sneha capstone

8/3/2019 Sneha Capstone

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Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System

CAPSTONE PROJECT -1 REPORT

ON

AUTOMATIC MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING SYSTEM

(DOMAIN-4)Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelors of Technology

in

Electronics & Communication Engineering (HONs.)

Under the guidance Submitted by:

Name: Mr. Bharat Sanklecha Sneha Kusuma

Reg no. 10812690


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Certificate

This is to Certify that Sneha Kusuma bearing registration no. 10812690 has

completed capstone project - I titled Automatic Multilevel Car Parking System

under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge the present

work is the result of her original investigation and study. No part of the

dissertation has ever been submitted for any other degree at any university.

The dissertation is fit for submission and the partial fulfillment of the conditionfor the award of bachelors degree of Electronics and Communication Engineering

(Hons.) .

Signature and the name of the research supervisor

Mr. Bharat Sanklecha

Designation

School

Lovely professional university

Phagwara, punjab


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Acknowledgement

I take immense pleasure in thanking Mr. Mayank Gupta (HOD) Domain 4,

and Mr. Dushyant Kumar (project coordinator) for having permitted me to

Carry out this project work.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Internal Guide,

Mr. Bharat Sanklecha for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped

me in completing the project work, in time.

Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to the Head of the Project and

Project Assisatants, SMS and VSK Associates for their encouragement and

cooperation in carrying out the project work.

Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my

beloved parents for their blessings, my friends/classmates for their help and

wishes for the successful completion of this project.

Sneha Kusuma


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Abstract

This project is a small replica of a real time automatic multilevel car parking

system based on PLC technology. This system consists of three floors. Ground

floor consists ofentrance and exit areas and 1st

, 2nd

floor consists of a lift area and

five slots for the car parking.

We would be using 8051 microcontroller for the controlling process. The

system would also contain sensors such as IR sensor and LDR sensor. The parking

and the retrieving of the cars is done by using SMS service via. Serial

communication.

The process goes like a single car at a time is placed in the lift, lift moves to the

1st

floor if any empty slot is found the car is placed there, if no empty slot then the

lift moves to the 2nd

floor. If there is no slots a sentence is displayed on the LCD

that the PARKING IS FULL.

In case of retrieval a code is sent to the controller using serial communication

and the controller matches the code with the slot code if the code matches then

the car is retrieved.


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Table of contents

1. Introduction.2. Block diagram3. Block Diagram Description4. Main Part or Features of the project.5. Circuit diagrams or Layout.6. Hardware description

Ground level1. Lcd section2. Serial communication section3. Lift section4. Sensor section5. Roller section

First level1. Horizontal section2. Slot section3. Sensor section

Second level1. Horizontal section2. Slot section3. Sensor section

7. Algorithm8. The original programming code for the project9. Future scope and applications10.Reference and data sheets11.Bibliography


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Introduction

Automatic multistoried car parking system helps to minimize the car parking

area. In the modern world, where parking-space has become a very big problemand in the era of miniaturization, it is become a very crucial necessity to avoid the

wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. In places where

more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in reducing

wastage of space.

This Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after

floor and thus reducing the space used. Here any number of cars can be parked

according to the requirement. These makes the systems modernized and even aspace-saving one. This idea is developed using 8051 Microcontroller. Here

program is written according to this idea using 8051.

Its basically a mechanical device that multiplies parking capacity inside a

building or a parking lot. Parking systems are generally powered by electric

motors or hydraulic pumps that move vehicles into a storage position. Automated

car parking systems are likely to be more cost effective when compared to

traditional parking garages.

Automatic multi-story automated car park systems are less expensive per

parking slot, since they tend to require less building volume and less ground area

than a conventional facility with the same capacity. Both automated car parking

systems and automated parking garage systems reduce pollutioncars are not

running or circling around while drivers look for parking spaces.


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Block Diagram

Ground level

Port c port a&b

Figure 1: block diagram for the ground level

Microcontroller

P3 P1

P0P2

RS 232 MAX 232 ULN 2003A

STEPPER MOTOR

8255 A

ULN 2003A LCD

74LS373

STEPPER MOTOR

SENSOR

Power supply


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First level and Second level

P1 P0

P0

P2

Figure 2: block diagram of the first level and second level

MICROCONTROLLER

2 STEPPER MOTORS

74LS373

8255

Sensors ( IR SENSOR, LDR

SENSOR , LED)

Port A (1 STEPPER MOTOR),

Port B (1 STEPPER MOTOR),

Port C (1 STEPPER MOTOR)

Power supply

2 ULN 2003A

IC (line driver)


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Block Diagram Description

This project consists of three different 8051 microcontroller, each for each

different floor; these would be synchronized using the sensors in the differentfloors placed distinctly.

