上海建桥学院 大学英语制作

Unit One

Text A Learning, Chinese Style

ContentBackground information

Warming-up activity

Text organization

Sentence study

Words and phrases

exercisetranslationabstractvocabulary & structureclozelistening

Background Information

Education in the WestThere is no common agreement in the West concerning the best method of education.There are a variety of views among parents, teachers and students: ancient Greek philosopher Socrates encouraged his students to question everything; while he was condemned to death by his fellow citizens for corrupting the morals of the young.Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extent to which learning should be teacher-based or student-based

Can you figure out any differences on learning style between Chinese and Western people?

Chinese learning style- Respect for authority or

lecturers- Lecturers should not be

questioned- Students motivated by

family or pressure to excel

- Positive value placed on silence

- Emphasis on group orientation to learning

Western learning style

- Lecturers valued as guide or facilitator

- Lecturer is open to challenge

- Students motivated by desire for individual development

- Positive value placed on self-expression of ideas

- Emphasis on individual development and creativity in learning

- Passive participation- Agreement, harmony, face

- Dependence on authority- Single solution- Assumed acceptance- Mastery, transmission - Knowledge from teachers

and textbooks- Learning through practice,

memorization and repetition

- Teacher as model expert, authority, teacher-centered

- Active involvement- Discussion, argument and

challenge- Independence of mind- Seeking alternative - Critical evaluation- Creativity, originality- Skills in communicating and

learning- Learning through activities, tasks

and interaction- Teacher as organizer, guide and

helper, student-centered

Warm-up Activity

Two children are given two hula hoops( 呼拉圈 ), a toy they are unfamiliar with.

Ann is given a hula hoop with instructions on how to use it.

Mary is given a hula hoop with no instructions.

What kind of outcomes do you expect?

Warm-up Activity

Ann learns to keep the hula hoop in motion by moving her body in certain ways.

AnnWarm-up Activity

Mary explores the hoop and discovers it's big enough to step through. She balances the hoop between two objects and practices kicking a ball through the hoop.

MaryWarm-up Activity

How do you comment on these two outcomes? Which one do you think is Chinese style in learning ？

Warm-up Activity

Text organization

Part1:beginning

Part2:middle

Part3:conclusion

1.What does the text begin with?

2.What are his thoughts mainly about?

3.What kind of end winds up the text?

Text organization

1. The text begins with an anecdote/incident.

2. His thought are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.

3. The end winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.

Text organization

Part Paragraph Main idea

1 1-5 The Chinese staff help Benjamin to place the key.

2 6-10 The author’s thoughts about different approaches to learning in China and the West.

3 11-14 The author gives a suggestion of a more rational approach to fostering creativity and basic skills.

Structure of the textText organization

Sentence study

Sentence study1 、 (L4) But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.

【【解析及翻译解析及翻译】】 该 句 是 个 长 句 ， 包 含 两 个 定 语 从 句 ，该 句 是 个 长 句 ， 包 含 两 个 定 语 从 句 ，即“即“ Ellen and I got in…” “where we stayed …”Ellen and I got in…” “where we stayed …” 。。 艾伦和我获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体艾伦和我获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间居住的金陵饭验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间居住的金陵饭店的大堂。店的大堂。

Sentence study

2. (L37) …since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?

【【解析及翻译解析及翻译】】“the desired action” is to drop the key through a slot into a box.既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？

3. 3. (L52)…- whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed…

【【解析解析】】whether it (he) be…or…be- 型虚拟的一种，意为“不管（不论）是…还是…”，表示让步，其省略结构为be it…, be he… or… 等，必须倒装。

Sentence study

1. Whether she be right or wrong/ Be she right or wrong, she will have my support.

2. Every day he takes a walk in the park in

the evening, whether it be cloudy or sunny

Sentence study

4. (L80) … young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition; and young Chinese being almost inseparable from the tradition, but, over time, possibly evolving to a point equally original.

