis.

gogi margveliZe miiCnevs, rom umTavresi problema, rac raWis regionSi mcire meRvineobebis ganviTarebas uSlis xels, es aris migracia. misi azriT, aseve, aucilebelia xelis Sromis Canacvleba meqanizaciiT, risTvisac fermerebs Sesabamisi materialur-teqnikuri resursi dRes ar gaaCniaT. mwiri ekonomikuri bazisis gamo glexebi orientirebulni arian swrafi sargeblis miRebaze, amitom isini

meRvineobasa da mevenaxeobas Soris arCevans am ukanasknelze akeTeben.

ilia kenWaZis marani, sof. Wrebalo, ambrolauris municipaliteti

ilia kenWaZis ojaxuri meRvineobis istoria misi winaprebidan iRebs saTaves. 2013 wlamde ojaxi Rvinos mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmoebda, Semdeg ki am saqmem komerciuli datvirTva SeiZina.

ilia 0.7 heqtar venaxebs flobs, saidanac yovelwliurad, saSualod, 3 t. yurZens iRebs. mosavlis 70 %-s Seadgens aleqsandrouli da mujureTuli, 30 %-s ki - danarCeni jiSebi - raWuli mwvane, wulukiZis TeTra da colikouri. es jiSebi ilias siaxleebisa da eqsperimentebisTvis aqvs gankuTvnili. misi survili iyo, ewarmoebina saintereso da gansxvavebuli Rvino, am mizniT man daayena leCxumuri colikourisa (70 %) da raWuli mwvanis (30 %) kupaJi.

ilia kenWaZes raWis mcire meRvineobTan dakavSirebuli problemebis sakmaod mkafio da Camoyalibebuli xedva aqvs. misi azriT, mTavari faqtori, rac mevenaxeebs meRvineobisgan aSorebs, es aris endemuri jiSebis (aleqsandrouli, mujureTuli) maRali TviTRirebuleba. es mocemuloba glexebisTvis mevenaxeobas, meRvineobasTan SedarebiT, ufro mimzidvels xdis. meore problema teqnologiuri xasiaTisaa - ojaxur marnebSi optimaluri temperaturuli reJimis miRweva, rac, ilia kenWaZis TqmiT, regionis klimaturi pirobebidan gamomdinare, sakmaod did sirTuleebs uqmnis mcire meRvineobebs. mesame - Sesabamisi aRWurvilobis arqonaa.

dabolos, erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvne-lovani problema - codnis deficiti da Rvinis cnobierebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, xels uwyobs fermerebs Soris mcire meRvineobebisadmi skeptikuri da-mokidebulebis Camoyalibebas.

meRvineoba raWaSi


RvTis saswauli

„Svili 6 weli ar gvyavda, axla ki ukve patra ioane gvyavs, ubednieresi mSoblebi varT da gvjera, rom ufali kidev moiRebs mowyalebas - Svili kidev gveyoleba.”

SarSan 50-mde wyvili taZarSi madlobis saTqmelad avida. Tumca Svilierebis mTxovneli TiTqmis aTasamde wyvili iyo. welsac daiTvlian taZris msaxurebi Tu ramden adamians ausrula ufalma Txovna.

„8 weli Svili ar miCndeboda, mravalwliani mkurnaloba uSedego aRmoCnda, imedi gadawuruli mqonda, rodesac am taZris ambavi gavige. me da Cemma meuRlem patara akvani davamzadebineT da xuTSabaT dRes avediT taZarSi, viloceT da veziareT kidec. saswauli moxda, Cveni locva ufalma Seismina. ubednieresi qali var, Cemi meuRle am ambis Semdeg stiqarosani gaxda... dRes ki madlobis saTqmelad amovedi, Zalian male Svili gamiCndeba.” - miTxra SarSan waCxurobis dResaswaulze Tbilisidan martvilis raionis, sofel salxinoSi Camosulma qalbatonma...