GROUND FLOOR

PORT 0: To thois port 8255A (PPI) is interfaced using 74LS373 address decoder IC,

7404( NOT gate), 7430(8-input NAND gate) and to the 2 ports of the 8255 Port A

and Port B one LCD is connected and to the Port C one stepper motor is

connected using the line driver IC ULN 2003A. From the Port 3 of the 8051

microcontroller RD (bar) and WR (bar) are used for the read and write signals to

the 8255A IC.

74LS373:consists of eight latches with 3-state output for bus organized system

applications. The flip-flops appear transparent to the data (data changes

asynchronously) when latch enable (LE) is HIGH. When LE is LOW, the data that

meets the setup times is latched. Data appears on the bus when the output

enable (OE) is LPW. When OE is HIGH the bus output is in the high impedance

state.

Reference 1: see figure 4 in references and datasheet

7404(NOT gate): The 7404 IC package contains six independent positive logic

NOT GATES (INVERTERS). Pins 14 and 7 provide power for all six logic gates.

Reference 2: see to figure 5 in references and datasheet

7430 (8 input NAND gate):



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8255A: The Intel 8255 (or i8255) Programmable Peripheral Interface chip is a

peripheral chip originally developed for the Intel 8085 microprocessor, and as

such is a member of a large array of such chips, known as the MCS-85 Family. This

chip was later also used with the Intel 8086 and its descendants. It was later made

(cloned) by many other manufacturers. It is made in DIP 40 and PLCC 44 pins

encapsulated versions.


LCD: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual

display, video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals

(LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.

They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors,television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are

common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks,

watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT)

displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes

than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot

suffer image burn-in.


PORT 1: One single steeper motor is interfaced to the Port 1 of the 8051

microcontroller. The stepper motor is interfaced using a line driver IC ULN

2003A.

ULN 2003A: These IC are high voltage, high current Darlington transistor array,

each consists of seven npn Darlington pairs that features high voltage outputs

with common cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads. The collector

current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500mA. The Darlington pairs can be

parallel for higher current capability.

Applications: Relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers, line

drivers and logic buffers.



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STEPPER MOTOR: The stepper motor used for this purpose is a unipolar stepper

motor. A unipolar stepper motor has one winding with center tap per phase. Each

section of windings is switched on for each direction of magnetic field. Since in

this arrangement a magnetic pole can be reversed without switching the direction

of current, the commutation circuit can be made very simple (e.g. a single

transistor) for each winding. Typically, given a phase, the center tap of each

winding is made common: giving three leads per phase and six leads for a typical

two phase motor. Often, these two phase commons are internally joined, so the

motor has only five leads.


PORT 2: Sensors which are used in the system are all connected to the Port 2 of

the 8051 microcontroller. The sensors used are IR SENSOR, LDR SENSOR, and

LEDs are connected.

IR SENSOR:Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength

longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red

light at 0.74 micrometers ( m), and extending conventionally to 300 m. These

wavelengths correspond to a frequency range of approximately 1 to 400 THz, and

include most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature.

Microscopically, IR light is typically emitted or absorbed by molecules when theychange their rotational-vibration movements.

Sunlight at zenith provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter

at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible

light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.


LDR SENSOR:

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor

circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000

000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.


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The animation opposite shows that when the torch is turned on, the resistance of

the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through it.


PORT 3: This port is connected to MAX 232 for serial communication and further

connected to the RS 232 which is also called DB-9. And the RD and WR pins of the

Port 3 are also used for the read and write signals to the 8255.

MAX 232: The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an

RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and

RTS signals.

The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single

+ 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it

useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any

voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to

be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case.


RS 232:

In telecommunications, RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is the traditional

name for a series of standards for serial binary single-ended data and control

signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data

Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports. The

standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning

of signals, and the physical size and pin out of connectors. The current version of

the standard is TIA-232-F Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and DataCircuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued

in 1997.



