sharia & health huda

More than Honey & Black SeedsIs lam’s Contribution to Human Health

Hatem al-Haj, MD, PhD

الصحة لشريعة في حفظ ا م إسهب

Sharia’s Contribution to Human Health

1. General Guidance Regarding Health Maintenance

2. Specific Advice

3. Liberation of Human Intellect

هداة عامة لحفظ 1.

الصحة

خاصة نصائح2.

تحرر العقل البشري3.

Keep in Mind

All of the guidance is without mistakes.

That is only part of the wisdom.

Guiding Humanity to a Healthy Lifestyle Is Sharia‟s

Greatest Contribution to Health.

Why Muslims now are not always healthier.

Use this knowledge to grow your faith, increase your

certainty, and deepen your love for the one who blessed

you with this guidance, and the one who conveyed it all.

Guiding Humanity to a Healthy LifestyleIs Sharia’s Greatest Contribution to Health

Iman | Faith

HEALTHY TO HAVE FAITH

" أل بذكر للا الذين آهنىا وتطوئن قلىبهن بذكر للا

." تطوئن القلىة

“Those who have believed and whose

hearts are assured by the remembrance of

Allah . Unquestionably, by the

remembrance of Allah hearts are

assured." [Sahih International: ar-Ra‟d: 28]

Dr. Herbert Benson of the Harvard Medical School "found

that faith quiets the mind like no other form of belief.” [i]

Dr. David B. Larson of the American National Health

Research Center says, “Among Americans religious believers suffer

60% less heart disease. Suicide rate is twice is high for non-religious

women than religious women. Religious believers are seven times

less likely to have bad blood pressure.”[ii]

HEALTHY TO HAVE FAITH

Research … Reliance

Am Heart J. 2006 Apr;151(4):934-42.

Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) …

Benson H, Dusek JA, Sherwood JB, …. - Mind/Body Medical

Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Abstract… CONCLUSIONS: Intercessory prayer itself had no effect

on complication-free recovery from coronary artery bypass graft

(CABG), but certainty of receiving intercessory prayer was

associated with a higher incidence of complications.

Qadar & Mental Health

ما أصاب من مصيبة في الرض ول في أنفسكم إلا في كت اب "لك على اللاو يسير ل أن نبرأىا إنا ذ ل ت أسوا * من قب لكي

على ما ف اتكم ول تفرحوا بما آت اكم واللاو ل يحب كلا مخت ال “.فخور

“No misfortune can happen on earth or in your souls but is recorded in a decree

before We bring it into existence: That is truly easy for Allah *In order that ye may

not despair over matters that pass you by, nor exult over favors bestowed upon you.

For Allah loves not any vainglorious boaster.”

Sunni Bel ief in Qadar (Predestination)

Herbert Benson, MD says, “Faith in God is the best

preventative tool for such stress and to promote healthy immune

system. Believing that one hand is in control of everything eases

the mind.” [iv]

Edward T. Creagan, M.D., Mayo Clinic, describes the best

way of stress management: “Acknowledging that life is not

always fair, and the good guys do not always win...”[v]

Moderation, on Both Ends

“ ... ا آذاو ل ذفشدا ت ا فاذى ا ع …“ ى١ل ذأع

“…In order that ye may not despair over matters that pass you by,

nor exult over favors bestowed upon you...”

" ا ا عغ أ أتغغ تغ١ؼه ا ا تغ١ؼه ٠ ٠ى ا ا عغ أ أدثة دث١ثه

ا دث١ثه ٠ "٠ى

"Love those you love with moderation, for they may be your foes

one day. And hate those you hate with moderation for they may

become your beloved one day." [At-Tirmidhi from Abu Hurairah]

Bipolar Disorder

According to a Psychological Science study based

article by Fulford, Johnson, Llabre and Carver, “... falling

behind …we feel negative and motivated to increase effort, if

progressing faster than expected we feel positive and are

inclined to slack off a bit… Drawing on literature relating BD

to elevated goal-approach sensitivity, we hypothesized that

persons with BD would be less responsive to unexpectedly high

progress than would control subjects …study confirmed our

overall hypothesis...”[i]

Ibadat | Acts of Worship

Keep in Mind









Obsessions

Abu Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah said:

” ع ى أدذا ٠ج لااي : لااا. اد ٠اا سعاي ؟ ل أ : اذ ؟ ٠رغ ل أاا ل أ

مظذ ذثغا مظذ ا ا جح اذ ء ش سدا اغذا لاستا دا ح عذ . “تشد

“No one of you will be saved by his deeds.” They said: Not even

you, O Messenger of Allah? He said: “Not even me, unless Allah

bestows mercy upon me. So do good deeds properly, and try to

come close, and worship Allah in the forenoon and in the

afternoon and during a part of the night, and adhere to

moderation that you may reach your target.” [Al-Bukhari]

Health Maintenance & Hygiene

Fitrah | Natural Inclination

Natural Inclination

The Prophet said:

اخرا العرذذاد لض اشاسب ذم١ األظافش : افطشج خظ“

”رف التؾ

•“The fitrah (natural inclination) is five things:

c i r c u m c i s i o n , removing the pubes, trimming

the moustache, cutting the nails, and plucking the

armpit hair.” [Agreed upon - from Abi Hurayrah]

The Messenger of Allah said:

قص الشارب وإعفاء اللحة والسواك واستنشاق الماء وقص األظفاار وسساا الاارا : عشر من الفطرة "

ونسااا الااشاارة إ كن تيااون : قاااا مباااب : قاااا ريرااا . ونتااا اطاااط وحلااق الاانااة وانتءاااص الماااء

" المضمضة

“Ten [practices] are of the fitrah [natural inclinations]: trimming the

moustache, letting the beard grow, brushing the teeth, rinsing the

nose, clipping the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the

armpit hair, shaving the pubes and washing oneself with water after

using the lavatory.” Zakariyya said: Mus‟ab said: And I forgot the

tenth or it may have been rinsing the mouth. [Muslim from „Aishah]

Natural Inclination

Hygiene

Health Maintenance

• Hygiene: Rinsing the nostrils, the mouth, and brushing the teeth “Siwaak” Proper toileting practices. Using the right hand for drinking and eating and left for cleaning. Abstention from sexual relations during the menstrual cycle and the postnatal discharge.

