prof. y kwag@rsp-lab hankuk aviation univ. radar and sar principles and applications 최신...
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Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar and SAR Principles and Applications
최신 레이다 추세 와 활용
곽 영 길 교수전자 정보통신 컴퓨터 공학부
항공전자연구소 소장
한국항공대학교
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR ?
Definition: RAdio Detection And Ranging
plus target`s position, velocity, image,
and identification
“The basic concept of RADAR is relatively simple,
but, in many instances its practical implementation
is NOT”. Integrated Technologies :
- Systems/Electronics/Mechanics/
- Computer to RF TechnologyRSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR – Electronic Eye
RADAR: HIGHLY SENSITIVE SENSOR - ELECTIONIC EYE using electromagnetic wave
- ALL WEATHER OPERATION under cloud and rain
- DAY OR NIGHT OPERATION
- FINE RANGE , ANGLE, DOPPLER MEASUREMENT
- RADAR IMAGING AND IDENTIFICATION
DUAL USE TECHNOLOGY:CIVIL & MIL - AIR TRAFFIC SAFETY CONTROL AND NAVIGATION
- AIR DEFENSE AND FIRE CONTROL
- SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR HISTORY
- 1886 : Heinrich Hertz`s Demonstration of Radio Wave
- 1920`s : AIRCRAFT (BOMBER) Detection and Early Warning
- 1930`s : BISTATIC CW RADAR
- 1940`s : MONOSTATIC PULSE RADAR
- 1950`s : PULSED DOPPLER RADAR-Signal Processing Concept
- 1960`s : PHASED ARRAY RADAR
- 1970`s : DIGITAL MTI AND IMAGEING RADAR
- 1980`s : SAR AND OTH-RADAR
- 1990`s : SENSITIVE AND MULTIFUNCTION RADAR (PATRIOT)
- 2000`s : SPACE BONRNE RADAT(SIR-E/SRTM)
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR CLASSIFICATIONS
- RANGE : SHORT, MIDEUM, LONG RANGE
- FUNCTION : SURVEILLANCE, TRACKING
- INFORMATION : 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, IMAGE(SAR)
- OBJECT : A/C, SHIP, MISSILE, VEHICLE, WEATHER
- FREQUENCY : HF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, Millimeter
- PROCESSING : MTI, PULSE, DOPPLER, LPI, SAR
- PRF : LPRF, MPRF, HPRF
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
수집
사용전파 분석처리 , 저장 , 도시 ,
시뮬레이션
보고체계지형정보
표적정보 영상
정보 신호정보 음향
정보정보
전송망
정보융합
( 음향 ,영상 ,신호 ,표적 ,지형 )
레이더
표적위치 ,속도 , 방향식별
지형지물위치결정 ,속성판독
표적위치 ,이동 , 식별
영상 위치 , 주파수 ,암호 ,*PRF
표적위치 , 이동 , 식별해저지형지물
음향신호
항공기 ,비행정 위성
RPV
헬기
지상함정
해저
잠수함
지상수신소 ( 데이터링크 )음향정보( 능동 , 수동 )
영상정보(SAR, E-O, 사진 ) 신호정보
( 통신 , 전자 )
표적정보( 레이더 )
Sensor System
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar - Environment
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR REQUIREMENTS
⑴ DETECTION - HIGH S/N ENHANCES DETECTABILITY
AS WELL AS ACCURACY
⑵ ACCURACY - RANGE, HEIGHT, PLAN POSITION OR
AZIMUTH AS FUNCTIONS OF RANGE
⑶ RESOLUTION - FUNCTION OF BANDWIDTH FOR RANGE,
BEAMWIDTH FOR ANGLE AND DWELL TIME
FOR VELOCITY
⑷ CLUTTER REJECTION - EQUIPMENT STABILITY, WAVEFORM, SIGNAL PROCESSOR
* ANTI-JAMMING, ECCM, STEALTHY
- ADVANCED WAVEFORM, PROCESSING
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
WHAT CAN A RADAR MEASURE?