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First and second level

Port 0: 8255A is connected to this port using ICs 74Ls373, 7404, 7430.

Port 1: 2 stepper motors are connected to the port 1 of the 8051 using 2 ULN

2003A line driver IC.

Port 2: the sensors have been connected to this port. The sensors connected are

2 IR sensor, 2 LDR sensor and 3 Leds.

Port 3: only 2 pins have been used of this port that is RD(bar) and WR(bar) pin to

give read and write signals to the 8255 connected to the port 0.

These have been already described earlier


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Main part or features of the project

Main part of the project is the

1. Lift2. Roller ( for the movement of the car)3. Sensors4. Stepper motors5. Serial communication

Components

Ground level

y Crystal oscillator (11.0592) 1y Resistor (1K) - 1y Capacitors (10uf, 33pf) - 5,2y Leds - 3y Switch -1y IR sensor -1y

LDR sensor -1y RS 232 (DB-9) -1y MAX 232 - 1y Stepper motor - 2y ULN 2003A -2y Potentiometer ( 10K) -1y LCD -1y 8255A -1y 7430 (8-input NAND gate) -1y 7404(NOT gate) -1y 74Ls373( address decoder) -1y 8051 microcontroller -1y Power supply


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First level

y 8051 microcontroller -1y 74Ls373 -1y 8255A -1y 7404 (NOT gate) -1y 7430 (NAND gate) -1y ULN 2003A -5y Stepper motor -5y Led -1y IR sensor -2y LDR sensor -2y Crystal oscillator -1y Capacitor (10uf, 33pf) -1,2y Resistor (1K) -1y Power supply

Second level

y 8051 microcontroller -1y 74Ls373 -1y 8255A -1y 7404 (NOT gate) -1y 7430 (NAND gate) -1y ULN 2003A -5y Stepper motor -5y Led -1y IR sensor -2y LDR sensor -2y Crystal oscillator -1y Capacitor (10uf, 33pf) -1,2y Resistor (1K) -1y Power supply


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Circuit Diagram or Layout

Ground level


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Hard ware Description

Ground level

1. LCD section:The LCD is introduced so, to keep updating the customers about the parking

facility and availability. In case the parking is full the LCD system display that the

parking is full

2. Serial communicationSerial communication is used so that the control room can send commands for

the retrieval or the parking of the car. Its same as the SMS service this is done

using MAX 232 and RS 232 (DB-9) which is connected to the laptop using serial

driver which sends messages to the MAX 232 and then to the 8051microcontroller.


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3. Lift section:The lift is the main section as the lift takes the car to the levels and the brings the

car back , the lift segment consists of a stepper motor which moves the lift up and

down, and inside it is roller section and sensor section which explained later.

Switch is used to indicate that the car has been placed inside.

Lift

liftllll

Car is placed switch

Inside on the rollers

Roller section


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4. Sensor sectionSensor section consists of 1 IR sensor and 1 LDR sensor. This section also contains

2 leds. The main purpose of the sensors is

Firstly the IR sensor this is used to keep check always on the car if it is still in the

lift or has been moved out on the levels or not.

Secondly the LDR is used to get information from the different microcontrollers at

the different levels if there is any vacant slot in that level or not.

Side view of the lift

IR sensor ss

LEDs

LDR sensor on the front

Side of the lift


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5. Roller sectionThe main purpose of the roller section is to make the movement of the car easy.

Te motive is to take the car up move it to the level and then to the slot, all this is

done through the use of the rollers. The rollers are the mechanical attachments atone end the rollers are connected to the stepper motor for the precise motion.

And these are connected to each other through belts.

Side view of the roller

Stepper motor

Is connected

Top view

Stepp

er

motor


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1. Horizontal sectionThe horizontal section use is for going to the different slots in the level, which

basically means the horizontal movement of the car to the particular empty slot

sequentially. This platform also contains a roller on it to place the car in the slot.

Forward motion

b

Horizontal motion

Stepper

motor

Stepper

motor

wheel

wheel

wheel

wheel


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2. Slot sectionThe slot sections only contain rollers in it with both forward and backward

motion. And a barrier at the end with sponge so that the car even if hits the wall

doesnt get damage at all.

Stepper

motor

Sponge barrier


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3. Sensor sectionSensor section is a small platform with the horizontal section used mainly in the

detection and the synchronization of the 3 microcontrollers in the system. This

section contains 2 IR sensors, 2 LDR sensor, 1 LED in it.

