()

() 5 4-1

() 1 000 175 0006 000110 1684()1 1760()2 1760190014024 190019545446 195419691568 1969198213810 200012.954-1

() 11(1949 1957)301 311 ()() 1958196118.02196025.434.6 196219731226.78.925.61962196519661973 1973197419841013.69

() () 19495.414 19952.11

()

/ / /1953 36.3 59.3 4.41964 40.4 56.1 3.51982 33.6 61.5 4.91987 28.7 65.8 5.5 1990 27.7 63.71 8.59 2000 22.89 70.15 6.964-2 1953 19641982 1990 4-2

() 1953107.61964105.51982106.31990106.62000106.74

4-3 1935

4-3 2090

4-4 (1995)20009 2569 0798 6428 3297 4386 7446 4406 0285 9864 6774 4894 2884 2384 1403 6893 6053 5253 4713 2973 0902 7282 5622 3762 2281 925 30. 6781 674 31. 5621 382 32. 5181 001 33. 262787 34. 44

()() 19495 765208019822.1521.13%200036.1199049.86 194919536.0819826.6719908.0420008.41()

305 1644.9 5199015.8819906.72 2000103 61111 14633 96135 701() 4-5 4-6 10

/ LUCCland use/cover change

LUCC 4-7 LUCC

4-8

400 mm90 938560 400mm

4-4

() 1.33108 hm22.2108 hm20.8108 hm20.11108 hm20.27108 hm20.67108 hm20.27108 hm25.65108 hm272.258.8 / /%

12.0 1/3 (45) 1.72 1/3 ( 5.5) 2.21 1/7 (15.5) 4.75 2/5 (11.4)

1990

1.39hm2 14.6% 25% 75% 0.34hm2 3.5% 1.70hm2 17.9% 32% 90% 1.13hm2 12.59% 3.80hm2 40.1% 33% 88% 0.27hm2 2.79% 0.34108 hm2 8.922.568.6

130.07108 hm20.09108 hm20.07108 hm20.12108 hm24-9

() 0.6108 hm20.56108 hm26.35.8 0.46108 hm24.8 200200104 t

()

() 9138 4-10

1. 2.

3.4. ;

5.6. ()()

7.8.

9.

() 2000 2000256251

4-11 4-12 4-13 ()

() 200085 1185 086.8108 m320 000 hm22425 501.32104 hm217 935.23104 kW2 431.35108 kWh27104 km3 959.5104 hm24.66 108 61104 km2 4-14 1950

() 4-15

() 9 600 108 m32.68108 kW1.97 108 kW531. 2. 3.4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9. 4-16

1954401025 4.81 222108 m3 7 000510104 kW5 1 600104 kW271.5104 kW157104 kWh 175 m185 m393108 m3221108 m31 768108 kW840108 kWh

() 563108 m34 054104 kW2 800104 kW16108 t35 kgm3 -17

5324104 kW156108 kWh3010104 km280104 hm2510104 hm2

270108 m3200

()19495 308298108 m320320108 m3160 km80104 hm2730104 hm2 19104 km28104 km2611108 m34-18

4-19

() () 4-20 1 900265108 m332191108 m3 2050 80 640104 hm2

()() 340104 km2351108 m390 370394108 m3200104 kW120104 kW65104 hm210 000 111 160104 kW628108 kWh

13 880108 m31 720108 m3

()() () ()

4-21

1 150 km88108 m3160104 hm2192108 m380108 m3280104 hm2 100108 m31 241 km65104 hm2230108 m3160104 hm2 3 170108 m3100 km 2500 km 33 000

2.

12 34

() 4514.64114.46159219964 031.8420003 928 141.7726.1359.44

2 3

() () 11109863 224.3119.7817.8717.19 3

199613.16108 t13.88108 t19786.28108 t5.7108 t2200112.1108 t 4-5

1978 62 770 70.3 23.7 2.9 3.1 57 144 70.7 22.7 3.2 3.41980 63 735 69.4 23.8 3.0 3.8 60 275 72.2 20.7 3.1 4.01985 85 546 72.8 20.9 2.0 4.3 76 682 75.8 17.1 2.2 4.91990 103 942 74.2 19.0 2.0 4.8 98 703 76.2 16.6 2.1 5.1 1991 104 844 74.1 19.2 2.0 4.7 103 783 76.1 17.1 2.2 4.91996 131 557 74.8 17.1 1.9 6.2 138 811 75.0 17.5 1.6 5.92001 121 000 68.0 20.2 3.4 8.4 132 000 67.0 23.6 2.5 6.9 1995 1 130 000 27.2 40.1 23 2.5

() 199513.61108 t43.929.98194991200111.61108 t

3234-22

1.3.2. 4.3 1() 24 38

4-23

() 19951.50108 t4.95194927520011.64108 t303.29108 m3 2019765 0004-24 1.

