present future simple
DESCRIPTION
present futureTRANSCRIPT
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Present Tense& Future Tense
Dyah Darma Andayani
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Apapun bisa terjadi sekarang, di masa depan ataupun di masa lampau. Tenses (Kala Pewaktuan) memperlihatkan kapan sebuah kerja dalam bentuk kata terjadi. Beberapa kata kerja berubah bentuknya hanya untuk memperlihatkan waktu dari kerja itu sendiri.
Waktu dapat dibagi ke dalam tiga periode The Present (apa yang dilakukan sekarang/what you are doing), The Past (apa yang telah dikerjakan/what you did) and The Future (apa yang akan anda kerjakan/what you are going to do).
The Tenses
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Tenses yang digunakan juga dapat dibagi kembali ke dalam bentuk Simple, Continuous dan Perfect tenses.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kita menggunakan dua tenses untuk membicarakan the present dan enam tenses untuk membicarakan the past. Ada beberapa cara untuk membicarakan masa depan (the future), beberapa menggunakan bentuk present tenses:
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Present -Simple Present-Present Continuous
Past -Simple Past-Past Continuous-Present Perfect Simple-Present Perfect Continuous-Past Perfect Simple-Past Perfect Continuous
Future - Using the simple present- Using the Present Continuous- Using the Present Perfect Simple- Using the Present Perfect
Continuous- Using Going to- Using Shall/will
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Part 1PRESENT TENSES
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The simple tenses digunakan untuk memperlihatkan karakteristik permanen seseorang dan kejadian atau apapun yang terjadi secara reguler, kebiasaan, atau sesuatu yang selesai dalam sekali aksi.
The simple present tense digunakan untuk mendiskusikan situasi permanen dan frekuensi suatu kejadian.
Simple tenses
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To have Short form Other Verbs (to work)
I have I've I work
he has he's He works
she has she's She works
it has it's It works
you have you've you work
we have we've we work
they have they've they work
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Statements+
Statements- Questions Short answer
+Short answer-
I work. I don't work. Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
She works. She doesn't work.
Does she work? Yes, she does. No, she
doesn't.
It works. It doesn't work. Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.
You work. You don't work. Do you work? Yes you do. No, you don't.
We work. We don't work. Do we work? Yes we do. No, we don't.
They work. They don't work. Do they work? Yes they do. No, they don't.
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Simple Present Timeline
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Q) "Where do you live?" A) "I live in Germany."
Q) "Where does he live?" A) "He lives in Germany."
Q) "What do you do?" A) "I'm a teacher." Q) "What does he do?" A) "He's a teacher."
Contoh
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The simple present tense juga digunakan untuk memperlihatkan seberapa sering suatu kejadian terjadi dengan adverbs of frequency - always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc.... Dan saat mendiskusikan daily, weekly, monthly etc. routines.
Contoh: "I always get up at 6.00." "I never drink coffee before 12.00." "I work on my website every day." "Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym."
Frekuensi Kejadian
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Kita juga menggunakan the simple present untuk meminta dan memberi instruksi atau untuk mendiskusikan sebuah serial aksi.
Contoh : Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first
you take 4 eggs and crack them into a bowl, then you weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into the eggs. etc.
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Ketika kita membicarakan mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang benar-benar terjadi sekarang (now), digunakan The present continuous tense.
Present Continuous Tense
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Statements+
Statements- Questions Short answer
+Short answer
-
I'm working. I'm not working. Am I working? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
He's working. He isn't working. Is he working? Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
She's working. She isn't working. Is she working? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
It's working. It isn't working. Is it working? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.
You're working. You aren'tt working.
Are you working? Yes you are. No, you aren't.
We're working. We aren't working.
Are we working? Yes we are. No, we aren't.
They're working.
They aren't working.
Are they working? Yes they are. No, they aren't.
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Present Continuous Timeline
Contoh :Q) "What are you doing?" A) "I'm building a website."
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Kita juga menggunakan the present continuous tense juga untuk membicarakan hal-hal yang terjadi beberapa saat sekarang tetapi sifatnya temporer atau sementara.Contoh :
Q) "What are you doing these days?" A) "Unfortunately I'm working a lot."
Juga digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tren atau situasi yang “happening” tetapi sifatnya sementara..Contoh:
"Nowadays more and more people are shopping on the Internet."
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...dan aksi yang berupa kebiasaan (biasanya dalam konteks negatif).Contoh:
"He's always cleaning his car." The present continuous tense juga digunakan untuk
mendiskusikan kejadian-kejadian masa depan (future events).