Removing Impurities

Removing Impurities

• Wash 7 times, including 1 time with soil (Hanafi 4 times) Impurity of dog and pig

• Wash 3 times

• Other position: 1 effectiveOther Impurities

• Sprinkle the area with water

Male infant’s urine

Prostatic secretion (Madhee)

• ExcusedTrivial amount of blood, pus, and similar things

• Pour Water over itImpurity on the ground

Guidance, Even There!

Using the Lavatory

The Prophet said:

ل ٠رف ظ ف اإلاء " ١ ج ت١ ل ٠غر ١ روش ت١ فل ٠أخز ." را تاي أدذو

“When any one of you urinates, he should not hold his penis in his right hand or

clean it with his right hand; and (when drinking), he should not breathe into the

vessel.” [al-Bukhaari].

Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that,

" ا ث أ ا ع ا ش ٠جع عطائ أخز ث١ات ػئ ششت ١ ألو ٠ ٠جع ".ه ر وا

“the Prophet used to use his right hand for eating, drinking, making wudoo‟,

getting dressed, and giving and taking things, and he used to use his left hand for

other things. [Ahmad; Saheeh al-Jaami‟]

Using the Lavatory

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet said:

" ظ لاي ا ز ٠رخ ف ؽش٠ك ا اط أ ٠ا سعي ؟ ا العا لاا " اذ ما الع١

“Fear the two things that bring curses.” They asked, “What are the

two things that bring curses, O Messenger of Allah?” He said:

“When a person relieves himself in the road where people walk or in

the place where they seek shade.” [Abu Dawud; Saheeh al-Jaami‟]

The Prophet also said,

." ذ١ؾ األر ع اطش٠ك طذلح"

“Removing something harmful from the road counts as a charity

for you.” [al-Bukhari from Abi Hurayrah]

Wudu’ and GhuslMinor and Major Ablution

The dangers of not washing your hands

• Despite the proven health benefits of hand washing, many people don't practice this habit as often as they should — even after using the toilet. Throughout the day you accumulate germs on your hands from a variety of sources, such as direct contact with people… If you don't wash your hands frequently enough, you can infect yourself with these germs by touching your eyes, nose or mouth. And you can spread these germs to others...

Madmadah & Siwak

Nasal Irrigation

The study concluded that nasal irrigation has an enormous potential of improving the quality of life of millions of patients in a very cost effective way. Tomooka L. et al. (2000) Clinical Study and Literature Review of Nasal Irrigation. The LaryngoscopeNasal Douching as a Valuable Adjunct in the Management of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis. Rhinology 37:29-32 (Netti Pot)

Bathing

Required after ejaculation of semen, intercourse, menstruation and postnatal

bleeding. Some added upon conversion to Islam, and Ibn Taymiyah said, for

Jumu‟ah if one has an offensive odor…etc. We even wash the dead and the

majority considers it a communal obligation.

Recommended in religious gatherings, as well as all types of gatherings, and

that includes: Jumu‟ahs, the two Eids, eclipse prayer, prayer for rain, standing in

„Arafah, in al-Mash‟ar al-Haram, before stoning the Jamarat. It has also been

stated by the scholars that it is recommended upon change of one‟s mental or

physical condition, such as for the one who went insane or fell unconscious when

he recovers, and after cupping…etc. It is also recommended for some acts of

worship, such as entering ihraam. Some hold it recommended after washing the

dead based on a controversial hadeeth.

Times Online March 26, 2009: The Dirty Secrets of Bath time

Year 1000 CE. The Crusaders return from the east with the news of a delightful

custom – the Turkish bath. Bathhouses are built all over Europe.

www.ShariaAcademy.com

Keep in MindAll of the guidance is without mistakes.








Prayer

And Bow With Those Who Bow.

Meshino, J. “The Role of Spinal Inverted Traction in Chiropractic Practice.” ACA

Journal of Chiropractic 18 (Feb. 1984): 63-68.

• Study stated the hip flexed position (90/90) facilitates lumbar traction by flattening the lumbar spine and decreasing the loading effect of the psoas muscle on the lumbar spine during traction.

• Study stated inversion helps to negate the effect of gravity on the spinal column.

• Study stated inversion offers promise as a form of prevention, maintenance, and therapy.

Lost Flexibility!

Never Stop Bowing!

Lost Flexibility!

Never Stop Bowing!

Taking tension off discs

A nd P r io r to Th is , They Were I nv i ted to P ro st rate

Research … Prayer Helps

Ann Saudi Med. 2002 May-Jul;22(3-4):177-80.

Evaluation of new physical exercise taken from salat (prayer)… in

the rehab of geriatric and disabled patients

Reza MF, Urakami Y, Mano Y. - Department of Rehabilitation

Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Abstract… CONCLUSION: Physical activities involved in the

performance of salat helps in the rehabilitation process in disabled

geriatric patients by improving blood flow and increasing

musculoskeletal fitness

Yoga

According to Dr. Karima Bruns, MD, the Five salat

positions activate all seven “chakra” points. Eastern

beliefs say that activation of the chakra points promote

nerve and “energy” health.

Bruns says modern science shows this to be true and that

the salat actually does this better than yoga, because it is

more moderate and constant.

Putting It All Together

According to the Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body

Medicine - Harvard University:

Elicitation of the relaxation response is actually quite easy.

There are two essential steps:

1. Repetition of a word, sound, phrase, prayer, or

muscular activity.

2. Passive disregard of everyday thoughts that

inevitably come to mind and the return to your repetition.[i]

Components of Prayer

Islam Christianity Judaism Eastern Religions

Secularism

Physical ● ○ ◐ ● ●

Mental ● ● ● ● ●

Spiritual ● ● ● ◐ ○Obligation ● ◐ ◐ ○ ○

Frequency(daily obligation)

● ○ ◐ ○ ○

● Consensus ◐ Partial ○ Non-existent

Congregational Prayers & Health

THE AMMAN DECLARATION -Health Promotion: An

Islamic perspective

…the fifth stage of Bracht et al. (1999) model is

dissemination and reassessment…updating community

analysis and profiles, “which involves looking for changes

that might have occurred in leadership, resources, and

organizational relationship..”…In addition several other

channels of communication can be identified within an

Islamic community, which include the Mosque...

