מצגת השטחים הכבושים: סקירה הומניטארית kr8:

UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

occupied Palestinian territory

HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010

oPt Humanitarian Overview: The West Bank and East Jerusalem




Key Issues• House demolitions and displacement• Settler Violence• System of movement and access restriction

• Shrinking space

–




House DemolitionsArea C:• 200 demolitions a year (av.)• < 3,000 pending ordersEast Jerusalem• 100 demolitions a year (av.)• < 1,500 pending orders• < 60,000 vulnerable




Displacement in 2009

Adults Children Total

East Jerusalem 151 149 300

*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 53

Area C 152 167 319

Total: 303 316 673



HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010December 2009Restricting Space: The Planning Regime Applied by Israel in Area C of the West Bank

Restricting Space in Area C of the West

Bank• Area C: 60% of West

Bank• Land Reserves for

Urban Expansion and Infrastructure.

• Palestinian construction prohibited in 70% of Area C and restricted in 29%

• Only 1% of Area C planned for Palestinian development




Shrinking Space for Palestinians in E. Jerusalem

• Restrictive zoning• Restrictive planning• Restrictive permit regime

-125 in 2008• Shortfall of 1,100 HU/year




East Jerusalem, Silwan-Al Bustan




East Jerusalem,Sheikh Jarrah




Sheikh Jarrah current crisis• Organized settler attempts to take over land for

expansion or establishment of new settlements.• Land expropriated or contested before the courts,

in contravention of international law. • Plans to build over 540 residential units and

public/commercial buildings for settlers.• Over 50 Palestinian residents already forcibly

evicted: estimated 500 at risk of displacement




Settler Violence• Impunity and lack of law

enforcement – More than 90% of the cases

investigated since 2006 closed without indictment

• Current trend: - “Price tag” strategy - Resistance to

“settlement freeze”Susiya South Hebron/ BTselem




Settler related violence incidents trend 117%

Increase since 2006




Yassuf Mosque /December 2009

Settler Violence




Access and Movement: Multi-layered system of restrictions

• Checkpoints & roadblocks• Barrier and ‘Seam Zone’• Restricted roads• Closed military areas (Firing

Zones)• Nature reserves• Israeli settlements• Administrative restrictions

Entrenchment




Closures in the West Bank

Greenline

CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsRoad BarrierRoad GatesRoadblocksEarthmounds

West Bank: 5,600 km2

Palestinian Built-up areas Population: 2,350,583PCBS Census 2007Israeli settlementsapprox. 149 settlements,100 outpostsPopulation: Approx. 500,000

WEST BANK

PARTIAL CHECKPOINT An established checkpoint operating periodically.

CHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police.ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads.

ROAD BLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

TRENCHES A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. Total of 33.6 km

ROAD BARRIERS Road barriers alongside major roads to prevent movement across the roads.Total of 125 km

D D D

EARTH WALLS A continuous wall or series of earth mounds.

DDDD

CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsEarthmoundsRoad BarrierRoadblocksRoad Gates




Number of ClosuresCHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police.PARTIAL CHECKPOINTSAn established checkpoint operating periodically.ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads. ROADBLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access. EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.

69

20

104

61

152

TRENCHES (total of 33.9 km)A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. ROAD BARRIERS (total of 125 km)Road barriers placed alongside major roads prevent movement across the roads.EARTH WALLS (total of 15.2 km) A continuous wall or series of earth mounds used to restrict access.

21

75

48

In total 550 closuresAs of 16 Feb 2010

Flying CheckpointsAverage: 2009 65 2010 100

DDDD

D D D




Other Closures

• 92 obstacles in Hebron City (H2)• 57 Barrier gates• 8 Green Line checkpoints

* Not included in OCHA closure count (Feb. 2010)




Closure TrendNumber of West Bank Closures

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800680

376533

AMA

A 39% increase since AMA was signed605

471

630

735

533 561 569

396

Road Map Disengagement

PalestinianElections Annapolis

614

HamasTake-over

Dec 03 Nov 04 Mar 05 Aug 05 Nov 05 Jan 06 Oct 06 Oct 07 Jan 08 Sept 08 June 09 Feb ‘10

550




Movements and Access Easings, July 2009

Atara Checkpoint, 1 July 2009




Expanded Enav checkpoint




Construction of Barrier in the West Bank

Started in June 2002 after an escalation of suicide bombings- issue is the route




The Barrier • Objection to route, not the Barrier• 10,000 people in closed areas;

expanded Jan. 2009• Once the Barrier is completed:

–85% of the route will be in the WB–125,000 will be surrounded on 3 sides–35,000 will live in closed areas

• Protests result in 64% of injuries in WB




The Barrier

WEST BANK

Constructed58% (413 km)

Under Construction10% (73 km)

Planned32% (223 km)

Green Line

Total Length: 709 kmWithin the West Bank 85%




Closed Area CommunitiesFacts & figures• 10,000/35,000 West Bankers• 125,000 / 3 sides• Permanent Resident Permits

Impact• Health • Education • Family and social relations




Qalqilia Jayyous:

55

ACTIVATELAYERS

Habla Tunnel

Road 55

Jayyus’ Land

Water wells

Green Line

West Bank Barrier 2008ConstructedPlanned

PalestinianBuilt-up

IsraeliSettlements

Barrier Gates




Control mechanisms further entrenched

The ‘Fabric of Life’ road network• 49 km of roads and 43 tunnels &

underpasses• Transportational contiguity at

expense of territorial continuity• Environmental and economic

impact: unknown




Enclaves and Fabric of Life Roads




Biddu sunken road




East Jerusalem




Barrier related: • Access to services• Communities & land “dislocated” by

Barrier In addition:• Evictions, Demolitions• Residency rights• Poor living conditions

Displacement

East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns




19872005

Isolation of Jerusalem from the West Bank BARRIER

ConstructedUnder constructionPlanned

ROADS Israeli use primarily

E1 project

Planned with land seizedPlanned

PLANNED ROADS

Checkpoints Palestinian permits holdersUnderpasses

Palestinian traffic only:

Palestinian built-up areaSettlement




Restricted Access

Al-Ram/East Jerusalem – Formal commercial area




Access to Health

• All JLM ID holders / WBGS residents• Permits & access for WB patients,

staff & ambulances to EJ hospitals• Problems of access for JLM residents

who live outside Barrier• Access problems within EJ due to

ambulance escorts (ICRC/PRCS/MADA agreement)

• Access to WB/JLM hospitals for dislocated communities




Access to Education

• Permits & access for WB teachers/students to Jerusalem

• Classroom shortage in Municipal system/ Demolition/sealing of Al Waqf schools

• Estimated 5-10,000 pupils not enrolled/ high dropout rate

• Access to WB/JLM schools for dislocated communities

Access to Education




Residency rights

• Revocation of social benefits & Jerusalem ID cards

• Family reunification

• Registration of children

• Municipal boundary vs. Barrier boundary




Displacement

• Restrictive zoning & planning & administrative obstacles ‘illegal’ construction/demolitions

• Systematic settler ‘legal’, physical & other pressure forced evictions

• Other “push” factors, including lack of access to services…etc.




‘Dislocated’ communities & isolated land

• West Bank Palestinian communities on ‘Jerusalem’ side of Barrier

• East Jerusalem communities on ‘West Bank’ side of the Barrier

• West Bank communities severed from their previously close ties to Jerusalem

• West Bank land isolated on ‘Jerusalem side’ of Barrier




Fragmentation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem:Areas A and B (Oslo Accords)

149 Israeli settlements,100 outposts and land cultivated by Israelis

Settlements Regional Councils

Israeli military closed areas (Fire Zones) and 48 military bases

Nature Reserves

West Bank Barrier and Areas between the Barrier and the Green Line

Restricted Roads

Closures

The effect of the closures and restricted roads

Fragmentation of the West Bank

CheckpointsTunnels(As of September 2008)




Israeli annexation into JerusalemIDF closure of Dead Sea coast line (32 Km)Israeli settlements (19), Israeli pop. 86,000Area C (66%) – full Israeli controlIsraeli military closed areas (40% of the governorate and 60% of Area C)Nature Reserves (19.4%)Bypass roadsIsraeli settlement outposts (16)Barrier – constructed & under constructionBarrier - PlannedClosures : checkpoints and obstacles (29)Settlement expansion

The Shrinking Space of Bethlehem GovernorateGovernorate comprised of approximately 658 square KmPotential sites for development of Bethlehem tourism if Israeli measures lifted Mar Saba

Dead SeaHusanBedouin Life




Conclusions• Humanitarian and/or

full economic recovery impeded by restricted access to and control over space & resources.

• Barrier on 1967 Green Line

• Gaza Blockade must end, crossings opened

Bethlehem Barrier Crossing 2008

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