brwyinvale Svideulis yovel xuTSabaTs, gamTeniidan martvilis raionis sofel salxinoSi manqanebis nakadi ar wydeba. waCxurobis dResaswaulis aRsaniSnavad da mosalocad aTasobiT adamiani im taZarSi midis, romelsac saukuneebia uSviloTa Semwed miiCneva. waCxurus mTavarangelozis saxelobis eklesia soflis centridan 7 kilometris moSorebiT, maRlobzea agebuli. aq gansakuTrebuli xalxmravloba brwyinvale Svideulis kviras, aRdgomis meoTxe dRes aris. am dRes taZarSi ZiriTadad uSvilo wyvilebi adian. taZramde samanqano gzaa, magram xalxis didi nakadis gamo gzas policia ketavs da momlocvelebi grZel aRmarTs fexiT miuyvebian. uSvilo wyvilebs patara, lamazad morTuli akvnebi miaqvT. zogs akvanSi Tojina

hyavs. iq bevr fexSiSvel adamians naxavT, yvelas Tavisi aRTqma aqvs da mis Sesrulebas Taviseburad cdilobs. arc maT aviwydebaT madlobis Tqma, visac ufalma saswauli mouvlina da Svili aCuqa. isini samadlobelis saTqmelad patara bavSvebiT xelSi adian da ufals madlobas swiraven. zogs Sesawiri miaqvs dapirebuli cxvari an frinveli mihyavs.

am uZveles salocavze legenda ambobs: erTxel, soflis axlos, yanaSi glexs colma sadili miutana. glexma Tavis mwir trapezze ucnobi mgzavri miipatiJa. cota xanSi maspinZelma SeamCnia, rom Rvino da saWmeli ki ar ileoda, mravldeboda. moulodnelad mgzavrma glexs sTxova, icekveo. isic daTanxmda. amis Semdeg ucnobi Tvalsa da xels Sua gauCinarda. glexi mixvda, rom saswaulebrivi xilvis Rirsi gaxda... sasuliero pirebis azriT, legenda SesaZloa, angelozis gamocxadebaze miuTiTebdes. imasac amboben, samegrelodan svaneTs mimaval andria pirvelwodebuls am adgilas qvis jvari aRumarTavs, taZari ki mogvianebiT, me-7 saukuneSi augiaT. Cvenamde

21-e saukunis xiluli

saswauli da uSviloTa

Semwe taZari


RvTis saswauliganaxlebulma, me-18 saukunis darbazulma eklesiam moaRwia.

SoTa sxuluxia erT-erTi imaTgania, rome-lsac ufalma saswauli mouvlina da Svili aCuqa:

- am ulamazes sofelSi davibade da gavizarde. am taZarSi bavSvobidan davdiodi yovel waCxurobas, magram maSin ar mqonda gaTavisebuli taZris mniSvneloba. wlebi gavida, davojaxdi, sacxovreblad TbilisSi gadmovedi...…me da Cem meuRles Svili 6 weliwadi ar gvyavda, Tumca imedi arasdros damikargavs. ramdenime weli me da Cemi meuRle Svilierebas vTxovdiT waCxurus mTavarangelozs... eqvsi wlis Tavze ufalma Cveni Txovna Seismina da patara ioane gvaCuqa, madloba RmerTs amisTvis, madloba waCxurus mTavarangelozs, madloba am monastris berebs locvisTvis... rogorc ukve giTxariT, axla ukve patara ioane gvyavs, ubednieresi mSoblebi varT da gvjera, rom ufali kidev moiRebs mowyalebas - Svili kidev gveyoleba. bevri axlobeli, megobari, nacnobi Tu ucnobi gamxdara am xiluli saswaulis mxilveli. mixaria, rom am taZars yovel wels emateba mrevli da momlocveli. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan modian, ukve bevrma ici, rom am taZris madli 21-e saukunis xiluli saswaulia. aq Tu wyvili rwmeniT da uflis siyvaruliT adis, ar arsebobs ar ausrulos ufalma vedreba. arian iseTebi, romlebic am taZris madliT mravalSvilianebic gaxdnen.

amxela wyalobisTvis madlobas yovelTvis veubnebi ufals. uSvilo wyvilebs ki, minda vuTxra, gwamdeT saswaulis da es aucileblad moxdeba. iyo SemTxveva, 17 weli ar hyavda wyvils Svili, ra ar gaakeTes, magram amaod... am taZarSi erT Cveulebriv xuTSabaTs avidnen da... maT dRes qal-vaJi hyavT.

