အလင္းအိမ္မဂၢဇင္း အတြဲ (၆) အမွတ္ (၂)

1

11111 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(2)

jrefrmouU&mZf 13&4 / wefaqmifrkef;v

2006 ckESpf/ {+yDv wGifpwifxkwfa0onf?

2


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3


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4


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5


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tm%m&SifpepfrSefor# usqHk;ap&rnf? tvif;tdrf &Jabmfrsm;

6


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(jrm;ewfarmif/ 1997 'DZifbm rS)

7


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(a=uGvGifhcJhaom ESif;qDeDwyGifhodkŒ )

(cifrrrsdK; azhpfbkwfrS)

8


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( EG,feDr*~Zif; wGJ²21/ trSwf²4/ pufwifbm 2012 rS)

9


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jzpfae}uyHku

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(ra[oD28 ESpfjynfh trSwfw& pmtkyfrS)

10

1 01 01 01 01 0 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(2)

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(D Chit Myo Facebook r r r r r SS SS S)

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'DcspfrsdK;5/ 9/ 1989

11


*smr%DrSm[pfwvmr&Sdawmhbl; ?

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rsKd;wkH;aysmufuG,foGm;rSmyg tcspf&,f ....?

atmi fbndK

(EG,feDr*~Zif; wGJ 21/ trSwf 4/pufwifbm 2012rS)

aumv[vtvGrf;

12


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ppf&efvif;

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13


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tjzpftysufawGudkwdk;wufw,fvdk@ }udK&rvm;²²²acwfysufw,fvdk@ idk&rvm;²²²? ?

armi fygv15 / 10 /2012

(armifygv azhpfbkwfrS)

14


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csif;wGif;a c: oH

15


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16


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17


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18


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(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

19


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20


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21


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(ae@opf rD'D,mrS)

22


umwGef;

23


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24


AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZm armfuGef;pmrsufESm

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZm1919 - 2012

25


pmrsufESm

Armhwyfrawmfukd pwifwnfaxmif&mwGif yg0ifcJhaom &JabmfokH;udsyf0if /wdkif;+ynfESifhvlrsKd; vGwfvyfa&; ESifh vGwfa+rmufa&; twGuf rw&m;rSKrSefor#ukd

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AkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZm ( 1919 - 2012 ) uG,fvGef+cif; twGufrdom;pkESifhtwl txl;0rf;enf;a=uuGJrda=umif; ESifh

wkdif;+ynftwGuf wefzkd;r+zwfEkdifaom qkH;&SKH;rSKwck +zpfa=umif;rSwfwrf;wif armfuGef;xkd; *g&0 +yKtyfygonf?

tvif;tdrf&Jabmfrsm;

AkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm uG,fvGefjcif;twGuf 0rf;enf;a}uuGJrSK rSwfwrf;

26


ordkif;wauGŒrS &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZm

&JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifrsm;teuf ,ae@wdkifouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaeaom &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if(2) OD;rSm AdkvfrSL;&JxGÉfESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZmwdk@jzpfonf?

AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfaZm. trnf&if;rSm udka&$jzpfonf? &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifrsm; jzpf=uonfh udkxGef;&Sdef (Adkvf&efEdkif)/ udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s)/ udkvS(Adkvfrif;a&mif) wdk@uJhodk@ udka&$onf ausmif;om;tzGJŒrSjzpfonf? ausmif;om;tzGJŒqdkaomfvnf; pifppf ,if;wdk@onfq&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfrd_if;. wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk; =oZmcHrsm;om jzpf=uonf? udka&$onf*syefppfynmoifwef;wufpOfu *syef trnfrSm "wmeD*kcsd&SiftdcsD" (Taniguchi Shinichi)

jzpfonf?xdkif;EkdifiH befaumuf+rdKŒwGif AdkvftrnfcH,l&mwGif AdkvfausmfaZmjzpf vmonf?

AdkvfausmfaZmudk om,m0wDc&dkif oHk;q,f+rdKŒ qdkif;pk&GmwGif 1919 ckESpf 'DZifbmv 3 &uf(ausmf+idrf;. &JabmfoHk;usdyf pmtkyfpm rsufESm 139 Y 1918 Edk0ifbm 30 &uf[lIaz: jyxm;onf?) Y tzv,form;}uD;OD;yef;/ trda':wifwdk@rS zGm;jrifcJhonf? arG;csif; 6a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf?

oef;0i f;vd_i f

27


i,fpOfu oHk;q,f+rdKŒESifh qdkif;pk&Gmt=um;&Sd &Gmr&Gm jrefrmrlvwef;ausmif;/anmif0dkif;rlvwef;ausmif;/ oHk;q,f+rdKŒtm&fpDtrf ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf?,if;aemuf &efukefodk@ajymif;a&$Œ I &efukef+rdKŒ jrLeDpDy,ftxufwef;ausmif;rS jrefrm(10)wef;atmifjrifcJ honf? [dkuf,m;*&dwfac: q&mjzpfoifwef;wufaeqJrSmyifausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;rSL;vkyfcJhonf? 1938 wwd,ausmif;om;oydwfwGifudka&$wdk@. q&mjzpfoifausmif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;u twGif;0efrsm; ¶Hk;0ifayguf/xGufaygufrsm; ydwfI oydwfwm;cJh=uonf? ,if;aemuf oHk;q,f+rdKŒodk@jyefI rlvwef;jyq&m0ifvkyfcJhonf?

om,m0wDwGif wdk@Armtpnf;t&Hk;0if ocifrsm;vma&mufa[majympOfocifcifatmifESifh awGŒqHk&if;ESD;+yD; udka&$udk pifay:wif ay;ojzifh pwifa[majymjzpfcJhonf?xdk@aemuf &efukefodk@jyefvmum q&mr}uD;a':rrxHwGif t*Fvdyfpmoif,lcJhonf? 1941ckESpf {+yDwGif ppf&Jabmfavhusifha&;wm0efcHudk!dKESifhawGŒqHk+yD; t*Fvdyfudkwdkuf&ef *syefodk@ppfynmoifoGm;rnfh rsKd;cspfvli,frsm;ESifh twlvdkuf&ef wdkufwGef;onfhtwGuf ocifjrESifhqufoG,f+yD; *syefodk@ ppfynmoif&ef apv$wfonf?

&JabmfoHk;usdyf 'kwd,tokwfjzpfaom ocifpdk; (Adkvfjrifhatmif)/ ocifapmvGif(Adkvfrif;acgif)/ ocifoef;wif-2 (Adkvfjr'if)/ udkatmifodef; (Adkvf&JxGÉf)/ ocifxGef;a&$(Adkvfvif; ,kef) wdk@ESifhtwl udkif¶_drm¶l; (Kaisho Maru) oabFmjzifh jrefrmEdkifiHrS 1941{+yD 13 wGif xGufcGmcJhonf? 1941 {+yD (28) wGif *syefEdkifiH tdkqmum+rdKŒodk@ a&muf&SdcJh+yD;xdkrSwqifh wdkusKd+rdKŒodk@ av,mOfjzifh xGufcGmcJhonf? wdkusKdrSwqifh [dkifeefuGsef;odk@ 1941ar (10) wGif a&muf&SdcJhonf? [dkifeefusGef;wGif zGifhvSpfxm;aom pef;, ppfynmoifausmif;ESifh xdkif0rfuíef;wdk@wGif wdkufcdkufa&;oifwef;rsm; wufa&mufcJhonf?

xdk@aemuf 1941 'DZifbm 26 wGif xdkif;EdkifiH befaumuf+rdKŒ&Sd jrefrmvlrsKd; rsufpdukq&m0ef}uD; OD;xGef;az aetdrfY &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifrsm; vufarmif;aoG;azmufum opPmt"dÏmefjyK&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? ,ifaemuf &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifrsm; AdkvftrnfcH,l&m AdkvfausmfaZm jzpfvmonf? &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifrsm;. AdkvfbGJŒrsm;udk q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfrd_if;urSnfhay;cJhonf[k qdkonf?

1942 Zefe0g&D 11 wGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtdkifat) ppfXmecsKyfESifharmfv+rdKifppfa=umif;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; csDwufI +AdwdoSse,fcsJŒwdk@udk wdkufcdkufcJhonf?1942 Zlvdkif 27 wGif bDtdkifatudkzsufodrf;I ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) jyefvnf zGJŒpnf;aomtcg Adkvf}uD;tqifhjzifh wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1944 =o*kwf 4 rS 7xd yJcl;+rdKŒ Armhwyfrawmf pHjywyf&if;&Sd AdkvfausmfaZm aetdrfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS udk,fpm;vS,focifpdk;wdk@ vSsKdŒ0SufawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;+yD; zufqpfwdkufzsuf

28


a&;tzGJŒzGJŒ&ef oabmwlnDcJhonf?1944 =o*kwf 12 wGif Armhwyfrawmfa cgif;aqmift&m&Sd}uD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;odk@

wufa&mufcJhonf? 1945 pufwifbm (4) wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifaomjrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJŒ oD[kdVfuGsef;(,ckoD&dvuFmEdkifiH) uEMD+rdKŒodk@oGm;a&muf&mY tzGJŒ0iftjzpf vdkufygcJhonf?

1945 'DZifbm 15 wGif ArmhwyfrawmfY 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif ajrmufydkif;wdkif; wdkif;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1949 azaz:0g&D4 wGif awmifydkif;wdkif; wdkif;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmuf&GufcJhonf? 1952 wGif jrefrmppfrpf&Sif 'kwd,tzGJŒacgif;aqmiftjzpf t*Fvef/ jyifopf/ qGpfZmvef/ b,fvf*sD,rf/ aemfa0;/qGD'ifESifh ,l¶dkqvm;AD;,m; EdkifiHrsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf?

1953 wGif ajrmufydkif;wdkif; wdkif;rSL;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhonf?ArmhwyfrawmfwGif AdkvfrSL;csKyftqifhxd wm0ef xrf;&GufcJhonf?1954 rwf 2 wGifjrefrmhajrodk@ usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmaom w&kwfjzLudkrifwef (Kuomintang) wyfrsm;udkbk&ifh aemifppfqifa&;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ 1955 rwf 7 wGif w¶kwfjzLwyfrsm;udk &ef}uD;atmifppfqifa&;jzifhvnf;aumif; udk,fwdkifOD;pD; uGyfuJI wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;cJhonf? 1955pufwifbmvwGif ppfbufcspf=unfa&; rdwfquftzGJŒ0iftjzpf w&kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufvnfywfcJhonf?

ArmhwyfrawmfrS 1956 Zefe0g&D 6 wGif atmifrmCxdk;ppfqifE$JpOf AuyXmecsKyfodk@ &Jabmf}uD;jrifhESifh AdkvfausmfaZmwdk@ ay;ydk@aom ppfa&;xdyfwef;vSsKdŒ0Suf owif;rsm;yg&Sdonfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk odrf;qnf;rdcJhonf[kqdkum 1957 azaz0g&D 13 &ufae@ygpmtrSwf 20 &mxl; (15) 57 t& 1957 rwf 6 wGif wyfrawmfrS 'kAdkvfrSL;}uD;tqifhodk@avSsmhcsI t+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cH&onf? atmifrmC ppfa&;qdkonfrSm yckuULc&dkiftwGif;&SdAuyygwDXmecsKyfudk xdk;ppfqifaom ppfa&;jzpfonf?

,if;ESifhywfoufI AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZmu ol. udk,fa&;twKywWdaygif;csKyfpmtkyfrS pm 194 wGif atmufygtwdkif; a&; om;xm;onf?

"xdk (atmifrmC) ppfqifa&;twGif; Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDXmecsKyfrS pm&Gufpmwrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;odrf;qD;rd&m xdktxJwGif OuUÏocifoef;xGef;. xdyfwef;vSsKdŒ0SufzdkifwGJ wpfwGJyg&Sdonf? xdkzdkifwGJwGif yg&SdaompmtcsKdŒrS tcsuftvufrsm;t& ocifoef;xGef;xH uíefawmf ua&;ay;onf[k xif&aom ta=umif;t&mrsm;yg&Sdae&m xkdudpPudkta=umif;jyKI uíefawmf hudk t}uD;tus,f ta&;,l&ef wyfwGif;wyfjyif&Sd qdk&S,fvpfrsm;pDpOf=uygawmhonf?

Tae&mwGif uíefawmfESifh xdkacwfxdktcsdefu EkdifiHa&;ZmwfcHkrsm;wGif ta&;ygpGm

29


a&muf&Sdaeolrsm;t=um; qufqHa&;udk a&;ygOD;rnf? xdktcsdefumv 1956 ckESpfonfqdk&S,fvpfrsm;u wyfwGif;wyfjyif =oZmv$rf;rdk;a&; t}uD;tus,f }udK;pm;aer_ t&Sdef&aecsdefESifhvnf; wdkufqdkifaeygonf? olwdk@onf jyifytEW&m,fjzpfonfh w¶kwfjzLwdkufa&;xufjynfwGif;ppfudkom tav;ay; tjyKwfwdkufcsifolrsm; jzpf=uonf? jynfolvlxk Edk;=um;+yD;awmif;qdkvGef;Iom (wzufuvnf; Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu az:xkwf zGifhcsaeIom)w¶kwfjzLwdkufa&;udk vkyf=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdkwdkufyGJrsm; t&SdefESifh uíefawmf =oZm}uD;rm;vmr_udkvnf; olwdk@pdk;&drf ae=uonf?

wyfwGif;rS qdk&S,fvpfygwD qef@usifonfh wyfrSL;rsm;vnf;&Sd&m uíefawmf ESifhylaygif;pnf;&Hk;rd+yD; olwdk@qdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk tmcHacgif;rm vm=urSmvnf; pdk;&drf=uonf?t"durSm qdk&S,fvpfrsm;taeESifh wdkif;jynfudk 4if;wdk@pdwf}udKufcs,fvS,fvdk=u&mwGifwyfrawmfudk yxrqHk; olwdk@pdwf}udKuf tkyfpD;Edkifzdk@&mrSm ql;ajimifhcvkwfjzpfaom uíefawmfhudk z,f&Sm;ypfzdk@vkdavonf?

uíefawmf TuJhodk@wyfrS xkwfypfa&;udk yk*~Kdvfa&;t& t"du}udK;pm;}udK;udkifol(3) OD; (OD;ausmf +idrf;/ Adkvfatmif}uD;/ Adkvfae0if;) wdk@ &Sdygonf?

qdk&S,fvpfygwDrS OD;ausmf+idrf;on f wavSsmufvHk; uíefawmf hudk owdjzifhapmifh=unfhcJhygonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;onf uíefawmfhudk ol. qdk&S,fvpfygwDwGif; a&mufatmif rsm;pGmtm;xkwfvHk;yef; }udK;pm;cJhygonf? qdk&S,fvpfygwDrSm jynfolwdk@. tusKd;udk aqmif&Gufzdk@xuf uGefjrLepfygwDqef@usifa&;/ tjyKwfwdkufa&;udkom t"duvkyfaeaomygwDjzpf&m(t"du 4if;wdk@ udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;udkom vkyfae&m) uíefawmf htaeESifh wdkif;jynfESifh jynfol@rsufESmraxmufbJ rdrdw0rf;wpm;twGuf qdk&S,fvpfygwD0if rvkyfEdkifay?

OD;ausmf +idrf;taeESifhuvnf; uíefawmf. jyif;jyaom jynfcspfpdwf/ tusifhpm&dwW/oDv/ &mxl;pnf;pdrfrrufarmr_ pwmawGudk=unfh+yD; olodrf;oGif;Edkifrnfhol r[kwf¶kHruol@a&SŒa&; &nfrSef;csufudkyg aESmifh,SufEdkifol[k jrifaeojzifh xdkzdkifwGJudpP ay:vmaomtcgwyfwGif; qdk&S,fvpfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;+yD; wuf=uGpGm uíefawmf hudk ta&;,l vkyfaqmifvmjcif;jzpfygonf?

Adkvfatmif}uD;rSm EdkifiHa&;xuf yk*~dKvfa&;&mxl;twGufyg uíefawmf hudk qef@usifojzifh tvGefjyif;xef+yD; uíefawmfhtay: yk*~dKvfa&;t&vnf; tvGefrkef;wD;ygonf? uGsefawmfwyfwGif;&Sdaeoa&GŒ ol@taeESifh uíefawmf hudkausmfum xdyfa&mufaezdk@ rjzpfEdkifyg? Adkvfae0if;rSm uíefawmfhudk *syefacwfuwnf;u rvdkvm;/ rESpfrsKdŒaomfvnf; vufawGŒxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;&Sdygonf? (Adkvfae0if;onf wyfwGif; qdk&S,fvpfrsm;teuf 4if;.udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh ywfoufvmvSsif tvGefvufawGŒuspGm pOf;pm;Edkifol jzpfonf?)

wdkif;jynfwGif ppfwyfuxrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0ef}uD;rsm; ay:aygufvmygu

30


ol@wGiftm;udk;zdk@r&Sday? oludk,fwdkifu bmrSpGrf;&nf&Sdol r[kwf? ol@qkd&S,fvpf wyfrSL;rsm;uvnf; tm;rudk;&? ta&;ta=umif;qdku uíefawmfhudkac:+yD; wm0efay;&? uíefawmfuvnf; wcgrSsrjiif;qdk? ac:+yD; wm0efay;orSs wm0efausyGefatmif xrf;aqmifcJh?wcgrSvnf; &mxl;udpP/ udk,fa&;udpP rawmif;qdkzl;? xdktcsufrsm;a=umifh uíefawmfhudkwyfrawmfrS xkwfypfa&;txdawmh olutpydkif;wGif rvdkvm;cJhyg? odk@aomf aemufydkif;uíefawmfh=oZmt&Sdef wufvmaomtcg olvnf; Adkvfatmif}uD;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;+yD;uíefawmfh xkwfypfa&;udk wuf=uGpGm vkyfvmygawmh onf?

Tolrsm;tjyif OD;EkESifh OD;AaqG (xkdtcsdefu 0ef}uD;csKyfvkyfaeol) wdk@vnf;uíefawmfhudk rvdkvm;=ubJ jzpfaeygonf? xdk@a=umifh olwdk@uvnf; xdkzdkifudpPay:vmaomtcg uíefawmfhudk z,f&Sm;ypf&ef vkdvm;yHk&ygonf " [lI a&;om;xm;avonf?

1960 azaz:0g&D (6) wGif usif;yaomygvDref jynfol@v$wfawmf taxGaxGa&;aumufyGJY woD;yk*~v trwfavmif;tjzpf =unfhjrifwdkif atmufydkif; rJqENe,frS0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m &_H;edrfhcJhonf? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY oef@&Sif; zqyv trwfavmif; ocifpHa0 ta&G;cH&onf?

1961 azaz:0g&D 27 wGif w¶kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ qef@usifa&; trsKd;om;aumfrwD. OuUÏtjzpf wifajrSmufcH&onf? 1963 ckESpf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDESifh awmwGif;vufeufudkiftzGJŒrsm; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; aqG;aEG;yGJ usif;ypOfumvu jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; tzGJŒcsKyf'kwd, OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

1976 Zlvdkif 18 wGif &efukef+rdKŒrS w&kwfEdkifiHodk@ vSsKdŒ0SufxGufcGm+yD; 1976=o*kwfv 10 wGif AuyESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf? 1976 Edk0ifbm (3) wGif Auy A[dkXmecsKyfYppft=uHay;ESifh A[dkppfaumfr&Sif tzGJŒ0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf AuyA[dk ppfOD;pD;Xme A[dkppfaumfr&SifwGif yxr/ 'kOuUÏwm0efrsm;udk xrf;&GufcJhonf?

AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZmonf jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; oabmxm;ESifhvufa&G;pifrdef@cGef;rsm; (1957)/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; (19 59)/ urBmppfESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;(1960)/ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; wdkufyGJrsm; (1961)/ ordkif;rSefuluGufrsm;/ w&m;cHtppfb,folvJ/ rD'D,mavmuESifh tifwmAsL;rsm;/ udk,fwdkifa&; twKywWdaygif;csKyf (2007)wdk@udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf?

AkdvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; ausmfaZmonf jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;r_Y pGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif&GufcJhr_rsm;a=umifh 1955 Zefe0g&D (10) wGif ,l*dk pvm;AD;,m;orRw wD;wdk;.ppfonfawmfaumif; (yxrqifh) ESifh 1959 rwf (27) wyfrawmfae@wGif vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh) wHqdyfwdk@udk csD;jrSifhcH&onf? oef;0i f;vd_i f

(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

31


jynfol@ ausmfaZm/ bausmfaZmtwGufE_wfqufuAsm ylaZmfyghtHh?

e,fcsJ@qef@usif/ wdkkufyGJ0ifol?zufqpf*syef/ awmfvSefcJhol?

usL;ausmfw&kkwf wdkkufxkkwfcJhol?awmfvSefwyfrawmf azmfaqmif&mrSm

OD;aqmifygol?r_dif;eJ@twl 'dkk@jynfv$wfol

acwftqufquf jynfol@zufu vufeufudkkifol?

xdkkolonfum;b0wyg;odkk@ ajymif;oGm;cJhjyD=u,feDtjzpf rdkk;jymjrihfodkk@

vGihfwufoGm;jyD?xdkk=u,feDonf

urBmwnfoa&G@ jrefrmjynftwGuf=u,feDvrf;jy jzpfapownf;?

uAsmq&m 'dkk@oliSmvnf;urBmqufquf b0qufquf

'dkk@bouf&Snf =u,feDeDudkk=unfndKazmfn$ef; armfuGef;uAsma&;onfumvnf; yg&rDjznhfzufawmfvSefzuf[kk &Jbuf &Jabmf

jzpfapaomf?

uG,fvGefol AdkkvfcsKyfausmfaZm odkk h

armi fpGrf;&nf atmufwdkkbm 14 / 2012

(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

32


‘ OD;wif ’ odk h ....OD;wif vdk h uefawmhyef;

i,femrnf " armifa&$ "vlvm;ajrmufvmawmh " udka&$ "

wdk hArmtpnf;t&kH;0if wa,mufjzpfvmawmh " ocifa&$ " aygh ?" udka&$" uae - " ocifa&$" twGif;

t0if;yqkH; *k%ftif[m -&dk;*k%f eJ hrsdK;cspfpdwf

e,fcsJ hqef husifa&;pdwf"gwfeJ howWdaoG;vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;rSK vrf;a}umif;ay:rSm awG hEdkifw,f?

tJ'D&J haemuf*syefudka&muf - [dkifeefa&muf

xdkif0rfzufa&muf xdkif;ajra&mufaoG;azguf opPma&aomufyGJ usif;yt+yD;

&JabmfokH;usdyf}uD;tjzpf uAŠnf;qifordkif;0if armfuGef;wqifh twifrSm

" ocifa&$" [m " AdkvfausmfaZm" jzpfvmw,f ?" ocifa&$" uae " AdkvfausmfaZm" txdtwGif;

t0if;yqkH; *k%fa&mif[mtepfemcHrSK eJ h &J&ifhrSK

acgif;aqmifyDorSK eJ hwdkufZGJrmefzufqpfawmfvSefa&;atmifvH wvlvl}um;uomru

w&kwfjzLusL;ausmfol armif;xkwfa&;vrf;a}umif;rSefay:atmifarmif;oH wnHnH}um;uyg jrifEdkifw,f?

tJ'Daemufppftm%m&Sifpepfatmufu vGwfajrmufa&;

vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;udk qifE$J&if;wlwHpOftvHudk v$ifhwif

oHvGifarmajr wcGifay:rSm

33


" AdkvfausmfaZm" uae " OD;wif" jzpfvmw,f?" AdkvfausmfaZm" uae " OD;wif" txdtwGif;

t0if;yqkH; *k%fa&mif[m&moufyefawmfvSefa&;orm;yDorSK

wnf}unfrSK eJ hjynfcspfpdwfwzdwfzdwf &$ef;vuf

aemufqkH;xGufouftxd jrifae&wb0wmvkH; jynfol hbufu jzpfcJhw,f?

OD;av; a&" ocifa&$" udk av;pm;

" AdkvfausmfaZm" tm; pHerlemwif" OD;wif" udk }unfndKcJhwJh usaemf[m

tckawmhrarhravsmh pdwftvsOfeJ h

" OD;wif " odk hOD;wifvdk@ uefawmhvdkufyg&J@

OD;aomif;wdkufurBm wnfapaom0f ?

0i f;wifhxGef; 10 / 10 / 12 ae hn

( 10 / 10 / 2012 ae hrSm uG,fvGefoGm;&SmwJh &JabmfokH;usdyf0if AdkvfausmfaZmodk h aemufqkH;*g&0 )

(ae@opf rD'D,mrS)

34


Armjynf&J h }u,feD(odk hr[kwf)tawmufyqkH; tvif;tdrf

opPmw&m;wHpOf / wluavmif / aoeuf+idrf;csrf;a&; csKd;jzLcdkifrmaom oHEdMÏmefonf jynfoljzLpifpGm&yfwnfonfhrl ³ ³ ³ olol ³ ³ ³ qdkaomxdktzdk;ysKdtm;OD;n$wf*g&0jyKyg.?