Sentence study

【【解析及翻译解析及翻译】】该句当中 making & being… 是独立主格结构，做状语，进一步补充上一句的内容。西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统；而中国的年轻人则几乎离不开传统，但是，随着时间的推移，他们同样可能发展到具有创新的境界。

5. (L98) But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, …

Sentence study

【【解析解析】】Assuming that… 假定（表示真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气），有时表让步 。Cf. suppose/supposing that 表“如果，假如”。可用于虚拟语气和陈述语气。

1. Suppose that you had one million dollars,what would you do?

2. Assuming that it is true, you’re still wrong.

Sentence study

Words and Phrases

1. 1. attach ( to…)

Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.It would be unwise to attach too much importance to what he said. It would be unwise to attach too much importance to what he said. 过过分重视他说的话是不明智的。 分重视他说的话是不明智的。 The Middle School is attached to Beijing Normal University.The Middle School is attached to Beijing Normal University.Mr. Wells is obvious quite attached to his children.Mr. Wells is obvious quite attached to his children.常用词组：常用词组：attach importance/significance, value, weight, etc. to sth. attach importance/significance, value, weight, etc. to sth. 重视重视attach oneself to sb. attach oneself to sb. 粘着某人粘着某人attached a. be ~ to…attached a. be ~ to… 附属与附属与…………；对；对…………依恋依恋attachment n. ~ to… attachment n. ~ to… 对对…………的依恋的依恋c.f. (antonymc.f. (antonym 反义反义 ) detach) detach

Words and Phrases

Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.It would be unwise to attach too much importance to what he said. It would be unwise to attach too much importance to what he said. 过过分重视他说的话是不明智的。 分重视他说的话是不明智的。 The Middle School is attached to Beijing Normal University.The Middle School is attached to Beijing Normal University.Mr. Wells is obvious quite attached to his children.Mr. Wells is obvious quite attached to his children.常用词组：常用词组：attach importance/significance, value, weight, etc. to sth. attach importance/significance, value, weight, etc. to sth. 重视重视attach oneself to sb. attach oneself to sb. 粘着某人粘着某人attached a. be ~ to…attached a. be ~ to… 附属与附属与…………；对；对…………依恋依恋attachment n. ~ to… attachment n. ~ to… 对对…………的依恋的依恋c.f. (antonymc.f. (antonym 反义反义 ) detach) detach

Words and Phrases

1. 1. attach ( to…)

The video tape threw some light on how the British The video tape threw some light on how the British soldiers abused the prisoners of war.soldiers abused the prisoners of war.这盘录像带反映出英国士兵是如何虐待战俘的。这盘录像带反映出英国士兵是如何虐待战俘的。The anecdote throws light on the differences The anecdote throws light on the differences between Chinese and western ways of learning.between Chinese and western ways of learning.这段趣闻反映出中西方人不同的学习风格。这段趣闻反映出中西方人不同的学习风格。

Words and Phrases

2. 2. throw light on/upon sth.: explain, make clear 揭示，阐明

She had to rear a family of five. She had to rear a family of five. 她要养育一个五口她要养育一个五口之家。之家。This restaurant offered the naturally reared pork This restaurant offered the naturally reared pork and beef. and beef. 这家饭店提供天然饲养的猪肉、牛肉这家饭店提供天然饲养的猪肉、牛肉the rear rank the rear rank 后排后排at/in/from/towards the rear at/in/from/towards the rear 在在 // 从从 // 朝后面朝后面bring up the rear bring up the rear 处于最后的位置；断后，殿后处于最后的位置；断后，殿后

Words and Phrases

3. rear: v. (often passive) breed, raise animals; bring sb. up; 饲养动物；养育孩子； a. back side 后面的

He evolves a new system for running the factory. He evolves a new system for running the factory. 他制定了一套新制度来管理工厂。他制定了一套新制度来管理工厂。It sounds that you evolved this theory out of the It sounds that you evolved this theory out of the thin air. thin air. 听起来你的这套理论是无中生有。听起来你的这套理论是无中生有。The company has evolved into a major chemical The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.manufacturer. 这家公司已经发展成为一家大型的化工这家公司已经发展成为一家大型的化工厂。厂。fully/highly evolved fully/highly evolved 完全完全 // 高度进化高度进化evolution n. the theory of ~ evolution n. the theory of ~ 进化论进化论