aq marTla bevr saocar istorias moismenT. pirveli wirva waCxurus eklesiaSi dekanozma, mama serafimem (danelia) aRavlina. maSin is soflis taZris winamZRvari gaxldaT. yovel xuTSabaTs 7 kilometrs fexiT gadioda da wirvas atarebda. ai, ras ixnebs mama serafime:

- am taZarSi ukve mraval saswauls Sevs-wrebivar, magram pirveli saswauli marTlac dauviwyaria CemTvis. axlobel col-qmars uSviloebis problema awuxebda da mTxoves maTTvis SekveTili wirva aRmesrulebina mTavarangelozTa taZarSi. maSin axlad

nakurTxi mRvdeli viyavi, arc medaviTne myavda da arc sakurTxevlis msaxuri, amitomac vTxove TviTonve emsaxuraT. coli galobda, meuRle ki SeZlebisdagvarad memsaxureboda. Semodgomis susxiani dila idga, amitomac qmarma taZris Soriaxlos patara fardulSi cecxli aanTo da drodadro gaipareboda xolme gasaTbobad. wirvis msvlelobisas vxedavdi, rom ramdenjerme Semoirbina, Tan gaognebuli saxe hqonda da aqeT-iqiT ucnaurad iyureboda. wirvis dasasruls vkiTxe Tu ra iyo am ucnauri qcevis mizezi? - mipasuxa, - wirvis dros rom Semcivda gasaTbobad gavedi, magram rogorc ki cecxlTan davjeqi, saocari galoba momesma taZridan da vifiqre xalxi amovidao. Semovedi taZarSi. iq ki aravin damxvda, ukan gasuls isev is saocari xmebi momesma da es ramdenjerme gameordao... dideba SevwireT ufals, maSin taZarSi wirva-locvis aRdgenis pirveli dReebi iyo da CavTvaleT, rom angelozebic CvenTan erTad xarobdnen amis gamo. rom icodeT, am Cemi axloblis ojaxs amis Semdgom oTxi Svili SeeZina. gilocavT waCxurobis dResaswauls... waCxurus mTavarangelozebma daglocoT da gagaxaroT!

bolo wlebia waCxurobas meufe petre atarebs wirvas. am dRes uSviloebs locvebSi ixsenieben, wyvilebi eziarebian da Semdeg maT da momlocvelebs sagangebod, eparqiis saxeliT gaSlil trapezze epatiJebian. iq mamaTa monasteri ramdenime welia funqcionirebs. stiqarosnebi wyvilebis saxelebs iweren da mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi yovel xuTSabaTs berebi uSvilo wyvilebs locvebSi ixsenieben da mTavarangelozs maTTvis Svilierebas sTxoven. garda brwyinvale Svideulisa, uSvilo wyvilebs taZarSi nebismier xuTSabaTs SeuZliaT asvla da locva. taZarSi mitanil patara akvnebs sasuliero pirebi akurTxeben. is akvnebi im uSvilo wyvilebs miaqvT, romlebsac akvani ar amoutaniaT, bevri lamazad morTuli akvani mSoblebs saxlSi patarebisTvis miaqvT.

SarSan 50-mde wyvili taZarSi madlobis saTqmelad avida. Tumca Svilierebis mTxovneli TiTqmis aTasamde wyvili iyo. welsac daiTvlian taZris msaxurebi Tu ramden adamians ausrula ufalma Txovna. RmerTma yvelas misces janmrTeli Svili.

Tea xurcilava


moZRvari

Cvens gazeTSi zedized mowerili ambavia dabeWdili: erTi sofel kvaTanidam da meore lanCxuTidam, oriv es sxvadasxva adgilidam mowvdili ambavi erTsa da imave mizezs iZleva, kaci daukvirdes erTgvars movlenas, romelic, CvenSi rom vsTqvaT, “ar axalia, Zvelia” da miT, rasakvirvelia, aranakleb sayuradReboa da aTasjer saTqmeli da samoZRvrebeli.

am werilebis damwerni gulmarTlad mogviTxroben Tu ra, zedmoqmedeba iqonia soflelebzed oTxis ivlisis miwisZvrama. ra Tqma unda, rom es buneburi movlena, araerTxel yofila CvenSi Tu sxvagan, xalxma jer yvelazed uwinares RvTis wyromas miawera, codvaTa gaxSirebis gamo movlinebulsa da yvelazed uwinares igi Rone iRona, rom wyroma RvTisa wyalobad gardiqcios da RmerTi mowyalebis TvaliT gadmoaxedos. amisaTvis aiRes da soflis ganaCeniT daadgines, rom kviraSi erTi dRe paraskevi Seswiron RmerTsa da samudamod igi dRe iuqmon.