․ RANGE - MEASURED BY TIME
c=VELOCITY OF LIGHT
․ ANGLE - MEASURE BY ANTENNA BEAM POINTING
․ RANGE RATE - MEASURE BY DOPPLER FREQUENCY OFFSET
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
2
cTR
Δt
ΔRR
c
VF2
λ
V2f t
d
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
PHYSICAL RESOLUTION CELL
․RANGE
(A/D SAMPLING PERIOD)
PW=PULSE WIDTH
․ANGLE
(BEAMWIDTH)
․DOPPLER FREQUENCY
(DOPPLER FILTER)
DWELL TIME
= TIME OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
• Environmental limits • Applicable technology & components
limits* Radar frequency selection* mechanical or electrical scan Ant.* Choice of Polalization* Radar waveform* Type of processing : MTI or
pulse Doppler MTD* Transmitting power :Tube/MPM or
Solid-state
Mission Analysis
Sensor Requirement
Sensor Design
System Parameters
Weight, Volume,
Size, Power, Reliability
Subsystem/module
Parts/ SW design
Implementation
Radar Design Procedure
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
4
1
min2
22t
maxS4
GPR
AE
4G
E
A
2e
2EA
AA
EE
A4DD4G
D,D
Radar Range Equation
losspathnpropagatioL
losssystemradarL
L4
AGPKwhere
LR
K
R4
AGPP
A
S
S2
ETTR
A4R
42ETT
R
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
GPAS
PT
INi
P
T
IGPAS
T
I
R
GP
A
S
LLLFBTKR
GGPN
S
PFBTKP
radarthewithinpowernoiseandGgain
havingpulsemultipletheFor
RLFBTK
GPN
SPLLLR
GP
P
Pthen
Lpathssignalmultiplein
Lin
Lsysteminlossestheif
043
22
0
40
3
22
43
22
)4(
.processing
)4()4(
onpropargati
Radar Equation – Point Target
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Losses in Radar Equation ⓐ System losses within the radar system
ⓑ Propagation medium loss
losssquintL
lossequipmentidealnonLloss,widthpulseL
lossoperatorLloss,scanloss,patternant.L
losscollapsingLloss,onpolarizatiL
losslimitingLguide,wavelossplumbingL
SQ
NEPW
OPAP
CPO
LIMPL
nmidBr00119.0r00188.0
nmiinrangeR
)hrmm(raterainfallr
0013.0factornattenuatiorainfallKwhere
rainfalltodue:)dB(RrKL
4
6.1
snow
2GHzrain
rainrain
f
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Atmospheric Absorption of MW
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar Eq. For Volume Target
ELAZ22
42T
GELAZ33
32T
e43
22T
V
22
V)EL(eff)AZ(eff
V
22
)EL(eff)AZ(eff
VC
SIG
V
)EL(eff)AZ(effAS22
42T
VC
DDLBR)4(32
GPN
StargetVolume
cosDBFLD2KTR)4(
GPN
StargetArea
BFLKTR)4(
GPN
StargetPoint
:Summary
cluttervolumeforfactortimprovemenMTIIMTIwhere
)hitsmultiple(Rc4
IMTIDDB2C
S
)hitone(Rc4
DDB2
P
PC
S,Finally
DDBLLR)4(32
cGPP
target,volumefromhitonefrompowerreceivedThe
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Pulse Doppler RADAR
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR PULSE - PRF
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RADAR PULSE SPECTRUM
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar Signal Processing – Concept
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SEAdesert
stormDustfarmlandAnglesChaffvegetatedInsectssnowwoodsBirdsrainmountains
vehiclesMovingWeatherLand
Radar Clutter Type
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Clutter Environmental Characteristics
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Clutter Radial Velocity Characteristics
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
clitterchaffandraingroundtoMTIcancellerdoubleaofeResponc ,,*
Clutter Spectrum Characteristics
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Delay Line Canceller - MTI
RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar Waveform Ambiguity
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
RAR – real aperture radar
SAR – enhanced cross-range resolution by moving the ant. radar moves rapidly by A/C or Sat (SAR)
ISAR – radar is stationary, target moves rapidly
useful in formation of a/c, & analyzing the scattering of targets to reduce their reflectivity.
DBS – Doppler Beam Sharpening
Doppler resolution : ability to separate targets
at the same range, azimuth, & elevation, moving at different radial velocities.