Zakat and Health

In comparing the third pillar to what was stated in the Ottawa

Charter (WHO, 1986) it fits … action point of building healthy

public policy:

“Health promotion policy combines diverse but complementary

approaches including legislation, fiscal measures, taxation and

organizational change … Joint action contributes to ensuring safer

and healthier goods and services, healthier public services, and

cleaner, more enjoyable environments” De Leeuw and Hussein

(1999) in illustrating the „Islamic Charter‟ links this action point to

the Islamic concept of Waqf, …

Zakat and Health

… The Ottawa charter action point Strengthen community

action, which states: “Community development draws on

existing human and material resources in the community to

enhance self-help and social support… there is also a link

which as well fits within this Islamic pillar of alms giving.

Sharia and Social Health

• Legislations of communal obligations

• Congregational services

• Zakat and Charity

Keep in Mind









Sawm | Fasting

Fasting

Research into how to slow human wear and tear down has been

focusing on “caloric restrictions” and fasting to successfully

reverse and slow cellular decline. Richard Weindruch Ph.D. and

Roy Walford M.D., have both conducted extensive research

substantiating this claim.

A study performed by JA Mattison, MA Lane, …National

Institute on Aging in Baltimore in 2003 found that caloric

restriction extended lifespan in and reduced the incidence and age

of onset of age-related diseases.

Fasting

Dr. Goldhamer‟s research also found that fasting is particularly effective

and commonly recommended to counter uterine fibroid tumors. … Dr.

Goldhamer has found that a correct fast will often dramatically reduce the size

and effect of these tumors and allow surgery and drug use to be completely

avoided. Similar success has been experienced with ovarian cysts and cervical

dysplasia;

In another study conducted by Dr. Goldhamer, 151 of 154(98%)

consecutive cases of high blood pressure (hypertension) were able to achieve

and maintain normal blood pressure through fasting, without medication…was

not unusual to see a drop in cholesterol of as much as 100 points…

Ramadan: No Harm for Healthy

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;57 Suppl 2:S30-8.

Effects on health of fluid restriction during fasting in Ramadan.

Leiper JB, Molla AM, Molla AM. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Aberdeen

University, UK.

…majority of the studies found significant metabolic changes, but few health

problems from the fast. A reduction in drug compliance was an inherent negative

aspect... Common findings … increased irritability and incidences of headaches

with sleep deprivation and lassitude... small body mass loss is a frequent, but not

universal, outcome of Ramadan... No detrimental effects on health have as yet

been directly attributed to negative water balance at the levels that may be

produced during Ramadan.

No Weight Problems in for Fetus

Arch Dis Child. 1990 Oct;65(10 Spec No):1053-6.

Ramadan and birth weight at full term in Asian Moslem pregnant

women in Birmingham.

Cross JH, Eminson J, Wharton BA.

Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham.

Abstract: The birth weights of 13,351 babies born at full term from

1964-84 to Asian Moslem mothers in Birmingham were analysed ...

Ramadan had no effect on mean birth weight at whatever stage of

pregnancy it occurred … We conclude that the Ramadan fast has no

effect on the birth weights of babies born at full term.

Fasting & Breastfeeding

Clin Sci (Lond). 1984 Mar; 66(3):291-8.

The effect of water abstention on milk synthesis in lactating women.

Prentice AM, Lamb WH, Prentice A, Coward WA.

Abstract: … ten lactating Gambian women who were fasting during Ramadan…

Fasting consisted of total water abstention from 05.00 hours to 19.30 hours and was

accompanied by high insensible water losses. … Plasma indices of dehydration ..

showed a greater rise in the lactating women than in the control over the period of

fasting. However, the 19.00 hours values remained in the normal range obtained on

non-Ramadan days. … The lactating women appeared to have adapted by

superhydrating themselves overnight … Fasting caused changes in milk osmolality,

lactose, sodium and potassium concentrations indicative of a marked disturbance of

milk synthesis.

Fasting & Type 2 Diabetes

Int J Clin Pract. 2010 Apr 30.

Maintenance of glycaemic control with the evening long acting

sulphonylurea in male type 2 diabetic patients undertaking the

Ramadan fast.

Zargar AH, Siraj M, … Dept. of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir

Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, India.

Abstract … Conclusion: Male type 2 diabetic patients

undertaking the Ramadan fast can safely maintain glycaemic

control with evening administration of gliclazide...

Fasting & Sports Endurance

Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):516-21.Effects of Ramadan fasting on 60 min of endurance running performance in moderately trained men.Aziz AR, …Performance Services Dept., Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore.

The Messenger of Allah said,

فر " وم ف الس س من البر الص ."ل

“It is not righteousness to fast

whilst travelling.” [Ag - Jabir]

Yet, he fasted along with some

other companions.

Abstract:...The 60 min continuous endurance running criteria test consisted of …

Subjects ran significantly further during the 30 min TT run in the CON compared to

RAM … Physiological responses during the 30 min TT run (heart rate, blood

lactate…) were, however, not significantly different … There were also no

significant differences in the subjects' daytime sleepiness or mood profile …

CONCLUSION: Ramadan fasting has a small yet significant negative impact on

endurance running performance, although the impact varies across individuals.

Fasting & Sports Endurance

Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):490-4. Epub 2010 May 19.

The effects of fasting on metabolism and performance.

Maughan RJ, Fallah J, Coyle EF. School of Sports and Exercise and

Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK.

Abstract: … limited evidence suggests effects of Ramadan-style

fasting on exercise performance are generally small… subjective

sensations of fatigue may be the result of loss of sleep or disruption

of normal sleep patterns. Modifications to competition timetable

may minimize or even eliminate any effect on performance, but

there may be negative effects in some events.

Fasting & Blood Lipids

Ann Nutr Metab 1997; 41: 242-249.

Fasting during Ramadan induces a marked increase in high- density

lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Aldouni A, Ghalim N, Benslimane A, Lecerf JM, Saile R.

Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5):640-2.

Marked increase in plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol after

prolonged fasting during Ramadan.

Maislos M, Khamaysi N… Dept. of Medicine, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-

Gurion U. Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva.