&J+idrf;

(opPm awmfvSefa&;pmay r*~Zif; trSwf 22/ Edk0ifbm/ 2010 rS)

35


uíefawmfwdk@ rdom;pkeJ@ AdkvfcsKyfausmfaZmwdk@rdom;pk[m aqG&if;rsKd;&if;vdkyJ&if;ESD;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh olwdk@u &efukefrSmae/ uíefawmfwdk@u rEWav;rSmaeqdkawmhwpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muf awG@csif&if rdkif 400 c&D;oGm;rS awG@=u&ygw,f? 'gayr,fhuHa=umifhyJ ajym&rvm;/ a&pufa=umifhyJ ajym&rvm;/ OD;av; (uíefawmfu ol@udk tjrJOD;av;vdk@yJ ac:ygw,f) eJ@ tdrfcsif; ay 40 avmuftuGmrSm aecJh&ygw,f?

tJ'g "0" a'o yefqef; (tcktac: yefcrf;) rSmyg?uGefjrLepfygwD&JŒ tJ'Dwkef;u A[dkpcef;[m w¶kwfjynfe,fpyf/ erfhcgacsmif; auG@ywf

pD;qif;oGm;wJh acsmif;tauG@ u awmifapmif;/ awmifxdyfrSm wnf&Sdygw,f? e,fpyfrsOf;utJ'Dacsmif;&JŒtv,f wnfhwnfhrSm jzpfygw,f? tJ'Dpcef;rSm uíefawmfaewJh tcef;eJ@OD;av;wdk@ ZeD;armifESHaewJh tcef;[m ajcvSrf; (20) avmufyJ uGmygw,f? ac:csif&ifatmfac:zdk@awmif rvdkwJh tuGmta0;yg?

tJ'Dvdk umvawGrSm uíefawmf owdjyKrdwJh OD;av; ta=umif;awG a&;yghr,f?

usGefawmfh tdrfeD;em;csif;AdkvfcsKyfausmfaZm

zdk;oH (vlxk)

cdkifrmaom oHEdMÏmefonf jynfol ³ ol

36


OD;av;[m reuf apmapm xvmwmeJ@ rsufESmopf+yD; usef;rma&; avhusifhcef; vkyfygw,f?uíefawmfwdk@ aewJhae&m&JŒatmufrSmu woGifoGif pD;qif;aewJh erfhcgacsmif;xJudkavSsmqif;oGm;wJh awmifcg;yef;av;yg? aemuf+yD; acsmif;&JŒ wpfzufrSmawmh tvm;wlqifajcavSsm awmifcg;yef;eJ@ w¶kwfjynfxJu &Srf;&Gmav;wpf&Gm &Sdygw,f? [dkbufawmifapmif;eJ@ 'Dbufawmifapmif;[m rDwm 3-400 avmuf uGmr,f xifygw,f?tawmfus,f+yD; &Snfvsm; wJh vSsKd=um;acsmif;¶dk; ¶_cif;[m om,mvSyw,fvdk@ ajym&rSmyg?aemuf+yD; avxk[mvnf; oef@&Sif;vSw,f vdk@ ajymEdkifygw,f? OD;av;u tJ'D¶_cif;udkrsufESmrl+yD; reufwdkif; avhusifhcef;vkyfygw,f?

a':a': a':oef;pdef (OD;av;&JŒZeD;)uawmh reufwdkif; bk&m;&Sdcdk;ygw,f? wpf&ufrysufygbl;? a':a':u nrSmvnf; bk&m;&Sdcdk;+yD;rS tdyf&m0ifwmyg? OD;av;[m tJ'Dvdkavhusifhcef;vkyf+yD;&if a,bk,sjzifhawmh reufpm xrif;pm;awmhwmygyJ? tJ'Dwkef;uuíefawmfwdk@ tm;vHk; wpfae@rSm xrif; 2 eyfyJ pm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh reuf 9 em&DavmufrSmwpfeyf/ nae 5 em&D avmufrSm wpfeyf/ 'geJ@ +yD;wmygyJ?

OD;av;u tJ'Dwkef;u A[dkaumfrwD0ifvnf;jzpf/ ppfaumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh OD;av;wdk@vdk acgif;aqmifawG&wJh &duQm[m qefeJ@ qDrSm usefomref&JabmfawG&wJh E_ef;eJ@ twlwl wpfE_ef;xJjzpf+yD; [if;zdk;rSm (ArmaiG) q,fusyfavmufydkygw,f? bmrSrrsm;ygbl;? acgif;aqmifawGvnf; aps;ywfwdkif; (ig;&uf wpfaps;yg) tom;ig;pm;csifrS pm;Edkifwmyg? 'Dawmh aemufwef;pcef;rSm tdrfaxmifawG[m [if;cif;av;pdkuf/=uufarG; vkyf=uygw,f? vlvGwfawGuvnf; bHkpdkufysKd; arG;jrLa&; vkyf=uygw,f?

OD;av;wdk@ tdrfrSmawmh t"dutm;jzifh a':a':u vkyfwmyg? 'gayr,fh OD;av;vnf;tm;&if=uHK&if aygufjym;ayguf a&avmif;/ =uufpmauí; vkyf&ygw,f? =uufarG;w,fqdkvdk@txifr}uD;ygeJ@? rsm;vSrS av;ig;ajcmufaumifyg? tJ'DrSm =uufarG;w,fqdkwmu avSmifrarG;Edkifygbl;? tpm rwwfEdkifygbl;? v$wfarG;&wmyg? 'gayr,fh naeapmif;&if =uufawGudk=uufjcHxJ jyef0ifap&ygw,f? awma=umifu ae@cif;rSmawmif qGJwwfwJh ywf0ef;usifrsKd;yg?'ga=umifh &efolawGudk 0dkif;ywf acsr_ef;cJhwJh uíefawmfh OD;av;wpfa,mufudk wpfcgwavrSmol@ udk,f&H/ ol@ZeD;wdk@eJ@twl =uufawG 0dkif;ywf armif;oGif;aewm/ =uufudk zrf;zdk@ 0dkif;ajcmufay;aewmvnf; awG@&wwfygw,f?

awmfvSefa&;a'o a&mufwJh OD;av;tzdk@ taetxdkif tpm;taomuf tcuftcJ/ ¶kyf0wK tuef@towf&Sdr_/ awmifwuf&wJh tcuftcJ pwmawG[m ol@twGufr_p&mr[kwfygbl;? 'gayr,fh ol vHk;0 rausmfv$m;EdkifwJh tcuftcJwpfck &Sdygw,f? tJ'gubmompum;ygyJ? tpnf;ta0;wpfckvkyf&if bmom 2 rsKd; 3 rsKd;jyef&wJh t&yfa'orSmol@tzdk@ae@pOfvdkyJ 'Djy\emeJ@ &ifqdkif&ygw,f? wpfcgwav ol@ udk,f&H&Jabmfav;eJ@oleJ@

37


pum;raygufvdk@ ajc[efvuf[efawGeJ@ Asmrsm;aewJh OD;av;&JŒyHkudkawG@&if rjyHK;bJ raeEdkifygbl;? olrsm;awGudk tultnD awmif;&ygw,f? 0 &Jabmfav;awG&JŒ Armpum; a&csdefuvnf; tuef@towf&Sdawmh tcuftcJu rao;ygbl;?

tJ'D 0 &Jabmfav;awGu 17 ESpf 18 ESpft&G,fav;awG rsm;ygw,f? tJ'D&Jabmfav;awGudk OD;av;u ol@xHk;pHtwdkif; cg;!$wf+yD; oljzpfcsifwmudk cifAsm;awGuíefawmfawGeJ@ ajymaewwfygw,f? bmompum; jy\ema=umifh OD;av; r=umc%=uHKawG@&wJh aemuftcuftcJwpfcku xrif;pm;yGJ/ {nfhcHyGJawGrSm jzpfygw,f? olrsm;awGuOD;av;udk vl}uD;rdk@ wav;wpm; OD;OD;zsm;zsm; twlt&ufaomufcdkif; (wdk@pfvkyf)&ift&ufraomuf/ aq;vdyfraomufwJh OD;av;crsm 'kuQawG@awmhwmygyJ? jyHK;jyHK; jyHK;jyHK;eJ@tJ'Dvdk jiif;aewJh OD;av;&JŒyHkudku ol@¶dk;om;r_udk azmfjywmrdk@ ol@pum;udk em;rvnfwJhwjcm;vlawGuvnf; jyHK;=u em;vnf=uygw,f?

OD;av;udk trsm;qHk; awG@&wwfwmuawmh ol c&D;rxGuf/ tpnf;ta0;rwufbl;qdk&if ajryHkawG zwfaewm/ pm=unfhaewm/ rSwfpk ul;aewmygyJ? OD;av;udktvum;aewm/ tv[\ tcsdefjzKef;aewm wpfcgrS rawG@zl;ygbl;? OD;av;rSm 0wW&m;wpfckvdkjzpfaewJh udpPwpfckuawmh {nfhcHpum; ajym&wmyg? +rdKŒu awmcdkvmwJh vlawG/0 a'oudk vma&muf=uwJh wjcm;a'oawGu wyfaygif;pk&JabmfawG[m OD;av;udkodyfawG@csif/ pum;ajymcsifygw,f? olwdk@[m OD;av;qDu ar;rukefwJh A[kokwawGudkem;axmifcsif=uwmudk;? 'gayr,fh OD;av;u jyefar;wmuvnf; enf;wm r[kwfbl;?b,ft&yfuvmwJh vlyJjzpfjzpf OD;av;tzdk@ tajctae em;vnf,lEdkifwJh a&aomufjrpfcsnf;jzpfaeygw,f?

aemufqHk;taeeJ@ uae@txd uíefawmfjrifa,mifaewJh OD;av;v_yf&Sm;yHkav;udkajymjycsifygw,f? A[dk¶Hk;pcef;eJ@ wpfrdkifavmufa0;wJh ta&SŒajrmuf ppfa'oXmecsKyfudktpnf;ta0;oGm;wufwJh OD;av;&JŒyHkav;yg? oleJ@ ol@udk,f&H 0 &Jabmfav;/ wpfa,mufuypPwdkcg;csdwf/ pmapmifpmwrf;awG ab;vG,ftdwfxJrSmxnfhvdk@/ aemufwpfa,mufuatau 47 aoewfudk ycHk;rSm vG,fvdk@/ acsmif;¶dk;wpfavSsmuf awmifapmif; vrf;uav;twdkif; ukwfukwf ukwfukwfeJ@ avSsmufoGm;=uwJh jrifuGif;yg? pum;rayguf=uavawmhwpfa,mufeJ@ wpfa,mufvnf; pum;rajymbJoGm;=uwm awmifapmif; tauG@av;rSmuG,foGm;awmhrS jrifuGif;xJu aysmufoGm;ygw,f? olwdk@ ESpfa,muf naeapmif;vdk@jyefvmawmhvnf; 'DyHkygyJ?

pyg;ESHrsm;[m pyg;toD; =uG,f0av !$wfav qdkovdkyJ vlawG[mvnf; wefzdk;&Sdav ¶dk;om; ESdrfhcsavvdk@ qdk&r,f xifygw,f?

zdk;oH (vlxk)

38


ocifxGef;tkyf/ ocifApdefwdk@ OD;;pD;aom wdk@Armtpnf;t¶kH;Y yg0ifcJhaomAdkvfp}uFm. trnf&if;rSm ocifatmifoef; jzpfonf? *syef ppfynmoifwef; wufpOfu*syeftrnfrSm [D&mwmrmqmtdk (Hirata Masao) jzpfonf? xdkif;EdkifiH befaumuf+rdKŒ Y&JabmfoHk;usdyf 0ifrsm; AdkvftrnfcH,l&mwGif Adkvfp}uFm jzpfvmcJhonf?

ordkif;wauGŒrS Adkvfp}um (&JabmfoHk;usdyf)

Adkvfp=umudk 1915 Zlvdkif (1) &uf=umomyaw;ae@wGif rEWav;+rdKŒ Y tzOD;jrwfom/ trd a':oef;wifwdk@rS zGm;jrifcJhonf? arG;csif; (4) OD;wGif ti,fqHk;jzpfonf?arG;csif; tpfudkrsm;rSm OD;oef;ZH/? OD;oef;pdef/OD;jroef;wdk@jzpfonf?

i,fpOfu 'dkiftdkpDZif a,musfm;av; txufwef;ausmif; (Diocesan Boy’s

High School) ESihf &efukefpdefaygausmif;(txu 6 Adkvfwaxmif) wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? pdefaygausmif;rS 10 wef;atmif+yD;aemuf tpdk;& aq;ynmoifausmif;wGifaq;ynmrsm; oif=um;cJhonf?

xdk@aemuf aq;ausmif;rS ausmif;r+yD;rSDxGufI wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;odk@ 0ifa&mufI EdkifiHa&; aqmif&GufcJhonf? ocifatmifoef;onf 1938 Zefe0g&D (1) wGif acsmuf

oef;0i f;vd_i f

a&eHajr tvkyform;xkudk w&m;a[majymI +AdwdoSse,fcsJŒ qef@usifa&; aqmif&Gufr_rsm;a=umihf tzrf;cHcJh&onf?

1938 Edk0ifbmwGif wdk@Arm tpnf;t¶kH; ESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;aomtcg ocifApdef/ocifxGef;tkyfwdk@ OD;pD;aom wdk@Arm tpnf;t¶kH;bufodk@ vdkufygoGm;cJhonf?

1940 jynhfESpf ZGefv 10 &ufae@wGif *sLAvDa[mY ocifApdef/ ocifxGef;tkyf/ocifatmifoef; (Adkvfp=um)/ ocifcspfwif/ ocifarmif wdk@onf *syefoGm;pdkufq&mrpPwmudkbkkESihf vSsKdŒ0SufpGm awGŒqHkum jrefrmvGwfvyfa&;twGuf *syefEdkifiHrS tultnD&&efaqG;aEG;cJhonf?

ocifxGef;tkyf/ ocifApdef wdk@Armtpnf;t¶kH;u ocifatmifoef;tm;*syefESihfqufoG,f&ef ,dk;',m; (xdkif;) EdkifiHodk@apv$wfcJh&m xdkif;EdkifiHodk@ tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;udk ausmfv$m;pGef@pm;I oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1940 jynhfESpf 'DZifbmwGif xdkif;EdkifiH

39


befaumuf+rdKŒodk@ a&muf&SdcJhonf? befaumufwGif *syeftm%mydkifrsm;ESihfqufoG,f+yD;ocifxGef;tkyfxH jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd EdkifiHa&;tzGJŒ oHk;/ av;zGJŒrS vli,f (40) cef@ ppfynmoif=um;&eftwGuf vSsKdŒ0SufpGm apv$wfay;&ef ta=umif;=um;cJhonf? odk@aomf txrajrmufcJhacs?ocifatmifoef; xdkif;EdkifiHodk@ a&muf&Sdaea=umif; rDemrDtzGJŒ OuUÏ AdkvfrSL;}uD;plZluD;(aemifAdkvfrdk; }udK;) od&SdvSsif ppfynmoif=um;&ef [dkifeef;uGsef;odk@ ydk@ay;cJhonf? [dkifeef;uGsef;ESihf xdkif0rfuGsef;wdk@wGif ppfynmrsm;oif=um;cJhonf?

ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtkdifat) ppfXmecsKyfESihf armfv+rdKifppfa=umif;jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; csDwufpOf AdkvfausmfaZm OD;aqmifonhf vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufESihfo,f,lydk@aqmifa&; wyfzGJŒESihftwl csDwufvdkufygcJhonf?

1942 Zlvdkif 27 wGif bDtdkifatudk zsufodrf;I ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) zGJŒpnf; aomtcg 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;}uD;tqihfjzihf ppfOD;pD;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf?

1943 =o*kwf 1 wGifzGJŒpnf;aom jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tzGJŒ ay:aygufvm+yD;aemufArmhumuG,fa&; wyfrawmfppf¶Hk;csKyf AxrOD;pD; Adkvftjzpf xrf;&GufcJhonf? xdk@aemufjrefrmtpdk;&tzGJŒwGif 'kwd,umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; ('kwd,ppf0ef}uD;) tjzpf wdk;jrSihfaqmif&GufcJh&onf?

1944 {+yD 18 wGif *syefEdkifiHqdkif&m wGJzufjrefrmppfoHtrwftjzpf cef@tyfcH&+yD;aemuf vufaxmufppfoHtrwf Adkvfat;aiG ('*kefjrwfav;EG,f) twl*syefEdkifiH wdkusKd+rdKŒodk@apv$wfcJh&m 1944 ar 20 wGif a&muf&SdcJhonf? *syefEdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmppfoHrSL;tjzpf1945 ckESpftxd xrf;&GufcJhonf?

1947 Zefe0g&D 9 &ufae@wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJŒ t*Fvefjynf vef'ef+rdKŒodk@ oGm;a&muf &mwGif twdkifyifcHtjzpf vdkufygoGm;cJhonf?1947 wGif Adkvfp}uFmonf jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;Xme ygvDreftwGif;0eftjzpf cef@tyf cH&onf?

vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;aemuf Adkvfp=umonf 1945 arv 5 &ufae@wGif wnfaxmifcJhaom Armjynfqdk&S,fvpfygwDY 0ifa&mufI EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;aemufzqyvtzGJŒcsKyf. EdkifiHjcm;a&;&m aumfrwDwGif tzGJŒ0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?

1951 ckESpf ZGefv 12 wGif jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd+yD;aemuf yxrqHk;t}udrfygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ycJh&m zqyvtrwf avmif;tjzpf o&ufawmifydkif; rJqENe,frS0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m v$wfawmftrwftjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufcH&onf?

1958 ckESpfwGif zqyvESpfjcrf;uGJaomtcg OD;AaqG/ OD;ausmf+idrf; wdk@OD;pD;aomwnf+rJzqyvwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1960 jynhfESpf azaz:0g&D 6 &ufae@wGifygvDrefjynfol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJh&m wnf+rJzqyv trwfavmif;tjzpf=unhfjrifwdkifawmifydkif; rJqENe,frS 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ¶_H;edrhfcJhonf? ,if;aemuf

40


Armhava=umif;ydk@aqmifa&; ava=umif;ukr%DESihf oD&dp=uFm ukr%Drsm; wnfaxmifvkyfudkifcJhonf?

1965 ckESpfwGif xdkif;EdkifiHodk@ vSsKdŒ0SufxGufcGmoGm;+yD; 1966 atmufwdkbmvwGifxdkif;EdkifiHY trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;aumifpDudk zGJŒpnf;cJh&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1969 =o*kwf6 wGif OD;EktzG JŒ xdkif;Ed kifiHod k@ a&mufvmaomtcg OD;EktzG JŒESih fyl;aygif;cJ honf?

Adkvfp=umonf 1943 ckESpfwGif oxHkZmwd OD;ausmf'if/ a':oef;ar [email protected];a'gufwma':cif vSvSESihf tdrfaxmifjyKI om;ol&def p=uFm/ orD;pENDp=uFm/ om;wm&mp=uFmwdk@xGef;um;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf a'gufwma':cifvSvSESihf tdrfaxmifa&;+ydKuGJ+yD;aemuf 1956wGif yJcl;ol rpP[,fv*Gsefqif ac: ¶kyf&Sifrif;orD; 0if;rif;oef;ESihf 'kwd,t}udrfvufxyfcJh+yD;om; tmump=uFm xGef;um; cJhonf? 0if;rif;oef;onf urBmausmf tar&duefrif;om;*&D*dk&DyufcfESihfwGJum " c&rf;a&mifvGifjyif " trnf&Sd &kduful;cJholjzpfonf? yxr ZeD;jzpfola'gufwma':cifvSvSonf 1958 atmufwdkbmv 10 &ufae@ wGif zdvpfydkifEdkifiHreDvm+rdKŒ Y uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf?

&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfp=uFmonf 1969 pufwifbmv 6 &ufae@wGif xdkif;EdkifiHYESvHk;a&m*gjzihf uG,fvGefoGm;cJhavonf? uG,fvGefcsdefY 'kwd,ZeD; 0if;rif;oef;ESihfom;orD;rsm; usef&pfcJhonf? ,cktcg 'kwd,ZeD;jzpfol a':0if;rif;oef;onf =opa=w;vsEdkifiHY om;jzpfol tmump=uFmESihftwl aexdkifvsuf&Sdonf?

Adkvfp=uFmonf 1959 rwfv 27 wyfrawmfae@Y EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u csD;jrSihfcJhaomvGwfvyfa&; armfuGef;0if ('kwd,tqihf) wHqdyf csD;jrSihfcH&onf?

¶kyf&Sifrif;orD; 0if;rif;oef;/ trnfrod/ AkdvfrSL;}uD;atmifoef; (Akdvfp}uFm)

oef;0i f;vd_i fpufwifbm 11/ 2012(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

41


o}uFef t}udKae@wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS v$wfvdkufonf@ xdef;odrf;cH EdkifiHa&;orm; 33-OD; xJwGif ( avxD;tkef;armif ) wa,mufvnf; yg0ifcJ@acsonf?

zufqpfawmfvSef;a&; twGuf wcs de fu tdEN d,jynfod k @oGm;a&mufcgoufpGef@}udK;yrf;xrf;&Guf cJ@onf@ t&if;ESD;qHk;&Jabmf oHk;OD;rSm ( 1 ) orRw}uD; ref;0if;armif/( 2 ) AdkvfrSL;cspfaumif;( uG,fvGef ) ESif@avxD; tkef;armif wdk@jzpfonf?

olwdk@ 3-OD; oD[dkwGifppftwGif;u tcsufjyynm vufawG@ oif=um;+yD;pD;aomtcgY tdENd, jynf uvwWm;+rdKŒodk@ rD;&xm;jzif@ jyefvmonf? uvwWm;rS rdkif 80-a0;uGmaom *sufqdk;+rdKŒodk@ oGm;a&mufcg avxD;ESif@ qif;&efav@usif@oif=um;&jyefonf?

ajcusdK;udktkef;armifonf twlqif;ouf&ef wGJzufxm;olrsm;ESif@twl zsmyH k

e,fbufwGif qif; ouf&ef twGuf av,mOfjzif@ *sufqdk;uGif;rSwufvmcJ@onf?udktkef;armifwdk@ pD;eif;vmonf@ av,mOfysHonf zsmy@Hke,f yifv,fydkif;odk@ qif;ouf&efa&mufaomtcg ajrjyifrStcsufjyrD;udk rjrifojzif@ rqif;&bJ ( avewfom; ) 0g'jzef@csDa&; pmwrf;rsm;aom }uJcs+yD;/ tajrmufqHrsm; =um;rSjyef vmcJ@&onf?

odk@ESif@ av,mOfysHonf *sufqdk;av,mOfuGif;odk@ jyefvnf oufqif;vmonf?av,mOfysH&yf em;vSsif udktkef;armifonf av,mOfwHcg;aygufrS ckefqif;vdkuf.? aemufrSppfom;wa,muf uqif@uJ ckefqif;vdkufjyef&m udktkef;armif. nmbufajcaxmufay:odk@wnf@wnf@usvmo jzif@ ajcaxmufusdK;ygavawm@onf?

zufqpf*syefrsm;tm; awmfvSefwdkufcdkuf t+yD;wGif uGefjrLepfygwDudk ajAmifxlaxmifvdkufonf/ udktkef;armifvnf; zsmyHkc&dkif uGefjrLepfygwDwGif wm0ef,lcJ@onf?

avxD;tkef;armif ( odk hr[kwf ) axmif ESifh awm

rSsm;eD

42


wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&if; uufpbDppftkyfcsLyfa&;udk &yfpJypf&ef uGefjrLepf ygwDua&SŒaqmifqifEGJcJ@aom wdkufyGJrsm;Y vnf; udktkef;armifonf wm0efus&m zsmyHkc&dkifrSaeIxufjrufpGm yg0ifaqmif &GufcJ@onf?

1946- rwfvwGif uGef jrLepfygwD eSpf jcrf;uG Javawm@onf? tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD( Armjynf ) ESif@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD [lI ESpfygwDjzpfvmonf? udktkef;armifonf ocifoef;xGef; acgif;aqmifonf@ Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDbufodk@ yg0ifcJ@onf?xdkESpfwjynfvHk;tHk=uGv_yf&Sm;vmonf@ vGwfvyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD; twGif;wGif udktkef;armifonf uGefjrLepfygwDESif@ zqyv wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmif&if; jynfolvlxkESif@ twlvufwGJv_yf&Sm;cJ@onf?

zqyv tm%m&vmaomtcg wjynfvHk;&Sd uGefjrLrsm;awmcdk&mY udktkef;armifvnf; vufeufpGJ vsufajratmufodk@ ygcJ@&awm@onf? jynfwGif;ppfumvwGif udktkef;armifonf jrpf0usGef;ay: wm0efcHjzpfvmonf?

