Data reporting by enterprises

Yuko Yamashita 山下裕子

Overview of data FY 2006 As reported by facilities

Chemicalindustry

26%

Transportequipment

manufacturing13%

Plastic goodsproduction

10%

Steel8%

Metal productsmanufacturing

6%

Electricequipment

manufacturing6%

Non-metalmanufacturing

6%

Others25%

Totalrelease/transfer:471,000tons/y

Contribution to the total amount of release/transfer

Manual for Release Estimation Methods (3rd edition)Headings Contents

Volume IBasics(approx. 60 pages)

PRTR purposes

・ What is PRTR・ Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders・ Benefits for enterprises

Basic procedures

・ How to determine if an enterprise or a chemical substance is required to report・ Basic calculation procedures for release and transfer・ How to submit data

Authorities list

List of contacts of authorities(central government and local authorities)

Volume IIExplanations(Approx. 100 pages)

Procedures in practice

Detailed explanations of the procedures

Volume IIIResource materials(Approx. 300 pages)

・ Calculation examples of 11 model processes・ Q & A・ Resource materials useful for calculation

PRTR Manuals made by industrial organizations (Examples)

Industrial organizations Manual titles

Japan Chemical Industry Association PRTR guide

Japan Electrical Manufacturers’ Association

PRTR guideline for electrical and electronics industries

Petroleum Association of Japan PRTR and fuel stations

Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF) PRTR estimation manual of JISF

Japan Automobile Manufacturers’ Association

PRTR calculation manual

Japan Paint Manufacturers Association PRTR calculation methods

Japan Printing Ink Makers Association Guides related to PRTR

Steps to determine the requirement to reportStep 1 Determining industry types

Step 2 Determining the number of employees

Step 3 Identifying “facility” using the chemical substances covered by PRTR

Step 4 Determining the amount of chemical substances used/produced per year

4-1 Verifying the amount of chemical substances produced per year

4-2 Verifying the forms of materials

4-3 Identifying the chemical substances contained in the materials

4-4 Calculating the amount of materials used per year

4-5 Calculating the amount of chemical substances used per year

4-6 Calculating the amount of chemical substances used and produced per year

“Difficult” for facilities when determining the reporting criteria

(FY 2000 Survey)

6.4%

44.4%

4.5%

14.9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

application of "facilities under specialrequirement"

amount of chemical substances used &produced

number of regular employees

industry type

Materials Chemical substances covered by PRTR

Drying agent Cobalt and its compounds

Deodorant Formaldehyde

Adhesives acrylamide, acrylic acid, ethyl acrylic acid, xylene, etc

Solvent for detergent ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1,2-dichloroethane, etc

Solvent for dry cleaning

ethyl benzene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, etc.

Colorant aniline, chromium and its compounds, dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, etc.

Paints, pigments hydrates of zinc compounds, acrylamide, antimony and its compounds, toluene, xylene, etc.

Antiseptic N,N-dimethylformaldehyde, formaldehyde

Fragrance aniline, nitrobenzene

Examples of chemical substances contained in materials shown in the Manual

“Difficult” for facilities when determining the amount of chemical substances used & produced

(2000 Survey; unpublished)

10.5%

19.5%55.3%

29.0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

others

calculating the amount used &produced per year

verifying the contents

verifying the forms of materials

MSDS System[MSDS System]

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) is required for an enterprise when it gives/provides a chemical substance covered by PRTR or a product containing such chemical substance to other enterprises

[Scope of enterprises subject to MSDS System]All enterprises which use/produce the chemical substances covered by PRTR

Calculation methods recommended by ministerial order

1 Calculation based on the shifting amounts of chemical substances at different steps of the use/production process

Mass balance

2Calculation based on the measured amounts or measured concentrations of chemical substances contained in the matters released to the environment

Measured data

3Calculation using the mathematical functions which adequately explain the relations between the amounts of chemical substances released and the amounts used/produced

Emission factors

4

Calculation based on the amounts or concentrations of chemical substances contained in the matters released to the environment, when the properties of the chemical substances such as vapor pressure, melting point, etc. can be adequately used to calculate their amounts or concentrations released to the environment

Properties (chemical engineering)

5 Other methods which can calculate adequately the amounts of chemical substances released to the environment

Others(past experience etc)

Breakdown of calculation methods (Release to the air)

Reporting no. 1,146：FY 1998（ ）

massbalance

53%

others16%

properties13%

emissionfactors

6% measureddata12%

Breakdown of calculation methods (Release to the public waters)

Reporting no. 394：FY1998（ ）

massbalance

24%

measureddata52%

others18%

properties5%

emissionfactors

1%

Release calculation example – Using measured data (1)

Measured concentration of zinc (Zn) in

discharged water (mg/L)

① 1.7

② 1.2

③ 1.8

④ 1.5

⑤ 2.0

⑥ 1.4

Average 1.6

Measured flow amount of discharged water

(m3/h ）

① 5.0 ⑦ 7.2

② 6.4 ⑧ 6.6

③ 8.8 ⑨ 5.4

④ 5.6 ⑩ 5.2

⑤ 5.8 ⑪ 5.6

⑥ 9.0 ⑫ 6.2

Average 6.4

average concentration ： 1.6mg/L=1.6g/m3 average rate of flow ： 6.4m3/h

Release calculation example – Using measured data (2)