Abstract: … There was a striking nonpharmacologic improvement in plasma

HDL-C and ratios of TC to HDL-C and LDL-C to HDL-C,…

Fasting & Lipids & Weight

Body weight loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric

diets during Ramadan fasting.

Hallak MH, Nomani MZ.

Division of Family Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6124.

…By end of Ramadan, body weight, blood TGs, and high-density lipoprotein

cholesterol had decreased significantly, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had

increased, and total cholesterol had not changed … findings contribute to better

understanding of contrasting results reported … and may be useful in regulating

blood lipids through Ramadan.

Fasting & Lipids & Weight

Br J Nutr. 1987 Jul;58(1):41-8.

Effects of fasting in Ramadan on tropical Asiatic Moslems.

Husain R, Duncan MT, Cheah SH, Ch'ng SL.

Abstract: … Both male and female subjects experienced a decrease in body mass

with the reduction in energy intake during fasting…Among the subjects examined,

the Ramadan regimen did not result in changes in the pattern of fluid exchange.

Normalizing Blood Pressure

J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001 Jun;24(5):335-9.Medically supervised water-only fasting in the treatment of hypertension.Goldhamer A, Lisle D, Parpia B, Anderson SV, Campbell TC.Center for Conservative Therapy, Penngrove, Calif, USA. Abstract … CONCLUSION: Medically supervised water-only fasting appears to be a safe and effective means of normalizing blood pressure and may assist in motivating health-promoting diet and lifestyle changes.

Even Hajj

Hajj and Health

Amman Declaration - Health Promotion: An Islamic Perspective

… spiritual journey encourages Muslims to share experiences

and knowledge... Its link to health, at the indirect point on

Islamic health continuum, can be said to be the psychodynamics

of rituals, beliefs and prayers which play a big role in building up

of an individual‟s „sense of coherence‟ through salutogenic

mechanism as described by Levin (1996..) but also through

reinforcing factors in the sharing of knowledge, beliefs and

values…strengthening their positive attitudes

Interactions








certainty, and deepen your love for the one who blessed you

with this guidance, and the one who conveyed it all.

Financial

Gambling | Gharar

J Psychiatr Res. 2010 Jul 16.

DSM-based problem gambling: Increasing the odds of heavy

drinking in a national sample of U.S. college athletes?

Huang JH, Jacobs DF, Derevensky JL. College of Public Health,

National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Abstract:... This study aimed to empirically examine the prevalence

patterns and odds of at-least-weekly alcohol use and heavy episodic

drinking (HED) … Multivariate results indicated that all levels of

gambling were associated with significantly elevated risk of at-least-

weekly HED…

Gender & Family

Not to Point F ingers , but to Show Concern for our Human Race!

ول تقربوا الزنى إناو كان ف احشة وساء

سبيل Nor come near

to fornication:

for it is a shameful

(deed) and an evil, opening the road (to other evils).

(Al-Isra,17:34)

Lowest Prevalence in Muslim World

Emotional Health

• Love is not limited to love of a member of the other gender!

Love of Members of Other GenderNot Condemned – Only Regulated!

ومن آي اتو أن خلق لكم من أنفسكم أزواجا لتسكنوا إلييا وجعل بينكم ماوداة ورحمة إنا في ذلك لي ات لقوم يتفكارون

And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell

in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that

are Signs for those who reflect.

(Ar-Room,30:21)

Emotional Burden of Casual Sex

ق ل ل لمؤمنين يغضوا من أبصارىم ”ويحفظوا فروجيم ذلك أزكى “.ليم إنا اللاو خبير بما يصنعون

”Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and

guard their modesty.”

Deviation from Fitrah

Family in Islam: Treatment of the Problems of Old Age

ا ست ١ا " ا و ب اسد ل س ح د اش ي ا جاح از اخفغ

."طغ١شا

“And lower to them the wing of humility out of

mercy and say, My Lord, have mercy upon them as

they raised me when I was small." [Sahih International:

Israa‟ 17:24]

Family in Islam: Treatment of the Problems of Old Age

تعذ لاا عثذ " ا ذعثذ خ ر لاي ث١ شذاء ر دؼش ٠عمب ا ور أ ه

غ ذ ادذا ا عذاق اع١ ع ١ ."آتائه تشا

“Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob, when he said to

his sons, What will you worship after me? They said, We will worship

your God and the God of your fathers, Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac

- one God. And we are in submission to Him." [al-Baqarah 2:133]

The Prophet said,

" ضح األ خاح ت "ا

“The maternal aunt is like the mother.” [al-Bukhari from al-Baraa‟ ibn „Azib]

Punishments

Qisas

Allah said,

" ذر م ثاب ع ى مظاص د١اج ٠ا أ األ ف ا ى ".

“And there is for you in legal retribution [saving

of] life, O you [people] of understanding, that

you may become righteous.”

[Sahih International: 2:179]

Qisas and Hudood for Deterrence, not Simply Punishment

Punishment for Drinking and fornication but not

eating pork, gambling and usury.

Deterrence Theory:

Crime can ultimately be prevented through

altering the cost benefit ratios of such behavior.

Qisas and Hudood for Deterrence, not Simply Punishment

Putting severity of punishment back in deterrence package

Policy Studies Journal| December 22, 2001 | Mendes, Silvia

M.; McDonald, Michael D. Policy Studies Organization.

We find, in literature and our own empirical analysis, that

once punishment is correctly accounted for in a model, the

severity of punishment has a significant negative effect on

crime and does indeed matter as deterrence theory tells us.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC):

Saudi Arabia:

…no significant drug production reported for the country…

…no significant transit trafficking …

Under Saudi Islamic Legal Code, drug trafficking is a capital

crime and enforced on Saudis and non Saudis alike. There

appears to be a decline in executions in the past years.

Nevertheless, this issue features regularly in reports of human

rights organizations.