High Resolution Radar
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Radar Frequency Band
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab
Typical Weather Radar Spec.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab
NEXRAD WSR-88D Radar Spec.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Spec.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
1) Radar Environment: Propagation Target Characteristics, Clutter
Characteristics Computer Modeling
2) Radar Systems: Military Radar (airborne or space based) Surveillance, Tracking Reconnaissance Seekers Multi-function Radar Remote Sensing – Imaging RadarActive Arrays, Conformal Antennas
Current Radar Technology
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
3) Advanced Sub-Systems:
Antennas , Transmitters/Receivers
Signal Processing , Data Processing
T/R Modules , ADC Technology
4) ECCM Techniques
Anti-jam Techniques
Jamming Effectiveness
LPI Techniques
Design for Low RCS
Active and Passive Radar Decoys
ESM Techniques
Current Radar Technology
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
5) Processing Techniques:
Space-time Adaptive Processing
CFAR Detection Techniques
MTI/MTD
SAR/ISAR Processing , Interferometry
Target Classification, Radar Data Fusion
Polarimetric Techniques
Waveform Design
Fusion with other Sensors
Current Radar Technology
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Ultra-wideband Radar
Laser Radar, Optical Signal Processing/Photonics
Microwave and Millimetric Radiometry
SDR – Software Defined Radar
COTS Technologies
Radar Networks
Computer Modelling and Simulation
Performance Prediction of Radar Systems
Computer Modelling for Design
Scenario/Engagement Modelling for EW
Emerging Radar Technology
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Weather Radar
Automotive Radar
Detection of Mines and other Buried Objects
Perimeter or Border Security
Air Traffic Monitoring and Control
Airport Surveillance
HF Radar
Meterological Radars
Dual-Use Radar Technology
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN RADAR
ADVANTAGES:
- POTENTIAL TO PERFORMING ALL RADAR PROCESSING
FUNCTION IN REAL-TIME
- MORE INTELLIGENT, STABLE, MODULAR, VERSATILE,
PROGRAMMABLE FEATURES
DEVICE TREND:
- VLSI, VHSIC, VHPIC, ASIC
- GaAs GIGAHERTZ LOGIC
- FAST MEMORY AND ECL GATE ARRAY
- ULTRA HIGH SPEED A/D AND D/A
- PROGRAMMABLE GIGAFLOP DSP(COTS)
- NEW ALGORITHM BASED ARCHITECTURE
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
ADVANCED RADAR TECHIQUE
- MULTI-MODE SIGNAL PROCESSING
- GIGA-FLOPS VHSIC/VHPIC
- ADAPTIVE ARRAY AND ECCM
- ISAR AND IMAGING
- LPI AND ANTI-ARM
- ANTI-STEALTH
- ADAPTABILITY
- HIGH DIRECTIVITY AND HIGH RESOLUTION
- MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROCESSING
- TARGET CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
- FIELDABILITY
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Airborne Radar Applications
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Spaceborne SAR Applications
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Why Spaceborne SAR
Periodic Update Over Wide AreaGlobal Coverage, Legal Access All Weather, Day or Night Right Time, Right Access
Periodic Update Over Wide AreaGlobal Coverage, Legal Access All Weather, Day or Night Right Time, Right Access
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Airborne SAR
All Weather, Day or Night Imaging Sensor All Weather, Day or Night Imaging Sensor
SAR Sensor
Spaceborne SAR
0
20
40
60
80
100
12-2 3-5 6-8 9-11
Prob. Of Cloud [%]
Prob. of Cloud in K. Peninsula
UAV SAR
600-800 km
10-20 km
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
History of SAR (I)
1988 : Generation of Electomagnetic Wave by Hertz1903 : Ship collision avoidance radar by Hulsmeyer, Germany1922 : Radar detection and tracking of ship by Marconi, Italy First CW radar system by A.H. Taylor, NRL, USA1934 : First airborne radar system ny R.M.Page, NRL, USA Radar systems for tracking & detection of aircraft by UK, Ger.1945 : First operational system during Word War II, USA, UK, Ger.
