what is responsible business?
TRANSCRIPT
What is Responsible Business?တာ၀နယမႈရေသာ စးပြားေရးဆတာဘာလ။
Vicky Bowman, DirectorMyanmar Centre for Responsible Business
ျမနမာစးပြားေရးက႑ တာ၀နယမႈရေရး အေထာကအကျပဌာန (MCRB) www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org
အမတ ၁၅၊ ရမးရပသာလမး
(ဆာကရာ ေဆးရအနး)
စမးေခာငးၿမ ႔နယ၊ ရနကနၿမ႕
ဖနး / ဖက(စ) ၀၁ ၅၁၀၀၆၉
Current core funders:UK DFIDDANIDA NorwaySwitzerlandNetherlandsIreland
Founders:
MCRB ObjectiveTo provide an effective and legitimate platform for the creation of knowledge, capacity and dialogue concerning responsible business in Myanmar, based on local needs and international standards, that results in more responsible business and thereby contributes to sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
MCRB defines ‘responsible business’ as ‘business activities that work for the long-term interests of Myanmar and all its people’.
www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org15 Shan Yeiktha Street, Sanchaung, Yangon Tel/Fax: 01 510069
MCRB defines ‘responsible business’ as ‘business activities that work for the long-term interests of Myanmar and all its people’.
MCRB ၏အဓပၸါယဖြငဆခက “ျမနမာျပညသျပညသားမား၏ေရရညအကးစးပြားမား အတြက ေဆာငရြကေသာစးပြားေရးလပငနးမား”
There is no single international definition of ‘a responsible business’ or responsible company.
“တာ၀နယမႈရေသာ စးပြားေရးလပငနး” (သ႔) ကမၸဏဆသညက သးသန႔အဓပၸါယ ဖြငဆ ထားျခငးမရ
Being a responsible business helps a company to attract/retain employees, and gain a ‘social licence to operate
လထ သေဘာတ ၾကညျဖခြငျပမႈ
ဥပေဒကေလးစားလကနာျခငး
Social/communityinvestment or contributionလမႈေရးလပငနးမားအတြကရငးႏးျမပႏမႈမားလပျခငး
Philanthropyပရဟတမားလပေဆာငျခငး
Sponsorshipေငြေၾကးမားေထာကပေပးျခငး
Disaster reliefသဘာဝေဘးအႏရာယဆငရာလပေဆာငခကမား
Responsible Business Conductတာဝနယမႈရေသာစးပြားေရးလပငနး၏လပေဆာငရမည႔လပငနနးမား
Social Performanceလမႈ႔ေရးဆငရာေဆာငရြကခကမား
Sustainabilityေရရညတညတခငၿမျခငး
Creating Shared Value အကးအျမတခြေဝအသးချခငး
Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business focusses on these elements:
Compliance i.e. obeying the law
Which bit of this is ‘CSR’ (Corporate Social Responsibility)?
Respects human rights လ႔အခြငအေရးမားကေလးစား
Respects its employees ၎၏အလပသမားမားကေလးစား
Respects the environment သဘာ၀ပါတ၀နးကငကေလးစား
Treats other businesses responsibly အျခားစးပြားေရးမားကတာ၀နယမႈ၊ တာ၀နသမႈျဖငဆကဆ
Treats its customers responsibly ၎၏ Customer (ေစး၀ယသ ေဖာကသည)မားက တာ၀နယမႈ၊ တာ၀နသမႈျဖငဆကဆ
Obeys the law ဥပေဒကေလးစားလကနာ
Doesn’t pay bribes or tea money လာဘေပးလာဘယ (သ႔) လကဖကရညဖးေပးတာမးမလပ
Pays its taxes အခြနေဆာင
Responds to and engages with stakeholders သကဆငသမားႏင ခတဆကေဆာငရြကမႈ
Transparent ပြငလငးျမငသာမႈရ
100 large Myanmar companies chosen based on 2013/4 top taxpayers lists as a proxy for size
Websites reviewed for content on:Anti-corruption programmesOrganisational transparencyHuman Rights and HSE, including grievance
mechanisms Civil society organisation/public input sought and recent
media reports scanned
2015 rankings
Inviting medium-sized enterprises to volunteer to have their website: Mini Pwint Thit Sa
benchmarked against the 35 questions. 3rd Pwint Thit Sa report – late Aug
2016 MCRB holding workshops with
companies to help them improve their governance:
Anti-corruption programmes (16 March 2016)
Human rights policies (Sept 16 tbc)
Grievance mechanisms (Oct tbc)
Training materials from previous workshops on our website
Rank Country/Territory 2015 Score 2014 Score 2013 Score 2012 Score
146 Congo Republic 23 23 22 26
147 Chad 22 22 19 19
147 Democratic Republic of Congo
22 22 22 21
147 Myanmar 22 21 21 15
150 Burundi 21 20 21 19
150 Cambodia 21 21 20 22
150 Zimbabwe 21 21 21 20
2015 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions IndexMyanmar ranks 147 out of 168 countries in terms of how corrupt the public sector is seen to be. Scores are on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).