1948- ckESpf rwfv 2*- &ufae@rS 1953- ck Edk0bFmv 14 &ufae@xdatmif5- ESpfausmfrSs=umatmif olykefAdkvf}uD; b0ESif@ awmxJrSmaepOf/ ykodrfe,fol rjrifhjrifhqdkaom trsdK;orD; ESif@ tdrfaxmifuscJ@onf?

zrf;rd1953 - Edk0bFmv 14- &ufae@wGif udktkef;armif pcrf;csaexdkifonf@ ykodrfc&dkif

( zufq vuf&Gm) pcef;odk@ tpdk;&wyfrsm; vma&muf 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufonf? udktkef;armif.b,f bufajcaxmufudk tpdk;&wyfrS ypfvdkufaom usnfqHwck xdrSef+yD; xdkae&mrSmyifzrf;qD;jcif;cH&.? usnfqHrSefaom '%f&mrSm jyif;xefpGm t&dk;udk xdojzif@ ajcwbufusdK;&.?

q&m0ef}uD;rsm;u usdK;oGm;aom ajcwbufudk yvmpwmudkifay;rnf[kajymqdkxm;aomae@Yyif axmifxJodk@ ydk@jcif;udk cH&awm@onf? udktkef;armif. t¶dk;jyefrqufawm@bJ ajcwbuf aumif;pGmroefonf@ b0ESif@&Sdae&onf?

1961- ckESpf arvY axmifrSvGwfvmaom udktkef;armiftwGuf &efukefa¶$+rdKhawmf}uD;udk avmuopfyef;csDum;csyf wckyrm jrifaeayonf? xdkESpfu olonfvGwfvyfa&;atmifyGJodk@ a&mufcJ@ onf?

atmifyGJae@}uD;rdk@ acgif;aygif; wvlvlawGESif@ orRw}uD;u Adkvf&_cHobifay:0,fcsDwwfvm=u aomy&dowf}uD;. tav;jyKjcif;udk cH,lvsuf/ txl;bdrEWujyKxm;aom{nf@onfawmf}uD;vnf; armf=uGm; *k%f,l=uvsuf?

tcsdeftenf;i,f twGif;vGwfvyfa&; armfuGef;0ifrsm; pm&if;udkxkwfjyefausnmum EdkifiHawmforRo}uD; udk,fwdkifu armfuGef;0ifwHqdyfrsm;udk csD;jrSifhay;tyf

43


ojzifh armfuGef;0if jzpfvm=uonf@ yk*~dKvftrsm;tjym;rSm armfrqHk;atmif &Sdae=uonf@tcsdefwGif...... *sdKif;axmuf}uD;udk axmufcg axmifcgjzif@ wa&GŒa&GŒ wv_yfv_yfv_yf&Sm;um vrf;avSsmufvsuf vGwfvyfa&; vGwfobif tcrf;tem;udk ta0;rSyifvSrf;arSsmf=unf@&_ rcsd+yHK;uav;+yHK;vsufae aomol ....

olonfum; vGwfvyfa&; atmifyGJobifwGif *k%fjyKtyfaom {nf@onfawmfwa,mufvnf; r[kwf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if wa,mufvnf; r[kwfcJ@? odk@wapolum; vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ twGuf a&SŒwef;rS wuf=uGpGm wdkufcJ@onf@ jynfol@om;aumif;wa,mufjzpfaom avxD;qif; Adkvftkef;armifyifjzpfayownf;?

'kwd,t}udrfaxmifrS vGwfpY ajrmufOuUvmy&Sd a': jrifhjrifh. trawmf tdrfwGif aexdkif+yD;/

rsm;r=umrD awmifOuUvmywGif tdrfwtdrfiSm;&rf;um ZeD;armifESH ajymif;a&$Œaexdkif=uonf?odk@aomf 1964 ckESpf jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; aqG;aEG;yGJ ysuf+yD;aemuf &efukef+rdKŒ Y tzrf;cH&jyefonf?

udkudk;usGef;1969- ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 31- &ufae@wGif yxrtokwftaejzif@udkudk;uíef;odk@

tydk@cH&aom yk'fr- 5 tusOf;om;rsm;teuf udktkef;armif wa,mufvnf;yg0ifcJ@onf?odk@jzif@ udktkef;armif onf udkudk;usGef;&Sd oHql;}udK;um axmifxJY }uHKawG@cHpm;cJ@aom'kuQESifh oD[dkusGef;YawmfvSef;a&; oifwef;wufcJ@pOfu okcwdk@udk ,SOf=unf@rd.? oD[dkawmxJY aysmfaysmf}uD; aecJ@&jcif;jzpf+yD;/ ,cka&muf&Sd aeaom udkudk;usGef;rlum; +iD;aiGŒbG,fyif?

ajcaxmufwGif '%f&m&um tzrf;cH&+yD; 8 ESpf=umrSs axmifxJrSmaecJ@&onf?axmifrS vGwfajrmufvmcJ@&aom udktkef;armif wa,muf. b0&yfwnfr_rSm tvGefw&mrS raocsm ra& &mbJ/ wdrfyrm avyrm b0rSmyif &Sdaeonf? pm;a&; aomufa&;aea&; xdkifa&; twGufvnf; =uyf=uyfwnf;wnf;yif &Sdae&Smonf? ajrmufOuUvmyY&Sdaom r,m;nDtudk wa,muf. tdrfwGif tcsdeftawmf =umatmif rSDcdkcJ@&onf?&Jabmf&Jbuf tcsdK@. tultnDjzif@ &ufydkif; tawmtwGif;rSm awmiffOuUvmyYtdrfuav;wvHk; iSg;&rf;+yD; ZeD;a': jrifhjrifhESifh twlajymif;a&$Œ aexdkifvSsuf&Sdonf?

rSsm;eD(tdk;a0*sme,ftrSwf ( 91)/ 1334-ck / e,kefvqef;( 3 )&uf? 15²5² 1972/ pmrsufESm 11 -12 rS)

(a[oDrdk; azhpfbkwfrS ul;,laz: jyygonf?)

44


( tydki f; 1 )"usaemhfrSm twWqdkvdk h rcifOD;;udk cspfcJhrdwm wpfckyJ

&Sdygw,fAsm "Aef;armfwifatmif(1920-1978)

usaemfwdk hrsdK;qufb0onf/ " A " ig;vkH;ESihf }uD;jyif;vmcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? xdk" Axuf+cdKuf " ig;vkH;xJwGif/ q&m Aef;armfwifatmif vnf;yg0ifavonf?

usaemfwdk hausmif;om;b0rSm tdyfrufawG trsm;}uD;&SdcJhonf? usaemfwdk hrSmusaemfwdk h av;pm; tm;us twk,lcJh&aom tvGrf;ZmwfawGvnf; wpfavS}uD;&SdcJhwmyg?

usaemfwdk hi,fi,f ausmif;om;b0rSm/ yxrqkH;t}udrf tusOf;axmifxJa&mufoGm;=uonf? 1976 rwfv/ ykodrfaumvdyf ta&;tcif;/ rdSKif;&mjynhfta&;tcif;awGESihf?

tck&&Sdxm;=uwJh emrnfawGeJ hyJ twdwfudkjyefvSef&&if/ 'Dwkef;u ykodrfaxmifxJrSm/ pdk;tdrf/ pdk;aevif;/ ajrEk/ usaemfwdk@awG twlwl? usaemfwdk hcsif; t,ltqa&;&m(vuf0Jt,ltqyg) aqG;aEG;jiif;ckef=uwJhtcg/ pdk;tdrfu usaemhft,ltqudkaysmhw,f/ Ekw,f qdk+yD;/ 'gudk olutm;r&csifbl;?

'Dawmh pdk;tdrfu usaemhftay: "'Daumifu '*kefwm&meJ hocifA[def; pyfazmufxm;wJhaumif"vdk h aumwwfonf?

usaemfwdk hcspfonhf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkA[def;udk usaemfwdk hb0awGxJrSm/&ifbwfxJ xnhfxm; wwf=uwmr[kwfvm;? usaemfwdk hudkA[def;udkcspfwJhtxJrSm

Aef;armfwifatmifESifh }uD;jyif;cJhaom zD;epfiSufrsm;

atmi fa0;

45


tEkynmqefwmvnf; ygonf? a&mrefwpfjzpfw,fayg h? a&mrefwpfjzpfw,fqdkwJholu"awmfvSefa&;jzpf" wJhtcg/ usaemfwdk hvli,fb0rSm tm;usrqkH;awmh? av;pm;rqkH;awmh?

1300 jynhfta&;awmfykH}uD;+yD;vdk h/ 1939 t*Fvdyftcuf/ Armhtcsuf/ EdkifiHjcm;uvufeuf tultnD/ ppfa&;tultnD&Smzdk h/ wuo ,leD,H taqmufttkHxJuxGufvmwJharSsmfvihfcsufawGeJ h? udkA[def;eJ hq&m'*kefwm&mwdk hESpfa,muf/ w&kwfuGefjrLepfygwD/ OuUÏarmfwdk heJ hqufoG,fzdk h/ w&kwf-Arme,fpyf ,leefjynfe,fbuf udkxGufcJh=uw,f?

&Srf;jynf ta&S hajrmufydkif;/ vm;&SKd;vrf;r}uD;ay:rSmvdk hqdkw,f? wpfnom;vuvnf; tvGefomaew,f? udkA[def;u tif;vsm;rSmuwnf;u vom&if va&mifudkcHpm;aeus?

'Dwkef;rSm udkA[def;qDu "udkaX;+rdKif" wJh?(q&m'*kefwm&m &J hemrnf&if;uaX;+rdKifyg) "'Dvdk vomaeawmh usaemhf pdwfxJrSm =unfEl;csrf;ajrh vmw,fAsm"

q&m'*kefwm&mu/ tif;..udkA[def;awmh &efukefrSmusef&pfwJh ol h&nf;pm;rcif}uD;ta=umif; ajymawmhrSmyJvdk hxifvdkufowJh? 'Dvdkxif&atmifvnf;/ oleJ hudkA[def;txufArmjynfudk/ tnmqef oabFm}uD;eJ hwpf+rdK h0if wpf+rdK hxGuf pnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;xGuf=uawmh/ &efukefuae q&m'*kefwm&m 0,fvmwJh pma&;puUL/ pmtdwfeJ hwHqdyfacgif;awG/ udkA[def; ol h&nf;pm;rcif}uD;qD/ pmtapmifapmifa&;/ a&muf&mqdyfurf;rSmpmwdkufykH;xJxnhfeJ h/ rEWav;ra&mufcif ajymifyga&mvm;? 'ga=umihfyJ/ q&m '*kefwm&mvm;&SKd;vrf;nrSm/ udkA[def; rcif}uD;ÉDumcsJ hawmhr,fvdk hxifrSmayg h? odk haomf/ 'gayrJh..?

" 'DawmhAsm/ udkaX;+rdKif/ 'Dvdk=unfEl;csrf;ajrhaewJhtcsdefrSm cifAsm;eJ husaemf/vDeif&J@tpdk;&eJ h awmfvSefa&;pmtkyfta=umif; aqG;aEG;&atmif"

ao[Jh eENd,? q&m'*kefwm&m yufvufvefcJhrSmaocsmw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf;yufvufvef oGm;wmygyJ? [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;? uJ b,favmufcspfzdkaumif;vdkufwJhudkA[def;ygvJ? va&mifxJrSmrS olku State and Revolution usrf;udkaqG;aEG;csifaejyefowJh?v$wfvSoayg h? 'gu usaemfwdk hcspfcJh/ av;pm;cJhwJh/ wuo? Auo ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifocifA[def;yJ?

aemufwpfa,muf/ usaemfwdk htonf;pGJ? olu AdkvfcsKyfatmif;qef;yJayg h?AdkvfcsKyfudkawmh usaemfwdk hu/ q&m'*kefwm&m&J h"atmifqef;(odk hr[kwf)t&dkif;"udkzwf+yD;ydkem;vnfoGm;w,f? ydk+yD;vnf;cspfvmw,f? AdkvfcsKyfudk,fwdkif ol htwˆKy`wWdxJrSm"t&dkif;onf vGwfvyf.? &J&ihf.? ajzmihfrwf wnf=unf&dk;om;." vdk ha&;cJhzl;wmyJ?

AdkvfcsKyfudkusawmh udkA[def;eJ hrwl/ awmfvSefa&;jzpfw,fvdk ht&ifjrif=uw,f?=urf;w,fvdk h qdkwmyg? 'gayrJh 'Dvdk=urf;w,f/ awmfvSefa&;jzpfw,fvdk hjrifwJholu

46


"a&mrefwpfjzpf" jzpfoGm;wJhtcg usjyefawmhvnf;..?*syefacwf}uD;xJrSm? t*Fvdyftajy;/ *syeft0if/ a&$awmif=um;u tdrf}uD;wpf

vkH;xJrSm? q&m '*kefwm&mwdk hvli,fwpfodkuf pEN&m;wD;/ tcspfoDcsif;wpfyk'f qdkae=uwJhtcsdef? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; 0ifvm+yD;/ bmrajym nmrajym jAKef;qdk "a[hvlawG/awmf=uprf;/ 'Dtcsdefu cspfwm}udKufwmawG qdk& r,hftcsdefr[kwfbl;? &Jpdwf&Jrmefwufr,hfoDcsif;awGqdk&rSmAs"

AdkvfcsKyfu olajymcsifwmajym+yD; jyefxGufoGm;a&m? tcef;xJuvlawG tHhtm;oihf+yD;usef&pfcJhwmayg h? 'gayrJh b,folurS AdkvfcsKyftay: pdwfrqdk;=u/ r+idKjiif=ubl;? 'DvdkeJ@aemufawmh/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vnf;/ a':cif=unfeJ htdrfaxmifvnf;usa&m/ wpfae@om;ayg hav/ q&m'*kefwm&m pEN&m;wD;aewJhtem;vm+yD;/ nifnifomomuav;eJ@"udkaX;+rdKif/ uOPeoDcsif;wD;prf;ygAsm" vdk hajymygowJh?

tckawmh usaemfwdk hAdkvfcsKyf El;nHhodrfarG hvdk hoGm;yg+yD? t&dkif;r[kwfawmhbl;?tcspfeJ hwdk hxd vdkufvdk hvnf;jzpfr,f? 'ga=umihfyJ/ AdkvfcsKyfu aemufydkif;rSm "tEkynmryg&iftdrfaxmifa&;[m wm&SnfrcHbl;? awmfvSefa&;rSmvnf; tEkynmyg&r,f? tEkynmryg&ifawmfvSefa&; ratmifjrifEdkifbl;" ajymcJhwmayg h?

usaemfwdk hAdkvfcsKyfudkcspfwm/ tJ'DvdkvGrf;p&mawG&Sdvdk hcspf=uwmyg?usaemfwdk h&J hausmif;om;b0[m/ udkA[def;/ udkatmifqef;wdk h&J h"Auo" uae/

aemufydkif; ocifA[def;/ ocifatmifqef;wdk h&J h"Auy" txdwdkifyJr[kwfvm;? ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ hcsKyf(Auorsm;tzGJ hcsKyf) ABFSU uae/ aemufqkH;ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD (BCP) txd qdkygawmh?

1939 ocifA[def;yg0ifwJh/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J hyxrOD;qkH; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;yJ r[kwfvm;? odk haomf aemufydkif;rSmawmh/ AdkvfcsKyfuuGefjrLepfygwDu EkwfxGuf+yD;/ zqyv tzGJ hcsKyf}uD;rSm OuUÏjzpfoGm;ygw,f? udkA[def;uygwDrSmyJusefcJhygw,f? uGefjrLepfygwDudk zqyv tzGJ hcsKyf=uD;xJu xkwfypfvdkufwJh tcsdefrSm/udkA[def;u rEWav;aq;&Hk}uD;ay:rSmyg? aemufqkH;rSm udkA[def; ESvkH;a&m*geJ hrEWav;aq;&Hk}uD;rSmyJ uG,fvGefoGm;ygw,f? 1946 'DZifbm?

"[def;" eJ h"qef;" &J htjzpfu &ifeihfp&myg? ESajrmwo a=uuGJvGrf;qGwfp&myg?usaemfwdk h[m/ usaemfwdk hacwf}uD;u jyÏmef;ay;xm;wJhtwdkif;/ vuf0Jt,ltq

awGeJ hvljzpf }uD;jyif;vmcJh&w,f qdkwmudk 0efcH&r,f? 'Dt,ltqeJ@yJ usaemfwdk@rsdK;quf(74-75-76 rsdK;quf) [m ae0if;-pef;,k ppftm%m&Siftpdk;&udk awmfvSefcJh=uw,f?

usaemfwdk hacwfrSm/ usaemfwdk h[m usaemfwdk h&J hvli,fb0udk yDyDoo"i,f"

47


cJh=u? &J&J&ihf&ihf "eD" cJh=u? 'DtwGuf qkvmbfuawmh &moufyef ausmif;awG txkwfcHcJh&w,f? axmifawGwef;awG t}udrf}udrfuscJh&w,f?

(udkqvdkif;wifarmifOD; }udK;pifay:wufcJh&w,f)'gayrJh usaemfwdk hb,fawmhrSOD;rn$wfcJhbl;?aemufvnf;rqkwfcJhbl;? ausmif;om;

pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf/ qJAif;*sLvdkifpdwf"mwf[m t&SHK;ray;/ 'l;raxmufcJhbl;?usaemfwdk hpdwf"mwfawG/ tawG;tac:awG[m t+rJxufjrufcdkifrmaew,f? &SifoefEdk;=um;aew,f? 'Dvdkxufjrufcdkifrmaeatmif/ &SifoefEdk;=um;aeatmif/ wdk;wufawmfvSefwJhpmayawGu/ xdef;ausmif;arG;jrL ykHoGif;ay;cJhwmygyJ?

tJ'Dvdk wdk;wufawmfvSefwJhpmayawGxJrSm/ q&mAef;armfwifatmif&J hpmtkyfawGvnf;/ t"dueJ h ta&;t}uD;tcef;u¾rSm yg0ifcJhwmyg?

(tydki f; 2)

" vlwpfa,muf&J hwefzdk;udkoljzwfoef;ausmfv$m;aewJhacwf}uD;u

ol hyckH;ay:wifay;vdkufwJh ordkif;ay;wm0efudkolb,favmufo,fydk;xrf;aqmifcJhw,fqdkwJhtcsufeJ h

wdkif;wm&rSmyJ "Aef;armfwifatmif(1920-1978)

¡ ruG,fvGefrD om;tm;ajym=um;csufrsm; rS ¢

q&mAef;armfwifatmifudk usaemfwdk hcspfwm[mvnf;/ vGrf;p&maumif;vdk hyg?" usaemhfrSm twWqdkvdk h rcifOD;udkcspfcJhrdwm wpfckyJ &Sdygw,fAsm" wJh?

olhtwWuvnf; enf;vGefvGef; vdkufwmaemf? q&mAef;armfwifatmif[m wu,hfudkyJolawmfpifwpfOD;/ vlbkef;}uD;wpfyg;vdkyg? q&mAef;armfwifatmifeJ hywfoufvdk hvGrf;p&mwpfckuvnf; q&mh om;}uD;(usaemfwdk h&Jabmf) udkA[def;atmif wpfqihfjyefajymjyvdk@=um;cJh&zl;ygw,f?

1945? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u ppfa&;wm0efcH/ ocifpdk;u EdkifiHa&;wm0efcH/ocifoef;xGef;u EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH qdk+yD;/ " zwyv" zGJ hvdk h/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;}uD; qifE$J=uawmh/ ocifA[def;u wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;pkEG,frsm; pnf;&Hk;a&;wm0ef (1917/vDeifwdk h&J h&k&Sm;jynf r[matmufwdkbm awmfvSefa&;rSm/ pwmvif[m 'Dwm0efrsdK;,lcJhw,f)eJ hyJcl;&dk;ru u&ifwdkif;&if;om;awGudk pkpnf;+yD;/ ajymufusm;ppfyGJE$J=uawmh/ q&mAef;armf

48


wifatmifu udkA[def;ac:vdk h &dk;ray:wufvdkufoGm; ygw,f?q&m hZeD;a':cifOD;eJ horD;i,f uav;t&G,fav;awGu rsufpdoli,f/ em;oli,feJh

tm;i,f+yD; awmifilrSm usef&pfcJh=uwmyg? wpfae h&efolav,mOfuvm;/ r[mrdwfav,mOfuvm; AkH;}uJawmh/ AkH;qefu olwdk hom;trd ykef;cdkaewJh AHk;cdkusif;xdyfwnhfwnhf uyf+yD;usavawmh/ q&m horD;t}uD;rav;crsm/ wpfoufvkH; em;yif;oGm;cJh&yga&mvm;?

zufqpfawmfvSefa&;}uD;+yD;qkH;oGm;wJhtcg/ wpfae hrSmawmh/ a':cifOD;wdkhom;trdawG&SdaewJh ae&mudk/ vlwpfa,muf jrif;jzL}uD;wpfaumifudk tustepD;vdk@a&mufvmygowJh? &kwfw&ufawmh a':cifOD;a&m/ uav;awGa&m b,folrS rrSwfrd=ubl;wJh?aemufawmhrS jrif;jzL}uD;ay:uvlu rsufckH;xlxl}uD; 0ihf+yD;+yHK;jyvdkufawmhrS q&mAef;armfwifatmifudk rSwfrd=uawmhw,fwJh? rdom;pkjyefvnf aygif;qkHcef;[m vGrf;armp&myg? 'g hxufydk+yD;vGrf;arma=uuGJp&m aumif;wmu/ ajymufusm;ppfyGJrSm aotwl &SifruGm wdkufyGJ0ifvmwJh/&Jabmf&Jbuf jrif;jzL}uD;udk/ rdom;pkvufiif;pm;p&mr&Sdvdk h/ wjcm; vlvufxJ a&mif;pm;vdkuf&wJhtjzpfygyJ?

vGrf;+yD;armp&myg? a=u+yD;uGJp&myg? q&mAef;armfwifatmif&J hemrnfausmf" &dk;rwdkufyGJ" (1963) 0wˆK[m/ 'D yJcl;&dk;ray:u udkA[def;eJ@ u&ifwdkif;&if;om;awG&Jh ajymufusm;ppfyGJ tawG ht}uHKawG xif[yfw,fvdk h,lq=uygw,f? usaemfwdk hrsdK;quf[m tJ'Dvdk " A" ig;vkH;eJ h/ ae0if;-pef;,k ppftm%m&Sifpepfacwf}uD;xJrSm vljzpf}uD;jyif;vmcJh=uwmygyJ? usaemfwdk hrsdK;qufacwfrSm b,fvdkrSjyefvnfzGJ hpnf;vdk h/ jyefvnfxl axmifvdk h r&cJhwJh " Auo" udk/ 1988 &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykH}uD; twGif;rSm/ udkrif;udkEdkif/ udkudk}uD;/ udkrdk;oD;ZGefwdk@ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGu/ &mZ0ifwGifavmufatmif jyefvnfzGJ hpnf;xlaxmif EdkifcJh=uwmudkawmh/usaemfwdk hrsdK;qufu &dk;om;pGmyJ tav;jyK&ygw,f?

ae0if;-pef;,k ppftpdk;&vufxuf/ acwftqufquf ausmif;om;awGtpdk;&qef husifa&;/ EdkifiHa&;vkyfvdk h tzrf;cH&+yD qdk&ifawmhvm;/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awGqDu" rif;wdk hAuy =oZmcHausmif;om;awG" qdk+yD;/ olrsm;awGxuf yg;wpfcsufydk t&dkufcH&ygw,f? [kwfw,f? usaemfwdk hawG[m

" Axuf+cdKuf" awGyJ?" Axuf+cdKuf" awGrdk hvdk hvnf;/ ppftm%m&Sif tpdk;&udk/ azmifzsuf+yD; wdkufyGJ0if&J

=uwmayg h?tJ'Dvdk usaemfwdk ha&S huae/ ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ hppftm%m&Siftpdk;&udk

azmifzsuf+yD; wdkufcJhwJh/ usaemfwdk h&J hol&Jaumif;}uD;/ vif;,kef}uD; q&mAef;armfwifatmifuG,fvGefoGm;wJh tcgusawmh usaemfu 1976 rwfv/ ykodrfaumvdyf ta&;tcif;/

49


rdSKif;&mjynhf ta&;tcif;awGeJ hykodrftusOf; axmifxJrSmyg? e&odefxJrSm/ naygif; (1000) eD;yg; jzwfoef;cJh+yD;wJh aemuf..?