cxeni roca dafrTxeba xolme, mizezi is aris, rom naTlad ver arCevs sagansa. amisi wamali marto is aris, rom cxens

Zalad miiyvanen xolme safrTxobel saganTan, TvaliT daanaxveben da erTxel da orjel amnairad nawurTni cxeni Tu frTxolas erTob ar daiSlis, im naCveneb saganzed mainc aRar dafrTxeba xolme. adamiani, rasakvirvelia, cxeni ar aris. arc miwisZvraa imiaTana sagani, rom kacma an xeli Seaxos, an Tvali mohkidos. miwisZvris momavlinebelni Zalni adamianis TvalTagan miuwvdomel sferaSi moq-

medoben da radganac amis gamo mizezi naTlad da TvalsaCinod gamourkvevelia, ucodinari xalxi ufrTxis da hSiSobs. es ambavi gana marto CvenSia: yvelgan aris da yvelgan aseve hSiSoben da frTxian amgvar xorcis TvalTagan mifarebul ambavzed.

magram kacTa sabednierod, RmerTs adamianisaTvis xorcis TvalTa garda miuniWebis gonebis Tvalica da Tu es Tvali kacs kargad uWris, qveyanazed ara daemaleba ra da yvela movlenas qveynisas aseTs Tu iseTs mizezs moupovebs. Tu es mizezi yovelTvis marTali da utyuari ar aris, imodenad mainc saRi da Wkuas axloa xolme, rom kaci tyuilubralod ar gadaegeba, ar ixarjeba, ar ibneva da ara brkoldeba Tvis

buneburi movlena, RvTis wyroma da auxilveli

Tvali gonebisa ilia WavWavaZe

tfilisi, 9 ivlisi


moZRvariyoveldRiur cxovrebis msvlelobaSi da ar eZleva tyuils sasowarkveTilebas, romelic yvela mavnezed mavnea, radganac adamians gulzed xelebs akrebinebs da mconareda hxdis.

swored am dReSi Cacvivnulan kvaTanelni da lanCxuTelni da am dReSive cvivian bevrgan sxvaganac imisTana bunebur movlenis gamo, romelsac auxilveli Tvali gonebisa vera swvdeba dasanaxavad. ram unda auxilos es gonebis Tvali? marto swavla-ganaTlebam da sxva araferma. ai, Zvelis-Zveli saxsari, romelic yovelTvis axlad samoZRvrelia am urCis da bnelSi moarul wuTisoflisaTvis. xorcis Tvals bevri ara SeuZlian ra qveynis sabednierod, Tu Tan ar Seswevs yovlad SemZlebeli gonebis Tvali, romelsac caSi varskvlavi ar gamoepareba da zRvis ZirSi qviSa, romlisaTvisac arc imodena manZilia qveynierobazed, rom ar miswvdes da arc siRrmea, rom ar Caixedos, arc imisTana saidumloa, rom Wkvisagan Sesawynarebeli mizezi mainc ar moupovos ase Tu ise.

marTalia, miwisZvras didi ubeduroba mosdevs xolme. Cveni aw warmavali saukune, rogorc wina saukunenic, araerTxel yofila mowmad, rom Zvras miwa gaurRvevia da Tan Cautania qalaqebi da soflebi, magram aq RvTis wyroma arafers SuaSia. yovlad mowyale RmerTi Tvis danabads qveyanas TviTve ar daaqcevs. RmerTi qristianobisa SurismaZiebeli RmerTi ar aris; igi kacTmoyvarea da amis dasamtkiceblad Ze Tvisi sayvareli gamogzavna qveynad qveynis saxsnelad da man Zeman RvTisagan gantexa xorci Tvisi da daanTxia sisxli Tvisi misateveblad codvaTa.

