lecturing on critical thinking part 1

T DUY PHN TCH PHN BIN

Trng Minh Chng, TS

Khoa Qun L Cng Nghip

i Hc Bch Khoa, Tp. HCM

Ni dung

1. Gii thiu v t duy phn tch phn bin

2. Gi tr ca s suy din

3. Gi tr ca s quy np

4. Ti cu trc lun im

5. Cc vn trong nh gi cc lun im5. Cc vn trong nh gi cc lun im

6. S tht tri thc v nim tin

7. T duy phn tch phn bin trong thc hnh v nghin cu qun l

Gii thiu v t duy phn tch phn bin

Vai tr ca t duy phn tch phn bin

t cu hi ti sao nhm tm hiu l do cho mt vic lm hay mt nim tin to ng lc thc hin hnh ng hay ra quyt nh

Cc n lc thuyt phc bng vic a ra cc l do tt l cc argument (lun im)cc l do tt l cc argument (lun im)

C nhiu lun im khc nhau c a ra

T duy phn tch phn bin gip nh gi cc lun im chn lun im ng


Thi ton cu ha

Thng tin tr nn qu nhiu

Cc vn qun l tr nn phc tp

Phi c t duy phn tch phn bin nh gi v la chn thng tin

S sng to tr thnh mt yu cu mnh m S sng to tr thnh mt yu cu mnh m

Tri thc hc nhanh chng b thay th bi tri thc mi

S hc tp phi c tin hnh lin tc

T duy phn tch phn bin gip nng cao kh nng hc tp v l nn tng cho s sng to


Ngi c t duy phn tch phn bin s:

Hiu cc kt ni logic gia cc tng

nh hnh cc tng mt cch chnh xc v logic

Xc nh, cu trc v nh gi cc lun im

nh gi cc iu kin, tin ca mt quyt nh gi cc iu kin, tin ca mt quyt nh

nh gi cc chng c cho mt gi thuyt hay phn bin mt gi thuyt

Ch ra cc im khng thng nht hay cc li chung trong vic nu l do (reasoning)


Ngi c t duy phn tch phn bin s:

Phn tch cc vn mt cch h thng

Xc nh tnh xc ng v tm quan trng ca cc tng

Phn quyt (justify) cc nim tin v cc gi tr Phn quyt (justify) cc nim tin v cc gi tr

Phn nh v nh gi cc k nng t duy ca mt ngi khc

C kh nng thit k v trin khai cc nghin cu khoa hc


Problem SolvingDecision Making

AnalyzingAnalyzing EvaluatingEvaluating ReasoningReasoning

NewNewIdeasIdeas

CriticalCriticalThinkingThinking

CreativeCreativeThinkingThinking

RightRightLeft


Hnh ng ca ngi thiu t duy phn tch phn bin

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Cc tiu ch chnh ca t duy phn tch phn bin:

R rng (Clarity)

Chnh xc (Accuracy)

ng (Precision) ng (Precision)

Xc ng (Relevance)

Su (Depth)

Rng (Breadth)

Logic

Fairness (Cng bng)


R rng

Could you elaborate further on that point?

Could you express that point in another way?

Could you give me an illustration?

Could you give me an example? Could you give me an example?

Source: http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/tresources/content/Ruland-CriticalThinkingStandards.pdf

Clarity is the gateway standardClarity is the gateway standardClarity is the gateway standardClarity is the gateway standard


Chnh xc

Is that really true?

How could we check that?

How could we find out if that is true?

This chicken This chicken


This chicken This chicken weighs over 300 weighs over 300

pounds.pounds.

A statement can be clear but not accurateA statement can be clear but not accurateA statement can be clear but not accurateA statement can be clear but not accurate


ng

Could you give more details?

Could you be more specific?

Yao Ming is Yao Ming is TALLTALL!!


A statement can be both clear and accurate, A statement can be both clear and accurate, but not precisebut not precise

A statement can be both clear and accurate, A statement can be both clear and accurate, but not precisebut not precise

TALLTALL!!


Xc ng

How is that connected to the question?

How does that bear on the issue?

I studied hard all semester, therefore I


semester, therefore I should get A+.

A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, but not relevant to the question at issue.but not relevant to the question at issue.

A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, but not relevant to the question at issue.but not relevant to the question at issue.


su

How does your answer address the complexities in the question?

How are you taking into account the problems in the question?

Is that dealing with the most significant factors?


A statement can be clear, accurate, A statement can be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant, but superficial.precise, and relevant, but superficial.A statement can be clear, accurate, A statement can be clear, accurate,

precise, and relevant, but superficial.precise, and relevant, but superficial.

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn bin rng

Do we need to consider another point of view?

Is there another way to look at this question?

What would this look like from a conservative standpoint?

What would this look like from the point of view of...? What would this look like from the point of view of...?

A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate, A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate, preciseprecise, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth., relevant, and deep, but lack breadth.A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate, A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate, preciseprecise, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth., relevant, and deep, but lack breadth.

Headache!!!

You got 0 marks for Participation, because you didnt participate in the class

discussion at all.

Tiu ch ca t duy phn tch phn binLogic

Does this really make sense?

Does that follow from what you said?

How does that follow?