1951 : Principles of SAR by Carl Wiley, Goodyear Aircraft Co., USA “ The reflections from two fixed targets at an angular separation relative to the velocity vector could be resolved by Doppler frequency analysis of the along-track spectrum”
1953 : First focused strip map SAR by University of Illinois1958 : Operational airborne SAR, University of Michigan (ERIM)1964 : Single polarized X band SAR by ERIM1974 : L band SAR system by JPL, NASA
1988 : Generation of Electomagnetic Wave by Hertz1903 : Ship collision avoidance radar by Hulsmeyer, Germany1922 : Radar detection and tracking of ship by Marconi, Italy First CW radar system by A.H. Taylor, NRL, USA1934 : First airborne radar system ny R.M.Page, NRL, USA Radar systems for tracking & detection of aircraft by UK, Ger.1945 : First operational system during Word War II, USA, UK, Ger.
1951 : Principles of SAR by Carl Wiley, Goodyear Aircraft Co., USA “ The reflections from two fixed targets at an angular separation relative to the velocity vector could be resolved by Doppler frequency analysis of the along-track spectrum”
1953 : First focused strip map SAR by University of Illinois1958 : Operational airborne SAR, University of Michigan (ERIM)1964 : Single polarized X band SAR by ERIM1974 : L band SAR system by JPL, NASA
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Spaceborne SAR1962 : First L band Lunar sounding radar in the four rocket experiment at the White Sand, New Mexico, JPL, NASA1975 : Approval of Seasat mission, JPL/ NASA, ERIM1978 : Seasat – First spaceborne SAR by NASA (100 days mission–power failure)
1981 : SIR-A Shuttle Imaging Radar A1984 : SIR-B1993, 1994 : SIR-C/X
Planetary Radar/SAR1967 : Map of Venus using radar interferometry, NASA1972 : Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR) using SAR, USA1982 : Modified VOIR – Venus Radar Mapper renamed Magellan, USA1983 : Venera 16 – Mission to Venus, USSR
Spaceborne SAR1962 : First L band Lunar sounding radar in the four rocket experiment at the White Sand, New Mexico, JPL, NASA1975 : Approval of Seasat mission, JPL/ NASA, ERIM1978 : Seasat – First spaceborne SAR by NASA (100 days mission–power failure)
1981 : SIR-A Shuttle Imaging Radar A1984 : SIR-B1993, 1994 : SIR-C/X
Planetary Radar/SAR1967 : Map of Venus using radar interferometry, NASA1972 : Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR) using SAR, USA1982 : Modified VOIR – Venus Radar Mapper renamed Magellan, USA1983 : Venera 16 – Mission to Venus, USSR
History of SAR (II)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Resolution Example : RAR Case 1 : C-band(5.3GHz) Airborne flying at 1km altitude, 10 m antenna long, 5km slant range --> 30m Case 2 : C-band(5.3GHz) Spaceborne ERS at 800km altitude
10 m antenna long, 900 km slant range --> 5 km
Resolution Example : RAR Case 1 : C-band(5.3GHz) Airborne flying at 1km altitude, 10 m antenna long, 5km slant range --> 30m Case 2 : C-band(5.3GHz) Spaceborne ERS at 800km altitude
10 m antenna long, 900 km slant range --> 5 km
Radar and SAR ?
Radar : RAdio Detection And Ranging: - Target information on presence, position, velocity, tracking
RAR : Real Aperture Radar : coarse image - Possible to achieve fine resolution in range direction, - Targets in azimuth beam can not be resolved precisely (DBS)
SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar : fine imaging - Fine resolution in both range and azimuth directions precisely can be achieved , independent of detection range.
ISAR : Inverse SAR fine target signature
Radar : RAdio Detection And Ranging: - Target information on presence, position, velocity, tracking
RAR : Real Aperture Radar : coarse image - Possible to achieve fine resolution in range direction, - Targets in azimuth beam can not be resolved precisely (DBS)
SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar : fine imaging - Fine resolution in both range and azimuth directions precisely can be achieved , independent of detection range.