Tund rom miwisZvra RvTis wyromad vigulisxmoT da ara bunebur movlenad, rogorc niaRvaris movardna, setyva, mexi da sxva amisTana, mainc ra wamalia uqmoba, romelic zemoxsenebul soflebs sasoflo ganaCeniT daudgeniaT? uqmobaa deda

yovelis borotisao, gana imave RmerTma ar bZana? maS RvTis wyalobis mosapoveblad ra saxsaria igi Rone, romelic yovelis borotis dedad agre samarTlianad wodebulia? RmerTs mSromeli, gamrjeli kaci uyvars, imitom, rom misganve aris nabZanebi: “ofliTa TqveniTa moipoveT puri Tqvenio”. mconareoba, uqmad yofna sZuls RmerTsa, imitom, rom borotisa da codvisaTvis xelgamomavali da moclili marto mconare da uqmi kacia. ieso qristem Tvisis igaviT mconareobas anderZi augo da Tvisi samarTliani msjavri dasdo. vis ar axsovs igi igavi, romelic mogviTxrobs, rom batonma monas talanti misca sasargeblod da imis magier rom asargeblos, monam aiRo da miwaSi Cahfala, ar damekargoso. vis ar axsovs rogor ganhkiTxa ieso qristem amisTana mconare?

amitomac metismet Secdomad migvaCnia kvaTanelebisa da lanCxuTelebisagan kviraSi erTi dRis uqmad dadeba. eg umizezo uqmoba risxvas da ara mowyalebas moipovebs imisagan, vinc Sroma da garja pativsadeb moqmedebad gvianderZa. RmerTs uqmobiT veravin aamebs. amisaTvis saWiroa mxolod keTili saqme, romelic warmosdgeba xolme patiosnebisa, namusisa, gulmarTlad cxovrebisa da kacTmoyvareobisagan. yvela es macxovarni grZnobani Svilni arian marto WeSmaritis swavla-ganaTlebisa. amitomac ufro marTlad gamosadegi iqneboda, ufro saamuri RvTisa da kacisaTvis, rom kvaTanelebma da lanCxuTelebma is erTi dRe kviraSi uqmad ar ataron, aramed isaqmon da im erTis dRis namoqmedari Wirnaxuli Seswiron Tvisi Svilebis swavla-ganaTlebis saqmes da am SesawiraviT sakuTari skola gamarTon, roca amisaTvis saWiro fuli mougrovdebaT.

gazeTi ‘iveria’, 1887 w., #140, 10 ivlisi, gv. 1-2

daibeWda gazeTis meTaur werilad, usaTaurod da xelmouwerlad.


saganZuri

1918 wlis 26 maiss qarTvela xalxma damoukidebloba izeima,

saqarTvelo axal cxovrebas iwyebda. Tumca xanmokle aRMoCnda misi

damoukidebloba.

1921 wels ruseTis mier aneqsiis Semdeg eqvTime TayaiSvilma

saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan erTad datova samSoblo da ganZs

meTYvalyured gahyva emigraciaSi. gaxiznulma mTavrobam Tan waiRo

saqarTvelos ganZi, romelSic Sedioda saqarTvelos muzeumebSi

daculi Zvirfaseuloba: oqro-vercxlis xatebi da Tval-margalitiT

mooWvili sxva saganZuri, Zvirfasi xelnawerebi, zugdidis

dadianiseuli sasaxlis ganZeuloba, gelaTis, martvilisa da sxva-

dasxva monastrebidan wamoRebuli nivTebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom

ganZis mesakuTred saqarTvelos mTavroba iTvleboda, faqtobrivad

ganZs eqvTime TayaiSvili meurveobda. ganZi sul 39 yuTi iyo, eqvTimes

igi marselis bankSi hqonda Senaxuli. ganuzomelia eqvTime TayaiSvilis Rvawli qarveli

eris saganZuris gadarCenis saqmeSi. miuxedavad didi gaWirvebisa, eqvTime TayaiSvilma

saqarTvelos daubruna erovnuli saunje.

