{\rtf1{\fonttbl{\f2 Times New Roman;}{\f3 Arial Narrow;}{\f4 Book Antiqua;}{\f5 Book Antiqua Bold;}{\f6 Book Antiqua Bold Italic;}{\f7 Book Antiqua Italic;}{\f8 Arial Narrow Italic;}{\f9 Book Antiqua;}{\f10 Book Antiqua Italic;}{\f11 Arial Bold;}{\f12 Arial;}{\f1000000 Times New Roman;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrtn\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2579\ri2861\sb1\sl-240\slmult0\tx4916 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 KARAKTERISTIK DAGING BUAH KELAPA DAN KESESUAIANNYA \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 DENGAN PRODUK \par\pard\ql \li3554\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3554\sb19\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs20 Rindengan Barlina, A. Lay dan Novarianto Hengky \par\pard\ql \li2985\sb90\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 BALAI PENELITIAN TANAMAN KELAPA DAN PALMA LAIN \par\pard\ql \li5245\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5245\sb160\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 PENDAHULUAN \par\pard\qj \li2041\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2041\ri2332\sb122\sl-240\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 Kelapa masih merupakan tanaman perkebunan terluas di Indonesia \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dibandingkan tanaman perkebunan lainnya, seperti kelapa sawit. Kelapa menempati \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2319\sb16\sl-245\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 3.7 juta hektar dari 14.2 juta hektar areal perkebunan atau 26% dari total areal dan \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sekitar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 97% merupakan perkebunan rakyat. Namun demikian sampai saat ini \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 pemenuhan kebutuhan minyak goreng masih didominasi oleh minyak sawit yang \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 diperkirakan mencapai 9 kg/kapita/tahun (Budianto dan Allorerung, 2003), diban-\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 dingkan minyak kelapa hanya 2.89 kg/kapita/tahun (Andries \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 et al\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 , 1997). \par\pard\ql \li2608\sb28\sl-230\slmult0\tx4307 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Luas areal kelapa \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 3.7 juta hektar, yang terdiri atas kelapa Dalam dan Hibrida, \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\tx9074 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dengan pemeliharaan intensif dapat mencapai produksi masing-masing \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 2.5 ton \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2329\sb16\sl-248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kopra/ha/thn dan 4.0 ton kopra/ha/thn (Allolerung dan Mahmud, 2003). Apabila \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 produksi ini dicapai tentu akan tersedia bahan baku daging buah kelapa yang cukup \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 banyak. Oleh karena itu potensi bahan baku ini harus didayagunakan secara optimal, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sehingga kelapa dapat terangkat menjadi komoditas primadona dalam peningkatan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 nilai tambah bagi sekitar 16.32% penduduk Indonesia yang masih tergantung pada \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 komoditas kelapa (Brotosunaryo, 2003). \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2326\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Untuk menunjang pendayagunaan daging buah kelapa secara optimal, sebagai \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bahan baku industri makanan, maka penelusuran lebih terinci mengenai sifat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 fisikokimia daging buah patut dilakukan sebab sifat fisikokimia baku sangat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 menentukan mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Dengan demikian upaya pengembangan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 pengolahan produk akan lebih terarah sesuai dengan sifat fisikokimia bahan baku \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 kelapa. Penggunaan kelapa untuk pengolahan berbagai produk, berbeda-beda tingkat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 kematangannya, oleh karena itu, faktor umur panen dari masing-masing jenis kelapa \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sesuai dengan produk yang akan dihasilkan perlu ditelusuri. \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2327\sb6\sl-246\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Berbagai hasil penelitian mengungkapkan, bahwa jenis kelapa dan tingkat umur \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 panen akan mempengaruhi sifat fisikokimia daging buah. Oleh karena itu, setiap \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kultivar kelapa yang akan dikembangkan harus dilengkapi dengan sifat fisikokimia \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 pada setiap umur panen, sebab tiap jenis produk menghendaki tingkat umur panen \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 yang berbeda. Dalam tulisan ini akan diuraikan sifat fisikokimia daging buah \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 beberapa jenis kelapa pada beberapa umur panen dan kaitannya terhadap pengolahan \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 produk. \par\pard\ql \li3298\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3298\ri3583\sb119\sl-240\slmult0\tx4124 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs20 SIFAT-SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAGING BUAH KELAPA \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 DAN PRODUK YANG DIHASILKAN \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb39\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A. Daging Kelapa Muda \par\pard\qj \li2041\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2041\ri2332\sb2\sl-240\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 Konsumsi terbesar daging kelapa muda umumnya hanya terbatas sebagai \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 bahan untuk minuman es kelapa muda. Jika memperhatikan sifat fisikokimia daging \par\pard\li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li2041\sb77\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx9646 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 MONOGRAF PASCA PANEN KELAPA\tab \dn4 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 1\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1940\shptop2980\shpright9940\shpbottom5600\shpwr3\shpfblwtxt0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpz61\shplid1{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn pib}{\sv 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Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb81\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs14 Rindengan Barlina, A. Lay, dan Novarianto Hengky \par\pard\qj \li2041\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2041\ri2319\sb118\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 kelapa muda pada umur 8 bulan (Tabel 1), maka daging kelapa muda tersebut sesuai \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 untuk makanan semi padat (selai, koktil, tart kelapa) dan suplemen makanan bayi. \par\pard\ql \li2156\ri2435\sb220\sl-260\slmult0\tx2942 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Tabel 1. Sifat fisikomia daging buah kelapa hibrida umur 8 bulan untuk bahan baku \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 makanan semi padat dan suplemen makanan bayi \par\pard\li2149\sb170\sl-207\slmult0\fi176\tx3326\tx4251\tx5325\tx6459\tx7749\tx9033 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs18 Kelapa\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kadar\par\pard\li2149\sb16\sl-207\slmult0\fi164\tx3465\tx4348\tx5281\tx6232\tx7426\tx8850 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 hibrida\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 air\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 abu\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 protein\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 karbohidrat\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 galaktomanan\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fosfolipida\par\pard\li2149\sb17\sl-207\slmult0\fi1287\tx4239\tx5313\tx6447\tx7737\tx9021 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (%)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (% bk)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (% bk)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (% bk)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (% bk)\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (% bk)\par\pard\li2149\sb77\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5540\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 KHINA-1\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 85.26\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.81\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10.88\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 43.51\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.40\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.18\par\pard\li2149\sb77\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5630\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 PB-121\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 83.37\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2.92\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9.73\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 40.08\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.87\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.16\par\pard\li2149\sb78\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5630\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 GKNxDTE\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 86.06\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.07\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9.57\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 42.93\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.20\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.19\par\pard\li2149\sb76\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5540\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 GKBxDTE\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 86.31\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.95\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10.34\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 44.87\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 3.94\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.17\par\pard\li2149\sb77\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5630\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 GKBxDMT\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 87.24\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.30\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 9.58\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 34.68\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.06\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.17\par\pard\li2149\sb77\sl-207\slmult0\fi0\tx3463\tx4339\tx5540\tx6485\tx7820\tx9122 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 GRAxDMT\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 84.24\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.33\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 10.94\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 34.03\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 4.11\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 0.18\par\pard\qj \li2041\ri7922\sb55\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs16 Sumber : Rindengan et al, (1996) \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Keterangan : bk = berat kering \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb193\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs20 1. Makanan semi padat \par\pard\qj \li2041\sb0\sl-246\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2041\ri2333\sb11\sl-246\slmult0\fi539 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 Daging buah kelapa dengan kadar air tinggi, menunjukkan sifat fisiknya lunak \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 sehingga sesuai untuk produk pangan yang menghendaki sifat lunak, seperti koktil \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dan tart kelapa. Ciri khas lain yang diperlukan adalah sifat kenyal. Sifat ini ternyata \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 ditunjang oleh kadar galaktomanan tinggi yang terkandung dalam daging buah umur \par\pard\ql \li2041\ri2320\sb0\sl-248\slmult0\tx2581 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 8 bulan. Galaktomanan tergolong polisakarida yang hampir seluruhnya larut dalam \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 air membentuk larutan kental dan dapat membentuk gel (Ketaren, 1975). \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Pada produk makanan, seperti koktil dan tart kelapa, sifat lunak dan kenyal \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 berperan penting terhadap penerimaan konsumen. Oleh karena itu, kandungan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 galaktomanan tinggi sangat diperlukan agar diperoleh sifat organoleptik yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 disenangi konsumen, nilai gizinya cukup tinggi sebab pada umur buah 8 bulan, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 daging buah kelapa memiliki kadar protein dan karbohidrat tinggi. Untuk pengolahan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 selai dibutuhkan bahan yang dapat memberikan tingkat homogenitas tinggi. Kadar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 protein, galaktomanan dan fosfolipida tinggi, menunjang sifat yang dibutuhkan \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 produk ini. \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2332\sb8\sl-245\slmult0\fi539 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Di samping sebagai sumber gizi, ternyata protein dapat juga berfungsi sebagai \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 emulsifier. Galaktomanan berperan mengatur tingkat kekentalan produk, dan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 fosfolipida berfungsi sebagai emulsifier. Kadar fosfolipida tinggi sangat cocok untuk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 bahan baku pengolahan selai kelapa. Karbohidrat (terutama gula sederhana) dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berperan dalam mempercepat proses karamelisasi \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (pembentukan warna coklat). \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2330\sb11\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Analisis pengolahan selai kelapa dalam jumlah besar telah dilaporkan Sanchez (1996), \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 dari pengolahan 4,368 butir dihasilkan 218.40 kg selai yang diperoleh keuntungan \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sebesar US $ 252,21. \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb17\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 