IR sensor LDR sensor

LED

Stepp

er


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Model for first and second floor

Figure: model for the depiction of the 1st

and 2nd

level construction

Dummy slotDummy slotDummy slot

horizontal

lift


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Algorithm

Ground level

Step 1: customer places the car in the lift and presses the switch to park the car.

Step 2: lift moves upwards for 1st

level and checks for the signal at LDR for empty

slots.

Step 3: if yes then rollers move and car is placed in the level and the lift moves

downwards.

Step 4: if after 5min IR sensor present in lift status doesnt change then the lift

goes up for 2nd level.

Step 5: step 3 is repeated if LDR status changes.

Step 6: if after 5 min the IR sensor status does not change the lift goes down and

the message is displayed on the LCD parking is full

Step 7: for retrieval process a message is sent to the DB-9 to microcontroller using

serial communication.

Step 8: the message contains a no. which is compare with the slot no.

Step 9: according to the slot no. it goes to the 1st

and 2nd

level, and level different

microcontrollers in the levels place the car in the lift.

Step 10: lift brings the car to the ground level to the customer.


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First and Second level

Step 1: there are 2 IR sensors in the each floor. 1 IR sensor is for seeing if lift is

present in that level or not.

Step 2: if lift is present then if it is for retrieval or parking purpose

Step 3: if status of 2nd

IR sensor changes then it means parking then if the 1st

slot

is empty then LED glows, if 2nd

slot is empty then also LED glows.

Step 4: when LED glows the car is placed on the horizontal section and taken to

slot 1aor slot 2, whichever is empty.

Step 5: if the status of 2nd

IR sensor does not change then the retrieval process

taken place.

Step 6: if the car to be retrieved is in the slot 1. The status of 1st

LDR changes out

of the two and the car is retrieved from the slot using horizontal section.

Step 7: if car is in slot 2, the status of the 2nd

LDR changes and step 6 is repeated.

Step 8: then the retrieved car is placed in the lift.

Step 9: lift moves down to the ground level, and the customer receives the car.


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The original programming code for the

project

Ground level

org 00h

porta equ 4000

portb equ 4001

portc equ 4002

cr equ 4003

chkswh:jb p2.0,chkswh ; checking the switch placed outside the lift for the

customers

sjmp lift ; jump to the lift loop to move the lift up

lift: mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion

mov a,#88h ;lift stepper motor

l1: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;

acall delay ;for 1st floor

djnz r0,l1 ;

sjmp chkst ;short jump to the next function

chkst: jnb p2.1,chkst ;checking the status of the ldr for the empty slots in the

floor for 5 sec

sjmp park ;to bring the car inside the floor

park: mov r2,#70h ;random variable

mov a,#80h ;contrl wrd

mov r1,#4003h ;control register

movx @r1,a

mov r1,#4002h ;portc

mov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence

rep: movx @r1,a

rr a

acall delay


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djnz r2,rep

sjmp nxtflr

chkir: jb p2.2,nxtflr ; checking the status of the ir sensor

sjmp dwnflr ; if not changed then move to next level

nxtflr:acall delay

mov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion


l2: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;


djnz r0,l2 ;

sjmp chkst2 ;short jump to the next function

dwnflr:acall delay



l3: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;for ground floor

djnz r0,l3 ;

sjmp chkswh ;short jump to the next function

chkst2:jnb p2.1,chkst2 ;checking the status of the ldr for the empty slots in

the floor for 5 sec

sjmp park1 ;to bring the car inside the floor

park1: mov r2,#70h ;random variable



movx @r1,amov r1,#4002h ;portc


rep1: movx @r1,a

rr a

acall delay


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djnz r2,rep

sjmp retrn

retrn: jb p2.2,lcd

sjmp rr: acall delay



l4: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;


djnz r0,l4 ;

sjmp chkswh

lcd: mov a,#80h

mov r0,#4003h

mov @r0,a

mov dptr,#mycom ;to display data

c1: clr a ;

movc a,@a+dptr ;

acall comnwrt ;

acall delay ;

jazz send_dat ;inc dptr ;

sjmp c1 ;

send_dat:

mov dptr,#mydata ;

d1: clr a ;

movc a,@a+dptr ;

acall datawrt ;

acall delay ;

inc dptr ; jazz j1 ;