Jurnali `raWvelebi~ periodulad giambobT eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier dabrunebuli

saganZuris Sesaxeb.

dabrunebuli saunje

iadgari

qarTuli himnografiis is to riaSi gamorCeuli ad-gili uWiravs X saukunis himno grafs, musikoss, sa-suliero da sazogado moRvawes miqel modrekils. igi oSkis saliteraturo skolis war momadgeneli iyo. miqel modrekili avtoria saga lobelTa krebulisa `iadgari~, romelic Sedge-nilia 978-988 wlebSi. krebuli Tavdapirvelad Seicavda 632 furcels, Cvenamde ki mxolod 272 furcelma moaRwia. krebulSi gaerTianebuli iyo im droisaTvis arsebuli yvela

naTargmni Tu originaluri sagalobeli. krebuli imi-Tacaa saintereso, rom masSi sagaloblebi nevmirebulia _ gawyobilia musikaluri niS nebiT. krebulSi aris sxva himnografTa nimuSebi, maT Soris oTxi himni X saukunis gamoCenili himnografis da musikosis ioane minCxis Semoq medebidan. ioane minCxi avtoria rogorc teq-stebis, aseve musikaluri melodiebisac. igi werda iambikoTic da marcvledovani sazomiTac. ioane minCxi iyo novatori, misi SemoRebulia saleqso kompozicia, romelic Semdgom myarad damkvidrda qarTul himnografiaSi. mi-qel modrekilisa da ioane minCxis Tanamedrovea gamo-Cenili saeklesio moRvawe, tbeTis saepiskoposi kaTe-dris pirveli episkoposi, mwignobari da himnografi ioane mtbevari. misi saga-loblebic mravladaa Se suli krebulSi. saga lo b le bi miZ-Rvnilia dResas wau le bisadmi

da mas Tan erTad ganadideben did moRvaweebsac: ioa ne naT-lismcemels, ioseb mar Tals, grigol RvTisme tyvels, ioane oqropirs da sxvebs.

daviTis jvari

jvari, romelsac daviT aRmaSenebeli atarebda, ina-xe boda gelaTSi. igi sava-raudod, ufro adre, IX saukuneSi unda iyos Seqmnili. jvari Zveli droidanve mo-sili iyo Zlevamosilebis saxe-liT. daviT aRmaSenebelma igi mxolod warweriT Seam-kobina: `RmerTo yovlisa


saganZuridambadebelo adide Sen mier guirguinosani daviT afxazTa da qarTvelTa herTa da kaxTa mefe mze qristeanobisai amin~. jvari nakeTebia vercxlis erTi mTliani mooqruli firfitisagan. jvris zemo mklavze ori angelozi da medalionSi wminda petres gamosaxulebaa; marcxena mkla-vze, medalionebSi, maTe da markoz maxareblebi arian; marjvenaze _ luka da ioane; qveda mklavze wm. barbares da wm. pavles gamosaxulebebia.

wyarosTavis oTxTaviwarosTavis oTxTavi XII

s-is Zeglia. misi gadam werebi arian iovane fukaralisZe da giorgi se TaYsZe: `daiwera da gasrulda PeliTa orTa mwera-lTaYTa: iovanes fukaralis Zisa, mnaTisaYTa da giorgi suTaYsZisaYTa... qronikoni iyo

berTis oTxTaviberTis oTxTavi ekuTv no da

berTis monasters (k la r jeTi). oTxTavis ydis wa rwerebSi vkiTxu lobT: ̀ oqro pirisa ni v- TiTa moiWeda sa xarebai ese~, `moiWeda PeliTa beSqen opi-za risaYTa~. ydis moWe di lo-ba ekuTvnis gamo Cenil oq-romWe dels beSqen opi zars, misi namuSev rebidan cno-bilia mxolod es mo We di-loba. oTxTavis erT mxares gamosaxulia `jva rcma~, meo-re mxares _ `ve dreba~. Cu-qurTmebi da orna mentacia beSqenis maRal ostatobaze miuTiTebs.

vefxistyaosnis

miniaturebi

`vefxistyaosnis~ minia-turebi Sesrulebulia imere-Tis mefis alqsandres mdivnis mamuka TavaqaraSvilis mier 1646 wels; man levan II dadianis brZanebiT gadawera da daa-suraTa `vefxistyaosani~. ma-muka tyved iyo Cavardnili levanis karze, ris Sesaxebac igi warweraSic ambobs: ̀ dideba srulmyo felsa RmerTsa, yove-lTa Semwe-mfarvelsa. viwye es vefxistyaosani TibaTvesa cametsa, sru lvyav Tvra-metsa agvis tosa, qoronikonsa samasocda ToTxmetsa. Tu ram akldes, nuravin damwyevliT, tyveobaSid vswerdi. SigniT ocdacxra rveuli aris, furceli orasocdaTormeti~. mamukas `vefxistyaos nis~ 39 miniatura aqvs Seqmnili. igi iyo amasTanave Sesa niSnavi kaligrafic.