But before you implied this and now you are But before you implied this and now you are saying that; how can both be true?


Superman sees through anything.Superman sees through walls.Superman sees through You.

When the combination of thoughts are When the combination of thoughts are mutually mutually supporting and make sense in combination, supporting and make sense in combination, the thinking is "logical.the thinking is "logical.

When the combination of thoughts are When the combination of thoughts are mutually mutually supporting and make sense in combination, supporting and make sense in combination, the thinking is "logical.the thinking is "logical.


Cng bng

Critical thinking demands that our thinking be fair.

Open-minded

Impartial

Free of distorting biases and preconceptions Free of distorting biases and preconceptions


FairFair--mindedness is an essential mindedness is an essential attribute of a Critical Thinker.attribute of a Critical Thinker.

FairFair--mindedness is an essential mindedness is an essential attribute of a Critical Thinker.attribute of a Critical Thinker.

ng dng ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Academic Performance understand the arguments and beliefs of others Critically evaluating those arguments and beliefs Develop and defend one's own well-supported arguments and beliefs.

Workplace Helps us to reflect and get a deeper understanding of our own and others decisions Encourage open-mindedness to change Aid us in being more analytical in solving problems Aid us in being more analytical in solving problems

Daily life Helps us to avoid making foolish personal decisions. Promotes an informed and concerned citizenry capable of making good decisions on

important social, political and economic issues. Aids in the development of autonomous thinkers capable of examining their

assumptions, dogmas, and prejudices.

ng dng ca t duy phn tch phn bin

Cc quan nim sai lm v t duy phn tch phn bin:

T duy phn tch phn bin l ph bnh nhau.

T duy ny khng phi ph bnh ngi khc m xy dng tng ng

T duy phn tch phn bin khng c gi tr thc T duy phn tch phn bin khng c gi tr thc tin v con ngi ra quyt nh da theo cc quan tm c nhn, khng quan tm l do ng

Ci thin t duy

Ci thin s t duy:

T duy phn tch phn bin l mt k nng nhn thc

S pht trin mt k nng yu cu phi c ba iu kin:

Hc tp l thuyt Hc tp l thuyt

Thc hnh da trn l thuyt

Chp nhn cc hnh vi ng

Ci thin t duy

Hc tp l thuyt

Phn tch ngha: Gii thch cc tng mt cch r rng, c tnh h thng, s dng cc nh ngha, cc cng c khc lm r ngha v chnh xc ha cc tng

Logic: Phn tch v nh gic cc lun im, xc Logic: Phn tch v nh gic cc lun im, xc nh cc h qu logic v khng thng nht

Cc phng php khoa hc: Dng cc d liu thc tin kim nh l thuyt, xc nh cc nguyn nhn v cc h qu, cc l thuyt xc sut v thng k

Ci thin t duy

Hc tp l thuyt

Quyt nh v cc gi tr: Ra quyt nh c c s, phn bin cc khung gi tr v cc lun im

Cc sai lm v nhiu: Cc li tiu biu trong vic gii thch l do v cc xu hng tm l thng c trong vic gii thch cc li saitrong vic gii thch cc li sai

Ci thin t duy

Thc hnh:

Cn thi gian v s thc hnh pht trin mtk nng, c bit l k nng t duy

Thc hnh s gip cng c l thuyt

Thc hnh gip hnh thnh thi quen

Ci thin t duyBn cu hi to t duy tt

Ci thin t duy

Bi tp:

n cc loi ng vt (khng phi con ngi) l mtiu khng tt

Ci thin t duy

Thi : Nim tin vo mt hnh ng s lm cho con

ngi t nhiu n lc v thi gian vo hnh ng hay thi tch cc i vi hnh ng

T duy tt s to ra: S c lp trong t duy (khng ph thuc vo t duy S c lp trong t duy (khng ph thuc vo t duy

ca ngi khc, c t duy ring phn tch & nh gi)

u c m (open mindedness)

u lnh v cn bng (cool mindedness and impartiality)

Thi phn tch v phn bin

Ci thin t duy

y l mt trch on trong tc phm In Search of Excellence(Peters and Waterman, 1982, p. 108). Bn c th tng kt li cc lun im v s thng minh v t duy logic? l cc lun im tt hay khng tt? Gii thch l do

If you place in a bottle half a dozen bees and the same number of flies, and lay the bottle horizontally, with its base (the closed end) to the window, you will find that the bees will persist, till they die of exhaustion or hunger, in their endeavor to discover an opening through the glass; while the flies, in less than two minutes, discover an opening through the glass; while the flies, in less than two minutes, will all have sallied forth through the neck on the opposite side... . It is the bees' love of flight, it is their very intelligence, that is their undoing in this experiment. They evidently imagine that the issue from every prison must be where the light shines clearest; and they act in accordance, and persist in too-logical action. To bees glass is a supernatural mystery. ... And, the greater their intelligence, the more inadmissible, more incomprehensible, will the strange obstacle appear. Whereas the featherbrained flies, careless of logic ... flutter wildly hither andthither, and meeting here the good fortune that often waits on the simple.. . necessarily end up by discovering the friendly opening that restores their liberty to them.

lecturing on critical thinking part 1

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