sjmp d1 ;

j1: ljmp chkswh ;

comnwrt: mov r0,#4000h


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movx @r0,a

mov r0,#4001h

mov a,#00000100b

movx @r0,a

nopnop

mov a,#00000000b

movx @r0,a

ret

datawrt: mov r0,#4000h

movx @r0,a

mov r0,#4001h

mov a,#00000101bmovx @r0,a

nop

nop

mov a,#00000001b

movx @r0,a

ret

mycom: db 38h,0eh,01,06,81h,0 ;

mydata:db "parking is full",0 ;

serial:mov tmod,#20h

mov th1,#0fah

mov scon,#50h

setb tr1

mov dptr,#mydat

h_1: clr a

movc a,@a+dptr

acall send

inc dptrsjmp h_1

send: mov sbuf,a

h_2: jnb ti,h_2

clr ti

ret


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recv: jnb ri, recv

mov a,sbuf

clr ri

sjmp retrieve

ret

mydat: db "we are ready",0

retrieve: cjne a,#31,f2

setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the car

setb p2.3 ; flashing the 1st led for slot 1 in 1st floor



lr1: mov p1,a ;rr a ;


djnz r0,lr1

sjmp roll1

roll1: mov r2,#70h ;random variable



movx @r1,a

mov r1,#4002h ;portcmov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence

rep2: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delay

djnz r2,rep2

sjmp back

back:

acall delaymov r0,#14 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion


lr3: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;



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djnz r0,lr3

ljmp chkswh

f2: cjne a,#32,s1

setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the carsetb p2.4 ;flashing the 2nd led indicating the 2nd slot in the 1st

floor



lr4: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;


djnz r0,lr4

sjmp roll1roll2: mov r2,#70h ;random variable



movx @r1,a



rep3: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delaydjnz r2,rep3

sjmp back1

back1:

acall delay



lr5: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;acall delay ;for ground floor

djnz r0,lr5

ljmp chkswh

s1: cjne a,#41,s2


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setb p2.5 ; indicating the retreivalof the car

setb p2.3 ; flashing the 1st led for slot 1 in 2st floor



lr6: mov p1,a ;rr a ;


djnz r0,lr6

sjmp roll3

roll3: mov r2,#70h ;random variable



movx @r1,a

mov r1,#4002h ;portcmov a,#66h ;stepper motor sequence

rep4: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delay

djnz r2,rep4

sjmp back3

back3:

acall delaymov r0,#28 ;assuming for 1 sec delay or motion


lr7: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;


djnz r0,lr7

ljmp chkswh

s2: cjne a,#32,dashsetb p2.5 ; indicating the retreival of the car

setb p2.4 ;flashing the 2nd led indicating the 2nd slot in the 1st

floor




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lr8: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;


djnz r0,lr8

sjmp roll4roll4: mov r2,#70h ;random variable



movx @r1,a



rep6: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delaydjnz r2,rep6

sjmp back4

back4:

acall delay



lr9: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;acall delay ;for ground floor

djnz r0,lr9

dash: ljmp chkswh

DELAY:

MOV R3,#0FFHNEXT: MOV R4,#0FFH

AGAIN: DJNZ R4,AGAIN

DJNZ R3,NEXT

RET

End


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org 00h

root: jb p2.1,root

sjmp parkcar

parkcar: jnb p2.4,s1 ;indicating the retreival of the car

sjmp nxt

s1: clr a ;

cjne a,31h,park12 ;

setb p2.1 ;

mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h ;movx @r1,a ;

mov r1,#4000h ;

mov r2,#70h ;

mov a,#88h ;

rep: movx @r1,a ;

rr a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r2,rep ;

sjmp hozmo ;

hozmo: mov r3,#20h ;

mov a,#88h ;

loop: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r3,loop

sjmp slot ;

