以服務取代控制的領導哲學:僕人領導€¦ · t&d 飛訊第69 期 發行日期:97...

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T&D 飛訊第 69 發行日期:97 5 10 1 頁,共 23 1 以服務取代控制的領導哲學:僕人領導 胡 聰 年 壹、前 「僕人領導」(Servant Leadership)一詞最早係由 Robert K.Greenleaf 於 1970 年在其所發表於「僕人是領袖」(The Servant As Leader)一文所提 出,係指一個人具有僕人風格與心理特質,能夠服侍、扶持、激勵及授權他 人,不將自己視為高高在上,處處要他人服侍,所倡導僕人領導的觀念對於 企業或組織的影響力;2000 年以後的僕人領導理念受到廣泛推崇,各種闡釋 僕人領導的論著紛紛出現,尤以 James C. Hunter(2005)的《僕人—修道院 的領導啟示錄》、Ken Blanchard & Phil Hodges(2004)的《僕人領導》都 受到各界重視,James C. Hunter(2005)認為:「如何以服務與愛的態度來領 導,取代傳統式的權威駕馭理念,將會越來越不容忽視」;《聖經》亦描繪領 袖須具備三種特質-即僕人、管家、牧羊犬,始能成為有效的領導者,強調 成功的領導者會從「心」出發、用心激勵他人,而做一位僕役式的領導者, 更要傾聽、服務工作夥伴、培育部屬,並協助部屬做好工作幫助他人有所成 就。 過去,我們認為設定組織的目標、制定組織的重大政策、激勵組織成員

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  • T&D 69 97 5 10 1 23

    1

    (Servant Leadership) Robert K.Greenleaf

    1970 (The Servant As Leader)

    2000

    James C. Hunter(2005)

    Ken Blanchard & Phil Hodges2004

    James C. Hunter(2005)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 2 23

    2

    Peter M.Senge

    (Emotional

    Intelligence, EI)

    (Resonant Leadership)

    James C. Hunter (2005)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 3 23

    3

    (Management)

    (control, consistency & predictability)

    (Servant Leadership) 1970 Robert

    K .Greenleaf

    (,1999;

    ,2003;Russell&Stone,2002;Sergiovanni,2000;Yukl,2002)

    slave

    James C. Hunter(2005)

    James C. Hunter(2005)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 4 23

    4

    James C. Hunter(2005)

    (Servanthood Leadership)

    (enabler)

    Bob Noyce

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 5 23

    5

    (,2003)

    () Maslow James C. Hunter(2005)

    ()

    ()

    (empowerment)1

    ()

    Service Master Company2(1)

    (2)

    (3)

    (4)

    1 empowermentempowermentempowermentEnable

    2 Service Master Company 4

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 6 23

    6

    (5)

    3

    (internalize)

    3 93225

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 7 23

    7

    Batten4(1998)

    Ken Blanchard

    (empowerment)

    (1)

    (2)

    (3)

    4 Batten ,J.(1998)Servant-leadership : A passion to serve. In L. C. Spears(Ed.), Insights on leadership (pp.38-53).New York: Wily.

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 8 23

    8

    (,1997)

    (coach)(facilitator)(2004)

    5

    5(1)(2)(3)(4)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 9 23

    9

    (,1997)

    (,1999)

    (James C.

    Hunter,2005)

    Giuliani 911

    Giuliani

    EQ()

    80%IQ() 20%(Daniel Goleman ,1996)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 10 23

    10

    ()

    (core competency)

    (leadership)

    (team work)

    (James C.

    Hunter,2005)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 11 23

    11

    (2002)

    (visions)(principles)

    (strategies)

    Patterson(2003)

    (visions)(principles)(strategies)

    Patterson(2003)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 12 23

    12

    Waterman6

    (James C. Hunter,2005)

    (Non-Profit Organization ,NPO)

    (,1998)

    (ideal type)

    6

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 13 23

    13

    (2005)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 14 23

    14

    (James C.

    Hunter,2005)

    (leadship)

    (followership)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 15 23

    15

    7(Trait theory)

    8(Behavioral Pattern Theory)

    9(Contingency Situational

    Theory) 1980 (Transformational Leadership)

    (French & Bell,1999)

    (Transactional Leadership)

    French 1997

    7 8 9

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 16 23

    16

    (2005)

    Robert S. Kaplan10(leading)

    (managing)

    (communication)

    10 Robert S. Kaplan 1972 (Balanced Scorecard,BSC)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 17 23

    17

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 18 23

    18

    James C. Hunter(2005)

    (leadership)(followership)

    (employee

    satisfaction, ES)

    (,2001)

    Dolan Garcia(2002)

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 19 23

    19

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 20 23

    20

    2002CHEERS6

    2004Ken Blanchard & Phil

    Hodges.

    2004 120 154

    2006 952 48-50

    1999 31 2

    72-76

    1999..

    2004

    Robert K .Greenleaf.

    1996Empowerment Takes More Than a Minute

    Ken Blanchard & John P.Carlos.

    2005James C.

    Hunter.

    1998

    2002 188

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 21 23

    21

    128-130

    2001

    1997Peter M.Senge.

    2005

    1994

    Robert H. Waterman, Jr.

    1999 6

    2 1734

    2003

    6 2 69-83

    2005

    2002 Rudolph W.Giuliani.

    1997

    Batten, J. (1998). Servant-leadership: A passion to serve. In L. C.

    Spears (Ed.),Insights on leadership(pp.38-53). New YorkWily.

    Dolan ,S.L.,& Garcia ,S.(2002).Managing by values :Cultural re-design

    for strategic organization change at dawn of twenty-first

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 22 23

    22

    century. Journal of Management Development,21(2) ,101-117.

    French,W.L.,Bell,C.H.,Jr.1999.Organizational

    development :Behavioral science interventions for organization

    improvement6th ed..Upper Saddle River ,NJ:Prentice Hall.

    Robert S.Kaplan & David P.Norton. (1992).The balanced scorecard:

    Measures that drive performance, Harvard Business Review,

    Jan.-Feb,71-79.

    Patterson, K. A. (2003), Servant Leadership : A theoretical Model.

    Published by the School of Leadership studies, Regent

    University.

    Robert K.Greenleaf (1970), The servant as leader, Indianapolis: The

    Robert K. Greenleaf Center.

    Russell, R. F., & Stone, A.G. (2002). A review of servant leadership

    attributes:Developing a practical model. Leadership &

    Organization Development Journal,23(3), 145-157.

    Sergiovanni, T. J. (2000). Leadership as stewardship. Whos serving

    who? InJossey-Bass Publishers, The Jossey-Bass Reader on

    Educational Leadership(pp.269-286). San Francisco, CA: the

    author.

  • T&D 69 97 5 10 23 23

    23

    Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle

    River, NJ:Prentice Hall.