sampling techniques, safety, and sample quality control ohio department of transportation hazardous...

Sampling Techniques, Safety, and

Sample Quality Control

Ohio Department of Transportation

Hazardous Materials Training

December 5, 2006

Introduction

Bill Biehl, PG

Senior Project Manager

Hull & Associates, Inc.

Three Areas to Cover:

• Collecting a Representative Sample

• Sampling Safety

• Sampling Quality Control

Introduction

• Typical Waste Streams include:– Soil– Sediment– Sludges & Slurries– Waste Piles– Drums or Containerized Wastes– Surface Water– Surficial Contamination

(C&D considerations)• Others (Air, Soil Gas, Biota)

Collecting a Representative Sample

Waste Streams Common To ODOT Facilities

Collecting a Representative Sample - Sampling Methodologies

A. Non-Submerged Solids / Sludges / Sediment

Examples:• Soil• Waste Piles• Drums• Catch Basin Sludges• Surface Run-off Areas

Collecting a Representative Sample - Sampling Methodologies (con’t)

Non-Submerged Soils / Sludges / Sediments

• Sampling Spoon, Trowel, or Scoop

• Encore Sampler*• Shovel• Hand Auger w/ Sampler• Trier• Soil Recovery Probe /

Grain Sampler


B. Submerged Solids / Sludges / Sediment

Examples:• O/W Separator Sludge• Outfall Sediments• Drums


Submerged Soils / Sludges /

Sediments

• Sampling Spoon, Trowel, or Scoop

• Sludge Sampler• Dredge Sampler

Collecting a Representative Sample- Sampling Methodologies (con’t)

C. Water / LiquidsExamples:• O/W Separators• UST Observation Well• Drums• ASTs• Spill Containment Cells• Surface Waters


Liquids / Water

• Bailer

• COLIWASSA

• Drum Thief

• Peristaltic Pump

• Weighted Bottle

• Lab Sample Container


D. Surficial Contamination

- Chip or Wipe Samples

Examples:• Lead paint on

concrete• Battery acid spill on

concrete• PCB-contaminated oil

Collecting a Representative Sample – Sampling Strategy

Sampling Strategy - making sure the sample reflects the characteristics of the population or media being sampled

a. Biased Sampling (looking for “worst case”)b. Composite Sampling (looking for “average”)c. Grab Samples (specific location / time)d. Random Sampling (unknown or variable

concentrations)i. Simpleii. Stratified (sampling based on varying

colors/grain size)iii. Systematic (grid pattern)

Sampling Safety

• Up to date H&S Training• Recommend a H&S Plan (incl.

physical hazards)• Familiar with chemical, MSDS,

routes of exposure• Proper PPE

– Consider Exposures and probability for spillage

– Level D: long sleeves, protective glasses, proper sampling gloves (e.g. nitrile is most universal)

– Level C: Tyvek, boots, face shield, respirator

Sampling Safety

Sampling QA/QC

A. Sampling Procedures1. Sample Collection Practices

2. Sample Documentation

B. Custody Procedures1. Samplers Objective

2. Lab Objective

Sampling QA/QC


• Sample Containers & Preservatives– Zero headspace

• Sample Labeling• Sample Identification

– ODOT-specific– Unique & Descriptive

• Sampling Equipment Preparation and Decontamination

• Sample Storage and Transportation

Sampling QA/QC


a) Sample Containers & Preservatives• VOCs require “zero-headspace”

- VOA vial test

• Minimize volatilization• Minimize cross-contamination (“in-situ

sample”)• Pay close attention to preservatives

(special note about nitric acid)• Plenty of Sample! (sand & gravel ≠ clay)• Note Holding Time Requirements

Sampling QA/QC

A. Sampling Procedures2. Sample Documentation

• Field Notes (ODOT-specific form)• Sample Identification (double-check

notes/COC/sample bottle)• Chain-of- Custody

Sampling QA/QC

B. Custody Procedures1. Samplers Objective

• Site / Project Information• Sample ID / Number of sample

containers• Preservation• Requested Analyses• Special Notations (i.e., HOLD, report

to MDL)• Custody Signatures

Sampling QA/QC

What is “Custody”?

• The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) of the U.S. EPA defines custody as:

• 1. The sample is in your physical possession;• 2. The sample is within view after being in your

physical possession;• 3. The sample was in your possession and then

you locked or sealed it to prevent tampering; and/or• 4. The sample is placed in a designated secure

place with limited access to authorized personnel only.

Sampling QA/QC

B. Custody Procedures1. Lab Objective

• COC is the master document of communication between sampler and lab

• COC used to catalog sample and assign a unique lab ID number

• Lab will notify of problems or discrepancies (identification discrepancies, shipping problems, preservative problems)

Thank you!

www.hullinc.com

Hull & Associates, Inc.3401 Glendale Ave. Ste 300

Toledo, Ohio 43614(419) 385-2018

sampling techniques, safety, and sample quality control ohio department of transportation hazardous...

Documents