Rape Statistics -NationMonster.com:

# 1 United States: 95,136

# 2 South Africa: 52,425

# 3 Canada: 24,350

# 69 Estonia: 73

# 70 Seychelles: 64

# 71 Saudi Arabia: 59

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/us-united-states/cri-crime

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/sf-south-africa/cri-crime

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/ca-canada/cri-crime

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/en-estonia/cri-crime

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/se-seychelles/cri-crime

http://www.nationmaster.com/country/sa-saudi-arabia/cri-crime

Everybody Enjoys Security

UK: Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Crime

The crime rate is low and is not usually a problem for

travellers in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia

Still current at: 23 July 2010

Updated: 20 July 2010

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office

Customs and Character


Keep in Mind









Better for the Sabireen

Allah said,

ابرين " ر للص "وإن عاق بتم ف عاقبوا بثل ما عوقبتم به ولئن صب رت لو خي “And if you punish, punish with an equivalent of that with which you were

harmed. But if you are patient - it is better for those who are patient.” [Sahih

International: an-Nahl, 16:126]

ب " راء والكاظمني الغيظ والعافني عن الناس والله ي راء والض الذين ينفقون ف الس"المحسنني

“Who spend [in the cause of Allah ] during ease and hardship and who

restrain anger and who pardon the people - and Allah loves the doers of

good” [Sahih International: Aal Imran, 3:134]

Forgiveness

J Religion and Health. 2010 Feb 24.

Forgiveness Therapy: A Clinical Intervention for Chronic Disease.

Elliott BA. Dept. of Family Med., U. of Minnesota Medical School, USA

Abstract: … chronic conditions, including addictions, obesity, mental health, COPD and

cirrhosis… with social and interpersonal etiologies… research investigating forgiveness

interventions…, which may have enormous personal and public health impact.

Psychol Health. 2009 Jan;24(1):11-27.

The effects of a forgiveness intervention on patients with coronary artery disease.

Waltman MA, Russell DC, …Dept. of Education Psychology, U. of Wisconsin, USA.

Abstract: … Patients assigned to the forgiveness group showed significantly fewer anger-

recall induced myocardial perfusion defects … as well as significantly greater gains …

Eating

Eat Little ل ٠ذة ل ذغشفا اششتا وا غجذ عذ و خزا ص٠رى ٠ا ت آد

غشف١ ا

O children of Adam, take your adornment at every masjid, and

eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed, He likes not those

who commit excess. [Sahih International: Al-A‟raf 7:31]

: "لاي ث فإ ط أولخ ٠م آد تذغة ات تط ا عاء شش ل آد ا ثث فغ ثث ششات ذاح فثث طعا ل .طذ١خ ارشز" وا

The Prophet said: “Man does not fill any vessel worse than

his stomach. It is sufficient for the son of Adam to eat a few

mouthfuls, to sustain him. But, if he must do that (fill his

stomach), then let one third be for food, one third for drink and

one third for air.” [Saheeh al-Tirmidhi from al-Miqdam ibn

Ma‟deekarib.]

Calorie Restriction a Possible Antidote to Aging and Disease

University of Wisconsin School of Medicineand Public Health

(SMPH) anti-aging researcher Richard Weindruch, PhD,

published a major paper in Science showing monkeys on calorie-

restricted diet were looking so good.

Clive McCay, PhD, of Cornell U., found laboratory rats kept on a

severely reduced-calorie diet lived almost twice as long as

expected, as long as they had proper nutrients.

Canto, 27, at left, is on a calorie-restricted diet,

while Owen, 29, eats whatever he wants.

Calorie Restriction a Possible Antidote to Aging and Disease

Eat Wholesome

١طا اخ اش ل ذر ثعا خط ا ف األسع دلل ؽ١ثا ٠ا أ٠ا ا اط وا

ث١ عذ ى

O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth [that is] lawful

and good and do not follow the footsteps of Satan.

Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy. [Sahih International:

Al-Baqarah 2:168]

Praised in Quran and Sunnah:

•Olives and Olive Oil

•Honey

•Pomegranates

•Habbat al-Barakah Black Seed (Nigella Sativa)

The Slaughtering of the Animal

سداء سػ ؟ ع لاي أت اذ : "ع ح سعي ؟ جث ا أو ع

ا ر ذظثش تا ث .طذ١خ اجاع".

Al-Tirmidhi reported from Abu‟l-Darda‟ that the

Messenger of Allah forbade eating al-mujaththamah,

which is the animal that has been [tied and] shot to death

with arrows. [T - Saheeh al-Jaami‟].

The Fodder Given to the Animals

سا أدذ أت داد " ع أو اجلح أثاا اث : "ات عش

" . . .اإلساء"طذذ األثا ف . ارشز لاي دغ غش٠ة

At-Tirmidhi & Abu Dawood reported from Ibn Omar

that the Prophet forbade eating the filth eating animals,

and drinking their milk.”

Filth eating animals and feeding corpses to livestock: the

ruling that makes prohibited eating filth eating animals

and feeding corpses to animals is the stronger opinion.

Mad Cow?

www.wikepedia.com: Cattle are normally herbivores. In nature, cattle eat grass. In modern industrial cattle-farming, feeds may contain ingredients including antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, fertilizers, and protein supplements. The use of meat and bone meal, from the ground and cooked left-overs of the slaughtering process as well as from the cadavers of sick and injured animals, as a protein supplement in cattle feed was widespread in Europe prior to 1987.

How do cattle develop BSE (Mad Cow)?www.MayoClinic.com: The most likely explanation is that cattle developed the disease from eating feed containing the ground-up parts of infected animals. That's why most countries now ban the use of mammalian protein in feed intended for cows …

Prohibition of All Harm

The Prophet said,

." ضرر و ضرار"

“There should be no harm or reciprocation

of harm.” [Ahmad from Ibn Abbas, and it is sound].

Prohibition of All Harm - Smoking

AMMAN DECLARATION - Health Promotion: An Islamic

perspective

…WHO EMRO (2000) compiled empirical data on the impact

of smoking on health. They then presented this information to

Muslim Scholars who analyzed the information,…and came to

the conclusion that smoking is harmful and … declared it

Haram (forbidden). This replaced a former ruling that was

made at the time when smoking impact on health was not fully

considered, which stated smoking as disliked.

Alcohol!

50% of Highway Fatalities!

Homicide, Suicide, Family

breakdown, Child abuse,

Homelessness, Liver cirrhosis

and failure, Mental disorders,

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome…etc.

completely avoid = 0%

ي ا أييا الاذين آمنوا إناما الخمر والميسر والنصاب والزلم رجس من عمل الشايطان ف اجتنبوه

لعلاكم تف لحون

O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of)

stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination,- of Satan's handwork: completely avoid such (abomination), that

ye may prosper.