1978 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv(25)&ufae h? aemufwpfae hqdk&if/ usaemfaxmifuvGwfawmhr,f? " bkwf" vnf; wdkuf+yD;+yD? vGwf&ufvnf;aocsm+yD? aemufrSKvnf;bmrSr&Sd? 'Dawmh atmufwdkbm (25)nae wef;ydwf+yD;csdef upvdk h/ axmifESpf&Snf usaewJhu&ifolkykef tzGJ hawGudk usaemf ESKwfquf pum;ajymaewJh tcsdef? 'DtcsdefrSm/ wpfaxmifvkH;/taqmifwum htaqmifvSnhfvmwJh owif;pmu/ usaemfwdk haq;&Hk taqmifay:udka&mufvmygw,f? xkH;pHtwdkif; wjcm;tusOf;om;awGu/ usaemfwdk h ausmif;om;awGudkt&ifOD;pm;ay; zwfcGihfjyKxm;wmqdkawmh/ usaemf owif;pm aumuf,l+yD;vkyffaeus ema&;pmrsufESmudk t&ifvSef=unhfvdkufwJhtcg/

" owif;pmq&m/ pma&;q&m Aef;armfwifatmif/ touf(58)ESpf" qdk+yD;/q&mAef;armfwifatmif uG,fvGefwJhema&;a}umfjimudk awG hvdkuf &ygawmhw,f?

urBm}uD;[m tdk;xdef;pufuJhodk h vnfw,fqdkwm tJ'D tcdkuftwef hrsdK;ygyJ? 1978ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv(23)&ufae h/ &efukefaq;&Hk}uD;ay:rSm/ q&m uG,fvGefcJhyg+yDaumvm;?

usaemf ajzrqnfEdkifawmhygbl;? usaemfwdk h&J htdyfruf a&$awmif}uD;+ydKvJoGm;yg+yD?q&mAef;armfwifatmif yxrt}udrf aq;&Hkwufae&wJh tcsdefwkef;u/ usaemfwdkhq&mqDudk?axmifxJuae pmcdk;xkwf+yD; a&mufatmifydk hcJhw,f? q&m hqDu/ vli,fawG ol hudk em;vnfwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifa=umif;/ aq;&Hkay:uae ta=umif;jyefwJhpum;udk/ usaemfwdk@axmif0ifpm vl}uHKuae wpfqihf=um;cJh&wmyg? tJ'Dtcsdefu axmifu vGwfcgeD;qdkawmh/ usaemfwdk hpdwfxJrSm/ axmifuvGwf&ifvufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;vkyfzdk hta&S hajrmufydkif;udkyJoGm;&rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ,Of;aus;rSKppfrsufESmuwdkufzdk h/ &efukefwuf pma&;q&mvkyf&rvm;/ udk,hfbmomudk,f a0cGJr&jzpfae=uwJhtcsdefyg?

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50


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52


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53


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54


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55


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56


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57


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( 5 )

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58


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zwfaeavonf?

59


'*kefwm&mrwfv/ 1955

(http://www.ex-absdf.net rS)

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uAsmq&m}uD;[k ajymjyaomtcg q&m}uD;. uAsmwyk'favmuf&Gwfjyyg [k awmif;yefwwf =uonf?

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60


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61


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ydkqdk;wm aemufwpfck &Sdao;w,f?

62


1990 Zefe0g&DrSm uíefawmf tlusa&m*g &w,f? tdyf&mxJ Akef;Akef; vJwJhtjzpf qdkufw,f?tm%mydkifawGu bmukor_rS rvkyfay;bl;? ajymr& qdkr&bJ? 5 ESpfwdwd =umw,f?aemufqHk; tlawGacguf aoravmuf jzpfrS aq;¶Hkydk@w,f? &efukefaq;¶Hk}uD; cGJpdwfcef;xJudkwdkuf¶dkufydk@&w,f? cGJpdwf&w,f? vlawmh raobl;? arG;&myg wpf&SOf;awmh "ewfoif;"jzpf&w,f?

tqdk;wumh xdyfacgif vl@i&J rD;avmifcH&wJh tjzpfu 'Dvdk?2005 Zlvdkif 6 &uf reufrSm uíefawmfhudk v$wfay;r,fvdk@ vmajymw,f?

axmifrSL;u ac:xkwfw,f? v$wfr,hf tusOf;om; 100 ausmfeJ@ qHk&w,f? v$wf0&rf;a&;zdk@uíefawmfwdk@ wpfawGudk udk,frSwfppf w,f? axmifus wkef;u rSwfwrf;,l xm;cJhwJhudk,ft*Fg trSwftom;awGeJ@ jyefnSdw,f? tm;vHk;+yD;awmh v$wf0&rf; ay;w,f? n$efrSL;¶Hk;tpnf;ta0;cef;rxJ oGif;w,f? tusOf;OD;pD;!$efcsKyf AdkvfrSL;}uD; aZmfrif;u =o0g' ay;w,f?

aemufqHk;twef;rSm xdkifaewJh uíefawmfhudk!$efcsKyfu emrnfac:w,f?a&SŒqHk;wef;udk zdwfw,f? a&SŒqHk;&JŒ a&SŒ rSm tjyifu w&m;ol}uD;awG/ Oya' t&m&Sd }uD;awG/&Jt&m&Sd}uD;awG/ axmift&m&Sd}uD;awG xdkifaew,f? !$efcsKyfu ol@=o0g'xJrSm uíefawmfhemrnfudk wa=umfa=umf ac:-atmf-azmfw,f?

"q&m}uD; OD;0if;wifvnf; 'Dae@vGwf+yD? uíefawmfwdk@u q&m}uD;pmawGudk zwf+yD;}uD;cJhwm? q&m}uD; usef;rm csrf;om vdk&mqEN jynhfygap"

!$efcsKyf =o0g' qHk;awmh tm;vHk; cef;rxJu xGuf=uw,f?axmifAl;(wHcg;r}uD;cef;r)xJudk 0if=uw,f? tm;vHk;wef;pD vGwfvrf; csD=uw,f?

vGwfvlawGxJrSm 'DcsKyfu vli,fwm0efcH (2) jrihfaÏ;ygw,f? vGwfvlawG awmfawmfav;xGufukefawmh 'kwd, !$ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyfu vmajymw,f? q&m}uD;eJ@ 'DvlawG 'DvlawGc%ae=uygOD;? jynfxJa&;0ef}uD; AdkvfcsKyfarmifOD; vmawGŒcsifw,f ajymvdk@yg? 0ef}uD;apmihf&if; xrif;av; pm;ygOD;wJh?

uíefawmfwdk@ vlodkufu 10 a,muf? usm; 8/ r 2 ? (usm; 8 xJrSm 'DcsKyfacgif;aqmif wpfa,mufygw,f? awmifil+rdKŒu OD;atmifpdk;jrihf? 1990 taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrSmta&G;cHcJh&ol? 2012 =um;jzwf a&G;aumufyGJrSmvnf; ta&G;cH&ol? tck aejynfawmfrSmv$wfawmf wufaew,f)? xrif;pm;+yD;¶Hk &Sdao;? axmufvSrf;a&; 2 a,muf uíefawmfhudkvmac:w,f? tus¶Hk;udk vdkufoGm;&w,f? tus¶Hk;rSm wpfatmihfavmuf r=umbl;?acgif;pGyfpGyf+yD; tjyifac:xkwfjyefw,f? wpfae&m a&mufvdk@ acgif;pGyf cGswfawmh? vm;vm;uíefawmfreufu xGufvmcJhwJh axmifcef;? reuf xGufvmwkef;u &Sd&SdorSs bkO…m[d vkyfcJhvdk@tcef;u ajymifwvif;cgaew,f? pm;p&m ewœd/ +cHKp&m 0wfp&m bmrSsr&Sd? a&aomufp&mcGufrS rusef? rdk;om pkef;pkef;csKyfoGm;w,f? b,folb,f0grS uíefawmftcef; ay:rvm?

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uíefawmfhudk bmpum; wpfcGef;rS vmrajym?'DvdkeJ@ aemufxyfaxmifxJ rSm 2 ESpfausmf tydwfcHcJh &jyefw,f? 2008 pufwifbm

23 rS uíefawmf axmifu wu,fvGwfw,f?axmifordkif;rSm uíefawmfhvdk &mZ0if ¶dkif;cJhwJhol r&SdcJhbl;? uíefawmf =um;zl;em;0

&Sdoavmuf wpfa,mufrS r&SdcJhbl;? vlxkOD;vSvdk yk*~dKvf axmif'%f jyefausmhcJh&zl;w,f?vGwf&uf a&mufawmh ol@udkaxmifAl;0¶Hk; ydk@w,f? v$wf0&rf;ay;w,f? aemufxyf yk'fr10 (C) uyfw,f? axmifxJjyefoGif;w,f? axmifjyefusw,f?

uíefawmf tif;pdefaxmifrSm &Sdaewkef; uGefjrLepfA[dku udkoufcdkifvnf; axmifusaew,f? wpf&ufrSm ol@vGwfae@ aphw,f? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awG ol@tcef;a&SŒ a&mufvm=uw,f? v$wf0&rf; zwfjyw,f? +yD;awmh yk'fr 10(C)uyfw,f? olvnf; wpfausmhjyefaxmifusw,f?

'DudpPawG uíefawmf odom;yJ? =um;zl;om;yJ? 'gayr,hf uíefawmf tjzpfeJ@rwl=ubl;? uíefawmfu vGwf+yD;om;vl? vGwfwmrS uGif;vHk;uíwf vGwf+yD;om;vl? axmifvkyfief; oabmt& tm;vHk;/ tukefvHk;/ tlwGif;acs;cg; rusef ppf+yD;aq;+yD; ar;+yD; jref;+yD;&mcdkifE_ef;jynhf vGwf+yD;om;vl? aemufxyf bmyk'frrS ruyf? aemufxyf bmw&m;rS rpGJ?aemufxyf b,f¶Hk;rS rwif? uíefawmfhudk aemufxyf 2 ESpfausmf axmifxJoGif; ydwfxm;cJhwm[m bmoabmvJ? bmt"dym,fvJ? b,fvdk ajz&Sif;rvJ? b,fvdk ckcHacsyrvJ?

ajAmif rw&m;csKyfaESmifwm? t&yfpum;eJ@ ajym&&if "bvdkif;" rw&m;csKyfaESmifwm? Oya'rJh rw&m; csKyfaESmifwm? ppftm%m&SifawG rw&m;vkyfwm? ppftpdk;&uEdkifiHom;wpfOD; tay: w&m;rJhjyKwm?

udkif;...Oya' ynm&SifawG uíefawmfhtr_udk b,fvdk tqHk;tjzwf ay;=urvJ?ppftm%m&SifawGudk b,fvdk ckcHumuG,f=urvJ? uíefawmfhudk b,fvdk apmihfa&Smuf =urvJ?w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&; r&SdcJhvdk@ 'DvdkjzpfcJhwmvdk@ ajym=urSmvm;? ppftm%m&Sif acwfu w&m;Oya'rJhcJhvdk@ 'Dvdkjzpfwmvdk@ ajym=urSmvm;?

'Dvdk ppftm%m&SifawG/ ppftm%m&Sif tpdk;&awG/ ppftm%m&Sif yg;uGufom;awG/ppftm%m&Sif vufyg;apawG/ ppftm%m&Sif vufudkifwkwfawG/ ppftm%m&Sif uyfyg;awG/rw&m; vkyfcJh=uwmawG w&m;rJh usL;vGefcJh=uwmawG/ tm;vHk;udk oifykef;acs ypfvdkuf&rSmvm;?

olwdk@tm;vHk;udk 0efcs awmif;yef cdkif;=urSmvm;?olwdk@tm;vHk;udk jynfol@cHk¶Hk;wif/ ppfaq; tjypfay; =urSmvm;?olwdk@tm;vHk;udk EdkifiHwum cHk¶Hk;wif ppfaq; tjypfay; =urSmvm;?EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG tm;vHk;twGuf olwdk@tm;vHk;qDu epfema=u;/

64


avsmfa=u;/ awmif;yefa=u;/ uefawmha=u; awmif;=urSmvm;?ppftm%m&SifawGudk EdkifiHa&; tarGqufcHwJh ppfwpfydkif; tpdk;&wpfckvHk;udk

or0g,r tpdk;&tzGJŒ vkyfcdkif;=urSmvm;?vkyfcsifwm vkyf? vkyfoihfwm vkyf? vkyfzdk@vdkwm vkyf=uyg?aumif;wmcsnf;ygyJ? uíefawmf axmufcHygw,f?ta&;awmfyHk wyfom; wpfa,muftaeeJ@ oabmxm; ajymygvdk@ ar;rvm;?

EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om; a[mif;wdkif;u 'Dvdk ajym=uvdrhfr,f xifw,f?ppftm%m&SifawG wpf+rHKvHk;udkurBmrausbl; a[h?Armrausbl; a[h?igrausbl; a[h?uíefawmf wpfa,mufxJ&JŒ xyfqihfoabmxm; b,fvdk vJvdk@ xyfqihfar;rvm;?

'Dvdk ajzrdr,f xifw,f?ppftm%m&SifawG[m ordkif;a=uG; qyf=u&r,hf wm0efawGuvnf; uif;vGwfcGihf

&ae=uw,f? w&m;Oya' a=uG;qyf=u&r,hf wm0efawGuvnf; uif;vGwfcGihf &ae=uw,f?uG,fvGefol pma&; q&m}uD; owif;pm q&m}uD; tdk;a0?;ndKjr pum;vHk;twdkif; "i&JacG;}uD;vGwfaeqJ" (Hell Hound at Large) vdk@ ajym&rSmaygh?

aemufwpfrsdK; ajym&r,fqdk&if 'Dvdk ajymjycsifw,f?"umvay: i&JacG;}uD;awG vGwfaeao;w,f"?

[Hom0wD O D;0if;wi f

( Myanmar Independence Journal rS)

atmufwdkbm 13/ 2012

65


usaemfu usaemhftara&;wJh "&wemyHkrEWav; rEWav; uíefrwdk@rEWav;"qdkwJhpmtkyfudk xGuf+yD;av; ig;ESpf=umrSzwf&ygw,f? zwf&if;eJ@ "ausmif;}uD;a¶$tifyif"qdkwJh aqmif;yg;udk a&mufwJhtcgrSm "ausmif;'um}uD; OD;puf¶$ifu jynf}uD;om;w¶kwf "tppfyJ? ol@Zmwdu ,leefe,f xdrf&ihf vdk@ac:wJh rkd;jrif;+rdKŒem;u ",davmf¶Gm"qdkwmudkoGm;awG@ygw,f?

usaemf [mueJ jzpfoGm;ygw,f? bma=umihfvJ qdkawmh tarajymwJh ae&muusaemfa&mufaewJh ae&mjzpfaevdk@ygyJ? 'D+rdKŒudk a¶S;wkef;u xdef,GJ@/ ¶Srf;vdk ('Dc¶dkiftwGif;rSm¶Srf;¶GmawGtrsm;}uD;¶Sdygw,f) rdk;+rJvdk@ ac:+yD; tckawmh xdef+cHK; vdk@ac:ygw,f? ,davmf¶Gmutckxdef+cHK;&JŒ qifajczHk;jzpfaeyg+yD?

jrpf}uD;em;eJ@ta¶SŒaemuf wef;wef; (um;vrf;eJ@) uDvdkrDwm200awmifra0;ygbl;?vrf;uvnf;aumif;awmh um;udkjyif;jyif;armif;&if oHk;em&DomomeJ@ a&mufygw,f? 'DudpPudkxdef+cHK;om;awG/ ordkif;q&mawGawmifrodygbl;? uíefawmfu ajymjyrS odwmyg? OD;puf¶$if&JŒtrsdK;awGvnf; ,davmfrSm ¶Sd=uygao;w,f? 'gayrJh olwdk@vnf; rsufajcjywfaewm =umyg+yDwJh?

+yD;awmhrS usaemf tckaeae&wm[m tarhaqmif;yg;xJu xdef+cHK;rSmyJ qdkwmudktarrsm;od&&if b,fvdkrsm;aervJvdk@ awG;+yD;+yHK;aerdygw,f? wdkufqdkifcsifawmh 'D xdef+cHK;+rdKŒ

awmf&mrS aysmfatmifae&w,f

zdk;oH(vlxk)

66


[m a¶S;uwnf;u ArmjynfeJ@/ rEWav;eJ@ tquftqH toGm;tvmrsm;wJh +rdKŒa[mif;wckjzpfaeygw,f?

'D+rdKŒeJ@q,frdkifra0;wJhae&mrSm "jrefrm¶Gm"qdkwJh ¶Gmw¶Gmawmif ¶Sdygw,f? tckae=uwmuawmh w¶kwfcsnhfygyJ? 'grSr[kwfvnf; umv=umvdk@w¶kwfjzpfukef=u ovm;rodygbl;? bma=umihf 'Dvdkac:w,fqdkwmudk taotcsm okawoejyKr,hfol r¶Sdawmhb,fvdkuae b,fvdk 'Demrnf&cJhw,f qdkwm bmrS a&a&&m&m rod&ygbl;?

tJ'DrSm t&ifwkef;ujrSKyfcJhwJh t¶dk;tdk;awGbmawG wl;azmfvdk@&w,f/ a&;xm;wJhpmawGudk zwfr&bl;qdkwJh tajymrsdK;udkyJ =um;&ygw,f? tckacwfu orkdif; avhvmw,fqdkwmudk tifwmeufay:rSm tcsuftvuf¶Smae/ a&;ae=uwJh acwfvdkjzpfaeawmh'Dvdktcsuf tvufawGudk b,folurS owdrxm;rdygbl;? pdwfyg0ifpm; okawoevkyfr,hfvlvdkaewmyg?

'Du wcsdKŒ bk&m;ausmif;awGrSm Armjynfuqif;wkawmfawG/ xdkifudk,fawmfa&m/avsmif;awmfrl/ &yf awmfrla&m/ bk&m;pifrSm wifxm;+yD; udk;uG,f=uwmvnf; awG@&ygw,f?yDbd pusif ausmuf¶kyfwkawmfawGyg? wcsdKŒae&mrSmqdk&if b,fwkef;uwnf;u vuf¶Sdae&mudk a&mufaew,fqdkwmawmif ajymEdkifwJhvl r¶Sdawmh ygbl;?

'D+rdKŒeJ@ ArmjynfeJ@ wcsdefu b,favmuf tquftqH¶SdcJhw,fqdkwm ajym&&if'D+rdKŒrSmyJa jymqdkoHk;pGJwJh a'odupum;awGxJrSm Armpum;awG 0ifaewJhtxdygyJ? Oyrm(a&)yHk;/ csdKihf(xrif;xnhfwJhcsdKihf)/ qyfjym/ rwfcGuf pwmwdk@w¶kwfoHeJ@ ajymygw,f? Oyrmqyfjymqdk&if qyfajymif;vdk@ toHxGufygw,f? 'DuvlawGu c&rf;csOfoD;udk avmufjrifcs,f(Armc&rf;oD;)vdk@ ac:+yD; rmvumoD;udkawmh avmufjrifaxmif (ArmrufrHkoD;)vdk@ ac:ygw,f? aemuf+yD;oabFmoD;udkvnf; prf;ayg}uD;vdk@ ac:ygw,f? t"dym,fu e*dku 'Dt&yfrSmr¶SdyJ ArmjynfurS wqihf a&mufvmw,fqdkwmyg?

uíefawmf 'Dudka&mufumpwkef;uqdk&if touf}uD;wJh vl}uD;awG[m tyfcsKyfpufqdk&if pif;*g;(Singer) rS/ pufbD;qdk&if &mav;(Raleigh) rS wu,faumif;wmvdk@ ajymavh¶Sdygw,f? ArmjynfrSm ajymavh ¶SdwJhtwdkif; waoGrwdrf;ygyJ? olwdk@ tJ'DypPnf;awGudkArmjynfbufu o,fwmyg? [dkwkef;u vrf;yef;quf oG,fa&;[m ArmjynfeJ@ydkeD;/ydkvG,fulvdk@yg? pufbD;awG/ tyfcsKyfpufawGudk vm;0efwifawGeJ@ o,f,lvm=uwmjzpfygw,f?

tvm;wl Armjynfu ausmufpdrf;avmuu toHk;tE_ef;rsm;[mvnf; w¶kwfpum;eJ@ xdef+cHK;a'ou pum;awG jzpfaeygw,f? Oyrm ausmufuGrfw,f (ausmufudkta&mifwifwm)/ vef@yef; (tjyma&mif pGufwJhausmuf)/ x,fvHk;pdrf;(wpfvHk;vHk; pdrf;+yD;ta&mif ajcmufwJhausmuf)/ ¶Sif;=uvk (tpdrf;xJrSm trnf;tpuftajymifawGygwJhausmuf)

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jzpfwJh apm&efydkifeJ@ apm&efEdkif rif;om; nDtpfudkxJu tpfudkapm&efydkif[m t*Fvdyftzrf;cH&+yD; tdENd,udk tydk@cHcJh&ygw,f?

nDjzpfol apm&efEdkifac: acsmif;cGrif;om;[m ¶Srf;jynfudkwuf+yD; tiftm;pk/v_yf¶Sm;ygw,f? 'gayrJh tiftm;rrSsvdk@ qkwfcGmvm&wm w¶kwfjynfxJ txda&mufvmygw,f? w¶kwfbufu ol@udk tJ'Dwkef;u tkyfcsKyfr_wnf+idrf+yD; vHk+cHKpdwfcs&wJh xdef+cHK;rSmol@udk tdrfay;xm;ygw,f? aemuf+yD; oihfawmfpGmvnf; axmufyHhay;xm;ygw,f?

ol@udk "usDtef;aumh" vdk@w¶kwfemrnf ay;xm;w,fvdk@ q&mjroef;wihf a&;wJh"awmiforef avnSif;aqmfawmh"txJrSm zwf&zl;ygw,f? olu'DrSm AdaE<maq; a&mif;ovdkvdkvnf; t&yfpum;ajymoH =um;&ygw,f?

usefygao;w,f? 1951 ckESpfu xkwfcJhwJh q&m Aef;armfwifatmif&JŒ"aiGESif;rH_rH_"0wKyg? tJ'DtxJrSm q&mu ol@Zmwfvdkuf[m t*FvdyfppfwyfawGeJ@ xdef+cHK;udk a&mufvmcJh+yD;'Du w¶kwfrav; 0rfareJ@ &nf;pm; jzpf=uw,fqdk+yD; Zmwfvrf;zGJŒxm;ygw,f? aemufqHk;rSmtcspfa&;eJ@ ppfa&;a¶G;&awmhrS aiGESif;r_HrH_xJrSm cGJcJhw,fvdk@ a&;cJhwm rSwfrdaeygw,f?

xdef+cHK;eJ@ 3-4 uDvdkrDwmavmuf a0;wJhae&mrSm a[mf¶$ihf qdkwJh ¶Gm}uD;w¶Gm¶Sdygw,f? ¶GmqdkayrJh +rdKŒuav; w+rdKŒavmuf¶Sd+yD; c&D;oGm;vkyfief;eJ@ tifrwefpnfum;/ 0ifaiGaumif;aewJhae&m jzpfygw,f? 'Da[mf¶$ihf udk w¶kwfjynfom;awG[m tdkAmpD; ¶Gm}uD;vdk@ac:=uygw,f?

ta=umif;uawmh acwftqufqufrSm 'D¶Gm}uD;u vlawG[m wjcm;EdkifiHawGxGufoGm;=uwm odyfrsm;vdk@yg? txl;ojzihf ta¶SŒawmiftm¶Swdkufyg? 'DvdkeJ@ enf;enf;peJemvdkufawmh rEWav;u uíefawmfodwJh tdkAmpD;w¶kwf wpf0ufavmuf[m 'D¶Gm}uD;utqufawG jzpfaeygw,f? txufrSmajymcJhwJh Armpum;vHk;awGudk oHk;wm 'Dae&mrSmtrsm;qHk;ygyJ? olwdk@u 'kuQqdkwJh pmvHk;ukd awmif (ArmtoHxGuftwdkif;) oHk;wwfygw,f?

wdkufqdkifvdk@ wpfckajymcsifygw,f? tJ'gu ,cif usef;rma&;0ef}uD; a'gufwmausmfjrihf ta=umif;yg? olwdk@rdom;pkeJ@uíefawmfwdk@ rdom;pk[m tifrwefrS ¶if;ESD;ygw,f?ol@rdbrsm;uvnf; rEav;rSm puULa&mif;/ uíefawmfhtzdk;eJ@ taruvnf; rEWav;rSmpuULa&mif;qdkawmh a¶S;uwnf;u odusGrf;ae=uwmvdk@ qdkEdkifygw,f?