The present continuous juga digunakan dengan “doing verbs (verbs of action)” bukan dengan “verbs of state”. Bentuk-bentuk verbs berikut tidak digunakan dalam bentuk the continuous form:-Conditions: belong, cost, need, own, seemFeelings: like, love, hate, want, wishBeliefs: believe, feel, know, mean, remember, think, understand
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Part 2Future Tenses
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Kita kadangkala menggunakan the simple present form untuk membicarakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa depan (future events). Terutama membicarakan “official events” yang terjadi dalam waktu yang sudah diatur seperti jadwal (timetables), pertemuan, daftar perjalanan (itineraries), program(programmes) dll.Contoh:
Q) "What time does the train leave?" A) "It leaves at 17.30."
Q) "What time does the meeting begin tomorrow?" A) "It begins at 8.00am."
Q) "What time do you arrive at the airport tomorrow?" A) "I arrive at 6.30pm."
Simple Present Tense
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The future continuous tense bisa dikatakan sebagai daur ulang dari bentuk the present continuous tense. Tense ini sering untukdigunakan untuk bertanya dan mendiskusikan aturan-aturan masa depan atau rencana dengan waktu masa depan, tetapi hanya digunakan jika rencananya sudah pasti.Contoh:
Q) What are you doingnext week?" A) "I'm working."
Q) What's he doingtomorrow?" A) "He's playing tennis."
Menggunakan The Present Continuous Tense untuk The Future
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The present continuous tense juga digunakan untuk membicarakan dan membuat perjanjian di masa depan dan perjanjian dengan menggunakan kata” go” atau “come”....Contoh:
Q) When are you coming to see me?" A) "Next week."
Q) What are you doing tomorrow?" A) "I'm going to the dentist."
...and using verbs of arrival and departure. "We're arriving in London at 2.30." "The train leaving from platform one is the
2.45 to Edinburgh."
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Penggunaan 'will be doing' dalam kalimat sering ditujukan sebagaimana bentuk the future continuous. Tenses digunakan untuk membicarakan kejadian yang akan terjadi (happening) pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.Contoh:
Next week we will be having a party. Can you come?
You can also use it (or the present continuous form) to talk about future plans.
For example: We will be leaving here at 7.30pm.
Future Continuous Tense
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Kita dapat menggunakan bentuk the present perfect simple untuk menyatakan sesuatu akan terjadi di suatu masa tertentu di masa depan.
Contoh :
"This time next year I will have finished my exams."
Mendiskusikan Future dengan menggunakan bentuk The Present Perfect Simple
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Kita dapat menggunakan bentuk the present perfect continuous untuk membicarakan berapa lama sesuatu akan terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Contoh :"This time next year I will have been teaching English for 9 years."
Untuk mendiskusikan the Future dengan menggunakan bentuk The Present Perfect Continuous
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Kita dapat menyatakan sesuatu akan terjadi (something is going to happen) ketika hal tersebut telah direncanakan.
Contoh:Q) Are you going to fly to Germany?A) No, we're going to drive.
Kita juga dapat menggunakan “going to” untuk memperlihatkan bahwa sesuatu telah diputuskan.
Contoh:"We're going to buy a new car next year."
Untuk mendiskusikan Future menggunakan “Going To”
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Kita juga dapat menggunakan “going to” ketika melihat sesuatu akan terjadi.Contoh: "Look at that cloud. I think it's going to rain."
"Watch out! He's going to crash into that tree!"
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Kita juga dapat menggunakan “going to” untuk memprediksi masa depan berdasarkan kejadian-kejadian yang ada sekarang.Contoh:
"It looks as though Manchester United are going to win the European cup.
"I think my friend Louise is going to have a baby.“
Catatan : "I'm going to Germany." bukanlah bentuk the
future tense. Bentuk yang tepat adalah "I'm going to go to Germany."
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Ketika kita memberikan informasi tentang masa depan atau prediksi kejadian masa depan yang tidak pasti, kita umumnya menggunakan shall/will.Contoh:
Q) Who do you think will win the election?" A) "I'm not sure but I think the current party will win."
Kita dapat menggunakan shall/will untuk janji untuk masa depan.
Contoh: When leaving work I would say - "Goodnight, I'll (I will) see you tomorrow."
Untuk mendiskusikan the Future dengan menggunakan “Shall/Will”
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Shall/Will juga digunakan ketika kita baru saja memutuskan untuk melakukan sesuatu (quick decision).Contoh:
The phone is ringing - If I decide to answer the phone I would say - "I'll (I will) get it.“
Juga dapat digunakan dalam situasi formal untuk mengekspresikan kejadian-kejadian terencana dan biasanya dipilih untuk digunakan dalam penulisan formal.Contoh:
The party will start at 10.00pm.