(Al-Maeda, 5:90)

Eat Proportionately

Ibn mas'ood reported from the Prophet that he said:

ف سا٠ح " ذش أ و اشجش شفاء و داء ع١ى تأثا اثمش فإا"

ع١ى تأثا اثمش فإا داء أعاا شفاء ٠او : "اطثشا ف اىث١ش

". ذا فإا داء

"I prescribe for you cow's milk, for they eat of all trees, and

those have cure from all diseases. And in a different report by

at-Tabarani, the Prophet said: "and stay away from cow's meet

for it is [a cause of] disease.“ [Saheeh al-Jame' 4061]

Eat Mindfully

أ أ ٠ششب اشج " ع أظ لرادج سػ ؟ ع ع اث

"ران أشش أخثث: فما فاألو فماي: لاي لرادج" لائا

Muslim reported from Anas and Qatadah that the

Prophet forbade anyone from drinking while standing.

Qatadah said, we said, what about eating? And he

replied, that is worse and more harmful.”

Putting an End to Mindless Munching

By MELINDA BECK - Durham, N.C.

The Wall Street Journal, page D1

First, ask yourself how hungry you are… take time to appreciate the

food …," says Sasha Loring, a psychotherapist at Duke Integrative

Medicine, part of Duke U. … and stopping just before you're full,

ideally about 5½ on that 7-point scale… it takes discipline and

practice. It's a far cry from the mindless way many of us eat while

walking, working or watching TV...

Sleep Guidance

Perfect Sleep Rx

Abu Barzah al-Aslami said,

"وا ٠غرذة أ ٠ؤخش اعشاء وا ٠ىش ا لثا اذذ٠ث تعذا أ اث "

“that the Prophet liked to delay „Isha, and disliked to sleep before it or talk after it.” [al-

Bukhari from Abi Barzah al-Aslami]

The Prophet said:

أدة اظلج ؟ طلج داد ع١ اغل أدة اظ١ا ؟ ط١ا داد وا ٠ا ظف ا١ ٠م ثث ٠ا "

".عذع ٠ظ ٠ا ٠فطش ٠ا

“The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawood (peace be upon him) and the

most beloved of fasting to Allah is Dawood’s. He used to sleep half the night, pray one-third,

and sleep one-sixth, and fast one day and not the next.” [Agreed upon from Ibn ‘Amr]

Anas reported that the Prophet said:

"قلوا فإن الشاطن تءا"

“Take a mid-day nap, for devils do not.” [al-Tabarani; Al-Saheehah]

Dai ly Rout ine & Phys ica l Hea lth

Benefits of:

Waking up for Fajr*,

Fasting,

Having a “traditional family.”

• "Staying Up to Beat the Blues." WebMD; Yang, Sarah.

• "Are you Sleeping Enough – Or Too Much?“WebMD; DeNoon, Daniel. Reporting a six-year study of more than a million Americans by Daniel F. Kripke, MD

Benjamin Franklin’s “Early Rising: A Natural, Social and Religious Duty”

Sleep Stages and Brain Activ ity

Deep sleep… Blood flow decreases to the brain, redirects towards muscles, restoring physical

energy…immune functions increase...

REM (Dream Sleep) – At about 70 to 90 minutes into sleep, …three to five episodes per

night… associated with processing emotions, retaining memories and relieving

stress...Breathing rapid, heart rate increases, BP rises...

Scientific American:

Stage 1 (Drowsiness) - lasts

five or ten minutes. Eyes

move slowly, muscle activity

slows down, easily

awakened.

Stage 2 (Light Sleep) - Eye

movements stop, heart slows,

temperature decreases.

Stages 3 & 4 (Deep Sleep) -

difficult to awaken, and if

awakened…, groggy and

disoriented for several

minutes.

NIH News Release -Power Nap Prevents

Burnout

Evidence is mounting sleep - even a nap - enhances information processing and learning. New

experiments by NIMH grantee Alan Hobson, M.D., Robert Stickgold, Ph.D., and colleagues at

Harvard U. show a midday snooze reverses information overload and a 20 percent overnight

improvement in learning a motor skill is largely traceable to a late stage of sleep some early

risers might be missing… longer 1-hour naps contained more than four times deep, or slow

wave sleep and (REM) sleep than half-hour naps…Previous studies by the group traced

overnight memory consolidation … to amounts of slow wave sleep in first quarter of the night

and to REM sleep in the last quarter. Since a nap hardly allows enough time for the latter early

morning REM sleep effect to develop, a slow wave sleep (SWS) effect appears to be the

antidote to burnout… improved performance was directly proportional to the amount of stage 2

NREM sleep they got in the fourth quarter of the night…

Now, Medicines!

Keep in Mind









An Ounce of Prevention!

Besides all we mentioned, anticipatory guidance was

always present in his guidance :

The Messenger of God said:

." ج اسرالأطفئىا "•

•"When you go to sleep, extinguish your lamps. “

."خوروا اآلنية"و•

•"Cover the vessels.“ [Agreed upon from Jabir]

Principles of Treatment

There Is Cure for All Diseases

Usamah ibn Shareek said: „The Bedouins said, “O

Messenger of Allah, should we seek treatments?” He said:

٠ا سعي : ذذاا فإ ؟ ٠ؼع داء ل ػع شفاء ل داء ادذ لاا"

" اش: ؟ ا لاي

“Seek treatments, for Allah has not created an ailment

except He created its cure, except for one.” They said,

“O Messenger of Allah, what is it?” He said: “Aging.”‟”

[al-Tirmidhi, who said: saheeh hasan.]

