E-Learning i vi hc sinh ph thng Vit Nam

E-Learning i vi hc sinh ph thng Vit NamThS. H S Anh

Vin Nghin cu Gio dc - Trng HSP Tp. HCM

cc nc phat trin, vic hc tp bng phng php E-Learning (Electronic Learning) tr nn ph bin, ngi hc c th ch ng chn kha hc, thi gian hc thch hp v c th hc bt c u, ch cn kt ni vi Internet. Khng ch c E-Learning, mt s nc pht trin M-Learning (Mobile Learning) hoc ME-Learning, kt hp gia M-Learning v E-Learning. Vit Nam, nhng nm gn y, vi s phat trin manh me h tng CNTT, c bit la kt ni Internet bng thng rng n tt c cc c s gio dc, thuc y ngnh GD&T phat trin E-Learning gio dc i hc v bt u trin khai gio dc ph thng. Trong bi vit ny, ti xin cp n E-learning cho hc sinh ph thng, c xem l mt chin lc ca GD Vit Nam trong giai on mi.

I. Mt s khi nim 1. Khi nim E-learning E-learning l thut ng mi, hin nay, c nhiu cch hiu v E-learning khc nhau:

(1) E-Learning l s dng cc cng ngh Web v Internet trong hc tp (William Horton); (2) E-Learning l mt thut ng dng m t vic hc tp, o to da trn cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (Compare Infobase Inc); (3) E-Learning ngha l vic hc tp hay o to c chun b, truyn ti hoc qun l s dng nhiu cng c ca cng ngh thng tin, truyn thng khc nhau v c thc hin mc cc b hay ton cc (MASIE Center); (4) Vic hc tp c truyn ti hoc h tr qua cng ngh in t. Vic truyn ti qua nhiu k thut khc nhau nh Internet, TV, video tape, cc h thng ging dy thng minh, v vic o to da trn my tnh (Coputer Base Training) (Sun Microsystems, Inc)... Hiu theo ngha rng, E-learning l mt thut ng dng m t vic hc tp, o to da trn cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, c bit l cng ngh Internet.

Theo quan im hin i, E-learning l s phn pht cc ni dung hc s dng cc cng c in t hin i nh my tnh, mang Internet, mang v tinh, ia CD hoc liu...; ngi dy v ngi hc c th giao tip vi nhau qua mng di cc hnh thc nh: ngi hoc theo doi bai giang qua mang (trc tip hoc gian tip), e-mail, tho lun trc tuyn (chat), din n (forum)...

2. Kin trc h thng E-learning

Quan st trn hnh v, chng ta thy, hc tp s da trn mng Internet l ch yu, thng qua World Wide Web (WWW).

H thng E-Learning s c tch hp vo portal ca trng hc hoc doanh nghip. Nh vy h thng E-Learning s phi tng tc tt vi cc h thng khc trong nh trng nh: h thng qun l hc sinh, sinh vin, h thng qun l gio vin, lch ging dy... cng nh cc h thng qun tr doanh nghip. Mt thnh phn rt quan trng ca h thng, l H thng qun l hc tp (Learning Management System), gm nhiu module khc nhau, gip cho qu trnh hc tp trn mng c d dng, pht huy ht cc im mnh ca mng Internet, nh:

- Din n trao i kin gia cc thnh vin ca mt lp.

- Module kho st ly kin ca mi ngi v mt vn no .

- Module kim tra v nh gi.

- Module chat trc tuyn.

- Module pht video v audio trc truyn.

3. Hoc tp theo phng phap E-learning qua hinh thc web (web-based training)

Trn th gii cng nh nc ta, nhiu kha hc trc tuyn c t chc. Ty theo mc tiu v cp o to m hnh thc t chc lp hc trc tuyn cng khc nhau. Tuy nhin c im chung l hoc vin tham gia hoc phai c s cho phep cua t chc qun l E-learning.

- Hoc vin ng ky la thnh vin vo lp v c th: xem cc thng tin v lch hc, ni dung mn hc, danh sch ging vin, tr ging, bn cng lp...

- Truy cp vo kha hc, hc vin c th xem/tai cc ti liu, hc liu di dng HTML, PDF, DOC, SCORM; hc liu dng SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model): xem trc tip trn web E-learning; cc ti liu dng PDF, HTML, PDF, DOC thng thng ti xung my tinh c nhn thun tin vic hc v lu tr.

Sau khi hc vi ti liu, hc liu c cung cp, hoc vin c th tham gia cc din n trao i, c gii p cc thc mc v nhng vn lin quan.

- Trong qu trnh hc, hoc vin co th (hoc bt buc) lm cc bi tp trc nghim trc tuyn, y c th l cc bi luyn tp hoc bi kim tra, thng gp 2 loi bi tp:

+ Sau khi lm bi, np bi bng cch ng ti (upload) mt tp tin.