'ga=umihf ol (yxrt}udrf) tdrfaxmifjyKawmh uíefawmfu vlysdK&H vkyf&ygw,f?olwdk@ nDtpfudk armifESrawGuvnf; usGefawmfwdk@vdkyJ pdefyDwm - uGefAihf ausmif;olausmif;om;awG qdkawmh tm;vHk;rSm t*FvdyfemrnfawG ¶Sd=u ygw,f?

ol@ t*Fvdyfemrnfu [,f&D&if; (Harry Yin) yg? 'ga=umihfusaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;u

68


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'DtcgrSm oluw[m;[m;&D+yD; "cifAsm;uvJAsm/ olwdk@rsdK;¶dk; emrnfu w¶kwfvdk'&if;'As? a[m'D a[mf¶$ihfu ol@taz&JŒ tpfudkt&if;awG 'DrSm¶Sdao;w,f? tarGqdkif tdrfajrawGvnf; ¶Sdao;w,f"vdk@ ajymjyygw,f? 'DawmhrS vdyfywfvnf oGm;awmhwmaygh??

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69


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O D;cGefxGef;OD;&JŒpum;tck&ufydkif;twGif; zwfjzpfcJhwJh *sme,fyg owif;aqmif;yg; awG@qkHar;jref;cef;

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vmwJh ppfAdkvf}uD;a&m/ tJ'D tm%modrf;yGJ+yD;aemuf zGJ@pnf;wJh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0iftukefvkH;eD;yg;avmuf r&Sd=uawmh+yDrdk@ 'DudpPudk tus,ftus,f r+idrf;zG,f vkyfraecsifawmhygbl;Asm? wpfqufwnf;rSm 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Eku " jynfaxmifpk}uD; +ydKuGJr,fhtEœ&m,f trSefwu,f&Sdae+yDvdk@ usKyfudk ESpfrdepfavmufyJ }udKajymyg/ tm%modrf;p&mrvdkygbl;/ usKyfudk,fwdkif wyfrawmfudk tm%mtyfrSmyg "vdk@ ajymcJhwmudk 1966 ckpufwifbmvu owif;axmuf wpfa,mufjzpfwJh uíefawmfudk,fwdkif em;eJ@qwfqwf=um;cJh&+yD; owif;a&;cJhzl;ygw,f? 0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Ekvnf; tcktcsdefrSm r&Sdawmh+yDrdk@'DudpPudk "&mZ0ifxJrSm xm;&pfcJh " vdk@ qdk&awmhrayghAsm?

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a&$jynfawmf arSsmfwdki f;reD;AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u zuf'&,frludk ¶kd;¶kd;om;om; pdk;&drfpdwfeJ@yJ jzpfjzpf/ r¶dk;rom;

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72


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jynfe,ftm%m cGJa0ay;a&; t"duwu,fawmh 1961 tapmydkif;umvrSm wdkif;&if;om; acgif;aqmif tcsKdŒ

(txl;ojzifh &Srf;apmfbGm;awG) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&udk ta&;qdkzdk@ pDpOfcJh=uwmucGJxGufcGifhawmif;zdk@ r[kwfbl;As? yifvkHnDvmcHrSm csrSwfcJhwJh tajccHrlrsm;rS wpfpwpfpaoGznfvm+yD; wpfae@wjcm; wdk;wuf qkH;¶_H;vmaewJh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd; tcGifhta&;awGudkrSefrSefuefuef&&Sdzdk@ jzpfw,fAs? wpfenf;ajym&&if 1947 tajccHOya'rSm azmfjyxm;wJhwdkif;&if;om; tcGifhta&;awGudk vufawG@rSm trSefwu,f&&Sda&; awmif;qdkzdk@om pDpOfcJhwmjzpfw,fAs? EkdifiHa&;&JŒ obm0twdkif; tusyfudkifwm zdtm;ay;wm aps;qpfwmaps;udkifwmawGawmh ygcsifvnf; ygrSmayghAsm?

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73


AdkvfcsKyfatmi fqef;&JŒ pum;uíefawmfuawmh wdkif;&if;om;a'oawGrSm aoewfoHawG rpJao;bl;qdkwJh

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taxmuftxm;awG trsm;}uD; &Sdygw,fAsm?........

armi f0Ho29/ 10/ 2012

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wcsdefwnf;rSm Oya'bufawmfom; tm;vHk;wdk@uvnf; w&m;pD&ifa&;r¾dKifudkw&m;rSswpGm ajzmifhrwf =uHhcdkifap+yD; jynfolvlxk xm0& ,Hk=unftm;udk;ae&atmifwm0efawG xrf;aqmifEdkif=uzdk@ arSsmfvifhaeygr,f?

vGi fatmi fpdk;17 / 10 /2012

(Lwin aung soe's facebook rS)

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avab;xnfedkifiHa&;

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87


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88


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91


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odk@aomf awmif&Sd&mt&yfwdk@um; a&$/ aiG/ ausmuf/ oH/ ywWjrm;/ a=u;eD paom&wemawGvnf; udef;atmif;wnf&Sdaewwfonf? tzdk;xdkufwefaom &wemrsm;&SdrSef;odvSsif avmbom;awG a&muf&Sdvmum puf,Eœ&m;}uD;rsm;jzihf twkdif;twmrJh

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wl;,l=uawmhonf? aemufqHk;awmh ayoHk;/ av;/ ig;axmif t&G,ftpm;&Sdaom awmif}uD;rsm;yif wpfvHk;+yD;wpfvHk;vnf; aysmufuG,foGm;=u&avawmhonf?

ucsifjynfe,f zm;uef@a'orSm awmifawG+ydKqif; aysmufuG,foGm;=u&aomfvnf; a'ocHrsm; txdkuftavsmuf tusdK;aus;Zl;&Sdaeojzihf jy\em}uD;}uD;us,fus,fjzpfoH r=um;cJh&? rHk&Gmc¶dkif qm;vif;}uD;+rdKŒe,f&Sd vufyef;awmif;awmif/pHy,fawmif/ a=u;pifawmifrsm;rSmrl a=u;eDxkwfvkyfaom ukr%Drsm;u wm0efcHwm0ef,lr_r&Sd=uojzihf a'ocHjynfolrsm; tusdK;aus;Zl;ryg? vufAvmjzpf=u&+yD; a=u;eDpDrHudef;&yfwef@&ef enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzihf qENjyae=uonf? rdrdwdk@a'orSm owWKodkuf&Sdonf?xkdowWKodkufum; a'ocHrsm;tusdK;r&SdjzpfvSsif jy\emawGjzpfrnfrSm obm0omwnf;?a'ocHrsm;tusdK;&SdapOD;awmh? awmifpOfawmifwef;rsm;. rlvtrnfemryif rusef&Sdatmif+zdKzsufI +ydKysufaysmufuG,fonftxdawmh rnfolurS oabmwlEkdifrnf r[kwfygacs?

ajymomajym&ygonf? uíefrwkd@a'o jrefrmjynftv,fydkif; ykym;awmif}uD;.ajrmufbufjcrf;&Sd awmifay:/ ausmufwHcg;/ i&HŒukef; paomaus;&Gmrsm;rS ydkZkdvef[kac:aomrD;awmifacsmfajrrsm;ud k wl;azmfae=uojzih f awmifom;eH&HawG tawmfysufpD;+ydKusae+yDjzpfovdk v,f,modrf;r_rsm;vnf; jzpfay:aeonf[k od&onf? txl;ojzihfi&HŒukef;&GmteD;rSm tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom obm0ywf0ef;usif ysufpD;aeonfukd awGŒ&onf?uíefruawmh yky`m;awmifa'orSm rnfonfh&wemowWKypPnf;rS rxGufapcsifrdyg?&wemowWKodkufawG&Sdjcif;u vSyaomrdef;rysdKuav;uJhodk@ tEœ&m,frsm;vGef;vSonf?

uíefr.zcifu uíefrudk ykym;awmif}uD;jrif+yDvm;[k jyocJhjcif;u rdrdarG;zGm;&Sifoef&ma'ou awmifwef;}uD;awGudk cspfcifjrwfEkd;wwfzdk@om &nf&G,fcJhavonf?jynfwGif;/ jynfy avmbom;wkd@um; awmifwef;}uD;rsm;twGif;rS &wemodkufudk ajrausm/a&ausm tm;vHk;wufwufajymifatmif azmuf,lpm;&ef t"dur[kwfygvm;?

jzpfEkdifvSsifawmh r,faiGOonf ykym;awmifESihfwuG jrefrmjynfu taemuf¶dk;r/tv,f¶dk;r/ ta&SŒ¶dk;r tp&Sdaom awmifwef;rsm;ukd rnfolrS rjrifrawGŒatmif ESvHk;om;xJrSm odrf;0SufIom xm;vkdufcsifygonf?

r,faiGO

(7days *sme,frSul;,laz: jyygw,f?)

93


jrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf 'Drdkua&pDpepfqDodk@ toGiful;ajymif;vm+yDqdkawmh...?'Drdkua&pDpepf&Jh rl0g'jzpfwJh "vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkcGifh" wdk@ "vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifh"wdk@ "vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh" wdk@qdkwm pepfESifhtwl arG;zGm;vmcJhjcif;yg? jynfolawGtm;vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifh?udk Oya'jyKI cGifhjyKay;jcif;twGuf 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&tm;aus;Zl;wifrdjcif;yg? odk@aomf vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifh&+yDqdkayrJh 'Drdkua&pDpepf&Jhrl0g'rsm;udk jynfolrsm; pepfwusem;vnfrxm;=uao;bl;qdk&if trsKd;om; ,Ofaus;r_udk xdcd kufoGm;Ek difjcif;yg? jynfoltrsm;pk[m trsK d;om;,Ofaus;r_udkxdef;odrf;+yD;'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfudk pepfwus wnfaqmufvdkwm jzpfwJhtwGufa=umifh pme,fZif;rsm;/ykHEdSyfxkwfa0olrsm;/ tifwmeufrD'D,mrsm;rS bmpmrludkyJ xkwfxkwf/ b,f¶kyfykHrsKd;udkyJaz: jyaz: jy/ b,fbavmh*frSmyJwifwif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_/ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_udk qef@usifwJhpmrsKd;/ ykHrsKd;/ AD'D,kdzdkifrsKd;udk pdppf+yD;rS ykHEdSyfxkwfa0 jzef@csday;oifhjcif;yg? udk,fa&;csifwmawGudk a&;vdk@&w,fqdkwdkif;/ tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;rSm udk,fwifcsifwmawGudkwifvdk@&w,fqdkwdkif; xif&mpdkif;=ur,fqdk&ifawmh usm;aoudk toufoGif;rdvdk@ 'kuQa&mufoGm;wJhtjzpfrsKd;awG jzpfoGm;Edkifvdk@yg?

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ESpftawmf=um=um 'Drdkua&pDpepf aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhwJhtwGufjynfol/ jynfom;rsm; tcsKyftcs,f tzdtEdSyf'%frsm;udk tvl;tvJcHcJ h&jcif;yg?'Doifcef;pmrsm;udk jyefvnfqef;ppf=unfhwJhtcg [kd,ciftcgrsm;u ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;udpPrSmvGwfvyfcGifh r&SdcJhavawmh jynfol/ jynfom;rsm; trSefw&m;udkrodEdkif=uyJ qif;&JwGif;eufcJh=u&wmyg? xdk@a=umifh vGwfvyfpGm ykHES dyfxkwfa0cGifhudk arSsmfvifhcJ h =uwmyg?EdkifiHawmft}uD;tuJrsm;&Jh tarSsmftjrif}uD;rm;r_a=umifh vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifhrludkjyÏmef;ay;vkduf+yDrdk@ xdkOya'udk }uKdqdkrdjcif;yg? odk@aomf trsKd;om;a&; ,Ofaus;r_udk

qdkygonf ... odk haomf ...

a'gufwm"rRyd, (ITBMU)

94


rodem;rvnfao;wJh (odk@r[kwf) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_&Jhwefzdk;udk rjrwfEdk;wwfao;wJhvli,f/ vl&G,ftrsm;pku rD'D,muGef,ufrsm;udk trsm;qkH;tokH;jyKae=uwmqdkawmh...?jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_/ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_rsm;udk umuG,fay;EdkifwJh rl0g'wpfckudk Oya'jyKIjyÏmef;ay;zdk@ Oya'jyKtzGJ@tm; wdkufwGef;vdkjcif;yg?

EdkifiHa&;rSm vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifhr&Sdvdk@ jynfol/ jynfom;rsm; rsm;pGmepfemqkH;&SkH;r_rsm; jzpf&w,fqdkwm vufcHEdkifjcif;yg? odk@aomf jynfol@eDwdvdk@ac:wJh tufopfcf(Ethics) udk pepfwus avhvmxm;r_r&SdwJh vli,fvl&G,frsm;tm; vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifhrludk vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;}uD; cGifhjyKvdkufr,fqdkd&if jynfolrsm;twGuf aumif;usKd;ESifhqdk;usKd;b,foif;u ydkrsm;vmEdkifw,fqdkwm jynfol/ jynfom;rsm; }udKwifpOf;pm;Edkif=uzdk@yg?

Ethics qdkwm bmvJ? Ethics qdkwm jynfol@eDwdudk ajymwm? t"dyg,fuvl@,Ofaus;r_&Jh tajccHjzpfwJh udk,fusifhoDv/ udk,fusifh oduQmudktav;xm;jcif;/ ,Ofaus;wJh trlt,m/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifhEG,fwJh jrefrm*k%fudk az:aqmifEdkifwJh 0wfpm;qif,Ofr_jyKvkyfjcif; rsKd;udk Ethics vdk@ac:wm? wdkif;jynfwpfckrSm udk,fydkif,Ofaus;r_/ udk,fydkif"avhxkH;pH/ udk,fydkif0wfpm;qif,Ofr_/ udk,fydkif pmayr&Sd&if xdkvlrsKd;/ xdkwkdif;jynf[maemufqkH;awmh aysmufuG,foGm;wwfwm[m "rRwmyg? 'gukd trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwf&Sdolrsm;odem;vnfEdkif=uzdk@yg?

jrefrmjynfzGm; trsm;pk[m Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;yg? jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfrsm;rSm,Ofaus;r_udka&m/ avmuvlom;rsm;udkyg rysufrpD;atmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEdkifwJhw&m;ESpfyg; (avmuygv w&m; / avmuudk apmifha&SmufwJhw&m;ESpfyg;) udk az: jyxm;jcif;yg? tJ'D w&m;ESpfyg;u [d&D (raumif; r_udkjyKjcif;/ rvkHwvkHH 0wfpm;qif,ifr_rsm;udk&Sufjcif;) ESifh =owWy (raumif;r_udkjyKjcif;/ rvkHwvkHH 0wfpm;qifr_rsm;udk a=umuf&GHŒ jcif;)wdk@udk az:n$ef;xm;jcif;yg? 'Dw&m;ESpfyg;u avmu}uD;udkaum vlom;rsm;udkyg apmifha&Smufxm;jcif;jzpfvdk@ apmifhxdef;vdkufemoifhwJhhw&m;ESpfyg;yg? t&Sufta=umufuif;wJh 0wfpm;qif,ifr_rsKd;[m jref@rm,Of aus;r_ESifh bmom,Ofaus;r_rsm;udkyg zsufqD;Edkifwmrdk@ owdrsm;}udKwif&Sdxm;Edkif=uzdk@yg?

aemuf+yD; tckacwfrSm pwkdifwpfckvdkjzpfvmwJh rvkHwvkH0wfpm;qif,ifr_rsm;a=umifh qdk&S,fjy\emrsm;/ 'kp&kdufr_rsm;ESifh vlr_a&;jy\emrsm;[m wpfae@wpfjcm;wdk;yGm;vmaejcif;yg? Oyrm- ywfbvpf*f{&d,m (Public Area) rsm;Y rdef;uav;rsm;rvkHr+cKH 0wfqifxm;jcif;[m jy\emudk E_d;qGay;jcif;/ 'kp&kdufr_rsm;udk wpfenf;r[kwfwpfenf;enf;jzifh wdkufwGef;ay;ovdk jzpfyGm;apjcif; yg? ,xmblwusus okH;oyfEdkif=uzdk@yg?rvkHwvkH 0wfqifxm;wJhnDr (odk@r[kwf) trwpfa,mufa=umifh avSmifajymif=unfp,fcH&wJh armifwpfa,muf&Jh a'go/ rk'def;r_/ vlowfr_rsm;txd jzpfyGm;oGm;cJhjcif;a=umifh

95


aemufqufwGJjzpfay:vmwJh vlr_a&;jy\em/ rvkHwvkH 0wfqifxm;wJh orD;ESifh [kdem;'Dem;twloGm;vdk@rS roifhawmfwJh zcif&Jhtjzpf/ ray:way: 0wfqifxm;wJh tr odk@r[kwf nDrESifh[kdem; 'Dem; twlwuG roGm;vm&JwJh nDtukdarmifbGm;wdk@&Jh 'kuQ/ 'gawGudk jcKHikHpOf;pm;=unfh&if jrefrm,Ofaus;r_/ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_rsm;udk +cdrf;ajcmufaejcif;yg?

'Drdkua&pDpepft& vGwfvyfayghyg;pGm0wfqifxm;jcif;[m vl@tcGifhta&;wpf&yfyJ r[kwfvm;vdk@ ar;cGef;xkwfvdkolrsm;vnf; &Sdaumif;&SdrSmyg? ukvor*~rS 194*ckESpfuxkwfjyefcJhwJh vl@tcGifhta&; a=unmpmwrf;}uD; (Human Rights) rSm TurBmwGifvl[l orSswdk@onf rdom;pktzGJ@0if nDtpfudk / armifESrrsm;ozG,fjzpf.? xdk@a=umifh oifonfvlcsif;qufqH&mY =uifempGm azmfa&GpGm ,Ofaus;pGmjyKrloifh.... vdk@ az: jyxm;jcif;yg?tazESifhorD;/ tudkESifh ESr/ armifESifh trwkd@t=um; rvkHwvkH0 wfqifxm;r_[m ,Ofaus;pGm jyKr_aejcif;ygvdk@ rnfolrSs ajym0Hhrnfr[kwfyg?

"vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifh" rludk tvGJokH;pm; jyKr_ESifhpyfvsOf;I jrefrmjynfrSm jzpfysufoGm;wJh jzpf&yfav;wpfckudk uGefysLwm*sme,frSm zwfvdkuf&jcif;yg? jzpfykHurdef;uav;wpfa,muf[m ol@cspfol (bGKdif;z&ifh'f) wpfa,mufESifh udk,fykdifvufyfawmhuGefysKwm tifwmeufvdkif;rSwqifh csufwif (pum;ajym) ajymcJh=ujcif;yg? xdkodk@ajym=um;aepOf rdef;uav;u rvkHwvkH0wfqifxm;+yD; olr&Jh bGKdif;z&ifh'ftm; uGefysKwmrSwqifh csufwif vkyf=ujcif;yg? wpfzufrS tufopfcf r&SdwJh bGKdif;z&ifh'fu 0ufbfuif(uifr&m) jzifh xdkykHudk&kduful;+yD;/ xdk"mwfykHudk tifwmeuf0ufbfqdkuf pmrsufESmay:rSmwifxm;cJh&m xdkykHudk xdkrdef;uav;&Jh tazuawG@&SdI xdk"mwfykHrsm;rSmygwJh rdef;uav;[mol@orD;ESifh wlovdkvdk&Sdwmrdk@ xdkykHudk taotjcm=unfh&Sk&m ol@orD;&Jh "mwfykHjzpfaeI,lusKH;r& jzpfoGm;cJh&wJh tjzpftysufav;wpfckyg? tufopfcfr&SdwJh odk@r[kwf tufopfcf&Jhwef;zdk;udk tvGJokH;pm;jyKvdkolrsm;ESifh pmaypdppf a&;Y txdef;tuGyfr&SdawmhwJh "vGwfvyfpGmykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifh" qdkwJh 'Drl0g'wdk@t=um; bmawGrsm; qufvufjzpfay:vmrvJ qdkwm&ifwrrjzifh qufvuf&Skpm;=uzdk@yg?

om;orD;awGudk v$wfrxm;ygeJ@ tifwmeufu 'kuQay;vdrfhr,f... qdkwJhacgif;pOfav;udkawG@&vdk@ zwf=unfhrdw,f? tifwmeufeJ@ vli,fwdk@&Jhb0[m pdwfylp&mtqifhxd a&mufaea=umif;udk jynfolrsm;udkodapvdkwJh apwemt&if;cHeJ@ a&;om;xm;jcif;yg? avmu}uD;u wpfcgwpf&HrSmawmh pdwf¶_yfp&m}uD;yg? &kd;om;olESifh aumufuspfol/yGifhvif;olESifh vSsKdŒ0Sufol/ ajzmifhrwfolESifh vdrfwwfol/ v,folESifh tol/ 'DvlawGtm;+ydKifvm=u&if &kd;om;olawG/ tolawGom trsm;qkH; cH=u&wmyg? e,f+rdKŒwpf+rKdŒu tjzpftysufav;wpfckyg? i,f&G,folwdk@&Jhobm0u pl;prf;csifwJhobm0? jzpfykHu rdef;uav;ESpfa,muf[m tdrfcef;xJrSm t0wf tpm;awGcGswf+yD; "mwfykH&kduf=uwJhjzpf&yfyg? "mwfykHawG

96


pdwfwdkif;us&kduf+yD;wJhtcg tJ'DxJu wpfa,mufu 'D"mwfykHawGudk tifwmeufay:rSmwifr,fqdk+yD; aiGnSpf,lwJhudpPyg? udk,fvkH;wD;t&kdufcH&wJh rdef;uav;u ol@ykHawGtifwmeufay:rSm wifcH&rSmudk a=umufawmh awmif;orSsaiGudk ay;ae&if; ray;EdkifawmhwJhtqkH;rSmrS 'DZmwfxkyfu ay:vmcJhjcif;yg? 'Dae&mrSm q,fausmfoufwdk@udkajymvkdwmu rv,fyJeJ@ rqef;csifygeJ@vdk@? 'Dvdkajym&wmu avmu}uD;xJrSm tEW&m,fawGursm;vGef;vdk@yg? om;orD;&Sdolwdkif; pOf;pm;Edkif=uzdk@yg?

usm;aoudk toufoGif;ay;rdwJha,musfm; bmjzpfoGm;vJqdkwJh tcsufudkpOf;pm;olu r&Sdoavmufyg? tcktcsdefrSm jynfolrsm;&Jh qENrsm; jynfh0vm+yDvdk@ qdkvdk@&ayrJhwpfzufrSvnf; &ifqdkifajz&Sif;&rJht&mawGu rsm;jym;vmaejcif;yg? vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifhrludk jyÏmef;ay;vkdufjcif;twGuf }udKqdkaerdaomfvnf; ae&mwdkif;rSmawmh r}udKqdkcsifyg?tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf wif;vGef;&if jywf/ avSsmhvGef;&if ywf/ qdkwmrsKd;vdk vGwfvyfpGmykHES dyfxkwfa0cGif hrlu odyfavSsmhvGef;ae&ifawmh trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_udk &pfywf+yD;jref@rm,Ofaus;r_udk taemufwdkif; ,Ofaus;r_awGESifh zkH;vGrf;oGm;rSmudk pdk;&drfrdvdk@yg?,Ofaus;r_aysmuf&if vlrsKd;aysmufoGm; Edkifw,fqkdwJh tcsufudkawmh jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_udkjrwfEdk;olwdkif; }udKwifpOf;pm;Edkif=uzdk@yg?

EdkifiHawmf&JhtcsKyftcsmtm%mwnf+rJa&;ESifh jynfol/ jynfom;rsm; +idrf;csrf;pGmtwlaexdkifEdkifa&;rSm 'Drdkua&pDpepfrSvmwJh rl0g' rsm;ESifh rvkHavmufEdkifyg? jrefrm@,Ofaus;r_/ trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_/ bmom,Ofaus;rsm;udk &SifoefapEdkifwJh trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwfrsm;/ bmoma&; pdwf"mwfrsm;udk jrSifhwifay;Edkif=uzdk@yg? jrefrm@,Ofaus;r_/trsKd;om;,Ofaus;r_rsm;udk pepfwus xdef;odrf;Edkifzdk@ oifhwifhavSsmufywfwJh Oya'rl0g'rsm;udk a&;qGJxm;oifhjcif;yg? EdkifiHa&; vGwfvyfcGifhtwGuf vGwfvyfpGm ykHESdyfxkwfa0cGifhudktwnfjyK jyÏmef;ay;jcif;[m 'Drdkua&pDpepf&Jh t"dur¾ dKif jzpfaomfvnf; wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif xdkpepfjzifhyif vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wygwnf; umuG,fay;Edkif=uzdk@yg?