Defer Surgery

Ibn „Abbas said that the Prophet said:

" ى ا ر ع أ أا أ و١ ح تاس أ ششتح عغ أ ذج فاء ف ثلثح ف ششؽح "اش

“Healing is to be found in three things: the instrument of the cupper, drinking

honey and cauterization with fire, but I forbid my ummah to use

cauterization.” [al-Bukhaari]

Jabir said: I heard the Prophet say:

شش " أ ذج خ١ش فف ششؽح ٠رى أد ء ف ش ٠ى أ ٠رى أد ء ف ش وا ت أ ح عغ

أور ا أدة أ اء افك اذ "زعح تاس ذ

“If there is anything good in your medicine it is in the instrument of the cupper

or drinking honey or cauterizing with fire that suits the ailment, but I would not

like to be cauterized.” [Agreed upon]

Jabir said:

" ا سعي ؟ فى األدضاب ع أوذ ٠ أت "س

“Ubayy was struck by an arrow in his medial arm vein on the day of al-Ahzaab,

and the Messenger of Allah cauterized it. [Muslim]

Islamic Position Re Contagiousness

The Prophet said,

ح ؽ١ثح " فأي لاي و ا ا فأي لاا ٠عجث ا ل ؽ١شج ."ل عذ

“There is no „adwa (contagion) and no tiyarah (bird omens), but I like good omens.” They

said: What is a good omen?” He said: “A good word.” [Ag from Anas]

The hadeeth doesn't negate communicability of diseases, because he also said,

وا ذفش األعذ " جز فش ا ل طفش ح ل ا ل ؽ١شج ."ل عذ

“There is no „adwaa [contagion], no tiyarah [bird omens], no haamah [venomous creature,

worm or owl calling for revenge], and no Safar [regarded as unlucky month], and flee

from the leper as you would flee from a lion. [B from Abu Hurairah]

For sure owls and venomous creatures exist, as well as the month of Safar, but the

prophet condemned beliefs attached to them at the time.

Contagion

We become more certain of that when we see the Messenger say,

ظخ " شع ع ."ل ٠سد

“Do not have the owner of sick camels bring them onto the herd

of one whose camels are well”[Ag from Abu Hurairah]

Causes lead to results but the ultimate effector is Allah alone. That

is why the Prophet said to the bedouin,

"ف أعذ األي"

"Who then infected the first one?"

Contagion

One who believes that contagion spreads with its own power, will not have

reliance and will have excessive fear.

One who knows disease is under the ultimate control of Allah will not hesitate

to do what is necessary for the patients after taking appropriate precautions.

The Prophet struck a perfect example for us in this regard, so while he was

the one who said,

وا ذفش األعذ " جز فش ا ".

“Flee from the leper as you would flee from a lion.” [B from Abu Hurairah]

He was the one who ate with the leper and took him by the hand and said, “Eat,

with certainty in Allah and reliance on him” [T from Jabir]

Modern Quarantine

تاء " ا فا جاء عشغ تغ أ ا ش خشج اش ع ش ت ست١عح أ ت عا ع عثذ ؟

ط ؟ ع١ ع لاي را سعي ؟ ف أ فأخثش عثذ اشد ت ع ا لع تاش لذ

تا فل ذخشجا فشاسا ر أ لع تأسع ا ع١ را تأسع فل ذمذ ت عر )ق." (ع

Reported al-Bukhari and Muslim that when Omar approached and

reached a place called "Sargh", news came to him that a plague took

place in ash-Sham and Abul Rahman ibn 'Awf said to him that the

Messenger of Allah said, "When you hear about its occurrence

in a land, don't go to it, and when it happens in a land, don't

flee it out of fear from it."

Learning & Liability

Islam pioneering the liability of physicians, and

setting standards:

The Messenger of Allah said,

" ذطثة ٠ع ؽة ف ػا"

“He who practices medicine without being known

for that, shall be liable.” [Abu Dawood from „Amr ibn Shu‟aib] [i]

Now, Medicines!


ث ا طة ا ف ١ف رظ ا خ س٠ ا ذ

History of the Disc ip l ine of at -T ibb an-Nabawi

• Abu Bakr ibn as-Sunni (D: 364 H) -"Medicine in Hadeeth"

• Abu 'Ubaid ibn al-Harrani (D: 369 H) - "Al-Tibb an-Nabawi" (Prophetic Medicine.)

• Abu Nu'aim al-Asbahani (D: 430 H)

• Muwaffaq ad-Deen Abdullateef al-Baghdadi (D: 629 H)

• 'Alaa ad-Deen al-Kahhaal (D: 720 H)

• Adh-Dhahabi (D: 748 H) Mentioned ideas and terminology from the Greek-based system.

• Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti, who died in 1505 (911 H) (took out references to Greek medicine.)

اطة ) "ـ364(أت تىش ت اغ •" ف اذذ٠ث

) ـ430(أت ع١ األطثا •

) ـ432(أت اعثاط اغرغفش •

) ـ406(أت اماع ا١غاتس •

فك اذ٠ عثذ اط١ف اثغذاد •)ـ 629(

)ـ 720(علء اذ٠ اىذاي •

) ـ748(ازث •

) ـ751(ات ل١ اجص٠ح •

) ـ902(اغخا •

) ـ911(اغ١ؽ •

Prophetic Medicine ( At - T i b b a n - N a b a w i ) !

• There is no medical Genre under the category of Prophetic Medicine. There is Prophetic guidance related to health and sickness, which is sometimes specific, but mostly general advice addressing the approach to health and disease and providing guidance to a healthy lifestyle.

ؽة اشعي •

)ط ؟ ع١ ع(

١ظ فشعا

ع اشش٠عح

ا ؽث١ا ١ظ ع

رىال ٠ث ع

ظش٠اخ غرمح

ع اظذح

. اشع

Al-Talbeenah (Boiled Barley)

„Aishah reported that the Prophet said:

".ارث١ح جح فؤاد اش٠غ ذزة تثعغ اذض"

"Al-Talbeenah (boiled barley +/- honey) is relieving for

the heart of patients, and takes away some sadness."

And he said,

"ا ذغغ تط أدذو وا ذغغ دذاو جا اعخاز فغ ت١ذ "

“It cleanses your stomachs like you cleanse your faces

from dirt.”

Ingredients

Barley, cooked1.00 cup200.00 grams270.00 calories

Nutrient AmountDV(%)

NutrientDensity

World's HealthiestFoods Rating

dietary fiber 13.60 g 54.4 3.6 very good

selenium 36.40 mcg 52.0 3.5 very good

tryptophan 0.12 g 37.5 2.5 good

copper 0.64 mg 32.0 2.1 good

manganese 0.62 mg 31.0 2.1 good

phosphorus 230.00 mg 23.0 1.5 good

Superior to Barley drinks because it is ground barley consumed.

