Machine tools ( 工具機 )

車床

CNC 車床

手動三軸工具機

X 軸

Z 軸Y 軸

CNC 三軸工具機

X 軸

Z 軸Y 軸

a 軸b 軸

龍門式

雙軸同動技術

史都華六軸平台

1、 SHOP SAFETY ◎ Identify and use common shop safety equipment. (eye, foot, ear protection) ◎ Identify common shop hazards.

Section A Introduction

2、MECHANICAL HARDWARE

THREADS( 螺紋 ) Fig ： A-16( 螺桿、螺紋 ) ◎ major diameter 、 pitch diameter minor diameter 、 pitch 、 thread angle ◎ 功用： machine tool… ◎ 三總種類 (UNC UNF UNS) 1/2in. － 13UNC in( 英吋 )

FIT( 匹配 ) 1/2in. － 13UNC 2A in( 英制 ) 1A 、 2A 、 3A A ： external thread 1B 、 2B 、 3B B ： internal thread◎ 1A and 1B have the greatest manufacturing tolerance. (Table ： A-3)

ISO mm( 公制 ) M10×1.5 (Table ： A-3)

◎ Has 25 thread sizes with major diameter ranging from 1.6mm to 100mm.

Bolts( 公螺絲 ) 、 nut( 母螺絲 ) 、 screws ( 螺絲釘 )Fig ： A-17

◎The strength of an assembly of parts depends to a large extent on the diameter of the screw or bolts used. ◎The minimum thread engagement should be a distance equal to the diameter of the screw used ； preferably it would be1.5 time the screw diameter.

Machine bolts：Fig： A-18◎With hexagonal or square heads. These bolts are often used in the assemblyof parts that do not require a precision bolt.

Common bolts：Class 2A (UNC UNF)

◎ hexagonal heads： 1/4 in~4in square heads.1/4in~1.5in

Stud bolts：◎The end of the stud bolt screwed into the tapped hold has a class 3A thread, while the nut end is a class 2A thread.

Carriage bolts：◎used to fasten wood and metal parts together.

Machine screws：◎Made with either coarse or fine thread and are used for general assembly works. ◎are slotted to be driven by screwdrivers.Fig： A-22◎diameter from 1/4in to 3/4in, Below 1/4 in screw has identified by numbers from 0 to 12.◎EXAMPLE

Setscrews：◎Are used to lock pulleys or collars or shafts.

Square head setscrews ：◎toolholders or as jackscrews.

NUTS：◎most nuts are either hex or squareA thin hex nut is called a jam nut. It is used where space is limited.Fig： A-34

Internal thread insert ： ( 螺紋襯套 )Fig ： A-35

Washers( 墊片 )◎Distribute the pressure over a larger area, prevent the marring of a finished surface.Fig ： A-40( 多種墊片 )

Pins, Retaining Rings, Keys：◎Dowel pins、 Taper pins： are heat treated and precision ground.◎Retaining Rings： internally and externally.◎Keys

Communication between the designer and the people who produce the final product.

3、 READING DRAWINGS

Section B Hand Tools

1. ARBOR AND SHOP PRESSES◎two basic types ： hydraulic and mechanical.◎the major uses are bushing( 襯套 ) installation and removal. Fig ： B-1 Fig ： B-2

Installing Bushings( 襯套、軸承結合 )◎interference fit( 干涉 ) or press fit◎bronze and hardened stell◎bushing should have chamfer Fig ： B-5◎Fig ： B-6 、 B-7 、 B-8 、 B-9 、 B-11

Keyseat (Keyway) Broaching1.choose the bushing that fits the bore and the broach.2.correct-size into the bushing slot.3.place this assembly in the arbor press.4.lubricate5.push the broach through6.lean the broach7.place second-pass shim in place8.repeat 4~7

2.Hacksaws 鋼鋸◎1/2in-wide and 0.25in thick ◎ set( 變形 ) ：鋸齒在每一側偏某一距離，已讓齒背存在有一些間隙 Fig ： B-69◎ 可分為： straight set 、 wavy set(common use)◎pitches are 14,18,24,32 teeth per inch

3.Files 銼刀 Fig ： B-74 different length 。

4.Hand Reamers 手鉸刀 ◎ fig B-101 ◎ 用處 ( 定位 pins)  ◎ 0.001~0.005 Removal amount  ◎ high-carbon ,or high –speed steel  ◎ taper help 保持垂直、對準 ◎ 手鉸刀可視為刮刀， not cutting tool 通常是 zero radial on the cutting face. fig B-102  ◎ Straight flute Helical flute 對於有 keyseat （ smooth cutting ） ◎ The right-hand cut with a left-hand helix is considered standard for hand reamer.

膨脹鉸刀（ Fig 105 ） （ 0.006/~1/2in, 0.01/1/2~1in, 0.012/Φ1~1.5in ） ：錐形螺絲來控制；可膨脹 0.006in 鉸刀本體 中心開一錐孔（ 0.015mm ）刀槽並製有削槽， 插入錐度栓可使錐度部擴張。可調整鉸刀 (Fig106)本體製有螺紋，留有 taped 槽，將有錐度的 blade置入 slot 中，調二端螺帽，以變化刀直徑Φ =1/4~3 in ，調整範圍 1/32 in~5/16 in

Taper pin reamers(Fig B-107,B-108) ◎ straight flute and spiral flute taper pin

hand reamer.

Morse taper socket reamer (Fig B-109,B-110)

5.Use of Hand Reamed (Fig B-111, B-112) ◎ 對小而輕功件則固定 reamer ，轉動工件 ◎ 鉸孔前 , 去毛邊 以獲得較佳的孔位對齊 ◎ 鉸孔利用切削液，增加表面精度但 鑄鐵、黃銅 不需要