Management Lesson 1

What is Management?Managerial roles and

functions 2014-09

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Management

is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individual, working together in groups, efficiently accomplished selected aims. 。

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What is an organization?組織是什麼 ? A group of people, with common

benefits, works together for selected aims, with specific duty of individual members and with related well defined organizational structure.

一群有共同利益、有特定分工、規格、架構、組織的團隊。05/01/2023 3

組織的目標 (Organization goal)

The organization can be in a form of a working teams, companies or associations for 合理利潤 (profit) 顧客滿意 (customer’s satisfaction) 企業成長 (growth) 生存 (survival)….

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個人目標 (Personal goals) 收入豐厚 (Good pay) 優差 (good job and have fun) 成長機會 ( 學習 ) (personal

growth and learning opportunities)

…. And others

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Discussion ： Who are the groups? (Company,

corporation, teams) Why they work together? (personal goal

aims and corporate aims) What are the selected aims ? (common

benefit) What the processes consist of?

(Planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling…)

What are the characteristics? (team work, functioning in order and smoothly, synergy effect 1+1 >2).

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Consider ： Alignment of personal objective and

corporate or organization objective Personal goal: Salary, benefit, holidays,

others… Corporate goal: survival, growth, profit,

social responsibility….

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社會目標 Community goal ： 社會公民責任 social

responsibilities such as, employment, environmental protection from pollution and planet preservation…

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Relationship of organization and management 組織與管理的關係 1

External factors to consider: mainly refers to the environment in which the organization locates, it can consists of government, regulation, economic condition, technical expertise, cultural and social background, international situation, marketing strategy and competitors.

外部環境因素：是指組織所處的環境：政府、法規、經濟狀況，技術程度，社會與文化背景，國際形勢，競爭者狀況和策略等。

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Relationship of organization and management 組織與管理的關係 2

Internal factors to consider: it is focus on the organization itself which includes organizational structure, form of establishment (sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company, listed company, association, directors’ board, supervisory board and assembly etc.), internal resources available and its changes, management ethics and corporate culture.

內部環境因素：組織結構 ( 獨資、合夥、有限公司、上市公司、社團組織、理事會、監事會、會員大會 ) 可用資源，資源需求和變化，組織管治理念，企業本身文化等。05/01/2023 10

效率與效能 Efficiency and effectiveness1

Efficiency refers to the evaluation of how to use resource to achieve goal. The manager of the company is mainly to make his team members to do the thing right, for example, the process to satisfy the customers’ need, with the resources available.

效率是衡量資源如何使用去達成目標。管理者的職責是讓企業組織及其成員盡量有效率地執行作業，以提供顧客商品與服務 ( 即 do the thing right) 。05/01/2023 11

效率與效能 Efficiency and effectiveness 2

Effectiveness refers the evaluation of how well or fit of the goal, that is doing the right thing, for example, the thing we do can fit the need of our customers or meet the purpose of the corporation. For an effective manager, he should have clear and appropriate goal or objective and also viable way to get goals achieved.

效能是衡量管理者為組織所選定的目標是否適當，以及企業組織能夠達成的程度為何 ( 即 do the right thing) 。管理者應製訂適當的目標並且得以達成時，才是有效能的管理者。

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Recognition of operational process 營運過程 Input of resources 產入 ( 在特定環境下投放資源 ) Production 營運過程 Output (services or product) 產出 ( 成品 / 服務去滿足顧客需求 )

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管理過程 management process

Some people may define management as a technical process to enable the operation process which using resources to satisfy customers’ need effectively.

管理是涵蓋以上整個過程，並達致有效率完成並符合效能所需的一套綜合技術，令營運單位整合資源充份使用，最後產生能滿足顧客需求的成品 / 服務。 05/01/2023 14

管理過程 management process

Hence, manager is termed as leaders who make use of resources including human resources, financial resources, and time of the organization, with various techniques (planning, organizing, controlling, staffing, leading etc.) to get things (accomplishment of objectives) done in accordance with specific standards, result or requirement.

主管人員：具有凝聚屬下，充份利用資源( 人、力、物、時 ) 透過特定的技巧，將工作完成。

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Management functions 管理的功能Consists of 4 major functions 管理的功能分四大板塊： 規劃 (planning) 組織 (organizating) 領導 (leading) 控制 (control)

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Levels of management 管理者的層次 第一線管理人 (first-line

manager) 中階管理人 (middle manager) 高階管理人 (top manager) 執行長 (CEO)

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Role of managers管理者的角色 決策者 decision maker 問題解決者 problem solver 資源分配者 resources distributor 談判者 negotiator 領導人 leader 聯絡人 contact person 監督人 supervisor 頭臉人物 ( 代表人 )representative 發言人 speaker 傳播者 promoter

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Group Discussion 小組討論 管理者的角色那一項最重要。為什麽？ Which is considered the most

importation role for manager? Give your reasons with your answer.

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Requirements to form your study group 組織學習小組 11) Recognize your colleagues and form your study group 認識你的同學並組成學習小組；2) Maximum members of each study group should be less than 8% of the whole class, each groups are required to submit their list in A4 size printed report stating: Name of group, names of student members and student number, contract phone number or e-mail, functions in the study group (such as leader, vice leader, secretary etc.) and photo of each member with appropriate identification. 每組人數不超過全班人數 8% ，並於下週提交以 A4紙打印的小組名單。名單內容須包括：組員姓名、 學號、個人正面照片、聯絡方式及職務 ( 如組長、副組長、文書和組員 ) 。

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Requirements to form your study group 組織學習小組 23) All students should have your individual file and keep a full sets copies of your group works before submission to your tutor who would check your file from time to time, marks will count. 你們所交的習作，必須每位組員留有副本並形成檔案備導師檢查。

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Important tips for learning management注意事項

1. The first thing to learn management is to manage well yourselves and take your responsibilities as student 學習管理他人，首要管好自己，自我承擔責任。

2. Always make clear what is the requirement, what to do, who to do, when to complete, what are completion standards. Learning segregation of duty is also important.弄清楚所有的要求：做什麼？誰人做？何時完成？完成的標準？如何分工？

3. Recognize what can do, what cannot do and who is in charge. 對沒說的事，要認識清楚那些可以做？不可以做？誰作主？

4. Every student should have his own notes, files for study 每人都要做筆記及參與習作。

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Reading references: Jones & George – Mc Graw

Hill 當代管理學第一章Chapter 1

Harold Koontz and others – Essentials of Management- Fifty Edition, ISBN 0-07-100776-8 Mc Graw Hill Chapter 1

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參考與閱讀 Jones & George – Mc

Graw Hill 當代管理學第一章

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