ศ.ดร.พั�นธุ์�ทิ�พัย์ รามสู�ตPh.D. (Social Epidemiology)

สูถาบั�นพั�ฒนาสู�ขภาพัอาเซี�ย์นมหาวิ�ทิย์าลั�ย์มห�ดลั

การวิ�จั�ย์เชิ�งคุ�ณภาพัQualitative Research

Analysis• A process of

- making sense of- organizing- interpreting

• Simultaneously c data collection

data collection data saturationstart

enddata analysis

The process of analysis• Collection of adequate & Appropriate data• Creativity in data analysis

Cognitive process• Comprehending• Synthesizing (decontextualizing)• Theorizing• Recontextualizing

1) Comprehending• Theory - suspend

- template • Making sense of data• Intraparticipant microanalysis

2) Synthesizing• getting a feel• sifting - critical factors• Interparticipant analysis • Commonality sorting

3) Theorizing• sorting phase• active, continuous, rigorous process• constant development & manipulation• identify beliefs, values• emic-etics, macro-micro linkage• lateral thinking• systematic-inductive

4) Recontextualizing• generalize into different settings• new context• usefulness, implicatious

ทิฤษฎี�หร(อแนวิคุ�ด

(Theory or concept)

กรรมวิ�ธุ์�การศ*กษา

(Methods)

การสู�งเกตการณ(Observat

ion)

สูมมต�ฐาน(Hypoth

eses)

การสูร�ปสูาระจัากข.อเทิ/จัจัร�ง

(Empirical generalizatio

n)

การสูร�ปแบับั

น�รน�ย์

(Logica

l

induct

ion)

การให.คุ1าจั1าก�ดคุวิาม

เพั(2อทิดสูอบัแลัะการ

สูร.างเคุร(2องม(อ

(Opera

tionaliz

ati

on &

Inst

rum

entatio

n

)

การสูร�ปแบับัอ�ปน�ย์

(Logical

deduction)

มาตรา & การวิ�ด(Sealing

and

measurem

ent)

Inductive process• Emerging of research findings• Reducing to a brief format• Establishing relationship (obj. – findings)• Developing the model/theory

Data preparation Data textual narrative

- transcribed interview

- field notes- reflections, ideas,

conjectures (diary) Collecting & keeping record Back up Transcribing (word by word), quote Checking, highlighting

Process of data analysis• Get to know the data

- line by line reading

- highlighting the key words

- taking notes, comments

- re - read•Focus the analysis - identify the key questions

- explore the relationship between question

• Categerize information

- identify themes/patterns

- organize into coherent categories

- connection (within, between)

- synthesize- interprete- conclusion- verification

Thematic analysis common threads abstract – concept indicated read / reread step back, reflection memo – general summarize

Content analysis / (Question analysis) by topic read entire interview identify topics category labels (broad-minimum) develop tree diagram (saturated) write descriptive paragraphs relate between categories

Reliability & Validity1.Apparent validity2.Instrumental

Validity3.Theoretical validity4.Internal validity

credibility (truth value)

5.External validity (fittingness)

6.Reliability- auditability- confirmability

ชิน�ดของข.อม�ลั

ประเภทิของเหต�การณ

(อะไร)พัฤต�กรรมการกระทิ1า

(อะไรแลัะอย์4างไร)ก�จักรรม

(ใคุร)การม�

สู4วินร4วิม

(อย์4างไร)คุวิาม

สู�มพั�นธุ์

(ทิ�2ไหน)สูภาพัสู�งคุม

(ทิ1าไม)คุวิามหมาย์

Analysis of observational data

Drawback : Data collection is

- labor intensive process.• Vast amounts of

accumulate papers +

materials. (field notes, interview materials

(tapes) “ Data overload”• “ Data overload” is

compounded by a

number of investigatin g teams.

• Analysis - not easy- Required systematic,

formalized and comparable way for different types of data collection.

- No/or few guideline to assist.

Tips for analysing• Self memos : key points, ideas•Avoid generalizing• Use quote to support• Address limitation/alternatives• Thoughtful & enjoy