2.

1 2 3

143 248 341 3.

() 19952108 kW11012 kWh7.75194925220001.36 1012 kWh 100104kW21.7100104kW18412104kW

65.29

81.0918.91

4-25

()

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

2(2.21t/1 000GDP)(0.16t1 000GDP)13.8

3CH4SO2CO2

449%26%37%51%

() 194912.625.81952349200195 448.98274194912.6199351.7200144.4

1949 1957 1978 1985 1996 2001

104t 15.8(26) 535(9) 3 178(5) 4679(4) 10 124.06(1) 15 163.44 (1) 108t 0.32(9) 1.31(5) 6.18(3) 8.72(2) 13.97(1) 11.61 (1) 104t 12(27) 146(23) 10 405(8) 12 490(6) 15 733.39(5) 16 395.87 108kWh 43(25) 193(13) 2 566(7) 4 107(5) 10 813.10(2) 14 808.02 (2) 104t 66 686(8) 6 524(4) 14 595(1) 49 l18.90(1) 66 103.99 (1) 104t 0.6 15.1(33) 869.3(3) 1 322.2(3) 2 809.04(2) 3 383.01 (1) 104t 0.02(26) 28.5(7) 94.8(4) 375.45(2) 841.38 (2) 108m 18.9 50.5(3) 110.3(1) 146.7(1) 209.10(1) 290.00 (2) 104t 20 86 227(8) 45l(6) 640.20(4) 653.10 (3) 104 0.02 51.7(8) 1 667.7(3) 3 541.81(1) 4 093.70 (1)4-6 195019601958

() 1978 1979 1949 1952 1957 1978 1984 1988 1995 1996 2001

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.6 64.5 55.0 43.1 47.4 47.2 42.8 43.0 39.4 56.4 45.8 29.5 32.3 32.3 28.9 28.7 24.7 8.1 9.2 13.6 15.1 14.9 13.9 14.3 14.7 26.4 35.5 45.0 56.9 52.6 52.8 57.2 57.0 60.6 5.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 6.4 6.6 5.6 15.2 17.9 20.2 19.1 20.4 23.3 22.1 24.5 14.9 20.5 29.9 26.8 26.4 27.6 28.3 30.5

4-7

() (19491978)1978 (1979) 7 ()()

() 194916195213519783 17820011.52

4-26

4-27

() 4 4-28

()

() 200143 49925.421 603.5422.63 4-29

() 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

197820014 8243 084.248 990.25

() 2001532.4104 t 34.3t60.2104 t 168.1104 t 24-30

() 1979 200186 70537 636.93 2080 11

52001194918.8104km402.4104km20.4 7.01104 km(1.69104 km) 169.8104 km 12.15104 km 155.36104 km(51.69104 km) ()2.76104 km 1 772(527)

4-8 200138.324.1()13.4104 km78.719 400 km1 031

() 4-31

6 (1 2 3 4 5 6

7 1 2() 3 4 5 6 7

() 4-9

() 44-32

() ()

1(101)2(201)3(301)70

1984(19km)19963 422 km10200119 400 km

()() 702 813 km 200114.26108 t11.9420011 7725275 000104 t

() () 20011 1431341 009427471 031 3030

4-33

1949199672 496547.7104 km11 569998 2871 342.04194913.977 576.81.6263.31 383200157136659.53104 km4 556.26 23

1 2 3 4 5

207030 1994GDP3.786.4 19954 500197824.87, 560197824.39800197810.4480197830.42 20018 9011122.64177.92 197841200076

1. 2. 3.

4-10 1993 128 107 8620 400 100400 100 1530 1225 1020 25 1580 1275 860 30,80 GDP 10 8 6 GDP25 GDP 20 20 20 GDP35 100/6000 80/5000 60/4000 2 6565 6055 5550 /km-2

() 4-11 .2000 ()

() 1. 4-12 (19782000)

. . . ////(104 km2)960.066613629814.244.728024529.236.854412356.618.5200100~20050~10020~5020112344195393611219017054.547.847.746.243.228227413918.234.850.037.935.4341318427.317.42.315.921.4 /20 779.1210 688.251.47 032.3133.83 058.6114.8 4-13 1996

4-34 2000

() 4-14

4-35

() 4-15 1.16

()

1 2 3 4 5BOT() 1 2 3 4 5 6

()

1 2 3 4 5