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TRANSCRIPT
Fiber to the Premise: PON or AON? ATM or Gig-E?
January 24, 2006Tuesday, 1:30 PM
By: Gary Stepanian, RCDDChief Technology Officer
V
Presentation Agenda…• Quick Review of ATM Concepts• Comparison to IP Ethernet based Transport• Define and Compare the GPON to GE-PON• Identify Issues with ATM DSL & FTTx• Look at Real Life FTTH Work-Arounds• Review Recent B-PON & AON Installations
ATM: Why did they ever develop It?
• Telco's Needed Quality of Service• Need QoS due to Lower Connection
Speeds (ISDN, T-1)• Small “Cells” Assure that No HOG of
the Pipe with Long Data Streams• Data Payloads weren’t that Big
ATM is “Connection” Based
ATMCloudATM
CloudSTEP 1Modem 1
CallsModem 2…
STEP 2Modem 2Answers
& NegotiatesSpeed…
STEP 3Modems CONNECT!
Modems are a Good Example of a Connection Based Service
IP is “Connection-LESS”
IPCloud
IPCloud
STEP 1
Google,Are you out there?
STEP 2
Sure AM!
STEP 3
I’ll Send Your Search Information,
Where-ever you are out there!
ATM Cell Concept is Unique…
5 ByteHeader
48 BytePayload
Total of 53 Bytes per Cell
How can you possibly put an address in 5 BYTES?
The 5 Byte Header Uses a Reference Address
5 BYTE HEADER DEFINED
GFC VPI VCI PTGFC HEC
BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 BYTE 4 BYTE 5
VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
CLPVIRTUAL PATH ID
VIRTUALCHANNEL ID
The 5 Byte Header Causes“10% Cell Tax”
Cell Tax on ATM DSL Can = 1 HD Stream!
5/48=10% +
5% AAL5Headers
15%
5 ByteHeader
48 BytePayload
5/48=10%
A Little Trick about Doors….Johnny,
come back here and get
a jacket…
Johnny
Johnny
JohnnyHe knew because
he had just came out
of the DOOR of HIS HOUSE!
3 Boys,All Named Johnny!
Knowing Which Door YouCame FROM, makes the Difference!
Each Johnny knows which
house he came from!
Johnny’s House
Johnny’s House
Johnny’s House
Cells Always Come and Go Through The Same Jetways
VC#1
VC#2
VC#3
VC#4
DTW
LAX
ORD
BOS
ATM Virtual Circuit Pair =1,1 : 2,4
VC Pair Is Overwritten =1,1 : 1,32,4
VP #2
VP #1
VP #3
The New VC ID is sent in HeaderPlane Arrives in Boston…
BOS
VC#1
VC#2
VC#3
VC#4
ATM Virtual Circuit Pair =2,4 : 1,3
VC Pair is Overwritten =2,4 : 2,21,3
VC#1
VC#2
VC#3
VP #1 VP #1
VP #2
VP #3
VP #4
10.10.100.1
Since Cells are only 53 BytesIP Packets must be CHOPPED UP to Fit
SAR = SEGMENTATION AND RE-ASSEMBLYCELL 1 CELL 2 CELL 3 CELL 4 CELL5 CELL 6
Segemented Packets cannot be read until Re-assembled!
1,500 BYTE IP PACKET
10. 10. 100. 1
IP Address in Multiple Cells
Summary of ATM Issues…• While Cells are Small and Fast they can’t hold IP Addresses• All Routing Requires SARing before Passing On• The Solution is RFC 2684 (IP Tunneling)• Tunneling Works Well for UNICAST IP• Much Harder for MULTICAST IP (IPTV) and Certain (VoIP)
Traffic• Multicast Requires a Special Routing Switch to Replicate
Multicast Streams to Each Port• Verizon’s 2 Major BPON Vendors, Motorla and Tellabs,
don’t support Multicast as of this date!
ATM PVC or SVC Concept Using RFC 2684 (Formerly RFC 1483)
IP Tunnel
ATM TransportVoIP Tunnel
Video Multicast IP Tunnel
DATA
Mapping PVC’s Is Time-Consuming
Where are All These Virtual Circuits Supposed to Plug Into?
IP Tunnel
ATM TransportVoIP Tunnel
Video Multicast IP Tunnel
DATA
IP Tunnel
ATM TransportVoIP Tunnel
Video Multicast IP Tunnel
DATA
IP Tunnel
ATM TransportVoIP Tunnel
Video Multicast IP Tunnel
DATA
IP Tunnel
ATM TransportVoIP Tunnel
Video Multicast IP Tunnel
DATA
HBOHBO
SHO
HBOHBO
HBOHBOHBOHBO
Video RouterCrossbar Switch
What’s the Point?
• ATM Struggles with IP Routing and Multicast
• Telco’s have a Large Investment in ATM• IP Won’t Go Away, Must be Dealt With• High $$$ Required to Accommodate IPTV• How Does This Affect New Installs FTTX?• The Insanity Continues…..
BATTLE Continues ATV vs. IP• First there was B-PON (Based on OC-12
622MB/s)• Next Came G-PON (1st 1.2GB/s now 2.4GB/s)
– Sponsored by the RBOCs– Why? They are comfortable with ATM– Multicast is Still Unavailable
• Rest of the World has GE-PON (1GB/sec)– All IP– Fully Supports Multicast Today– Supports VoIP using MGCP or SIP– Low Cost OLT (Optical Light Transmitter)
DSL is MOSTLY ATM Today
How Have Telco's Provided Voice Using FTTH?