gelaTis oTxTavimsoflio mniSvnelobis Zeg-

li _ gelaTis oTxTavi gada-werilia XII saukuneSi. aqvs 44 Zvirfasi qviT Semkuli saniSne da vercxlis bude. teqsti naweria etratze nus xuriT; xelnaweri Sei-cavs 292 ilustracias, maT Sorisaa maxarebelTa gamo sa-xulebani. miniaturebi maRa-lostaturadaa Sesrulebuli. sawyisi asoebisaTvis da zogierTi striqonis gamo-sayofad naxmaria feru-cvleli oqro melani; bal-Tebze gamosaxulni arian mTavarangelozebi, ydis wi-napirze jvarcmis kompo-ziciaa, ukana pirze ki _ aRdgomis. ydis orive mxare Semkulia Zvirfasi TvlebiT.

Kie~ (1195 w.). saxarebis ydis moWediloba ekuTvnis XII-XIII ss. SesaniSnav ostats beqa opizars. saxareba gadaawerina da moaWedina tbeTis epis-koposma, `glaxakma~ ioane safarel-mtbevarma. ydazeve aris beqas xelmowerac: `qri-ste Seiwyale oqromWedeli beqaY opizari~. ydas ori reliefuri kompozicia am-kobs: erT mxares `vedreba~; meore mxares _ `jvar cma~. `vedrebis~ mxares, macxovris zemoT la ma zad Sesrulebuli asomTavruli warwe rebia. beqa opizaris mier Sesrule-buli ydebis moWediloba oqromqandakeblobis mwve-rvalia. beqas mier Ses ru-lebuli namuSevrebidan Cvena-mde moaRwia agreTve anCis xatis CarCos moWedilobam.

daviT kikolaSvili


leqsad Tqmuli

TvalisCini

vxedav leqsis bwkarebs Sua,amosula ia,Tvals vadevneb ulamazes,poeziis sunTqvas,bwkarebs qvemoT morakrakebs,nakaduli civi,floras kverTxi daukriaadgilis dedisTvisgamicocxlda saxeebi,viT freskebi wminda;Tamar, daviT, elizbariSalva da biZina...odes Jamsa Znelbedobiscai iyo mwuxri,gadawonis gulisZgeraCanCqerebis quxilsda aRanTebT xevsurT SvilTaviT abedsa kvesi,fasi kargad rom ician nawrTob xmlis da leqsis,xevsurs sul sxva gageba aqvsmsmenels sibrZniT abams da bunebis enis codniT,mecxre caze ahyavs.arCalos wylisa kalmaxisxva kalmaxebs ar hgavs,Cans buneba mis lamaz zurgsfunjiT sxva frad qargavs,moiRrubla samSoblos camteri avsa zraxavs,

saqarTvelos didi mefis damarcxebas saxavs,omobs jari viTarc lomi,mtersa ZeZvebr hkafavs.didgoris omis gmirobassuli zecas ahyavs,im `Zlevaim sakvirvelman~mters Tavzari dasca,iberias aoxreba,ers walekva acda.sZlia eSmas rwmenis Zalamda mis uricxv mimdevarTa,maxviliTve ganigmira,vinac maxvili aRmarTa!wminda mefe umZimes Jams gangebisgan movlenili,`qarTlis cxovrebis~ furclebzeze mefed ars aRwerili, ormoc weliwads iRvawaqveynis aRma mSenebelman,sagmiro da sasaxelo,saqmiT damamSveneblman,sinanulTa galobanisSemoqmedma da mTxrobelman,mwuxris locva aRasrulamefem, codvaT damgmobelmanda es locva Seiwynara,zeciT wminda RvTismSobelma.wlebma ganvlo rTul omebSimoaRwia aRsasrulman,