Source: http://www.transparency.org/research/cpi
Indicator Myanmar E.Asia/Pacific
All Countries
Bribery incidence (percent of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request)
42.9 38.9 17.2Bribery depth (% of public transactions where a gift or informal payment was requested)
35.4 31.2 13.4Percent of firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials 37.1 29.8 12.6Percent of firms expected to give gifts to secure government contract
32.5 32.5 26.1
Value of gift expected to secure a government contract (% of contract value)
1.0 1.2 1.5Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an operating license 38.9 39.1 14.8Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an import license 53.5 41.6 13.9Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get a construction permit 46.5 48.9 22.3Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an electrical connection
55.8 35.6 16.5Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get a water connection 30.1 32.4 16.3Percent of firms expected to give gifts to public officials "to get things done"
26.8 32.0 18.0Percent of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint 9.3 18.3 33Percent of firms identifying the courts system as a major constraint 9.2 7.7 14.9
2014 World Bank Enterprise Survey (Corruption Indicators)
Source: www.enterprisesurveys.org/data/exploreeconomies/2014/myanmar
More companies identified corruption as a “very severe obstacle” than any other constraint (2014 UNESCAP Business Survey).
The percentage of companies who see the constraint as a very severe obstacle
OECD-UNESCAP-UMFCCI-Asia FoundationBusiness Survey 2014
Pricing Corruption (UNESCAP Survey)
The 2014 UNESCAP Business Survey asked Myanmar companies about their encounters with bribery:
Source: OECD-UNESCAP-UMFCCI Business Survey 2014
Right to a fair trial တရားမတေသာ ဥပေဒရ အကအညကရရပငခြငRight to adequate health လေလာကေသာ ကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာကမႈ ခယပငခြငRight to adequate food လေလာကေသာ အစားအစာရရမႈRight to adequate housing လေလာကေသာ အမရာေနထငမႈRight to adequate standard of living လေလာကေသာ လေနမႈအဆငအတနးRight to education ပညာေရးRight to family life မသားစဘ၀Right to freedom from discrimination ခြျခားဆကဆေရးမႈမားမ လြတေျမာကျခငး
Right to freedom from forced labour and servitudeမတရားခငးေစခရမႈႏင ကၽြနျပခရျခငးတ႔မ လြတေျမာကျခငး
Right to freedom from torture, or degrading treatmentor punishment
ညငးပနးႏပစကမႈ (သ႔) ႏမခဆကဆခရမႈ (သ႔) အျပစဒဏေပးခရမႈ
Right to freedom of assembly and collective bargaining လြတလပစြာစေ၀းခြင၊ အသငးအဖြမားဖြ႔စညးခြငRight to freedom of movement လြတလပစြာသြားလာႏငမႈRight to freedom of opinion, expression, thought,and religion
လြတလပစြာ ေတြးေခၚႏငခြင၊ ေဖာျပႏငခြင၊ ကးကြယႏငခြင
Right to intellectual property ဥာဏဆငရာပစၥညးမပငခြငRight to life, liberty and security of person အသကရငရပတညခြင၊ လြတလပခြငႏင လျခမႈရခြငRight to own property ပစၥညး၊ ဥစၥာပငဆငခြင
Right to participation in cultural lifeယဥေကးမႈ၊ ရးရာဓေလႏငဆငေသာ အေလအထမားတြငပါ၀ငခြငရမႈ
Right to take part in government အစးရလပငနးမားတြင ပါ၀ငႏငခြင