+ Lm bi ti ch bng cch in, nh du vo 1 file (kim tra v nh gi trc tuyn).

-Xem im, kt qua trong phn anh gia hc vin.

4. Bi ging E-learning v Bi ging in t

TS Quch Tun Ngc, Cc trng Cc CNTT (B GD&T) cho bit: Trong cuc thi thit k bi ging E-learning nm 2010, mt kh khn ln l khi nim Bi ging E-learning cn cn mi m i vi gio vin ph thng, nhiu ngi cha phn bit gia bi ging in t (BGT) v bi ging Elearning.

BGT l ton b bi ging, k hoch ln lp c Multimedia ha v c s dng cho ngi gio vin ln lp, c s tng tc trc tip gia thy v tr. Trong khi , bi ging E-learning l bi ging phc v cho vic t hc ca hc sinh m khng cn n vai tr ca gio vin ging dy. Nh vy son mt bi ging E-learning kh hn v tn nhiu cng sc, thi gian hn so vi son mt BGT thng thng. Bn cnh , to ra mt kha hc E-learning i hi phi c h tng CNTT mnh, c i ng chuyn gia cng ngh v kh nng thit k, to bi ging E-learning ca i ng gio vin.

II. E-Learning cho hc sinh ph thng ca mt s quc gia

Nhiu nc trn th gii trin khai mnh m E-Learning gio dc i hc, gio dc ngh nghip v hun luyn nhn vin cc cng ty. Nhng nm gn y E-learning cng v ang trin khai cho hc sinh ph thng, in hnh l cc nc Hoa K, Hn Quc, Nht Bn... Hoa K c hng triu hc sinh ph thng ng k hc Online. a lp hc ln mng Internet l mt tro lu ang bng n ti nc ny. Khng ch l mt phong tro t pht, ti nhiu bang Hoa Kcc nh qun l gio dc ban hnh quy nh trc khi c cng nhn tt nghip, mi hc sinh phi ng k hc mt s mn nht nh ti cc lp hc trc tuyn. Cc lp hc trc tuyn ny c th c t chc tp trung ti cc trng hoc hc sinh c th hc ti nh. Theo l gii ca cc nh qun l, y l bc chun b nhm trang b cho hc sinh nhng k nng cn thit cho vic hc ti cc trng i hc sau ny v thch ng vi mi trng lm vic ca th k 21.

Theo c tnh ca B Gio dc Hoa K,nc ny c khong 770 trng ph thng p dng phng thc hc trc tuyn, vi khong 1,03 triu hc sinh (trong c hn 200.000 hc trc tuyn ton phn) tnh n nm hc 2007-2008. Nhng chnh B Gio dc cng ln ting cnh bo,vic hc trc tuyn rt hiu qu vi sinh vin i hc, cao ng nhng cha bng chng khoa hc cho thy n cng tt vi cc hc sinh ph thng. Tuy nhin, E-learning l gii php kh ph hp vi hc sinh trt tt nghip v nhm hc sinh li. Chng hn, Qun 13, Tokyo (Nht Bn) c hng chc hc sinh li hc, khng mun n trng. Phng Gio dc Qun xy dng Website ring nhng hc sinh ny hc nh, theo hnh thc "va hc va chi".

L mt quc gia chu , kinh t ca Hn Quc cha phi l top ten ca th gii, nhng gio dc nc ny khng ngn ngi khi u t cho E-learning, hng t USD m x s kim chi u t cho pht trin Internet gp 10 ln vo nm 2014. Hn Quc phn u s tr thnh mt tiu im v xu hng gio dc mi th gii nhn vo.

Nhiu "trng hc trn mng" (Web school) ra i v tr thnh ni ting, Megastudy l mt in hnh v tr thnh mng gio dc trc tuyn ln nht ti Hn Quc, vi doanh s hng nm ln n 245 t won (3.500 t ng Vit Nam). Lng hc sinh theo hc cc cp c phn ra: trung hc ph thng (www.megastudy.net) vi 2,1 triu ngi ghi danh, trung hc c s (www.mbest.net) vi 2 triu ngi, tiu hc (www.mjunior.net) vi 3,7 triu ngi.

Chnh ph Hn Quc xem web nh mt cng c h nhit chi ph dy km ti cc trung tm luyn thi, ti lp bnh ng trong gio dc. EBS, knh truyn hnh hc ng ca chnh ph, m trang web cung cp cc bi ging n thi i hc min ph, cho n nay thu ht trn 3 triu thnh vin.Mt s gio vin, ging vin gii Hn Quc cho rng: E-learning mang li cng bng hn cho gio dc, do nhng hc sinh ngho c th tham gia vo kha luyn thi ca nhng thy gii vi mc hc ph rt t so vi lp luyn thi thng thng.