ISAR : Inverse SAR fine target signature
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
– Range c /2B sin( Wide Bandwidth )– Azimuth RDsyn (Beam Synthesis )
Antenna Length D
Beamwidth
Point
Synthesized Antenna Length
Beamwidth
Image
RAR RAR SARSAR
SAR – Synthetic Principle
Resolution
RD D
Dsyn
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Spaceborne SAR Technology Trend
SeasatSeasat
SIR-C/XSIR-C/X
ERS-1ERS-1
RadarsatRadarsat
Light SAR
Light SAR
ROK-SARROK-SAR
1980 1990 1995 2000
JERS-1JERS-1- L 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 25m- 1978, USA
대형 고가
- L/C/X 밴드- 해상도 : 25m- 우주왕복선 탑재- 1981/84/94, NASA
- C 밴드 , 빔조향- 해상도 : 10m- 1995 / 2001, CSA
- C 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 25m- 1991/95, ESA
- L 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 18m- 1992, NASDA
- L 밴드 , 빔조향- 해상도 : 3m급- 2002, NASA
- X 밴드 , 전자빔 조향- 고해상도- 200?, ROK
(년도 )
System Trend :Faster, Better, Smaller, Cheaper( 소형 , 경량 , 저가 , 고성능 )
System Trend :Faster, Better, Smaller, Cheaper( 소형 , 경량 , 저가 , 고성능 )
Technology Trend :Multi-FrequencyMulti-PolarizationHigh ResolutionOn-board Processing
Technology Trend :Multi-FrequencyMulti-PolarizationHigh ResolutionOn-board Processing
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Spaceborne SAR system
항목 장비명 ERS-1/2 Radarsat IALMAZ-1 LACROSSE PALSAR
해상도 (m) 25 10-100 10-100 3-100
관측폭 (km) 100 50-500 70-250 15-250
임무고도 (km) 785 792 700 600
입사각 (도 ) 24 17-50 20-55 20-52
발사 /수명 91&95/3 95/ 5 ‘02 /3-5 ‘02/ 5
보유국가 유럽 캐나다 일본 미국
LightSAR
15
20-45
280
30-60
91 / 2.5
러시아
1-2
-
500-700
-
88,91,97/5
미국
주파수 C C L L
편파 V V H H Full Full
S
H H
X
-
형상
운용목적 과학탐사 상용 정찰 , 상용 민수용과학탐사 정찰용
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SEASAT: First Spaceborne SAR (NASA, USA)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
ERS –1/2 European Remote Sensing Sat. (ESA)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
PALSAR – Phased Array L-band SAR (2002, Japan)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
주관 : CSA, MDA ( 캐나다 )발사 : 2003 예정임무 : Radarsat-1 후속 운용 , 수명 7 년센서 : C- 밴드 SAR, Full Polarization 12-100MHz Bandwidth 200Gbit SSR, 400Mbps 2x105Mbps 데이터 링크 안테나 : 15 x 1.4m, TR module (750kg) 관측범위 : 10km - 500km
Beam mode coverage ResolutionStandard 100km 25x28mWide 150km 25x28mFine 50km 10x9mScanSAR 500km 100x100m
Polarimetry Std QP 25km 25x28mFine QP 25km 11x9m
Single Pol Ultra fine 20km 3x3m
Radarsat-2: Canadian SAR Satellite(2002, CSA)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Lacrosse : Reconnaissance SAR (USA)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) – NASA, USA
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
주관 : NASA/JPL, NIMA, DLR( 미국 , 독일 )발사 : 2000. 2. 11 17:43 GMT임무시간 : 11 일 5 시간 38 분임무 : Global DTM 3 차원 맵 (Interferometry) 60m baseline 안테나 마스터 설치관측범위 : 북위 +60 ~ -56 도 , 225km swath센서 : C-band, X-band SAR 고도정확도 : 20m( 수평 ), 10m( 수직 )성과 : 지구표면의 80% DEM 자료 획득