'Drdkua&pDpepfudk usifhokH;&mrSm umva'otvdkuf/ EdkifiHtvdkuf/ vlrsKd;tvdkufusifhokH;r_rsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;r_rsm; &Sdaejcif;yg? Oyrm/ rav;&Sm;EdkifiH jynfe,fESpfckY rdef;uav;rsm; rsufESmay:&kHrSswyg; acgif;wpfacgif;vkH;udk tjyifxGufwdkif; +cKHxm;&jcif;/ vufaumuf0wfzkH;atmif/ ajcrsufpdzkH;atmif t+rJwrf;0wfxm;&jcif;wdk@udk Oya'jzifh jyÏmef;ay;xm;jcif;yg? 'DvdkjyKvkyf&jcif;[m 'Drdku a&pDusifhxkH;udk olwdk@,Ofaus;r_ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdatmif Oya'jyKI jyÏmef;ay;&jcif;vdk@ olwdk@,kH=unfxm;=ujcif;yg? xdk@a=umifhvGwfvyfcGifh&Sdw,f qdkwdkif; xif&mpkdif;vdk@ roifhawmfyg? jzpfoifhwmu pHkyk0g b,fnmcsxm;wJh jrefrmyDowJh jrefrmtrsKd;orD;wdk@&J tvSusufoa&udk jrefrmtrsKd;orD;wdk@ *k%f,lwwf=uzdk@yg? owif;pm/ *sme,f/ r*~Zif;rsm;/ bavmh*frsm;Yvnf; ray:way:/ rvkH@ wvkH

97


0wfqifxm;wJh"mwfykHrsm;udk ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;/ jzef@csdaejcif;/ az: jyaejcif;rsdK;awGudk rjyKapyJ/jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_/ trsKd;om; ,Ofaus;r_rsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufEkdif&ef Oya'jyKjyÏmef;Iwm;qD;ydwfyifay;Edkif&ef wdkufwGef;&jcif;yg?

jrefrm,Ofaus;r_ESifh jrefrm*k%fa&mifudk xGef;ajymifEkdifapzdk@ pkHyk0g b,fnmcsxm;wJh jrefrmh trsK d;orD;rsm;&J h ,Ofaus;wJ h[eftrlt,m/ ausmh&Sif;wJ htusô/cef@xnfwJhxrdefudk 0wfpm;qif,ifEdkif=uzdk@yg? xdkuJhodk@jyKvkyfEkdif=ur,fqdk&if jrefrmtrsKd;orD;awG&Jh 0wfpm;qif,ifr_udk urBmhvlom;rsm;u r=umrwifrSmyif todtrSwfjyKvm=urSmyg? ,Ofaus;r_udk npfax;apEdkifwJh vGwfvyfvGef;wJh ykHESdyf xkwfa0r_rsm;udkvnf;wm;qD;ay;Edkif=uzdk@yg? ajymvdkwmuawmh ,Ofaus;r_tarGtESpfrsm;ryaysmufrD avmuygvw&m;rsm; qufvuf xGef;um;aeatmif 0dkif;0ef;apmifha&Smuf ay;=uzdk@yg? csrf;ompGmtdyfpufEdkif=uygap?

a'gufwm"rRyd, (ITBMU)

(rdk;rc rD'D,mrS)

.....................................

axmifESifhrdcifvlxka':trm

xGuf+yD

- udk,fawG hjzpf&yfrSef pmpkrsm; - zdk;oH (vlxk) trSmpum;ESifhtwl - tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; (*syef) rS pDpOfxkwfa0 jzef hcsdonf?

98


&kkyfukkdom jyif pdwf rjyif&kkyfoGifom vS pdwf rvS

pddwfukkdvnf; jyif &kkyfvnf; jyifjyifqifwkkdif;& jyKwkkdif; vSokkcedAŠmef wkkdifvdrfhr,f

Three stages of life

(1) Children and teenagers

Have energy

Have time

But no money

(2) Adults

Have energy

Have money

But no time

(3) Elderly people

Have money

Have time

But no energy

jyifqifjcif; tEkkynm

t&Si f ^m%dumbd0Ho

99


uav;t&G,feJ@ q,fausmfoufwdk@rSm cGeftm;awG &Sdw,f/ tcsdefvnf; &Sdw,f/'gayr,fh aiGawmh r&Sdbl;?

oufvwfrsm;rSmawmh cGeftm; &Sdw,f/ aiG &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh tcsdef r&Sdbl;?(ESpfq,fausmfp vkkyfief;cGif 0ifcsdefup+yD; yifpifpm;csdef ajcmufq,fhig;0ef;usifavmuft&G,frsm;vkd@ t=urf;pm; owfrSwfEdkifr,f xifygw,f?)

ouf}uD;&G,ftkdrsm;rSmawmh aiG &Sdw,f/ tcsdef &Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh tm;tifawmhr&Sd=uawmhbl; ... wJh?

tD;ar;vfuae a&mufvmwJh 'Dpmav;u trsm;pkaomolawG&J hb0eJ@xyfwljzpfr,fhpmav;yJqkd+yD; ESpfouf oabmusrdw,f? aemuf+yD; b0qkkdwm jynfhpkkHw,f&,fvkkd@ r&Sdbl;? vkkdtyfcsuf wckawmh t+rJ&SdaewmyJvkd@ ajymvkkdwmrsm; jzpfavrvm;vkd@vnf; awG;rdw,f?

cGeftm;awG tcsdefawG &Sdayr,fhvnf; aiG r&SdvSsifjzifh bmrSvkkyfvkd@ rjzpfEkkdifbl;qkkdwJhuav;i,fb0ukkd n$ef;+yD; aiG&Jhwefzkd;}uD;rSKukkd rD;armif;xkd;jyvkkddwmvm;? cGeftm;awGaiGa=u;awG &Sdayr,fhvnf; rsm;jym; vGef;vSwJh tvkkyfwm0efawG=um;rSm &Sm;yg;vGef;vSwJhtcsdefjy\ema=umifh &SdwJhcGeftm;eJ@ aiGa=u;ukdawmif pepfwus rokH;EdkifavmufatmifjzpfaewJh acwfumv&Jh vlrSKb0 o&kkyfo¾mefukkd nGefjy vkdwmvm;? tcsdefawG aiGawG&Sdayr,fhvnf; ukkd,fhajcukkd,fhvufukdrS ro,fEkdifavmufatmif tm;tif csnfheJ@aewJhouf}uD;&G,ftkdb0ukkd rD;armifxkd;jy+yD; owdoHa0 ,lapcsifvkkd@rsm; 'Dpmav;ukkd a&;jyvkdufwmavvm;? wu,fh tajzrSefukkdawmh 'Dpmav;ukkd a&;vkdufwJh olukkd,fwkdifrSomvSsifyJodayvdrfhr,f?

pmav;ukd zwfrd+yD; 'Dpmav;u ajymjywJhta=umif;eJ@ ukkd,fhb0ukd ESdKif;,SOf=unfhrdw,f? vuf&Sd ysrf;rSs vl@oufwrf;t&qkdvSsif ukkd,fhtoufu eHywf 2 tqifhrSmygw,fvkd@ ajym&r,fh t&G,f? cGeftm; &Sdw,f/ aiG &Sdw,f/ tcsdeff r&Sdbl;qkdwJh t&G,fxJrSmaygh? okkd@ayr,fh ukkd,fhb0&JhykkHpHukkdu omrefvlom;awGvkkd avmuDb0xJrSm aexkdif+yD;avmuvlrSK wm0efawGeJ@ vkH;axG;aewJh ykHpHr[kwfvkd@ txufu pmxJuvkkd t&G,fokkH;yg;&Jh'kwd,tqifh;rsdK;eJ@ xyfwltus}uD;awmhvnf; r[kkwfygbl;? wu,fwrf; xyfwlusvkkd@vnf;oifhawmfr,f r[kkwfygbl;?

ukd,fu pmxJuvdk Have energy - tiftm;tjynfht0 &SdwJh tm;aumif;armif;oefwOD;vkkd@ rqkkdEkkdifvSsifawmif vkkyfEkdifukkdifEkdifwJh cGeftm;awmh tawmftwef &Sdw,f?'Dawmh 'Dtcsuf &mE_ef;jynfh r[kkwfawmif &mckkdfifE_ef; &Spfq,fausmf ukkd;q,favmufrSefw,fvkkd@ ajymEkkdifw,f? 'kkwd,t&G,frSm Have money - wJh? oD;oef@0ifaiG&atmif&SmazGaeolwOD; r[kkwfvkd@ aiGa=u;csrf;omwJholwOD;awmh r[kkwfbl;? okkd@ayr,fh tm;ay;

100

1 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 0 tvif;tdrfr*~Zif; twGJ(6)trSwf(2)

axmufyHholrsm;&Jh apwempGrf;tm;a=umifh ukd,fvkyfcsifwJht&m/ 0goemygwJht&menf;enf;yg;yg;ukkd vkkyfEdkkifavmufatmifawmh ajyvnfolwOD;vdk@ qkdEkkdifygw,f? 'Dawmh'Dtcsufvnf; ckepfq,fhig;&mE_eff;avmuf rSefw,fvkd@ ajymEkkdifr,f xifw,f?

But no time – tcsdefr&Sdbl;vkkd@ qkkd&atmifawmh busy - aeol/ tvkkyf&SKyfaeolwOD;awmh r[kkwfygbl;? wcgwav }uKHawmifh}uKHcJ wcsdefwnf;rSm vkkyfukkdif&rnfhtvkkyfESpfrsdK;/ okkH;rsdK;&SdwwfwmuvGJvkkd@ tvkkyf&SKyfaew,f qkkdwmrsdK; r&Sdwwfygbl;? tvkkyfr&SKyfovkkd t&SKyf rvkkyfjzpfatmifvnf; qifqifjcifjcif }udK;pm;aewwfwm a=umifhvnf;jzpfaumif; jzpfEkdifygw,f? 'ga=umifh But no time -qkdwJh 'Dtcsufuawmh ukd,feJ@ukdufw,fvkd@ qkdEkdifr,f rxifygbl;? ajym&vsif wckckukd vkyfvdkvSsifjzifh vkkyfcGifhomavmufatmif tcsdeff vHkvkHavmufavmuf &Sdw,fvkkd@ ajymEkkdifygw,f?

Have energy - cGeftm;&SdwJh t&G,f ? usef;rma&;uvnf; pif;vkkH;acsm taumif;csnf; rqkk domawmif emrusef;jzpfaeol wOD;awmh r[kkwfygbl;? 'Dawmh &SdaewJhum,cGeftm;/ ^m%cGeftm;/ 'DcGeftm;awGukd ukd,fhtwGuf trsm;twGuf tusdK;jzpfrnfht&mawGrSm tokkH;cswwfzkd@ vkdayvdrfhr,f? cGeftm;awG &Sdygvsufu,feJ@ &SdaewJhcGeftm;ukkdtokkH;rcsygyJ b0&Jhwwd, t&G,fvkkd@ajym&r,fh cGeftm;rJht&G,f a&mufoGm;r,fqkkdvsiftawmfyif 0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;ayvdrfhr,f? &SdaewJh ukkd,fykkdifcGeftm;awG qkkdwmu ukkd,ftokkH;csonfjzpfap/ tokkH;rcsyJ aeonfyJjzpfap/ ouf}uD;&G,ftkkdjzpfwJh wwd,t&G,ftxdygvmEkdifrSmrsdK;rS r[kkwfwm? ygvmEdkifw,f qkdapOD;? wwd,t&G,ftxd ukkd,fhoufwrf;u&SnfcsifrSvnf; &SnfEkkdifrSm? ukd,fh ywf0ef;usifrSm/ ukd,fhtodxJrSm ukd,fhatmuf i,f&G,folawG/ ukd,feJ@ wef;wl&G,fwlawG/ ukd,fhxuf tenf;i,frSsavmufomyJ }uD;&ifholawGaoqkkH;oGm;cJh=uwm enf;wmrS r[kwfawmhwm? ukd,fhtvSnfh b,fawmh a&mufvmr,fqkkdwm ukkd,fukd,fwkdif }udKwif odEdkifwmrsdK;rSvnf; r[kkwfwm?

cGeftm;qkdwmrsdK;u ukkd,fpdwfESpfyg; usef;rma&;aumif;rGefrSKukd tajccH+yD;rS&vmEkkdifwJh aumif;usdK;&v'frsdK; r[kkwfvm;? ukd,f usef;rma&; azmufjyefvkkd@yJjzpfjzpf/pdwfusef;rma&; r[efvkd@yJjzpfjzpf/ wpfckcku ykHrSefr[kkwfawmhbl; qkdvsifjzifh b,frSmvmvkkd@cGeftm;jynfhol/ cGeftm;&SdolwOD;vkkd@ qkdEkkdifygawmhrvJ?'ga=umifh ukd,fcGeftm; pdwf"mwfcGeftm; jynfh0aumif;rGefolwOD; jzpfapzkd@ cGeftm;jynfhrnfht&mawGukd vkkyfzkd@ vkdayvdrfhr,f?ukd,fpdwfESpfyg; usef;rma&;aumif;rGefzkkd@ jyKjyif&rnfht&mawG jyKjyifzkd@ vkdayvdrfhr,f?tusdK;&v'fawG aumif;apzkkd@ ta=umif;w&m;awGukd aumif;atmifvkyfay;zkd@ vkdayvdrfhr,f?

ukkd,fpdwfESpfyg;qkdwm uH&,f/ pdwf&,f/ &moDOwk&,f/ tpmt[m&&,fukdta=umif;cH+yD; jzpfay:avh&Sdw,f? tusdK;&v'f jzpfwJhw&m;awG aumif;vmapzkd@/ &kyfaumif;emrfaumif;awG jzpfapzkd@/ ukd,fvnf; usef;rm/ pdwfvnf; csrf;om jzpfEkdifapzkd@ uHawG

101


aumif;atmif/ pdwf"mwfawG aumif;atmif vkkyfaqmifzkd@ &moDOwktnD oifhwifh rSswatmifaexkdifzkd@/ usef;rma&;twGuf taxmuftyHhaumif;aumif; jzpfapr,fh tpmt[m&awGukkd a&G;cs,fum pm;aomufzkd@ vkdayvdrfhr,f?

bmyJjzpfjzpfyg? t&G,fokkH;yg;xJrSm 'kwd,t&G,frSmu tcsdeffr&Sdbl; qkkdayr,fha&G;cs,fEkdifcGifhrsm;wJh t&G,f/ vkkyfEkkdifpGrf;tm;awG taumif;qkH;t&G,fyJ r[kkwffvm;? uav;eJ@q,fausmfoufawGrSmu ol wkkd@rSm r&SdwJhaiGa=u;ukkd &Sdvmatmif zefwD;zkkd@ tcGifhtvrf;utvGefenf;yg;ygw,f? ouf}uD;&G,ftkkdawG rSmvnf; olwkkd@rSm r&SdEkkdfifawmhwJh cGeftm;ukkdcGeftm;jynfh0olwpfOD; jzpfvmEkkdifapzkkd@ zeffwD;vkkd@ r&Ekkdifawmh ygbl;? oufvwfawGrSmutcsdefr&Sdbl; qkdayr,fh tJ'Dtcsdefudk pepfwus pDrHzefwD;um t&,lr,fqkdvsif&EkkdifwJhtcGifhtvrf; &Sdygw,f?

yxrt&G,fjzpfwJh uav;i,fawG/ q,fausmfoufawG aiGa=u; r&Sdvkd@/csdKŒwJhEGrf;yg;vkkd@ olwkd@b0 wufvrf; ydwfqkd@aew,fqdkvSsif tJ'D tydwftqkkd@ twm;tqD;ukdz,f&Sm;Ekkdifatmif/ olwkd@awG avSsmufvSrf;=uwJh vrf;=urf;=urf;awG acsmarGŒom,m jzpfvmapatmif tm;ay;axmufyHh vkyf=u&r,f r[kwfvm;? tvm;wlyg yJ/ cGeftm;r&SdwJhouf}uD;&G,ftkdawG/ ukkd,fhajcukkdrS ukkd,f r˜rEkdif/ ukd,fhvufukd,frS ukkd,f rcsDEkkdif=uwJhtaersdK;rSm ukkd,fhrSm&SdaewJh cGeftm;tcsdKŒukd olwkd@awGtwGuf rSswcGJa0+yD; Z&mtkdrsm;&JhaendKcsdefukkd xdefvif; 0if;y om,matmif/ +idrf;at; csrf;ajrh vSyatmif vkyfaqmifay;zkd@vkkdw,f r[kwfvm;?

ra&mufwm=umwJh arG;&yfajrukkd tvnfjyefawmh i,fq&mawmfu &GmjyefvmwJhol@wynfhukkd +rdKif+rdKifqkdifqkdif }udKqkdyGJ vkkyfygw,f? qkkdifu,feJ@ &Gmom; av;ig;q,favmufuig;rkdifcef@ a0;uGmwJh +rdKŒi,fav;txd ta&mufvm+yD; }udKqdk=uw,f? vrf;avSsmufEkkdifwJhuav;i,frsm;eJ@ oufvwft&G,f w&mausmfcef@uawmh wrkdifavmufa0;wJh vrf;qkHwcktxd ta&mufvm+yD; &Gmjyefukkd,fawmf}uD;ukd vm}udK=uw,f?

ukd,fawmf}uD;vkd@ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f nGef;&wmu vma&muf }udKqkkd=uwJh 'D&mausmfrSsavmufolawGxJrSm ukkd,fhukkd,fwcgrS rawGŒrjrifbl;wJh vli,fawGu ykdrsm;rSmrkkd@emrnfavmufom olwkkd@awG =um;zl;aewJh tar&duefjyef ukkd,fawmf}uD;qkdwm b,fvkdrsm;aeavrvJvkkd@ OD;OD;zsm;zsm; pl;prf;vkdvkkd@ t}udKa&muf vm=uwmjzpfr,fvkd@ cef@rSef;rdvkkd@ yg?

&GmOD;xdyfrSmawmh w&GmvkH;rSm&SddwJh vlpkHwufpkHxGufvkd@ jynfawmfjyef&Gmom;ukkd'kd;ywf0kdif;awG qiftu awGeJ@ +rdKif+rdKifqkkdifqkkdif }udKqkkd=uw,f? 'DtxJrSm toufukkd;q,fjynfh+yDjzpfwJh ukkd,fhtar&Jh tar/ ukkd,fhtzGm; (ukd,fht&yftac: tar}uD;) vnf; yg ygw,f?ukkd,fhtzGm;u omreftcsdefrsm;rSmqkd ol@tdrfxJuae b,fukdrS rxGufawmhbl; wJh? okd@ayr,fhta0;uae ol@ajr;jyefvmw,fqkkdawmh &GmOD;xdyftxd rarmyef;EkdifpGm }udK;pm;+yD; vma&muf

102


}udKqkd&Smw,f?olwkkd@raorDrSm ukd,fhukd,f wcgavmufawmh awGŒcsifygao;w,fvkd@ ajymcJh=uwJh

ukd,fh&Jh i,fq&m bkef;awmf}uD;eJ@ ukd,fh&Jhtbkd;;jzpfol OD;Zif;}uD;wkd@@vnf; oufawmfukd;q,ft&G,frsm;rSm ysHvGefawmfrlcJ h =uw,f? olwkk d@qEN jynfh0oGm;atmifawmh ukd,furjznfhqnf;EkdifcJhygbl;?

olwkd@vkdyJ raorD ukd,fhukd,f wcgavmufawmh awGŒvkdygao;w,fqkdwJhukd,fhtar}uD;&JhqENukkdawmh ukkd,fu jznfhqnf;ay;EkdifcJh+yD? tar}uD; ckykHqkd ZmwmxJuvkdyJtoufw&mhESpfq,f &SnfOD;rSmvkd@ ukd,fu ajymawmh ajr; od=um;rif;&SdaerSawmh&SnfOD;rSmayghvkd@ tzGm;u jyef ajymw,f? tzGm; &nf&G,fwJh pum;ukd ukkd,fu aumif;aumif;em;vnfcJhawmh ol@twGuf cGeftm;jzpfaprnfht&mtcsdK@ukd jyKvkyf ay;EkdifcJhwJh ukkd,fhvkkyf&yftwGuf auseyfrdum =unfEl;0rf;omjzpfrdygw,f? tzGm;&Jhem;eJ@rsufpdu ol@orD;jzpfwJhukkd,fhtarxufawmif ykkdaumif;aeygao;w,f? vlwpfOD;csif;pD&Jh ukokdvfuHw&m;u rwluGJjym; wwf=uwm obm0yJav?

'Dpmav;udk toufukd;q,ft&G,f &Gmu tar}uD;twGuf trSwfw&&nf&G,fum a&;vkdufwmyg? ukd,fhtar}uD;vkdyJ touft&G,f }uD;&ihfwJh oifhrdbeJ@ oifhtzkd;tzGm;awG/ oifh aqGrsdK; ouf}uD;&G,ftkkdawG/ aqGrsdK; r[kkwfaomfvnf; oifh tultnDukdvkkdaer,fholawG oifh ywf0ef;usifrSmvnf; &Sdaumif; &SdEkkdifrSmyg? oifh&Jh cGeftm;/ oifh&Jh aiGa=u;/oifh&Jh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; tcsdefxJu tenf;i,frSsavmufyif jzpfapOD;/ olwkkd@twGuf rSswcGJa0ay;cJhr,fqkdvSsif olwkd@ vkdaewJhcGeftm;ukkd jznfhqnf;ay;vkdufovkd jzpfoGm;EkdifrSmyg?'g[m oifhuHudk aumif;atmif jyKjyifjcif;/ oifhpdwfukd aumif;atmif jyKjyifjcif;&Jhtpdwftykdif;wckvnf;yJ jzpfoGm;rSmyg? ?

t&Si f ^m%dumbd0Hoar 28 &uf/ 2012

(bm;rm;wla'; rS)

103


1964ck Zefe0g&Dv 12 &ufae@wGif awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&u t*FvdyfbmomESifhWorking People's Daily owif;pmudk pwifxkwfa0onf? jrefrmbmomjzifh xkwfa0aom vkyfom;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmESifh +ydKifI xkwfum tpdk;&ydkif owif;pm ESpfapmifESifhe*dku&Sd aeaom yk*~vduydkif owif;pmrsm;udk wdkufonf?

owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf &efukefwuUodkvfrS t*Fvdyfbmom q&m}uD;OD;cifarmifvwftm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;udk,fwdkif a&G;cs,fcef@xm;onf?

AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u OD;cifarmifvwftm; zdwfac:awG@qHkum "vGwfvyfpGma&;yg "[k&ufa&mpGm ajymqdkI wm0efay;onf?

w¶kwfjynfwGif armfpDwkef;u "yef;wdkif;yGifhygap" vrf;pOfudk csrSwfum EdkifiHom;wdkif; vGwfvyfpGm a&;om;ap[k apwvHk;ESifh trdef@ay;cJhonfh enf;wl jrefrm jynfwGifvnf;"vkyfom; jynfolwdk@ tjyKoabmESifh a0zefa&;om;csuf rsm;udk ay;ydk@ygu jynfolydkifowif;pmrsm;u yHkESdyf azmfjyrnf"[k jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu 1965ck =o*kwfv 24&ufae@wGif a=unmonf?

1962ck rwfvu wufvm+yD; aemuf*sLvdkif 7 &uf ausmif;om;rsm;udk owfjzwfIor*~wdkufudk zsufcGJum "wyfrawmf rxdeJ@ "g;udk"g;csif;/ vSHudkvSHcsif; wHk@jyefrnf "[kAdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if; udk,fwdkif vlxkudk ppfa=unmxm;ojzifh wkwfwkwfrv_yf 0Hhaom vlxkuvGwfvyfpGm a&;om;cGifh zdwfpmudk =um;vdkufaomfvnf; pdwfrcsEdkif jzpfae=uonf?

jyefawG;rdaom trSwfw& jrufxHk;}uD;yHkjyif

atmi fAv

104


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xdk@a=umifh jrefrmvkyfom; jynfol@owif;pmrSm t,f'Dwmrif;wdk@ txHodk@ r&Jw&Jay; ydk@aom pmwdk@rS rxdwxd pmrltenf;i,fudk azmfjyEdkifcJhonf?

t*Fvdyfbmom vkyfom;jynfol t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;cifarmifvwfu &,fonf?vmor# pmwdk@rS tpdk;&jyKrlcsuf rSefuefr_ r&Sd[k a&;om;apumrl tajctjrpf cdkifvHkaompmrsm;udk yHkESdyf azmfjyonf? 'Drdkua&pD acwfu vGwfvyfpGm a&mif;0,fazmufum;cGifh &SdojzifhEdkifiHom;wdk@ }uD;yGg;vrf; &Sdapumrl jrefrmh qdk&S,fvpf acwfwGif EdkifiHom;wkd@ }uD;ygG;vrf;r&Sd? xdk@twl EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&vnf; }uD;ygG;rnf r[kwf[k a&;onfh pmtrsm; a&mufvmonf?a&;olwdk@u pmwwfaywwf ynmwwfrsm; jzpfojzifh olwdk@. ,lqcsuf rsm;udk pm&if;Z,m;rsm;ESifh ydkifEdkifpGm a&;wwf=uonf? q&m OD;cifarmifvwf uvnf; owWdaumif;onf?pmtrsm;udk owif;pmu azmfjyay;onf? q&m}uD;ESifh q&muawmf a':cifrsdK;cspf wdk@uvnf;&J&JawG;+yD; &J&Ja&; =uao;onf?

t*Fvdyf owif;pmu &J&ifhpGm azmfjyonfudk jrif&ojzifh axmifwGif;&Sd atmifAvwdk@ vlpkonfyif "q&m}uD; b,fawmh a&mufvmrnfvJ "[k awG;awmum vSHzsm;wGifem;aeonfh ykpOf;twGuf a=umufacs;ygaerd=uonf?