IV. E-Learning cho Gio dc Vit Nam

1. Nhng ch trng v gii php ln.

Cng ngh thng tin i vi gio dc Vit Nam pht trin mnh m khi bc vo th k 21. Ch th 58-CT/TW ngy 17/10/2000 ca B Chnh tr v y mnh ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin phc v s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho, nu r: "y mnh ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong cng tc gio dc v o to cc cp hc, bc hc, ngnh hc. Pht trin cc hnh thc o to t xa phc v cho nhu cu hc tp ca ton x hi. c bit tp trung pht trin mng my tnh phc v cho gio dc v o to, kt ni Internet ti tt c cc c s gio dc v o to". Thc hin Ch th trn, B GD&T ban hnh 2 ch th: Ch th s 29 (nm 2001) v vic tng cng ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong gio dc giai on 2001-2005 v ch th s 55 (nm 2008) v vic tng cng ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong gio dc giai on 2008-2012.

Trong nhng nm qua, h tng CNTT trong ngnh gio dc c u t mnh m, vi vic hon thnh "Mng gio dc - Edunet" nm 2010 (chng trnh hp tc gia B GD&T vi tp on Vin thng qun i Viettel), kt ni Internet bng thng rng n tt c cc c s gio dc t mm non n i hc, Vit Nam tr thnh mt trong s t quc gia c min ph Internet trong gio dc. Nhiu trng i hc, cao ng trang b h tng CNTT, thit b dy hc hin i v tng bc trin khai E-Learning. Mt s kha hc o to trc tuyn, dy hc qua mng c m ra.

Ch trng ca B GD&T trong giai on ti l tch cc trin khai cc hot ng xy dng mt x hi hc tp, m mi cng dn (t hc sinh ph thng, sinh vin, cc tng lp ngi lao ng, ..) u c c hi c hc tp, hng ti vic: hc bt k th g (any things), bt k lc no (any time), bt k ni u (any where) v hc tp sut i (life long learning). thc hin c cc mc tiu nu trn, E-Learning c mt vai tr ch o trong vic to ra mt mi trng hc tp o.

2. Mt s hot ng trin khai E-Learning:

- Cc trng i hc, cao ng tch cc trin khai E-learning: Mt s trng i hc tch cc trin khai h thng Elearning, xy dng trung tm hc liu m, th vin in t. Huy ng nhiu ngun lc nh kinh ph cc d n, kinh ph ngn sch, kinh ph cc doanh nghip h tr... u t h tng CNT, tp hun cho ging vin v xy dng h thng ti liu, bi ging phc v cho vic hc tp, nghin cu ca hc sinh, sinh vin.

- B Gio dc v o to phi hp vi cc doanh nghip trin khai E-Learning v thi trc tuyn. Th nht, l Cuc thi "Thit k h s bi ging in t E-learning" nm hc 2009 - 2010 nm trong khun kh ca chng trnh hp tc gia B Gio dc v o to v Qu Laurence S. Ting. Cuc thi huy ng c s lng ln gio vin tham gia (vng s kho khong 3,200; vng chung kho 855 gio vin). c 154 bi ging t gii, trong : Gii nht (3), gii nh (5), gii ba (24), gii KK (48) v qu tng (74).Tp. H Ch Minh, H Ni, Thi Bnh, Kon Tum l nhng a phng t nhiu gii cao. Nm hc 2010-2011 B GD&T tip tc t chc cuc thi ni trn, th hin quyt tm trin khai E-learning i vi HS ph thng . Th hai, cuc thi gii ton qua mng ti Website Violympic.vn, l chng trnh hp tc gia B GD&T vi Cng ty TNHH ni dung s FPT, cuc thi c t chc nm th ba, l mt sn chi b ch, hng th cho hng trm ngn hc sinh (tiu hc, THCS) yu thch mn ton trn ton quc. Th ba, Cuc thi Olympic ting Anh (IOE) l chng trnh hp tc gia Tng Cng ty truyn thng a phng tin Vit Nam VTC vi B GD&T. Cuc thi quy t c hn 4000 th sinh l HS Tiu hc, THCS ca 54 tnh, thnh ph trong c nc.

- Bn cnh , mt s doanh nghip cng ti tr xy dng Website luyn thi trc tuyn nh: hocmai.vn, truongtructuyen.vn, Elearning ca Viettel Tp HCM... xy dng cc th vin ti liu, bi ging, th nghim o, nh Thuvienvatly.vn, lichsuvietnam.vn, baigiang.bachkim.vn... to ra mt ngun ti nguyn ln v ti liu v bi ging in t.