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SAR Frequency Characteristics
100 m
1.0 0.3 0.1 0.03 0.01파장 , m
Ski
n D
ept
h
1 mm
10 mm
10 cm
1 m
10 m 수분함류량
(%)0
1-2
2-10
10-20
108 109 1010
1011
주파수 , Hz
Sea Water
Very Wet Soils
Average Moist Loams
Dry Soils
Dry Sand and Very Poor
Soils
BAND L C X
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
광학 영상숲 투과 / 도로 탐지철 구조물 반사
전자파 투과특성 전천후 / 야간 감시 전자파 반사특성
구름 투과 (SAR 영상 )
영상 해상도해상도 이하의 표적탐지 은폐물 투과 특성
< 영국남부 해
안 지
역 >
SAR Sensor 특성
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SAR/EO Image Comparison
SAR 영상SAR 영상EO 영상EO 영상 미국 워싱턴 공항 지역미국 워싱턴 공항 지역
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
영상 소요자영상 소요자
임무관제소임무관제소
지상수신처리소지상수신처리소
영상획득요구
영상획득
명령 전송 자료전송
영상정보
임무계획 수립임무계획 수립
임무 관제임무 관제자료수신처리자료수신처리
영상정보처리영상정보처리
정보 분석 / 전파
긴급임무
위기감시긴급정찰재난감시표적감시
우선임무
환경오염해난사고기름유출국경감시
평시임무
자원관리 /국토개발농작물 /산림분포
해안선감시
SAR Operational Concept
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
군사응용 분야 민수응용 분야 과학응용 분야 지표면 탐사 지도 작성 생태계 연구 산림황폐화 연구 해양 연구
자연재해 감시 공해 /환경 감시 자원 관리 해안 감시 농업 /산림 분포
국경지역 감시 군사시설 탐지 군사 표적 이동 함정 /선박 탐지 표적 식별 입체지도 작성
SAR Applications
영상 레이다는 범 국가적인 민군 겸용의 광범위한 응용분야
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
• 국토개발 / 자원관리– 농작물 / 산림 분포 분석– 광산 개발 / 지질 탐사
• 위기감시 / 환경감시– 홍수 / 태풍 / 산불– 환경오염 / 해양오염
Copyright ESA
<강변의 홍수지역 , ERS 영상 > <해안기름 유출 , RADARSAT 영상 >
Copyright CSA
<미국의 지진지역 , ERS 영상 > < 영국해안의 조수변화 , ERS 영상 >
Copyright ADD
<브라질 산림벌목 , ERS 영상 >
Copyright ADD
<영국의 광산지역 , ERS 영상 >
Copyright ADD
< 서울 , Radarsat 영상 >
<농작물 작황분석 , ERS 영상 >
CopyrightADD
SAR Applications – Typical Example
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
ROK-SAR System Configuration
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SAR Image Application - Seoul
Radarsat 영상
획득일시 : 1997/12/08 18:36 빔 모 드 : Fine 5 입 사 각 : 46.357º 해 상 도 : 9m 화소크기 : 6.25m x 6.25m
Radarsat 영상
획득일시 : 1997/12/08 18:36 빔 모 드 : Fine 5 입 사 각 : 46.357º 해 상 도 : 9m 화소크기 : 6.25m x 6.25m
SAR 입체영상 (Stereo) 처리
– SAR 위성간섭영상 (Interferometry) 처리– 표적변화 / 탐지– 표적 식별 / 분류– Geometric 교정– Radiometric 교정– Geocoding– 영상 Masaicking
SAR 입체영상 (Stereo) 처리
– SAR 위성간섭영상 (Interferometry) 처리– 표적변화 / 탐지– 표적 식별 / 분류– Geometric 교정– Radiometric 교정– Geocoding– 영상 Masaicking
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SAR Stereo Image
Radarsat 영상 (F1, F5) 을 입체처리하여 생성한 수지표고모델 (DEM) 을 3 차원으로 구성하고 정사영상 (ORI) 을 그위에 표현 (3 차원 원근도시법 ) 상대고도 정확도 : 10m 정도
Radarsat 영상 (F1, F5) 을 입체처리하여 생성한 수지표고모델 (DEM) 을 3 차원으로 구성하고 정사영상 (ORI) 을 그위에 표현 (3 차원 원근도시법 ) 상대고도 정확도 : 10m 정도
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
SAME SIDE
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
OPPOSITE SIDE
3차원 지형도시 (서울 관악산 )3차원 지형도시 (서울 관악산 ) 영상획득을 위한 Geometry영상획득을 위한 Geometry