• GR-303 has been the standard to:– Passes Class 5 Features to CPE– Oversubscription of 6 to 1 (Typical)– Routes DID Telephone Numbers to CPE
• GR-303 is Often NOT Available • Uses Dedicated PVC and CBR
– CBR is (Committed Bit Rate) NAILED UP AAL2
– Internet Data uses UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) AAL5
– VoIP also uses UBR AAL5– When using VoIP, CBR may be Wasted
Diagram of ATM Pipe
1. CBR2. VBR-RT3. VBR-Non-RT4. UBR
CBRNailed
UP
UBR
VoIP
Internet
ATMPriorities
VoIP BecomesLowest Priority!
GR-303
What is PON…AON?• PON is Passive Optical Network
– Signal is Time Division Multiplexed Up to 32 Users– Optical Splitters are used: (1) 4-Way + (4) 8-Way=32– Can be either ATM or Ethernet– Ethernet only TDM’s Uplink Traffic– Most Service Providers Run Home Run Fiber
(To be Safe)
• AON is Active Optical Network– Each User has own Direct Fiber Link– Typically Bi-Directional Signals over Single Fiber– Future Proof Since can be Upgraded to GigE/user– Cost of Fiber has Lowered Making Home Runs
Standard (Even for PON)
ATM GPON Pipe, UP & Down
Up to 32Time
DivisionMultiplexing
(TDM)
213
54
9
87
6Too MuchBandwidth
4 Streams of HDTVCould Over-Subscribe
Connection
Upstream IP PON Pipe
Up to 32Time Slices
TDM For Upstream
Only
213
54
9
87
6
Downstream IP PON Pipe
User1VOD
MulticastUsers11-20IPTV
User2VoIP
Users3-10
Internet
Unlike ATM PON,IP PON CAN
Share the Multicast
Streams and SAVE Bandwidth!
Diagram of:Passive (PON) vs. Active (AON)
PONHE
5 Fibers must be reserved for future
connection! 5 of 8 = 63% Waste!
AONHE
PON HE has limited number of PON ports,
63% Wasted!
AON HE has Unlimited number of ports, added only as needed! No Waste!
NO Wasted Ports, Simple Installation!
Complicated Installation!
Recent “Work Around” No SIP Interface
GR-303 T-1 Modem
Optical Node Unit
GR-303 Ports
SIP VoiceGateway
Ethernet
POTSLine
GPON vs. GE-PON In the Market
• GPON Lacks the Economies of Scale• GPON Spec. Still Being Updated• Deployment GPON Lags Behind GE-PON• GE-PON Enjoys Large Successful Deployments in Asia
– Perceived as Simple and Economical– Native Ethernet Gigabit Speeds UP & DOWN– No “Cell Tax” as in ATM, Effective Thru-Put Similar
• GPON Claims 64 Drops vs. GE-PON 32 Drops– Fiber Optic Physical Limitations when RF Video Overlay is Used– Greater Opportunity for Failure with 64 than 32
GE-PON Key Facts (IEEE 802.3ah)
• Ratified by the IEEE in June of 2004 • Combines Ethernet with Point to Multipoint PON • Alias= Ethernet in the First Mile or EFM • 1.0 Gbps Symmetrical UP & DOWN• Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) • Supports Class of Service (CoS)
– Time-sensitive Transport of Video– Video Frames Must be In Sequence & On Time
• Supports TDM using circuit emulation services • Supports Voice over IP (VoIP)
ITU-T G.984 GPON - Gigabit PON Key Facts
• Draft January of 2003, Revisions Still in Progress • Generic Encapsulation Method (GEM) protocol layer
– Ethernet– ATM– TDM
• Point to Multipoint PON Network Topologies • 1.25 Gbps UP and 2.5 Gbps DOWN Bandwidth • Includes Operations, Admin. and Maintenance
(OAM) • Supports Class of Service (CoS) • Supports TDM using Circuit Emulation• Supports Voice over IP (VoIP)
Recent FTTH DeploymentIP
CloudIP
Cloud
Soft SwitchTDM/VoIP
Session Border Controller
Backbone Router
GPON OLT (Optical Light Trans.)
CATV Optical Trans.
EDFAFiberDWDM
ONU
IP MUX IP MUX
T-1s
T-1s
STB
Router
Allied Telesyn 9400 iMAP
• AON 100BX FTTX• GE-PON FTTX• 10/100BT• ADSL2+• VDSL2• G.SHDSL• POTS • FTTP• GE • E1/T1
10 ServiceModules:
Notice: Every Type Blade includingAON and GE-PON, Except GPON
A/T Decided to Offer BOTHAON & GE-PON due
To Customer’s Wavering
Banana Bay, Perdido, FL
AON Banana Bay, Perdido, FL
CATV: Banana Bay, Perdido, FL
Summary:• Caution Must be used when Choosing ATM BPON/GPON
– Make Sure that it Supports Your Applications• VoIP (SIP or MGCP)• IPTV (Multicast)• QoS
– Consider the Labor Required to Configure PVCs– Make Sure You Have Proper Test Equipment
• GE-PON and AON are Growing in Popularity– VLAN Support with QoS– Simple to Deploy– Significantly Lower Cost
• Choose SMART, Make Sure You Don’t Bank on Futures!
Fiber to the Premise: PON or AON? ATM or Gig-E?
January 24, 2006Tuesday, 1:30 PM
By: Gary Stepanian, RCDDChief Technology Officer
V