3. Mt s kh khn khi trin khai Elearning cho hc sinh ph thng

Vic trin khai E-learning tai cho cc trng ph thng Vit Nam gp mt s kho khn sau:

Mt l, v xy dng ngun tai nguyn bai giang: Cht lng ngun tai nguyn bai giang E-learning la nhn t quyt inh n s lng ngi tham gia hoc. soan bai giang E-learning co cht lng oi hoi tn nhiu cng sc cua giao vin. Hin tai ch h tr cha phu hp vi cng sc bo ra son bi ging Elearning, v vy cha khuyn khich i vi gio vin. i sng ca gio vin gp nhiu kh khn, p lc thi c, bnh thnh tch trong gio dc... hu qu l gio vin khng c thi gian u t cho E-learning. Nhiu giao vin gii v chuyn mn v kh nng s phm, nhng k nng s dung cng ngh (ghi hinh, thu m, s dung phn mm)cn hn ch, nn cha phat huy c i ngu nay.

Hai l, v phia ngi hoc: Hc tp theo phng phap E-Learning i hi ngi hoc phi c tinh thn t hc, do nh hng cch hc th ng truyn thng, tm l hc phi c thy (khng thy my lm nn), Ni dung qua tai tai trng... dn n vic tham gia hoc E-Learning cha tr thnh ng lc hc tp. Nhiu hoc sinh ngho, nht l vng su vng xa, cha th trang b my vi tnh kt ni Internet, nhiu thng tin khng tt trn mng Internet dn n gia nh lo lng khi con em vo mng cng l nhng l do lm hn ch E-Learning i vi HS ph thng Vit Nam.

Ba l, v c s vt cht:i hi phi c h tng CNTT mnh, c ng truyn cp quang, xy dng Website trng hc v Website E-learning hoan chinh chi phi cao, nu khng tn dung ht kha nng ca Web se gy lang phi.

Bn l, v nhn lc phuc vu website E-learning Cn c can b chuyn trach phuc vu s hoat ng cua h thng E-learning. Tuy nhin, theo quy inh hin tai cha co bin ch cho hoat ng nay cc trng ph thng.

V. xut gii php

Trn c s nhng kt qu bc u v thc trng E-learning cho hc sinh ph thng Vit Nam, chng ti xut mt s gii php sau:

Th nht, v nhn thc, B GD&T, cc trng i hc, cao ng, cc S Gd&T cn xc nh E-Learning l mt chin lc ca gio dc trong giai on mi, hng n mt x hi hc tp. Nhng ni c iu kin cn to ra nhng in hnh trong vic trin khai E-Learning, tuyn truyn nhn rng cc in hnh , ng thi tuyn truyn v ch trng trin khai E-Learning ca B khng ch i vi ngnh gio dc, m cn i vi ton x hi. B v S GD&T tng cng hp tc vi cc doanh nghip trong vic xy dng cc Website E-Learning mnh, ngang tm vi mt s website E-Learning ca cc nc.

Th hai, tng cng tp hun v phng php, k nng, s dng tng hp nhiu phn mm to b ging E-Learning. u t trang thit b, h tr kinh ph cho gio vin, ging vin trong vic to bi ging.

Th ba, cc trng ph thng hng n Online ha trng hc, bao gm Online v qun l, iu hnh, tc nghip v Online v dy v hc. Website trng hc phi tr thnh mt a ch thn thin i vi cn b, gio vin, hc sinh v ph huynh. Hng dn phng php t hc, hc nhm, hc tp v trao i qua mng cho hc sinh, y l nhng k nng cn thit hc tp gio dc i hc v gio dc ngh nghip sau ny.

Th t, qua phn tch trn cho thy vai tr ca ngi gio vin rt quan trng trong vic trin khai E-Learning, v vy cc trng s phm phi l cc trng thc hin E-Learning tt nht.Sinh vin s phm ra trng khng ch nm c phng php hc tp ny m cn l ngi c th to ra bi ging in t phc v cho ging dy, bi ging E-Learning phc v cho t hc ca hc sinh.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Ch th s 58-CT/TW ngy 17/10/2000 ca B Chnh tr v vic y mnh ng dng cng ngh thng tin cho s nghip cng nghp ha, hin i ha.

[2] Ch th s 55/2008/CT-BGDT ngy 30/9/2008 ca B GD&T v vic tng cng ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong gio dc giai on 2008-2012.

[3] Bo co Tng kt cuc thi "Thit k h s bi ging E-Learning", B GD&T 12/2010.

[4] "Online ha trng hc M", ICTnews, thng 4/2011

[5] "E-Learning Hn Quc", Vnh Khang, Si Gn Gii phng Online

[6] "Nhng thun li, kho khn va giai phap vic thc hin E-learning tai S GD&T",H S Anh Tun, Website kontum.edu.vn.PAGE 1