Words and Phrases

4.evolve: v. cause to develop gradually 逐步发展

a natural ~ a natural ~ 天然港天然港She began to harbor doubts about the decision. She began to harbor doubts about the decision. 她她开始对这个决定抱有怀疑。开始对这个决定抱有怀疑。Harbor refugees Harbor refugees 收容难民收容难民~ a criminal ~ a criminal 窝藏罪犯窝藏罪犯

Words and Phrases

5. harbor n. v. 5. harbor n. v. 港口；庇护；心怀港口；庇护；心怀

The facts of the case gradually emergedThe facts of the case gradually emerged . . 案件的真相浮出了案件的真相浮出了水面。水面。The world is only slowly emerging from recession. The world is only slowly emerging from recession. 整个世整个世界正慢慢从经济衰退中走出来。界正慢慢从经济衰退中走出来。He emerged as leader at the age of thirty. He emerged as leader at the age of thirty. 他三十岁时初露锋他三十岁时初露锋芒担任了领袖芒担任了领袖 ..

newly emerging areas of science newly emerging areas of science 新兴的科学领域新兴的科学领域emergence n. emergence n. 出现出现emergency n. emergency n. 紧急紧急

Words and Phrases

6.6. emerge vi. (from/out of)emerge vi. (from/out of)

I don’t think it is impossible to ~ the power of the internet. I don’t think it is impossible to ~ the power of the internet. 我认为网络的影响力怎么说都不夸张。我认为网络的影响力怎么说都不夸张。without any ~ without any ~ 毫不夸张毫不夸张with a little ~with a little ~It is no exaggeration to say sth./ that…It is no exaggeration to say sth./ that… 说说…………并非夸张并非夸张have an exaggerated opinion of oneself have an exaggerated opinion of oneself 自视过高自视过高

Words and Phrases

7. exaggerate vt. make sth. seem larger, better than it really is 7. exaggerate vt. make sth. seem larger, better than it really is 夸大；夸大；夸张夸张

Exercises

1）一方面，父母应重视孩子的自力更生；但另一方面，他们不可以忽略引导塑造孩子行为的责任。2） 这个故事揭示了独立与创造的重要性。3）如果你学会了独立思考，你就有可能自己想办法去完成这个任务。4）美国人优先发展创造力，中国人优先发展基本技能，两种教育方式各有利弊。我们也许能在两种极端之间找到一种平衡。

ExercisesTranslation

1 ） On the one hand, parents should attach value to the children’s self-reliance; but on the other hand, they can’t neglect the duties of molding and shaping their children’s performance.2） This anecdote throws light on the importance/value of originality and independence.3） As long as you learn to think on your own, you are likely to figure out how to accomplish the task by yourself.4） American people give top priority to developing creativity and Chinese people to basic skills, both of which approaches to education has their own advantages as well as disadvantages. We may well gather a superior way to strike a balance between both extremes.

ExercisesAnswers to translation

Write an abstract for the text with the key words given.

on the one hand, on the other hand; throws light on; as long as; on one’s own, be likely to; figure out; may well do sth.in terms of ; teach sb. by holding one’s hands, attach; self-reliance; neglect; anecdote; principal ; rear; foster

Abstract

Exercises

Learning, Chinese style

This interesting anecdote of the writer throws light on some different approaches to learning in China and west. In terms of ways to learn to accomplish a task, the Chinese parents are likely to teach their children by holding their hands, while self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing for most American parents. As for the attitudes towards priorities of creativity and skills, American people give top priority to fostering creativity and Chinese people to basic skills. Both approaches to education have their own advantages as well as disadvantages. We may well gather a superior way to strike a balance between two extremes.

Sample

Vocabulary and structure

Exercises

cloze

Listening