Operating time of the facility per year ： 7,500h

→ Annual amount of flow

= 6.4 m3/h x 7,500 h/y = 48,000 m ３ /y

→ Release amount per year

= Average concentration × annual amount of flow

= 1.6 g/m ３ x 48,000 m ３ /y = 76,800 g/y

= 76.8 kg/y

Release calculations – Comparison (Assumptions)

Use ： Cleaning thinner

Composition ： Toluene 80%, Ethyl acetate 20%

Amount used per year ： 7,000 kg

Conditions:

・ Dirty thinner is transferred to a waste disposer

・ A part of thinner is released to the air during the cleaning process

Calculation: Toluene’s amount released to the air

Release calculation example – Using measured data

Measured items Measured data

Toluene’s concentration in exhaust gas

Average concentration = 60 ppm（ 29 ppm, 85 ppm, 14 ppm, 125 ppm, 47 ppm ）

Flow amount of exhaust gas 200 m3/min 　（ almost constant ）

Operating hours of ventilator

Average hours = 5.5 h/d（ 3.5 h, 9.0 h, 7.5 h, 0.5 h, 8.5 h, 4.0 h ）

Operating days per year 300 d/yToluene’s concentration in exhaust gas by weight = 60 ppm = approx. 240 mg/m3 (converted with toluene’s molecular weight)

Flow amount of exhaust gas per year = 200 m3/min x 60 min/h x 5.5 h/d x 300 d/y = 20,000 x 103m3/y

Toluene’s release to the air per year= approx. 240 mg/m3 x 20,000 x 103m3/y = 4,800 kg/y

Release calculation example – Using mass balance

Item

Toluene’s amount used per year 7,000 kg/y×80% = 5,600 kg/y

Waste thinner’s amount transferred to waste disposer

1,200 kg/batch×3 batch/y = 3,600 kg/y

Toluene’s content in waste thinner Average content = 75% （ 74%, 77%, 73%, 76%)

Toluene’s amount contained in waste thinner’s amount transferred to waste disposer = 3,600 kg/y x 75% = 2,700 kg/y

Toluene’s released to the air per year = 5,600 kg/y – 2,700 kg/y = 2,900 kg/y

Characteristics of calculation methodsCalculation

methodMain advantages Main considerations

Mass balance ・ Can determine inputs and outputs of chemical substances throughout process・ Costs less, for mathematical calculations only

・ The larger the release, the better the certainty・ Depends on the certainty of the releases to other media

Measured data ・ Can use data measured for other legal requirements

・ The certainty of measured data is critical・ Uses average concentrations, as they can vary

Emission factors

・ Easy to calculate・ Costs less, for mathematical calculations only

・ Needs to check whether emission factors are suitable for the facility・ May not reflect the release reduction efforts

Properties ・ Can use data already available in resource materials・ Costs less than measured data

・ Needs advanced expertise in chemical engineering・ May not reflect the actual release from the facility

Emission factors examples(Manual for Emissions Estimation Methods;

Resource Materials)

Chemical substance Release source category

Emission factor (kg/t-amount used & produced)

Trichloroethylene

Manufacturing 0.001

Storage 0.23

Solvent 979

Cleaning 837

Tetrachloroethylene

Manufacturing 0.09

Reagent 0.0003

Storage 0.086

Solvent 643

Cleaning 790

Note: Data were reported in the “Report of examination group related to emission sources for hazardous air pollutant” (1996) and referred by the Manual for release estimate method

Difficulties in calculating release(FY 2000 Survey)

Difficult to obtain every MSDS for all paints, as hundreds of paints are used or produced

Toluene etc.

Process steps using chemical substances are numerous, and the release type is different at each step

Dichloro-methane etc.

Emission factors to the air are unknown, when the chemical substances melt

Zinc and its compounds etc.

Cannot determine if the chemical substances remain in the waste or evaporate

Styrene tec.

Data error example

Reporting item Data as reported Note

Name of chemical substance

Zinc and hydrates of zinc compounds

PRTR only covers Zn compounds that dilutes more than 1 wt-% into neutral water in room temperature

Name of individual chemical substance if chemical substance is a compound

Zinc oxide (ZnO) ZnO is not hydrate

※ PRTR covers only some forms of chemical compounds such as “hydrates” “inorganic” “liquid” etc.

Site A ： Rubber products manufacturer

Data error example

Reporting item Data as reported Notes

Name of chemical substance

Toluene

Amount transferred along with waste

1,560 kgApplicable if the chemical substance did not change its form

（ Extra notes made by the reporting site ）

“Incinerated within the facility”

※ Toluene is transformed into a different chemical substance by incineration, thus it is outside the scope of PRTR.

※ The mistake was found out from the extra notes written by the reporting facility.

Site B ： Publication, printing, related industry

Data error example

Reporting item Data as reported Notes

Name of chemical substance

Ethylene oxide

Release to the air 3,000 kg

The amount of antisepsis gas was wrongly reported instead of the amount of chemical substance

※ Normally, the content of ethylene oxide in antisepsis gas is no more than 20%.

※ The amount of release as 3 tons is significantly larger than other enterprises within the same industry.

Site C ： Medical industry

Requirements for commercial confidential information

① Proof of the reason that the information is secret

② Proof that the information is managed as secret

③ Proof that the information is technically advantageous for production etc.

④ Proof that the information is not publicly known