sofio rexviaSvili

eZRvneba ana kalandaZes


leqsad Tqmulimefis anderZi daweraJamTaRmwerma da mTxrobelman;surs rom gulzed daabijosqarTvel erTagan yovelman...`Rvawlis fasad Tavs miuZRvengalobani sinanulis~,da diadi Zeglis nacvlad daefine Sens ers ferxTiT,msgavs sulier amaRlebasver ixsenebs kacTa modgma,viTarc macxovaris saqmes,ros mowafeT ferxTa bana...niavqari wignsa furclavs,kvamls brZolis xma axlavs,dardis amSleli bwkarebirTul dro-Jamsa xatavs:mze Semdgara ferxTa wverzedasqers Tavis qalaqs,xmalSemarTul patara kaxsaragvelni axlavs,Rrubelni rokviT midianlilisfer mTaT miRma,krwanisidan gmirTa sulnizecisken gafrinda...fSavis mTidan bars gascqerenqalni _ ukvdaveba,aragvelebis mSobelniSvilT `beds~ elodeba,romelTa farTo gul-mkerdimtris jars eRobeba,sabediswero wuTSi ki mefis fari xdeba.dRes maTi wminda sulebiTamars eaxleba,da cxra mTavarangelozi,gmirebs RimiT xvdeba...wminda mariamis miwas

uflis saTvalTvalos,vera hpova samkvidroisparsma da osmalom.mReris ZvelTa didebaze,oSki, zarzma, tao,lamazi xar da faqizisaqarTvelos cao!wynarad mReris qari nanas,zRapars ambobs Wadari,lamazia saqarTvelo,misi msgavsi sad aris?gazafxulis mze kaSkaSebssxivTa bades abams,kvalad vismen tandaZarRvulbrge TuTis xis ambavs;qali grZneulad qceulisaswaulebs ambobsrom TuTis xe, viTarc vaJimasTan SeWras lamobs...zurmuxti, Zowi, birvilipoetis yels amkobs,magram maTi xelyofisgan dardi, fiqri akrTobs.wvima aris cxra maisismagram sulSi daria,mters amarcxebs ciciSvili,xarobs Wiamaia...mTaTa mJReri CanCqerebida naJuri kldisa,warafebi, kbodeebi,cai lurji mTisa,aireklavs leqsebs RvTiurs,rogorc tbai sxivTa,gulSi ikravs wigns iremi,rogorc Tavis Svilsa.ufrTxildeba anas leqsebs,rogorc TvalisCinsa!...


`sityvas vityvi~

rezo rezo rezo beraZeberaZeberaZe

winaparTa gamoZaxiliwinaparTa gamoZaxiliwinaparTa gamoZaxilime rom damkargeT, es vici, magram ras erCiT saxl-karsa?!.

sarevela rad batonobs Cemi wiqaras saxnavsa!

ezoSi ZaRli rom iwva, mgels ar uSvebda axlosa,

axla vin daepatrona Cvens lamaz samosaxlosa?!

Tqven, Cemo sisxlis wveTebo, ram dagadumaT, ra moxda...

he, biWo, Toxi moita! yoreze wyali gadmoxta.

Cqara, uSveleT, Torem saxls waaqcevs, gaxdis nacrada,

Robe imsxvreva, Tqven unda iqceT sagirgle qacvada.

Rvarcofi ezos rom tboravs, Tqven rogor umzerT mSvidada?

miwas uSveleT Tu mogaqvT Tavi am miwis Svilada!

rac dagitoveT, imasac gvalvis wyaliviT akldeba:

mtroba axla... sul sxvaa, ar gmarTebT gulxeldakrefa!

samas aragvels mouxmeT, cxra Zmac mogcemdaT rCevasa,

nu elodebiT qariSxals, zRvis ufro sastik Relvasa;

nu daZabundiT, gafxizldiT, nu gaisuqebT kisrebsa,

sxvisi xelebis Semyure, sjobs, aq, Cvens gverdiT iwvesa.

Tavqve damxula Tevdore, beri wver-ulvaSs ixokavs,

ros xedavs Tavis samSoblos viRacis sasacilosa!

...Tqveni imedi jerac maqvs, sxvam vin, rad damificosa!

yurad Tu iRebT Cems rCevas, veraram damamiwosa.

aq fexze dadga qarTvelTa jari-xmal-abjars iTxovsa!..

gadavabrunebT, RmerTmani, gulze rom gvawevs im lodsa!

ivlisi racha.indd

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