OD;cifarmifvwftm; owif;pm wyfOD;Y ppfuJwif rdaom AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;onfvnf; toJ,m; aernfrSm rkcsjzpfonf? udk,fwifwJh ppfuJ udk,fjyefcs&efrSmvnf; rvG,fojzifhvufydkufI =unfhae&onf?

ESpftenf;i,f =umaom tcg AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u qufvufI onf;rcHEdkifawmh+yD? wae@wGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0if;u q&m}uD; OD;cifarmifvwftm; vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef zdwfac: onf? vufzuf&nfyGJwGif tvmyovmy pum;rsm; tmazmifpGmajymum Adkvfae0if; avcsdK aoG;onf? OD;cifarmifvwfuvnf; &dyfpm;rdonf? ppfAdkvf}uD;rsm;ESifh rqvygwDwGif ae&m&Sdxm; ol"uGefjrLepfysuf"rsm;u t*Fvdyf vkyfom;rS pmrsm;aqmif;yg; rsm;a=umifh pnf;¶Hk;a&; ysufae& onf[k a&;onfomru t*Fvdyfvkyfom;udkta&;,loifh+yD[k ajAmifajymae=u onfudkvnf; em;rqHhatmif =um;&+yD; jzpfonf?

"q&mtzdk@ EdkifiHawmf twGuf vkyf&wm yifyef;vSyg+yD"[k pum;tpysdK;um"EdkifiHjcm; at;at;aq;aq; oGm;+yD; em;em;aeae aeygvm;/ oHtrwftjzpf }udKufwJhwdkif;jynf ydk@ay;ygr,f"

"bmAs"[k OD;cifarmifvwfu jyefar;onf? oHtrwf &mxl;[laom pum;vHk;udkajymonfESifh pum;rqHk;rD &Sdcdk;'l;axmuf=uaom ppfAdkvfrsm;udk om awG@zl;ol Adkvfae0if;u

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"oHtrwf &mxl;cef@zdk@ pDpOfaeygw,f "[k &Sif;jyonf?"Edk; Edk; Edk; Edk; u|efawmf oHtrwf rvkyfcsifbl;/ pmay0goemom ygw,f? [J[J

AdkvfcsKyfwdk@ tpdk;&u u|efawmfhudk r}udKufzl;qdkwm &dyfrdygw,f? u|efawmf &mxl;u xGufay;ygr,f"[k csdKomacsiHpGm ajymum pm;yGJrS xaomtcg AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u avmuGwfyif rjyKyJxdkifae&pfcJh &Smonf?

xdktcsdefwGif tif;pdefaxmifxGuf atmifAvrSm jynfolydkif owif;pm av;apmif.yifwdkifaqmif;yg;&Sif tjzpf vdkifpif& owif;pm q&mjzpfaeav+yD?

"vma[h vufzuf&nf aomuf&atmif"[k tdrfawmfrS jyefvmol q&mOD;cifarmifvwfu zkef;qufI ac:ojzifh aomufaeus ¶Hk;or0g,r vufzuf&nfqdkifodk@vdkufoGm;onf? qdkifwGif;odk@ a=u;rHk'kwd, t,f'Dwm udk0if;wifvnf; a&mufvmonf?

"tm;vHk;csdKcg;a[h"[k qdkif&Siftm;rSm&if; "rif;wdk@AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&J@ tdrfawmfuvufzuf&nfu aygh&$wf&$wfyguGm"[k pum;p&if; jzpfcJhor#udk aemufa=umif;jyefIajym&Smonf?

q&m}uD;wGif &mxl;twGuf wyfruf 0rf;enf;r_ r&Sdonfudk odompGmjrif&onf?xdk&m xl;udk q&m}uD;twGuf wyfrufaeolwdk@rSm udk0if;wifESifh atmifAvwdk@om jzpfonf?xdk&mxl;onf q&m}uD; wpfOD;wnf;om xdkufwefonf jzpfojzifh q&m}uD;twGuf vGefrif;pGmrcHcsdjzpf rd=uonf?

"pdwfxdcdkufp&m r&Sdygbl; wdk@u olwdk@aumif;usdK; twGuf ajymwmudk olwdk@uvufrcHcsifawmh olwdk@emw,f/ aemuf+yD; wdkif;jynfemwmayghuGm"[k aumufcsufcs&if;tdrfawmfrS vufzuf&nfxuf ydkI csdK/ ydkI cg;aom vufzuf&nfudk t&omcHum aomuf&if;Zdrf,laeawmhonf?

atmifAvwGif uavmif&Sdonf? a&;ydkifcGifh vdkifpifvnf;&Sdonf? atmifAvtm;AdkvfcsKyf}uD; trdef@t& &mxl;cef@pOfu jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;u "vGwfvyfpGm a&;yg "[k apwvHk;ay;cJh onf? q&mOD;cifarmifvwf udpPudk aqmif;yg;a&;rS jzpfrnf[k atmufyg aqmif;yg;udkaumufa&;+yD; vkyfom;jynfol owif;pmrS yHkESdyfvdkufonf? rdrd txufrS twGif;0ef ppfAdkvfur&Jw&J "q&ma&;wm vGefoaem"[k aumufcsufcs&Smonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;ESifh =uHK}udKufojzifh awG@aom tcg rjyHK;pzl; jyHK;onfudk jrif&.?

w&Ha&mtcg...awmpyfwpfck&Sd Z&yfwpfaqmifwGif zkef;awmif;pm; wpfOD;onfxdkifaepOf t0wftpm; awmufypGm 0wfqifxm;onfh vlwpfa,mufonf jrufxHk;}uD;udkxrf;I0if vmonfudk jrif&owJh? xdkolonf jrufxHk;udk xrf;ydk;ESifh xrf;aomfvnf; tjcm;oligwdk@ xrf;¶dk;xrf;pOftwdkif; jrufxHk;udk ESpfxHk;ESpfck cGJI wpfbufwpfxHk; xrf;jcif;rjyKbJ jrufxHk;wpfckwnf;udk

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xrf;ydk;wbuf pGef;wGif csdwfI xrf;ojzifh vGefpGm yifyef;}uD;vS onfudk awG@&owJh? vGefrif;pGm yifyef;aeaom xdkoludk zkef;awmif;pm;u pdwf0ifpm;pGm =unfhaerd owJh?

armyef;aeaom xdkolonf twef=um em;I tyef;ajz+yD; jyefvnf c&D;quf&efjyifqifowJh? xdkolonf jrufxHk;}uD;udk ESpfckcGJI xrf;ydk;wifjcif; rjyKbJvmpOfu enf;twdkif;}uD;rm;aom jrufxHk;}uD;udk xrf;ydk;wpfbufwGif wifowJh?

xdkoltzdk@ vGefpGm yifyef;&SmavOD;rnf jzpfaoma=umifh zkef;awmif;pm;u E_wfqdwfI raeEdkifojzifh t=uHay;rdowJh?

"tarmif... jrufxHk;udk wpfxHk;wnf; xHk;I xrf;ydk;wpfbufY csdwfI xrf;onfxuf...jrufxHk;udk ESpfxHk; ESpfpk tnDtr# cGJum xrf;ydk;. wpfbufwpfcsufwGif csdwfqGJumxrf;ygv#if rsm;pGm oufom ayrnf"[k t=uHay;owJh?

xdkolu twef=um pOf;pm;&SmowJh? aoao csmcsm pOf;pm;+yD;rS tajzay;owJh?"tcsif; zkef;awmif;pm;/ oifay;aom t=uHonf aumif;aom t=uH jzpfay.?

jrufxHk;udk ESpfpkcGJum ESpfxHk;xHk;I xrf;ydk; wpfbufwpfcsufwGif csdwfygv#if rsm;pGmoufomayrnfrSm rSefayonf"[k 0efcHowJh?

,if;odk@ trSefudk 0efcHapumrl xdkolu jrufxHk;}uD;udk ESpfpkcGJjcif; rjyKbJ olvmpOfutwdkif; wpfxHk;udk wpfbufapmif;eif; xrf;I yifyef;pGm Z&yfay:rS qif;owJh?

ol. c&D;udk rqufrD xdkolu zkef;awmif;pm;udk ajymao;owJh?"tcsif; zkef;awmif;pm;/ oifay;tyfaom t=uHonf aumif;./ rSef.? odk@aomf

oifonf olawmif;pm;omwnf;? igonfrlum; olaX;om; jzpfacsbdonf? olaX;om;wpfOD;u olawmif;pm; ay;onfh t=uHudk vufcHv#if &mZ0if¶dkif;ayrnf? xdk@a=umifhrnfIrnfr# yifyef;apumrl igonfrlv xrf;pOfu enf;twdkif; qufvuf xrf;ayOD;tHh"wJh? (pmjznfh? ? q&mwufwdk; tm;vnf; AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u oHtrwf &mxl;ESifholaumif; jyK&ef pDpOfcJhonf? pma&;q&m b0udkom cifaom q&mwufwdk; uvnf;jiif;cJh.?q&mref;wif udkom oHtrwf cef@EdkifcJhonf? q&mref;wifonf vlxku vufcHaomemrnf}uD; pma&;q&myif jzpfaomfvnf; t&m&Sd wpfOD;tjzpf pma&;cJhonf 0efxrf;pma&;q&mjzpfojzifh jiif;qefr_rjyKbJ txufvl}uD; ap&modk@ oGm;&Smonfom?)

atmifAv(EG,feDr*~Zif;/ twGJ 21/ trSwf 4/ pufwifbmv 2012 rS)

107


'Duae hArmawG Armpm a}uapzdk h

O\mq&mtdk

aqGrsdK;ESi fhom;csi f;usaemfwdk@ omrefvlawG taeeJ@uawmh aqGrsdL; udka&m om;csif;udka&m/

aqGrsdK;om;csif;udka&m ajymqdk oHk;pGJcJh=uzl;wmawmhrSefayrJh wpfckcsif;pD&J@ teuft"dyg,fudkawmhjzifh av;av;eufeuf aphaphpyfpyf aoaocsmcsm rodcJhwm udkawmhjzifh trSeftwdkif;bJ 0efcH&rSmyg? 'g@a=umifh q&mtdk&J@ &Sif;vif;wifjyr_udk az: jyay;vdkuf&wmyJ jzpfygw,f?

jrefrmpum;udk jrefrmrsm;omru vlrsdK;jcm;rsm;uvnf; ta&;xm;=uyg. ?om"u wpfckrSm yJcl;wdkif;rif;}uD; t*FvdyfvlrsdL; qGpfobifhonf yJcl;c&dkif ta&;ydkifjzpfcJhpOfu awmvdkuf pma&;wpfOD;ESifhe,fodk@ xGufcJh.? c&D;t=um;wGif a&S;OD;pGm acsmif;wpfckawG@.?

ta&;ydkifrif;u awmvdkufpma&;udk armifrif; 'gbmac:ovJ [kar;&m awmvdkufpma&;u "acsmif; ac:ygonfbk&m;" [kajz.? wpfzef'kwd, t}udrf &dk;wpfckudk awG@&ma&S;enf;twl ar;jyef.? ajzoluvnf; "acsmif; ac:ygonfbk&m;" [k ajzjyef.?wwd,t}uDrf ajrmif;uav; wpfck awG@jyef&m a&S;enf;twl ar;jyef.? ajzoluvnf;"acsmif; ac:ygonfbk&m; " ajzjyefyg.?

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xdktcg ta&;ydkifrif;u armifrif;onf jrefrm jzpfygv#ufESifh jrefrmpum;udkrwwf/ yxrawG@wm "acsmif; " / 'kwd,awG@wm " &dk; "/ wwd,awG@wm "ajrmif; "raorcsif;rSwf[k rdef@ygonf[k ta&;ydkif&Hk; pma&;}uD; ywWjrm;om'if xHrS =um;emrSwfom;rdygonf?

tvm;wlyif jrefrmh"avhudkvnf; vlrsdK;jcm;rsm; ta&;xm;}uyg.? yJcl;+rdK@vdyfjymuef wHwdkif;twGif; ywfvrf;vkyf&eftwGuf a&&Sd&m ueftwGif;bufodk@ wkwfrsm;cwf+yD; ajrzdk@aeav.? 4if;udpPudk [dENLAk'<bmom0if wdkif;rif;}uD; o&0rfqif; jrifawG@od&SdoGm;aomtcg xdkvkyfief;udk csufjcif;&yf&ef trdef@xkwfav.? "ol. =o0g'pum;rSma&wGif;a&uefrsm;udk rzdk@aumif;/ cdkufwwfonf "[lowwf?

odk@jzpf&m O\mq&mtdk onfvnf; tkwfwpfcsyf oJwpfyGifhtjzpf wwfpGrf;or#jzifh jrefrmpmayjrSifhwifa&;udk 0dkif;0ef;}udK;yef;I &SmazGaz:xkwf a&;om;wifjyv#uf &Sd&m,cktywfwGif jrefrmvlrsdK;wdk@. aqGrsdK;om;csif; tac:ta0:rsm;ESifhywfoufI odrSwfzG,frsm;udk wifjyvdkuf&ygonf?

tazh tpfudkudk "b}uD;" [lIvnf;aumif;/ tazhnDudk "baxG;" [lI vnf;aumif; tazhtpfrudk "t&D;}uD;" [lI vnf;aumif;/ tazhESrudk"t&D;av;" [lI vnf;aumif;/ tarhtpfrudk "rd}uD;" "}uD;}uD;" [lIvnf;aumif;/ tarhnDrudk "rdaxG;""axG;av;"[lI vnf;aumif;/ tarh tpfudkudk "OD;}uD;" "OD;&D; "[lI vnf;aumif;/tarharmifudk "OD;rif;" "&D;i,f"f/ "av;av;" [lI vnf;aumif; ac:qdk=u&ygrnf?(axG;)udk (a'G;) [k toHxGufyg?

Tae&mwGif aqGrsdK;om;csif;ESifh ywfoufI arSmfyDq&modef;}uD;. "aESmif;jzpfpmwrf;" rSm atmufygtwdkif; awG@&ygonf? pma&;awmf ? owdjyKp&mav;wpfcktpD&ifcHygOD;rnf? avmuEd_uf - aqGrsdK; ^mwd om;csif;ac:a0: oHk;pGJ=uonfrSm mwdac:jcif;onf b,fu pyfonfvdk@ uGJjym;pGm od=ur,fr[kwf jzpfyga=umif;?

om&w'DyeDÉDum- ok'dEMbm%0g&- tzGifhED_uf/ "ZmeEWd/ OmoEWd / pmwd- mwd-ZmeEWd- mw,EWd- odtyfukef.? ÁwdwoRm/ xdk@a=umifh mwd/ mwdjzpf.?"

" avm[dawe-orŠE<m/ wdomavm[dwm? avm[dawe/ aoG;ESifhorŠE<m/pyfonfwnf;? ÁwdwoRm- xdk@a=umifh omavm[dwm/ omavm[dwm rnf.?"

"ydwkyuQOmwd/ rmwk- yuQdwm / omavm[dwm/ tz. tzdk@ESifh pyfaomolonf^mwd taqGtrsdK;rnf.? rmwkyuQdwm trd. tzdk@pyfaomolonf avm[dwm/ om;csif;rnf.? "[k yg&Sdygonf?

trdESifhpyfor# - om;csif;jzpfa=umif; / tzESifhpyfor# ^mwd aqGrsdK;jzpfa=umif;o&wW'DyeDÉDDum - q&mto#if oljrwfu a[mxm;onfhtwdkif; mwd aqGrsdK; om;csif;[k

109


ac:a0:=uonfudk aoaocsmcsm uGJjym;atmif rSwfom;ajymqdk =u&ef oifhvSyga=umif;?,cktcg "om;csif;"[k qdkv#if rdcifwpfOD;wnf;rSarG;aom/ acgif;eif;qif;

jzpfaom wpftlxHkqif; jzpfaom/ t&if;jzpfaom om;a,muFsm;om;rdef;r / nDtpfudkarmifESrtm;vHk;udk pkaygif;ac:a0:xm;aom pum;jzpfonf[k odae=uygonf? pifppfrl tzESifhpyfI awmf&v#if aqGrsdK; ^mwd/ trdESifhpyfI awmf&v#if om;csif; jzpfygonf?

"xHk;vnf;vHk;vHk; / yHkvnf;wlwl/ pHrlr#r#/ t&dk;usESifh wnfxoufao rdapoabmvdkufzufav#mI nDarmapr_ ajcmufcsuf&_ "[laom ola[mif;wdk@. pum;t& twWaemrwd uif;&Sif;pGmjzifh a&;ul;az: jyaom "aqGrsdK;ESifhom;csif; " aqmif;yg;udk TwGif ed*Hk;urwftqHk;owfyg&apawmh?usrf;udk;? ? ,k'oeftbd"mef/ arSmfyDq&modef;}uD;. aESmif;jzpfpmwrf;?

O\mq&mtdk

(jrefrmwdkif;(rf) twGJ (2) trSwf (28) wGif az: jy+yD;?)

.........

tarSmi f=um;u Armjynf0if;wifhxGef;

jrefrmEdki fiHom;wdki f; vuf0,fxm;&Sdoi fhaomEdki fiHa&;ordki f;pmtkyf

tvif;tdrfr*~Zif;rS pDpOfxkwfa0onf

110


axmifwGif;ordkif;qdkwm....uíefawmfwdk@ tusOf;axmif awGxJrSm ESpf&Snfvrsm; aevmcJhjyD;rESpfurS

jyefvGwfvmcJhw,f? axmifxJrSm usefaeao;wJh EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGudpP aqmif&Guf&if; ab;rSmyJ cyfat;at; aecJhwmyg?

'gayr,fh....at;at;aecsifvdk@vm;rod rD;u'Dae@ vmavmifwmyJ? 'Dae@ axmifxGufawG rcsdef;bJ qkHjzpf=uw,f? axmiftpHkuaygh? axmifxJuta=umif;awG ajymjzpf=uw,f?

jy\emu tJ'DrSmpwmbJ? axmifxGuf EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;a[mif;awGrSmordkif;awG&Sdw,f? axmifuscJh&wJhordkif;..../ aemuf axmifwGif;jzwfoef;r_ ordkif;....?

axmifwGif;jzwfoef;r_ordkif; [m tvGeftajymenf;=uygw,f? =urf;wrf;vSwJhaxmifwGif;jzwfoef;r_awG[m EdkifiHa&;orm; wdkif;udkordkif; rSwfausmuf wifay;vdkufwmyg? wdkif;jynfwckvHk;udk c%xm;OD; axmifxJu tusOf;om;awGtwGuf bmawGvkyfcJhvJ?tJoavmuf r[kwfawmif udk,faewJh wdkuf/ udk,faewJh taqmiftwGuf bmawGvkyfcJhovJ?

aumif;jyD....bmrSrvkyfcJhwJhvlawG&Sdw,f....? [kwfw,f....olwdk@u bmrSrvkyfcJhbl;? 'gayrJh....b,fol@udkrStaESmuft,Sufray;cJh=ubl;?

'gu vlwef;pm;wrsdK;....?aemufwrsdK;u olwdk@udk,fusdK;twGuf trsm;tusdK;udk cseif; jypfwJhvlawG....?

axmifwGif; ordkif; rsm;

Min Han

acwfpum;

111


udk,fhtwGuf tusdL;&Sdr,fqdk,if axmiftm%mydkifawGeJ@ pdwfa&m udk,fyg yl;aygif;cJh=uwJholawG....?

aemufwrsdK;uawmh yk*~dKvfa&; rkef;wD;r_a=umifh trSm;awG qufwdkufusL;vGefolawG? tJ'Dvdk vlawGxJrSmrS tm;vHk;tusdK;/ tm;vHk; tcGifhta&;twGuf OD;aqmif wdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uolawG....?

wu,fawmh....uíefawmfu OD;aqmifwdkufyGJ0ifolawG ta=umif; a&;csifajymcsifwm r[kwfyg? olwdk@ uvJ 'gudk r=udLuf=uyg? 'Dvdk *k%faz:wmrsdL;udk r}udLuf=u? axmifxJrSmawmif olwdk@ wdkufyGJawGta=umif; odyfrajym=u? *k%fraz:=u?

'gjzifh bmajymcsifwmvJ....?jy\emu 'Dvdk axmifxGufawGqHk=u/ axmifxJu ta=umif;awG ajym=u,if;

axmifwGif;ordkif; ta=umif; ajymzdk@ vdkaejyDvdk@ owdxm;rd=uw,f? bma=umif@vJ qdkawmhaxmifwGif;ordkif;rSm qdk;qdk;0g;0g; trSm; usL;vGefcJh=uolawGu ae&m=uD;=uD;/ &mxl;=uD=uD;&vdk&? ol&Jaumif;awG jzpfvdkjzpf....?

'gqdk....axmifwGif;ordkif;udk ajymzdk@ a&;zdk@vdkaejyD? odwJholawG tm;vHk; wm0ef&Sdw,f? wm0eft&jynfoludk today;&awmhrSmaygh?

axmifxGufawG 'gudk vufcH=uygw,f? 'gjzifh b,fyHkpHwifjy=urvJ?cdkifvHkwJh oufao&dS&r,f? axmif tvdkufwifjyr,f?vwfwavm tajctaet& trnfemrudk csefxm;r,f?oufqdkif&m tzGJŒtpnf; wm0ef&Sdoludk vdsKŒ0Suf ta=umif;=um;r,f?wu,fvdk@ ta&;,lr_ r&SdrSom tJ'Dvl[m tJ'Dae&meJ @rxdkufwefa=umif; jynfol

w&yfvHk;udk today;rSmjzpfw,f?'ga=umifh axmifwGif;ordkif;udk wdkufyGJ0ifolawG tm;vHk; a&;=u....ajym=u

&vdrfhr,f?yk*~dKvf a&;rkef;wD;r_ ryg?ordkif;trSefudkom az:xkwf=urnf?

Min HanOctober 29

2012

(Min Han's facebook rS ul;,laz: jyygonf?)

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"EGm;uvJ &Smvdk@ r&ygbl; &Sifr&,f "&SDul;onf ol@rdef;rudk ajymonf// ol@ rdef;rrSm t&yf axmifaxmif armif;armif;

&GmxJ&Sd tjcm;aom rdef;rrsm;xuf acgif;wvHk; ydkjrifhonf[k qdkEdkifonf? tm;aumif;armif;oef &GmxJ&Sd a,muFsm; w0ufausmfausmfxuf oefrmonf? v,fxJwGif a,musFm;}uD; wa,mufpm avmufawmh aumif;aumif; vkyfEdkifonf?

"awmf b,fol awGqDudk oGm;iSm;cJh ovJ""w&GmvHk; ESH@aejyD b,fEGm;rS rtm;bl;""'gjzifh usKyfwdk@ b,fvdk vkyf=urwHk;""bmvkyf&OD;rSmvJ iwfzdk@ &Sdawmhwmaygh"rdef;ronf &SDul;. rsufESmudk =unfhvdkuf./ rsufvHk; tpHkonf ukefcgeD;rD;cGufrS

rD;a&mifvdk azsmhawmh vsuf &Sd.//"uJ 'Dvdkqdk&if reufzefrSm p xGefr,fawmf [k jywfom;pGm ajymvdkufonf?""b,frSmvJ EGm;""waumifawmh &atmif&Sm&rSmaygh ""b,fvdkvkyf&SmrSmvJ""tdk...b,fvdk&Sm&Smayghawmf""aeprf;ygtkef; nnf;[mu"

"tdk ...&&ifjyD;a&m r[kwfvm; &Sifhtyl r[kwfygbl; reufjzef reufus&ifomv,fxJudk qif;zdk@jyif "

&SDul;onf trsdK;rsdK; pOf;pm;.// ol@rdef;ronf rnfonfh ae&modk@ oGm;I EGm;&Sm

125


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wem&Dausmfcef@ &SdonfhtcgwGif ol@r,m;udk jrif&avonf? tvdk b,fhES,fwkef;/b,frSmwkH;EGm; / vufxJrSm bmrS rygygvm;/ &SDul;. rsufESmonf rJhvmcJhavonf?