slot: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h

movx @r1,a

mov r1,#4001h

mov r2,#70h


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mov a,#88h

rep1: movx @r1,a

rr a

acall delay

djnz r2,rep1mov a,#0ffh

mov 31h,a

sjmp root

park12: clr a

cjne a,32h,dash

setb p2.1

mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003hmovx @r1,a

mov r1,#4000h

mov r2,#70h

mov a,#88h

rep2: movx @r1,a

rr a

acall delay

djnz r2,rep2

sjmp hozmo1

hozmo1: mov r3,#20h

mov a,#88h

loop2: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r3,loop2

sjmp slot2

slot2: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h

movx @r1,a

mov r1,#4002h

mov r2,#70h


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mov a,#88h

rep3: movx @r1,a

rr a

acall delay

djnz r2,rep3mov a,#0ffh

mov 32h,a

dash: ljmp root

nxt: jnb p2.3,nxt2 ;indicating the 1st slot

sjmp nxt1

nxt1: mov r3,#20h

mov a,#88hl1: mov p1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r3,l1

sjmp rolbck

rolbck: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h

movx @r1,amov r1,#4001h

mov r2,#70h

mov a,#88h

again: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delay

djnz r2,again

mov a,#00h

mov 31h,asjmp hrolbck

hrolbck: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h ;

movx @r1,a ;


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mov r1,#4000h ;

mov r2,#70h ;

mov a,#88h ;

repp: movx @r1,a ;

rl a ;acall delay ;

djnz r2,repp ;

sjmp hrbck

hrbck: mov r3,#20h ;

mov a,#88h ;

loo: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;

acall delay ;djnz r3,loo

sjmp backlft ;

backlft: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h ;

movx @r1,a ;

mov r1,#4000h ;

mov r2,#70h ;

mov a,#88h ;repp1: movx @r1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r2,repp1 ;

ljmp root ;

nxt2: jnb p2.2,d1

sjmp retr2

retr2: mov r3,#20h

mov a,#88h

lp1: mov p1,a ;

rr a ;

acall delay ;


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djnz r3,lp1

sjmp rolbck1

rolbck1: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003hmovx @r1,a

mov r1,#4002h

mov r2,#70h

mov a,#88h

again2: movx @r1,a

rl a

acall delay

djnz r2,again2

mov a,#00hmov 32h,a

sjmp hrolbck2

hrolbck2: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h ;

movx @r1,a ;

mov r1,#4000h ;

mov r2,#70h ;

mov a,#88h ;repp2: movx @r1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r2,repp2 ;

sjmp hrbck1

hrbck1: mov r3,#20h ;

mov a,#88h ;

loo1: mov p1,a ;rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r3,loo1

sjmp backlft1 ;


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backlft1: mov a,#80h

mov r1,#4003h ;

movx @r1,a ;

mov r1,#4000h ;

mov r2,#70h ;mov a,#88h ;

repp12: movx @r1,a ;

rl a ;

acall delay ;

djnz r2,repp12 ;

d1: ljmp root ;

DELAY:

MOV R3,#0FFHNEXT: MOV R4,#0FFH

AGAIN1: DJNZ R4,AGAIN1

DJNZ R3,NEXT

RET

end


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Future scope and Applications

The future of the automatic car parking system is very vast; this system has

many advantages over few disadvantages. There is a crisis in the land space allover the world. This system saves space, man power, time and many more things.

Has the system is automatic the customers can save many time, they dont have

to wait till the car is parked they just need to place the car in the lift, then just

press the button and rest is up to the control system. Even in the case of retrieval

the controller gives the instruction of the retrieval and till the customer goes to

the lift car is present there.

Being multilevel lot of space is saved and in each floor we can park up to manyhas 100 cars which a very efficient utilization of space. But the cost is expensive as

compared to the manual parking due to the equipments and the machinery which

costs a lot. This system has come in to consideration in many countries around

the globe even in India.

Application: In India in many metropolitan cities the construction of the

automatic car parking has been taken place , the cities such as Bangalore, Kolkata,

New Delhi etc.

Live examples:


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References and Datasheet

References:

Figure 4: 74Ls373 (address decoder)

Figure 5: 7404 (NOT gate)

Figure 6: 7430 ( 8- input nand gate)


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Figure 7: 8255 (programmable peripheral interface)

Figure 8: LCD ( liquid crystal display)

Figure 9: ULN 2003A


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Figure 10: stepper motor ( unipolar)

Figure 11: IR sensor

Figure 12: LDR sensor

Figure 13: LED


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Figure 14: MAX 232

figure 15: RS 232(DB-9)


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Bibliography

Books:

Ali Mazidi for 8051 microcontroller

Digital electronics by Navdeep Singh Dhaliwal

Sites:

http://www.electronics4u.com

www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Projects/Labview/gatesfunc/index.html

www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci213512,00.htm

sneha capstone

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