Sharia’s Impact on Musl im Progress in Sciences Including Medicine


شعي ا ح ف ظ١

The Role of the Messenger

The Prophet said,

“You know better about

the affairs of your world.”

(M – Anas & Aishah)

: لاي سعي ؟

أر أع تأش "

)." (د١او


رعاسع ا ح اعرذا

No Confl ict

• We must have certainty in the infallibility and miracle of

the Quran and authentic Sunnah. They are the

revelations of the creator, so His universal signs and

revealed word will never contradict one another, but

corroborate each other.

• Unsurprisingly, the advancement of medical sciences

did not bring forth anything that contradicts a clear

authentic text or established consensus.

٠جة

تعظح اىراب اإل٠ا

طذ١خ اغح و

خطأ تإعجاصا

ل عجة ف ره

فا اد اضي

خاك اى ذعا

اػع اع فض

ره أ آ٠اذ

اى١ح اششع١ح ل

ذرعاسع ذرالغ

.ت ذرعاػذ ذرافك

Liberation of the Human Mind

Sharia Values the Human Intel lect

نص محكم صحيح 1.

أو إجماع ثابت صريح 2.

أو بدائو العق ل 3.

وأوائل الحس 4.

1. An un-abrogated authentic revelation.

2. A clear confirmed consensus.

3. The mental axioms.

4. The things perceptible by the senses.

In fact, there are four things a good Muslim may never defy:

He Taught Us to Learn, So We Learned, and We Became the

Forerunners … We Will Always Be Indebted to Him!

NO MORE DECEIT

In his outspoken book The Intellectual

Development of Europe, John William Draper

says:

"I have to deplore the systematic manner in

which the literature of Europe has contrived

to put out of sight our scientific obligations to

the Mohammedans. Surely they cannot be

much longer hidden. Injustice founded on

religious rancor and national conceit cannot

be perpetuated forever.”

THE TRUTH

In The Making of Humanity Robert Briffault

says:

“Science is the most momentous contribution

of Arab civilization to the modern world.

The debt of our science to that of the Arabs does not

consist of startling discoveries or revolutionary theories;

science owes a great deal more to the Arabs; its own

existence…

WHY IS IT SO

“…Observation and experiment are the two sources of

scientific knowledge…

Greek method of acquiring scientific knowledge was mainly

speculative; hence science could make little headway…

Neither Roger Bacon nor his later namesake has any title to be credited

with having introduced the experimental method…Roger Bacon was no

more than one of the apostles of Muslim science and method to Christian

Europe; and he never wearied of declaring that knowledge of Arabic &

Arabic science was for his contemporaries the only way to true knowledge.”

SCIENCES CREATED BY MUSLIMS

“Modern Trigonometry, as well

as Algebra and Geometry are in

considerable measure Arab

creations.” [Muslims, Arabs and

non-Arabs, wrote in Arabic]

The Columbia History of the World First Edition pp 287

MEDICINE

In the words of Dr. William

Osler,* the Qanun has

remained "a medical bible

in Europe for a longer

time than any other work ."

* One of the founders and second president of the Medical Library Association.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE CANON

• Influence of dietetics, climate and

environment on health

• Surgical use of oral anesthetics.

• Advised to treat cancer in earliest stages,

ensuring removal of all diseased tissue.

• Recognizes contagious nature of phthisis

(tuberculosis of the lung) and spread of

disease by water and soil.

• Noted the close relationship between

emotions and physical condition

هنهج التنبول

Approach Strategy


We Need لى نحتاج إ

Confirmed Scientific Fact

حققة علمة ثابتة

Clear Link

رابط واضح

.السببة والحتمة، الخ

Perspicuous

Authentic Report

نص محكم صحح


ثبوت النص

Authenticity of Reports

• No room for using weak evidence in discourse with others – OR accept from them to use it against you.

ميان لالحت اج •

االضاا على

الغر كو ترضى

.كن حتج علك اه


تأول ل اAllegorical Interpretation

• Conditions of Ta’weel

• Types of Words

• Types of Implications

شروط التأوا•

كنواع األلفاظ •

الد ا•

Clear

Zahir(manifest)

Nass (Explicit)

Mufassar(Unequivocal)

Muhkam(perspicuous)

Unclear

Khafi(Obscure)

Mushkil(Difficult)

Mujmal(ambivalent)

Mutashabih(Intricate)

لوضوح ا فاظ من حث ألل ا م تقس

Classif ication of Clarity

Increasing Clarity

Increasing Ambiguity

Courtesy of SAA student, Salahuddeen As-Seeni

Mutashabih Mujmal Mushkil Khafi Zahir Nass Mufassar Muhkam

Unclear

Clear

Clear Explanation

from the Sunnah

Insufficient Explanation

from the Lawgiver

لوضوح ا فاظ من حث ألل ا م تقس

Classif ication of Clarity


Conveys a Clear Meaning

HasContextual Harmony

Open to ta’wil Not Open to Abrogation

Zahir(Manifest)

Nass(Explicit)

Mufassar(Unequivocal)

Muhkam(Perspicuous)

الدالالتImplications

Increasing Clarity



لعلم ا لمنهج اScientific Method

• Logical reasoning and abstraction.

• Experimental Method.

• Historical Method.

فه سار: المنهج ا ستد ل كو الراض -

من مادك إلى قضاا تنتج عنه االضرورة،

.وهو منهج الالو الراضة

اتمد الت راة طثااا :المنهج الت را -

وهو بحة فرضة اانها كو خطئها،

.الالو الطااةالاحث ف منهج

عن لماض تحلا ا :المنهج ا ستردادي -

ما تريه من آثار، وستخد ف طرق

.الالو التارخة واألخالقة

.19-18ص 1977وكالة المطبوعات : مناهج البحث العلم، الكوت: عبد الرحمن بدوي


والسببة والحتمة لربط ا

Causality and Reproducibil ity


نحتاج إلىWe Need

إخالص

Sincerity



همم

High Aspiration



صبر

Patience



هؤسسبت لضبظ

وتحسين البحىث

Institutions for Better Performance


Blessings and Peace Be on the Prophet, Our Guide, Allah’s Most

Beloved, and His Family and Companions.

sharia & health huda

Documents