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vkyfEdkifonf[k ol@udk,fol xifyHk&onf?"uJ [dk[mawG 'D[mawG ar;raeESifh &SdwJhEGm;udkomwyfprf;"rwkefrv_yf jzpfaeonhf ol@a,musFm;udk jrifonfhtcgwGif ol@r,m;onf ae&mrS

xum EGm;udk xGefwGifwyfonf? aemuf xrf;ydk; wzufudk ol@ycHk;wGif uef@vef@wifvdkufjyD;"uJ usKyfudk }udK;wacsmif;eJ@ cdkifcdkifav;csnf" [k ajymonf? TwGif azsmhawmh

}uHKvSDonfh &SDul;onf tm;wufvmum xdkif&mrS xjyD; xGefwHk;ay:wGif ajcwifum EGm;udkarmif;onf? EGm;u a&G@onf?

ol@rdef;ruvJ EGm;ESifh t+ydKifa&G@onf? xGefwHk;rsm;onf ajraysmhxJodk@ pl;epf0ifoGm;um aemufwGif xGefa&;a=umif;}uD;rsm;xifusef&pfapcJhonf?&SDul;onf vl;/ qwf

t,lbl rSm tenf;i,f pdwfwdkoGm;[efjzifh tzdk;}uD;udk avSum;twdki f; qGJac:oGm;um... "tzdk;}uD; cifAsm; awmfawmf cufygvm;As [if;... ausmi f;q&mqdkwm usGJawG

EGm;awG cskdKi f;=um;rSm nSyf+yD; ausmif;vmwufwJh vlvdk@ xifaevm;" tzdk;}uD; &SDul;onf yg;pyfrS Aspfawmuf AspfawmufajymI xGufoGm;onf?

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126


rsdK;aphrsm;udk 0g;usnfawmufxJwGif xnfh.? taygufrSaeI rsdK;aphrsm;onf ususef&pfcJh=uonf? &SDul;. rdef;ronf EGm;ESifh ,SOfI wukef;ukef; &Hk;onf?

odk@jzifh wreufvHk; ysdK;=uJcJhonf// rGef;wnfhcsdefodk@ a&mufaomf tarm}uD;armaeonfh olwdk@ vifr,m;onf opf&dyfwGifxdkifum armarmjzifh xrif;pm;=uonf? pum;rajymEdkif? &SDul;rSm ESkwfqdwfrdv#uf? rdef;ruom wcGef;p ESpfcGef;pajymonf? xrif;pm;jyD;v#ifaumufqG wacsmif;pDjzifh rsdK;aphrsm;udk ajrjzifh vdkufzkHk;=uonf?

naerdk;csKyfonfh tcgwGif olwdk@ydkifonfh ajrESpf{u udk xGef,uf jyD;jyD ? ysdK;=uJjyD;jyD?xdk@aemuf yifyef;EGrf;e,faom olwdk@ oHk;OD;onf tdrfodk@ jyefvmcJh=uonf?

aemufwae@wGif olwdk@ ta=umif;udk w&GmvHk;u tkwfatmf aomif;wif; ajym=uonf? wcsKd@u tHh=o=uonf? wcsdK@u ajymif=uonf? wcsdkK@u avSmif=uonf? wcsdK@ucsD;usL;=uonf?

xdkn usaemf ausmif;u tjyef olwdk@ tdrfa&S@odk@ a&mufonfhtcg c% &yfonf?wJxJu rD;rSdefrSdefxJwGif &DSul;. rdef;ronf arSmufvsuf&Sd.?

&SDul;onf ol@rdef;r. ausmjyifudk ajctpHkjzifh wtdtd eif;ay;vsuf &Sdavownf;?

jroef;wi fh

(jroef;wifh bmomjyef EdkifiHwum acwfopf*EW0if 0wˆKwdkrsm; 1 rS)

rwkefrv_yf jzpfaeonhf ol@a,musFm;udk jrifonfhtcgwGi f ol@r,m;onf ae&mrS xum EGm;udk xGefwGifwyfonf?aemuf xrf;ydk; wzufudk ol@ycHk;wGif uef@vef@wifvdkufjyD; "uJ usKyfudk }udK;wacsmif;eJ@ cdki fcdki fav;csnf" [k

ajymonf? TwGi f azsmhawmh }uHKvSDonfh &SDul;onf tm;wufvmum xdkif&mrS xjyD; xGefwHk;ay:wGifajcwifum EGm;udk armif;onf? EGm;u a&G@onf?

ol@rdef;ruvJ EGm;ESifh t+ydKi fa&G@onf? xGefwHk;rsm;onf ajraysmhxJodk@ pl;epf0ifoGm;um aemufwGif xGefa&;a=umif;}uD;rsm;xifusef&pfapcJhonf?

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(1)etzonf a&$usif/ ausmuf}uD;/ rkH; ponfh+rdKhe,frsm;twGif;&Sd awmifay:a'o

rsm;udk trJa&mif e,fajr[kowfrSwfI aomif;usef;oltjrpfjywfacsr_ef;a&; aºu;a=umf+yD;jzwf(4)jzwf pepfudkoHk;um 1997 yGifhvif;&moDrS 1998 yGifhvif;&moDxd ESpfywfvnfxdk;ppf}uD;rsm; t}uD;tus,fjyKvkyfcJh.?

&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfvSaom xdkppfqifa&; rkefwdkif;}uD;atmuf0,f aemfazma*wdk@awmifay: ,morm;rsm;onf tdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfrsm;udk pGefhI tajy;tv$m; toufvka&Smifwdrf;ykef;atmif;cJh&.? toufxGufrwwf xdwfvef@a=umuf&$H@jcif;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif=uHKawG@cJh&onf? &ifuGJrwwf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;cJh&onf? &l;rwwf aomua0cJh&onf? aovkarsmyg; qmavmifiwfrGwfcJh&onf? tHuGswfrwwf em=unf;rkef;wD; cJh&onf?

xdkodk@vESifhcsD+yD; taxGaxGa0'emrsm;udk udk,fpD&if0,fydkufum wae&mrSwae&modkh/ wqifhrSw qifhodk@ vdkufvHa&$@ajymif; ykef;atmif;&if; tqHk;Y e,fpyfoHvGifjrpfudkjzwfausmfI xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif;&Sd ppfajy; 'kuQonfrsm;twGuf zGifhvSpfay;xm;aom 'kuQonfpcef;wpfckodk@ a&muf&Sd ckdvH_cJh&av.?

,mwpfESpfysufoGm;I aemuf(3)/ (4)ESpftxd tjyif;txef&kef;uefcJh&aomtdrfab;u rdom;pkwpk. tjypfudk aemfazma* rsuf0g;xifxif jrifcJh&zl;onf? odkhqdkvSsif0rf;pma&m tdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfrsm;ygrusef tm;vHk; ysufpD;qHk;&Hl;cJh&aom aemfazma*wdk@tzdk@b0opf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;onf tawmfhudkyif cufcJayvdrfhrnf? Tonf vGwfvGwfvyfvyf/ at;at;csrf;csrf; vkyfudkifEdkifaom tcGifhtvrf;&SdOD;rS...²?

'kuQtydkif;tprsm;(2)

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tcef;quf 0wK

128


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xdkajcukwf wyfpcef;rsm;Y tajcjyKwyfpGJxm;aom ppfwyfrsm;onf pcef;vHkjcHKa&;ESifh e,fajrpdk;rdk;a&; twGuf v_yf&Sm;&Sif;vif;a&; ppfa=umif;rsm; xGufonfhtcsdefrsdK;wGifykef;a&Smifcdkatmif;I ,mvkyfaeaom Xmae ,morm;rsm;udk awGh&Sdygu "iayG;/ iayG;rsdK;"[kqdkum zrf;qD;nSif;yef; ESdyfpufowfjzwfjcif;rsm;/ "iayG;/ iayG;r/ iayG;orD;"[kqdkumtkyfpkvdkuf t"rRjyKusifh apmfum;owfjzwfjcif;rsm;/ "iayG;rdom;pk"[kqdkum rdom;pkvdkufOya'rJh &rf;um;owfjzwfr_rsm;/ "iayG;pcef;"[kqdkjyD; &Gmykef;&Gma&Smifrsm;tm; rD;&_d@zsufqD;jcif;rsm;ESifh 0rf;pmrsm; udk vk,ufzsufqD;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvSsuf&Sd.?

vufawG@tm;jzifh qdk&aomf 'kuQonfpcef;Y raeEdkifawmhI rdrdwdkh. Xmaersm;qDodk@jyefoGm;=uonfh rdom;pktcsdK honf 'kuQonfpcef;odk h 'kwd,r`d jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmavaomtcgY rdom;pk0ifrsm;pHkvifjcif;r&Sd awmhay? Tonf ppfqifa&;umvtwGif;etzppfwyfwdkh.jyKrlusifhoHk;cJhonfhay:vpDtwdkif;yif qufvuf usifhoHk;jyKrljcif;omjzpfay.?

xdka=umifh rdrdwdkh. e,fajra'otwGif; Todkhaom tajctaeqdk; rsm;jzpfxGef;aeorSsumvygwfvHk; aemfazma*wdkhonf [email protected]/ tbdk;tbGm;wdkh. acgif;cs&majrawmfxufY wzef jyefvnftajccsa&; ESifh b0opfxlaxmifa&;onf rawG;&Javmufyifjzpf&av.?

(2)aemfazma*wdk@a&muf&SdcdkvH_&aom 'kuQonfpcef;rSm rJacgifcg;'kuQonfpcef;jzpf.?

'kuQonfpcef;onf xdkif;EdkifiH/ rJa[mifaqmifc&dkiftwGif;&Sd rJp&D;,ef;jrdKh.taemufbufuDvdkrDwm (30)cefhwGif wnf&Sday vdrfhrnf[kcef@rSef;&onf? rJp&D;,ef;rSwqifh taemufbufe,fpyfrsOf;jzpfaom oHvGifjrpfurf;eHzl;Y wnf&Sdaom rJux&Gmtxd awmifay:ajreDum;vrf;ayguf.? ,cifopfxkwfcsdef azmufvkyfxm;aom vrf;jzpf aoma=umifh rdk;wGif;umvY zdk;0D;[kac:aom awmifwufum;rsm;om oGm;vmEdkif.?

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129


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oGm;jyD; ta&ShrStaemufodk@ awmifrsm;udkywfjyD; auG@aumufpGm pD;qif;vmaom rJuxacsmif;ESifh Zvm;YqHkum oHvGifjrpfwGif;odk@ qufIyl;aygif; pD;0ifoGm;.? rJuxacsmif;ESifhoHvGifjrpf qHk&mt&yfwGif rJux&Gmwnf&Sd.?

rJux&Gm taemufbuf oHvGifjrpfwzufurf;/ jrefrmbufjcrf;&Sd bk&m;ukef;Y'guGif;[kac:aom etzwyfpcef; wnf&Sd.? xdke,fpyf ajcukwfwyfpcef;onf ta&Shawmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf vufatmufcH trSwf (1) ppfAsL[mtajcpdkuf (zmyGef) uGyfuJr_ atmuf&Sdwyf&if;rsm;rS tvSnfhus v_yf&Sm;tajcjyKxm;vSsuf&Sd.?

'guGif;a'oonf ,cifu (ABSDF) A[dkXmecsKyftajcjyK&m ae&ma[mif;wpfckjzpf.? odk@aomf 1994 -95 ckESpfrsm;wGif wyfr(33)ESifh (DKBA) wdkh. yl;aygif;xdk;ppfrsm;a=umifh (ABSDF) A[kdXmecsKyftm; z,f&Sm;ay;vdkuf&av.? xdkxdk;ppfumvtwGif;zmyGefESifh oHvGifjrpf=um; wavSsmuf&Sd aus;&Gmaygif;rsm;pGmrS axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom&Gm;om;rsm;onf tdk;tdrfrsm;udk pGefhypfum e,fpyfoHvGifjrpfudk jzwful;I xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif;odk@xGufajy;cdkv_H=u&av.? 4if;ppfajy; 'kuQonfrsm;onf aemfazma*wdk@xuf rJacgifcg;'kuQonfpcef;odk@ tapmwvSsifa&muf&Sdcdkv_H ae=uolrsm;jzpfay.?

rJacgifcg; 'kuQonfpcef;onf 1992 ckESpf/ u&ifjynfe,f ta&Shajrmufjcrf;a'orsm;wGif jyKvkyfcJhaom xdk;ppfumvtwGif;wGif4if;/ 1994-95 ckESpfrsm;Y u&ifjynfe,fta&S@jcrf; a'orsm;wGifjyKvkyfcJhaom xdk;ppf umvtwGif;wGif4if;/ 1997 ckESpf yJcl;wdkif;/a&$usif/ rHk;/ ausmuf=uD;ponfha'orsm;wGifjyKvkyfcJhaom xdk;ppfumvtwGif;wGif4if;/xGufajy; a&muf&SdvmcJh=uaom axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom ppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;. ,m,DuGef;cdk&m 'kuQAdrRmefawmf=uD; wpfckyifjzpfay.?

pkpkaygif; 'kuQonfOD;a&rSm tenf;qHk; wpfaomif;ig;axmifcefh &Sdayvdrfhrnf?&yfuGuf(13) uGuf&SdjyD; acsmif;udk tjzwfaygif;rsm;pGm jzwf&aomacsmif;vrf; wvrf;wnf;onfomvSsif &yfuGufwckESifhwck qufoG,f oGm;vmEdkifaom yifrvrf;r=uD;jzpf.? acsmif;tus,frSm (15)ayrS ay(30)cef@xdom&Sdayaomfjim;vnf; rdk;wGif;umvwGif =urf;wrf;onfhawmifusa&rsm; pD;qif;onfhtcgrsdK;Y jzwful;oGm;vma&; twGuf tEœ&m,f rsm;vSay.?

aumif;uifay:u i@Hk=unfhrnfqdkygu Zvm; (odk@) Z&yfrSpI rJacgifcg;acsmif;zsm;twdkif; acsmif;wzufwcsuf ajrjyefhi,fav;rsm;wGif?/ awmifpG,f/ awmifapmif;/ awmifa=umESifhawmifukef;rsm;wGif? jyGwfodyf pD&DpGmaygufaeaom r_dwef;=uD;yrm wnf&Sdaeaom'kuQonfrsm;. wJi,fav;rsm;udk awG@&Sd&ayvdrfrnf?

pcef;.t0 xdyfESpfzufpvHk;wGif rl;,pfESifhopfawm bufqdkif&m tygt0if

130


xdkif;ppfwyfrsm;rS yl;aygif;I pcef;cs tajcjyKxm;um 'kuQonfrsm;udk teD;uyf apmifh=uyfvSsuf&Sd.?

(3)topfa&muf&Sdvmaomaemfazma*wdkhppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;udk UNHCR / TBBC

ESifhxdkif;tm%mydkifwdk@rS ppfaq;ar;jref; pm&if;jyKpkjyD;aemuf 'kuQonfrsm;twGuf ta&;ay:vdktyfaeaom tajccH&duQmrsm;udk ulnD axmufyHhay;.?

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t[m&"mwfpmtjzpf touf(5)ESpfr S(18)ESpftxdtm; Asia Mix (ac: ) *sKHr_efh(1)uDvdkESifh o=um; (1) uDvdkpDxkwfay;jyD; (5) ESpfatmuftm; 4if;. w0ufE_ef;xm;xkwfay;.?

xGufajy;cJh&pOf aovkarsmyg; iwfjywfjcif;ESif h=uHKawG@jzwfoef; vmcJh&onfhaemfazma*wdk@tzdk@ xkwfay;aom &duQmrsm;udk =unfhum tvSL&Sifrsm;udk txl;yifaus;Zl;wifrd.? odkhaomf T&duQmrsm;onf qefrSv$JI v0ufcefhrSsom cHonf[kqdkonfudkaemufusr SodvmcJh&ayawmh.? rnfodk@yif jzpfapumrl aemfazma*wdk@ ppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;tm; rao&Hkwr,f qdkyifjim;vnf; toufwrSsif qufvuf&SifoefEdkifa&;twGuf axmufyHhauGs;arG;xm;aom tvSL&Sifrsm;udkawmh aus;Zl;wif&rnfjzpf.?

'kuQonfpcef;odk@ a&muf&SdvmjyD; wpfvcef@ t=umrSmawmh topfa&muf&Sdvmaom aemfazma*wdk@ ppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;tm; wJtdrfa qmufvkyf&eftwGuf (TBBC)rSopf/ 0g;rsm;ESifh tdrfrdk;zufrsm; xyfrHxkwfay; av.?

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(10 / 1 / 2012)

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148


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...........

149


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150


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151


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152


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153


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aumifav;[m ol@tjypfvnf;ygawmh a=umufa=umuf&GH@&GH@eJ@ bmvkyf&rvJ

154


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armi farmi fvwf ( Roland Hardy )

qufvufaz: jyygrnf?

155


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Ba Maw

BREAK THROUGH IN BURMA

Memoirs Of a Revolution

1939 - 1946

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156


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157


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158


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159


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160


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Todk@ tvkyfrjzpfo!fh pum;vHk;rsm;ESihfom tcsdefjzKef;aeo!fh vtenf;i,ftwGif;wGif jrefrmwdk@u *syefwdk@ESihf yl;aygif;um t*Fvdyfwdk@udk armif;xkwfvdkuf+yD;/t*Fvdyfwdk@ tdEdN,odk@ xGufajy; =u&onf? Todk@ udkvdkeD e,fcsJ@rsm; oabmaygufem;vnfo!fh/ wpfckwnf;aom enf;vrf;jzifh jrefrmwdk@u rdrdwdk@. udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhESihf}uHhcdkifr_udk xdkumvtwGif; oufaojyvdkufawmhonf?

jrefrm tjyKtrlESifh ywfoufI &Sif;vif;&mwGif eef;&if;0ef csmcsDu +Adwdo#rsm;taeESihf jrefrm twGif;oabmudk em;rvnfcJha=umif; ajymcJhonf? tqdkyg tcsufonf u|EkfyfazmfjycJho!hf aemufcHtcif;tusif;rsm;ESihf qef@usifvsuf/ tqHk;Y udkvdkeDe,fcsJ@0g'udk zsufqD;ypfvdkufo!fh/ udkvdkeD pdwfaeobm0xuf ydkrdkaom tjcm;wpfckudkazmfjyvdkufjcif;vnf; jzpfonf? wdkif;jynfudk odrf;ydkufjcif;jzifh jynfolwdk@. ESvHk;om;rsm;udktEdkif,l Edkifygovm; qdko!fh ar;cGef;rSm/ tvGefw&m &dk;tDaeaom ar;cGef; jzpfygvdrhfrnf?odk@wnf;r[kwf jrefrmjynfwGif u|Ekfyfwdk@ vufiif; }uHKawG@ae&o!fh yHkpHtm;jzifh qdkv#if/ydkvef EdkifiHom;wdk@. awmif;qdkcsufwdk@udk ypfypfcgcg jiif;y,f+yD;/ ydkvefudk odrf;,lvdkufjcif;jzifh/ydkvefwdk@. ESvHk;om;udk [pfwvm tEdkifr&cJhonfrSm/ csmcsDtwGuf tHh=op&m[kwfygovm;?

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ArmxGuf&yf*dk%f; qdkonfum; qif;&Jom;ygwD/ wdk@Arm tpnf;t&Hk; (odk@)ocifygwDESihf ausmif;om;rsm; or*~ yl;aygif;I/ ppfumv nD!Gwfaom wyfOD; tjzpf/zGJ@pnf;xm;o!fh tkyfpk jzpf+yD;/ jrefrmh vGwfvyfa&;twGuf ppf}uD;u zefwD;ay;vdkufo!fh/tcGifhta&;udk twlwuG toHk;cs taumiftxnfazmfzdk@ qHk;jzwfcJh=uaom/ bHk&nf&G,fcsufvnf; &Sdonf? a&S@wGif Tajymr!fh Zmwf a=umif;twGif;/ tqdkyg tkyfpk}uD;.vkyfief;pOfrsm;rSm/ ppf}uD;. aemufqHk;rsm;txd rnfodk@ rnfyHk v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufvma=umif;awG@&ayvdrfhrnf?

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u|efawmfwdk@[m tvGefw&m pl;pdwf &_yfaxG;p&m aumif;vSwJh urBmh}uD;rSm

162


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'Dawmh u|efawmfwdk@&J@ jy\emu bmudk ,Hk&rvJqdkwmyJ? aocsmwmuawmhtm;vHk; rrSefEdkifbl;? tcsdK@a=unmcsufawG[m rsufESmzHk; pGyfxm;wJh &nf&G,fcsufawGomjzpfw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ vwfwavm vkyf&r,fh tvkyfu/ vufawG@ v_yf&Sm;r_eJ@ prf;oyf+yD;trSef trSm; cGJjcm;zdk@yJ? vwfwavm qHk;jzwfcsufeJ@ jyifqifcsuftwGuf/ t*FvdyfawG&J@&dk;om;r_udk u|efawmfwdk@ ar;cGef;xkwfaewm r[kwfygbl;? &efvdkaewJh EdkifiHawGuol@xufig tvkt,uf pif;vHk;acsm ppf&nf&G,fcsufawG a=unm ae=uwJhtwGuf/+Adwdo# tpdk;&u ay;aewJh/ uwdu0wfawGudk jrefrmjynf twGuf vufawG@ taumiftxnfazmf+yD; / trSefwu,f &dk;om; ppfrSefa=umif; jyoapcsifygw,f? 'grSom u|efawmfwdk@ bufuvnf; ,Hk=unfEdkifygvdrfhr,f?

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163


bk&m;ausmif; u c&pf,ef bkef;}uD;awGeJ@ jzpfcJhwJh/ ppfyGJrSmawmif +Adwdo#awG bufuyJ/t+rJ=u!fhwwfygw,f? 'gayrJh ppfyGJawG+yD;vdk@ tEdkif&wJhtcgrSmawmh/ apmapmuajymcJhwJhuwdu0wfwdk@/ usihf0wfoduQm udpPwdk@ qdkwmawG/ =uufaysmuf/ iSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;+yD;/ yuwd tajctaetwdkif; qHkk;jzwfcJhwm csnf;ygyJ? 'Dawmh b,frSmvJ EdkifiHwumusihf0wf/ pnf;urf; / t*FvdyfawG 'Dvdk vkyfcJhwm wpf}udrfwnf; r[kwfygbl;? 'g[mordkif;u oif=um;ay;cJhwJh oifcef;pmygyJ?

+yD;cJhwJh twdwfordkif;a=umif;awGudk u|efawmf jyefraumufcsifygbl;? 'gayrJhyxr urBmppf }uD;udk wcsuf jyef=u!fh=u&atmif? tJho!fhwkef;u +Adwdo#awG&J@ppf&nf&G,fcsufu bmygvJ? tck ajymaeovdk usihf0wf pnf;urf; ajym+yD;/ trsdK;om;EdkifiHi,fav;awGudk umuG,fzdk@ qdkwJh/ ta=umif;jy csufeJ@ *smr%Dudk ppfa=unmcJhwmygyJ?aemufxyf t*FvdyfawG ay;cJhwJh/ uwdu0wfawG &Sdygao;w,f? 'Drdkua&pD twGuf/urBm}uD;udk umuG,fzdk@ EdkifiHwdkif; udk,fydkif jyXmef; tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh pwmawG twGuf/udk,fusdK; pD;yGm;rzufyJ/ ppfwdkufaewm jzpfw,fvdk@ qdkygw,f? tufuGpf(Asquith)

vGdKufa,mha*smh (Lloyd George) bGefemavm(Bonar Law) eJ@ tjcm; +Adwdo#acgif;aqmifawGu +Adwdo#awG ppfwdkufaewm/ e,fajrydkufeuf csJ@xGifzdk@ r[kwfbl;vdk@/ urBmudktJo!fhwHk;u a=unmcJhw,f? 'gayrJh ppf}uD;+yD;vdk@ tEdkif&cJhwJhtcg &v'fu bmawGjzpfvmvJ?

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wdwdusus r[kwfayr,hf jrihfrm;wJh tr_udpP wcsdK@twGuf / umuG,faew,fqdkwmudk oufaojyzdk@ }uD;us,fwJh usihf0wfoduQm pum;vHk; ta&;tE_ef;eJ@ / tkwfatmfaomif;wif

jzpfvSwJh azmfjrLvmawGudk toHk;jyKcJhwm txift&Sm;ygyJ? twdwfuyJ jzpfjzpf / vufwavmyJjzpfjzpf/ ukefukefajym&&if bk&m;oci feJ@ t*Fvef bk&m;ausmif;u c&pf,ef bkef;}uD;awGeJ@ jzpfcJhwJh/

ppfyGJrSmawmi f +Adwdo#awG bufuyJ/ t+rJ=unfhwwfygw,f? 'gayrJh ppfyGJawG+yD;vdk@tEdki f&wJhtcgrSmawmh/ apmapmuajymcJhwJh uwdu0wfwdk@/ usihf0wfoduQm udpPwdk@ qdkwmawG/ =uufaysmuf/

iSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;+yD;/ yuwd tajctaetwdkif; qHkk;jzwfcJhwm csnf;ygyJ?.......

164


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