Right to work and to just and favourable conditions atwork
အလပလပပငခြငႏင သငတငေလာကပတေကာငးမြနေသာ လပငနးခြင (လျခေရးႏငကနးမာေရး)
1. State duty to protect ႏငငေတာ၏ကာကြယရနတာ၀န
2. Corporate responsibility to respect
စးပြားေရးလပငနးၾကးမား၏ေလးစားလကနာရနတာ၀န
◦ Act with due diligence to avoid infringement
◦ ထခကနစနာမႈမား၊ အခြငအေရး ခးေဖာကမႈမားက ေရာငၾကဥရန
ၾကတငစမးစစ၊ ကာကြယတားစးျခငးမားလပေဆာငရန
◦ Address negative impacts
သကေရာကထခကမႈမားကေျဖရငးရနလအပမႈ
3. Access to remedy ျပနလညေကာငးမြနေအာငျပျပငျခငး /
ထခက နစနာမႈမားက ကစားျခငးမားကလကလမးမမႈ
Professor John Ruggie, Special Representative to the United Nations Secretary General, 2005-2011
Company doesn’t appoint pregnant women
ကမၸဏမ သားဖြားမညအမးသမးမားက အလပမချခငး။
Company terminates contract of trade union representatives
ကမၸဏမ အလပသမား အဖြ႔အစညး ကယစားလယမားအားစာခပဖကသမးျခငးမား
Company’s waste water pollutes farmland
ကမၸဏမ ေရဆး စြန႔ပစမႈမားသည လယယာမားကပကစးထခကျခငး
Company sells unsafe food products to consumers
ကမၸဏမ စတမခရေသာ အစားအစာမားက သးစြသမားထေရာငးချခငး
Examples of direct involvement in human rights abuse မေကာငးမြနေသာ ဥပမာအခ႕ - တကရကပါဝငျခငး
1. Mining company contracts private security guards who sexually harass women of the community
1. သတတးေဖာေရးလပငနးကမၸဏမ ငားယထားေသာအေစာငမားသည ရပရြာမ အမးသမးမား ကလငပငးဆငရာေစာကားမႈမားျပလပျခငး
linked to violation of right to personal security, women´s rights
အမးသမးမားအခြငေရးျဖစေသာ ကယပငလၿခ ခြငရရမႈကဆကႏြယေနသည။
2. Garment company buys fabric from a supplier who uses child labour
2. ကေလးလပသားမားအသးျပေသာခညထညကနၾကမးထတသမားထမ အကၤ စကရမားကဝယယျခငး။
linked to violations of children rights ကေလးမားအခြငအေရးက ခးေဖာကမႈျဖင ဆကႏြယေနသည။
3. Internet company provides government with private messages political opponents send on email which leads to their arrest
3. အငတာနကကမၸဏမ အစးရသ႔ အတကအခေခါငးေဆာငမားထမ သတငးအခကအလကမားကေထာကပေပးၿပး အထနးသမးခရေစျခငး။
complicit in violation of freedom of thoughts, expression, arbitrary arrest
လြတလပစြာေတြးေခၚျခငး၊ ထတေဖာေျပာဆျခငးႏငအာဏာရငဆန ဖမးစးမႈမားက ပါဝငႀက စညျခငးျဖစသည
ကမၸဏမ အလပသမားမားက အလပေပးျခငးႏင လပအားခေကာငးေကာငးေပးျခငး◦ Company provides employment and fair wages to workers
ကမၸဏမ အလပသမားမားႏင မသားစမားကကနးမာေရးေစာငေရာကေပးျခငး◦ Company provides health care service for workers and their family
ကမၸဏမလပငနးအသစတစခစတငရနရပရြာလထ၏ အထငအျမငကသရရနႀကတငသတငး ေပးျခငး◦ A company informs the community about a new project and seeks the views of the community
ကမၸဏမ ဓါတေဗဒပစၥညးမပါေသာ အစားအေသာကမားက ဝယယသမားတတႏငေသာ ေဈးျဖငေရာငးခေပးျခငး◦ A company produces and sells organically grown food at an accessible price to consumers
ကမၸဏမေဈးႏႈနးသကသာေသာ အငတာနကသးစြႏငရန ေထာကပေပးျခငး။◦ A company provides affordable internet access
Some examples of positive contribution to human rights by business ဥပမာမား - လ႕အခြငအေရးမားအတြက ေကာငးမြနေသာလပေဆာငခကမား
Indigenous Peoples’ rights ဌာေနတငးရငးသားမား အခြင႔အေရး
Children’s rights ကေလးသငယမား အခြင႔အေရး
Women’s Rights အမးသမးမား အခြင႔အေရး
People with disabilities မသနစြမးသမား အခြင႔အေရး
Migrant workers ေရႊ႔ေျပာငး အလပသမားမားအခြင႔အေရး
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