2. Suplemen makanan bayi \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2334\sb226\sl-260\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 Berdasarkan hasil analisis fisikokimia, daging buah kelapa muda sangat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berpeluang untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber bahan baku dalam proses \par\pard\li2041\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li2041\sb213\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx5153 \dn4 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 KARAKTERISTIK DAGING BUAH KELAPA DAN KESESUAIANNYA DENGAN PRODUK\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql \li5154\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5154\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5154\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5154\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5154\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5154\sb81\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 KARAKTERISTIK DAGING BUAH KELAPA DAN KESESUAIANNYA DENGAN PRODUK \par\pard\qj \li2041\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2041\ri2332\sb118\sl-260\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 pembuatan makanan bayi. Kadar protein buah umur 8 bulan dari keenam jenis kelapa \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 berkisar \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 9.57 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 -\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 10.94% (Tabel 1) merupakan sumber protein potensial. Hal ini \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2322\sb0\sl-248\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 disebabkan protein kelapa tidak mengikat senyawa antinutrisi (Banzon dan Velasco, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 1982), seperti bahan baku makanan bayi lainnya yang berasal dari jenis kacang-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 kacangan. Kadar abu berkisar 2.92 - 4.33% merupakan sumber mineral yang cukup \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 baik dalam daging buah kelapa (terdapat 8 mineral, yakni K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 dan Ca (Kemala dan Velayutham, 1978). Komposisi asam lemak esensial linoleat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 (omega 6) pada daging buah kelapa muda juga tergolong tinggi sekitar 2.35% \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 (Rindengan, 1999), dan sangat baik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Sampai saat ini belum ada industri pengolahan makanan bayi yang memanfaatkan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 potensi nutrisi yang terkandung pada daging buah kelapa muda. Pengolahan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 makanan bayi biasanya menggunakan peralatan seperti \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Drum Dryer\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 dan \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Ekstruder, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 yang proses pemasakannya berlangsung beberapa menit saja. Produk yang diperoleh \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bersifat instan sehingga hanya dengan penambahan air panas langsung dapat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 diperoleh bentuk pasta dan siap dikonsumsi. Adanya kandungan galaktomanan, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 fosfolipida dan karbohidrat, menunjang diperolehnya bentuk pasta yang merupakan \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 salah satu sifat organoleptik penting pada makanan bayi. \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2041\sb7\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 3. Makanan ringan \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2333\sb234\sl-250\slmult0\fi567 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 Pada umumnya makanan ringan memiliki sifat-sifat fisik, antara lain \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 renyah/garing dan kering (kadar air rendah). Untuk menghasilkan makanan ringan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 dengan sifat-sifat tersebut di atas, dibutuhkan bahan baku yang memiliki sifat \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 fisikokimia yang dapat menunjang mutu yang diharapkan. Umumnya golongan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 umbi-umbian, misalnya kentang banyak digunakan. Kentang memiliki kadar air \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2333\sb15\sl-245\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 77.80% (Anonim., 1981) hampir sama dengan kadar air daging kelapa yang berumur 9 \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 bulan yaitu, berkisar 71.31 - 75.35% (Tabel 2), tetapi kadar karbohidrat agak berbeda, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 kentang 84.04%, sedangkan daging kelapa sekitar 34.60 - 45.60%. Daging buah \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 berumur 8 bulan rata-rata memiliki kadar karbohidrat tinggi 34.03 - 43.51% dan kadar \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 air sangat tinggi \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Tabel \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 1) sehingga kalau dibuat makanan ringan, permukaan \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2333\sb20\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 berkeriput karena ruang-ruang antar sel belum berisi penuh dengan bahan padatan. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Karbohidrat sebagai sumber pati \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 (terdiri dari amilosa dan amilopektin) sangat \par\pard\qj \li2041\ri2325\sb16\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 berperan pada sifat fisik produk, misalnya renyah/garing. Kadar amilosa turut \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 berperan pada sifat fisik tersebut. Keseimbangan kadar air dan karbohidrat sangat \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 penting untuk menghasilkan makanan ringan yang sesuai selera konsumen. Protein \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dan gula reduksi, selain sebagai sumber kalori juga berperan sebagai komponen yang \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 menghasilkan warna agak coklat setelah mengalami proses karamelisasi. Salah satu \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 jenis makanan ringan yang dapat diolah dari daging buah kelapa muda umur 9 bulan \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 adalah \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 coconut chip \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 (keripik kelapa\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ).\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9461\colsr160\colno2\colw2479\colsr160\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb0\sl-161\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li2041\sb57\sl-161\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs14 MONOGRAF PASCA PANEN KELAPA\par\pard\column \ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li9621\sb0\sl-160\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb28\sl-160\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs20 3 \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\ul0\nosupersub\cf999999\f1000000\pard\fs32 ATTENTION!\fs24\par\parTRIAL LIMITATION - ONLY 3 SELECTED PAGES MAY BE CONVERTED PER CONVERSION.\par\parPURCHASING A LICENSE REMOVES THIS LIMITATION. 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