ventilator.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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VENTILATOR
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suatu alat yang mampu membantu (sebagian) atau mengambil alih (seluruh) fungsi pertukaran gas paru untuk mempertahankan hidup.
1 DEFINISI
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Ventilasi mekanis adl alat pernapasan bertekanan negatif / positif yg dpt m’tahankan ventilasi & pemberian O2 dg jangka waktu yg lama
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Ventilasi = keluar masuknya udara dari atmosfer ke alveolus
Ventilator = menghantarkan (delivery) udara/gas TEKANAN POSITIF ke dalam paru
Ventilasi semenit = TV x RR (frekuensi nafas)TV = 5-7 cc/kgBBRR = 10 –12 kali/menitCompliance = Pengukuran dari elastisitas paru
dan dinding dadaNilai compliance mengekspresikan adanya
perubahan volume akibat perubahan dari tekanan (pressure)
VENTILATOR ~ VENTILASI
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Mengurangi kerja pernafasan.
Memperbaiki ventilasi alveolar.
Memberikan oksigenasi adekuat.
TUJUAN BANTUAN NAFAS DENGAN VENTILATOR:
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Ventilator Tekanan Positif Ventilator Tekanan Negatif
KLASIFIKASI
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Time Cycle Flow Cycle Pressure Cicle - sering u/ pediatrik dan neonatus Volume Cycle - paling banyak di ICU
Ekspirasi bersifat pasif
2. JENIS VENTILATOR
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Controlled Ventilation Assist/Control Intermitten Mandatory Ventilation Synchronized Intermitten Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)
Continious Positive Airway Pressure. (CPAP)
MODEL
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1. Gg VENTILASIa. Disfungsi otot pernafasan : kelelahan otot nafas, kelainan dinding thoraksb. Penyakit neuromuskuler (GBS,Poliomyelitis,Myasthenia)c. Sumbatan jalan nafasd. Peningkatan tahanan jalan nafase. Gangguan kendali nafas
3. INDIKASI PEMASANGAN VENTILATOR
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2. Gg OksigenHypoximia BerulangPerlu pemberian PEEPKerja pernapasan berat
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3. Indikasi LainMencegah AtelectaseM TIKM kebutuhan O2 ( systemic/ myocardial)
Penggunaan musscle & sedasi
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Penetapan pemasangan ventilator dilakukan oleh dokter
1. Pada pasien dg pernapasan kendalia) Mengisap sekresib) Bekerjasama dg dokter dlm menentukan pola pernapasan kendali dengan cara : Menentukan Tidal Volume (TV) 8-12 cc/kg badan Minute Volume (MV) = RR x TV Frekuensi pernapasan 12 kali/menit konsentrasi oksigen (FI O2) sesuai kebutuhan Mengatur sensitifitas kearah kendali sesuai
jenis ventilator yang digunakan
4. SOP PEMASANGAN VENTILATOR
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Setting Awal Ventilator pada Dewasa.
Tidal Volume : 10 – 12 ml/kg Respiratory rate : 10 – 12 breath/min Minimum Inspiratory flow rate : 30 L/min I : E ratio : 1 : 2 FiO2 : 50% PEEP (Positive End Exspiracy Pressure : 3- 5 cm H2O
Modes : CMV trigger of sensitivity = - 20 cm H2OSIMV trigger of sensitivity = - 2 cm H2O SIMV rate = 10 breaths/min RR pasien = 20 breaths/min SIMV + PS PS = 10 cm H2O
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c). Menilai volume udara yang masuk dengan cara membaca jarum petunjuk pada jarum ventilatord) Melakukan Observasi setiap 30 menit antara lain : 1) Kerja ventilator 2) Tensi, Nadi, pernapasan, dan tanda-tanda syanotik 3) Tanda-tanda fighting (Penolakan bantuan ventilator)
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Kardiovaskuler : penurunan cardiac output, disritmia.
Gangguan keseimbangan cairanRetensi cairanDehidrasiInfeksi Komplikasi akibat efek pemasangan.
Komplikasi Pulmonal
5. KOMPLIKASI
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Pada parua. Baro trauma: tension pneumothorax, empisema sub cutis, emboli udara vaskuler.b. Atelektasis/kolaps alveoli diffusec. Infeksi parud. Keracunan oksigene. Jalan nafas buatan:king-king (tertekuk) ,terekstubasi, tersumbat.f. Aspirasi cairan lambungg. Tidak berfungsinya penggunaan ventilatorh. Kerusakan jalan nafas bagian atas
5.KOMPLIKASI :
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Hipotensi, m cardiac output dikarenakan m aliran balik vena akibat m tekanan intra thorax pd pemberian ventilasi mekanik dg tekanan tinggi
SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
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a. Vasokonstriksi cerebral P tekanan CO2 arteri (PaCO2) dibawah normal akibat dr hiperventilasi.b. Oedema cerebral P tekanan CO2 arteri diatas normal akibat dari hipoventilasi.c. P tekanan intra kraniald. Gg kesadarane. Gg tidur.
SISTEM SARAF PUSAT
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Distensi lambung, illeus
Perdarahan lambung.
5. Gg psikologi
SISTEM GASTROINTESTINAL
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Pemeriksaan fisikAlih baringX foto thoraksSaturasi oksigenBGA : Blood Gas AnalyzeSuction berkalaKomplikasi
PEMANTAUAN PASIEN
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PrinsipMencukupi kebutuhan oksigen
Memperbaiki pengeluaran CO2
Mencegah penyulit
PRINSIP PERAWATAN
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AGD dalam batas normal.Mempertahankan airway, mobilisasi sekret,
tetap bebas dari dyspnea dan gelisah3alan nafas klienefektif , sekret mudah ambil..Klien dapat mempertahankan metode
komunikasi yang diinginkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan
Kelembaban membran mukosa oral klien terjaga; tidak terjadi ulserasi atau lesi yang lain.
bebas dari infeksi
EVALUASI
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TERIMA KASIH