非谓语动词 语法讲解

Wuxun High School

非谓语动词的类型 :

Infinitive 不定式

Gerund 动名词

Participle 分词

Structure :

to be done

Infinitive:

to do

Negative ( 否定 ): not to do

Passive voice:

(1). 主语 Subject

不定式作主语时 , 往往放在谓语之后 ,用 it 作形式主语 .

To get enough sleep at night is important.It____________________________________.

It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.

It takes sb +time to do.

is important to get enough sleep at night

1. 吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke.

2. 和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.

It only took two years to complete the project.

3. 完成这项工程只花了二年时间。

巩固练习 1

(2). 表语 Predicative

My job is

Your task ______________( 努力学习 ).is to study hard

To see is to believe.

to teach you English.

These days everyone wants to get rich fast.

(3) 宾语 Object

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有 :

fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree ， etc.

+ to do

like to do manage to do

think considerfind make feel

形式宾语

4. 我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.

5. 我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.

6. 学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought______________________.

7. 她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.

it interesting to play computer games.

it + adj.+ to do

巩固练习 2

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾补 Complement

五看 watch see

look at

observe

notice

三使 let

make have

二听 listen to

hear一感觉 : feel

当遇到下列动词时 , 不定式省略 to:

allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach 等 . 医生建议他去南方 .

The doctor advised him to go to the south.

+ + sb to do

I made him do his work.

He ______________________by me.See sb do sth --- sb be seen to do

He was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt.

A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen

改错 : He was heard talk to his mother for

an hour. to talk

was made to do his work

(5). 定语 Attributive

( 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 ,则不定式中要有介词 .)

He is looking for__________. （一间可以住的房子）

There is nothing___________.

* 我想要几本书在旅途中看。I’d like________________________________.a few books to read during the

journey

---What do you think of the school?---It is a very good _____.A. school to study in B. school for children to

studyC. studying school D. school to study

to worry about

The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008. （没有什么可担心的）

a room to live in

I came here to see youto see you.He got up early to catch the train.

(6) 状语 Adverbial

in order to , so as to ,

1. 表目的

2. 表原因We were very excited to hear the news.

3. 表结果This room is big enough to hold us.

enough…to, too…to, only to, etc.

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

1.____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001 春季高考 第 21 题

巩固练习 2

翻译： 1935 年 , 他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.

1. 作主语2. 作表语3. 作宾语4. 作宾语补足语5. 作定语6. 作状语

在句中承担的成分 :

主动语态 被动语态进行式

完成式

完成进行式

Tense and Voice （时态与语态）

to be doing

to have done

to have been done

----------

to have been doing

----------

(1).They pretended not to see us.

(2). He pretended to be sleeping.

(3).She pretended to have known it before.

( 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时 /发生在它之后 .)

( 在谓语动词发生的同时 ,不定式的动作也正在进行 )

(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 )

1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother

entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read

2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01 年高考 ) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told

巩固练习 3

3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth

_____ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave

•who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

我不知道是否要接受邀请。I don’t know whether to accept the invitation or not.

( 宾语 )

How to solve the problem is very important.

( 主语 )如何解决这个问题很重要。

我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.

( 表语 )

不定式与疑问词连用 :

•关于省略 (1). 不定式中的动词上文已出现过 , 下文要 省略该动词 .

e.g.: Would you like to go with me ?

(2). 不定式是 to be 结构 , be 不可省 . e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?

A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go

Yes, _______.

A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.

Yes,______.

1. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

巩固练习 4

不定式用在介词 but, except, besides 后时 ,如果这些介词前有行为动词 do 的各种形式 , 那么介词后的不定式不带 to, 相反则带 to.

(1). She could do nothing but ____ .(cry) (2). I have no choice but____. (go) (3).What do you like ____ besides____ .

(do, sleep)

cry

to go

to do sleep

(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _______ his

teaching because of poor health. to give up

explaining/to be explained

to be finished

not to eat

3.We find it impossible for the work 　 __________ ahead of time.

4.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.

2.The sentence wants________________once more.

5.I meant _________ you about it, but I forgot to do so.

to have told

1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by train. --Why not ____ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding

4. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. (97 上海 12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned

3. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need. (96 上海 14)

A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

5. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

A.to have studied B. to study

C. to be studying D. to have been studying

6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

A.not make B. not to make

C. not making D. don’t make

7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.

A.to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. see

8. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

A. who B. when C. how D. why

9. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

10.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off

11. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

12. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.

A. expected B. to expect

C. to be expecting D. expects

13. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

14. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.A. don’t make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make

Assignment:

1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.

2.Do all the exercise in the paper.

•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：

(1) 动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. (2) 主谓关系 He is always the first to come. (3) 同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.

•固定句型固定句型 ::

had better+ (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 Why (not) do sth.? …prefer to do/prefer doing …prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B …prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B …would rather (not) do sth. …would rather do A than (do) B …would rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做……

注意以下几种情况不定式的用法 * 在 the first, the second… ， the last 和 only 之后，只能用 to d

o 。 如： He was the last to leave the classroom ． * 如果 understand ， realize, know 用在 begin, start, attempt, i

ntend 后，只能用 to do 。 如： I began to understand the truth ． * 表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用 not to do, 而用 in order not

to do 或 so as not to do 。 如： (√)In order not to be seen, he came into the room through

the window ． (×)Not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ． (√)He came into the room through the window so as not to

be seen ． *so as to do 一般不放在句首。 (√)He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus ． (X) So as to catch the early bus ， he got up at five this morning ．

1.My teacher was made _____ his teaching

because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up

2.The sentence wants ____ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining

3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic.

A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being

4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave

5.I found the German language hard ____.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn

6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off

7.---How do you deal with the disagreement

between the company and the customers?

---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving,

madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made

8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study

9. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned

10.We find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time.A.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished

11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train. ----Why not ___ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go

12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made

13. I would rather starve to death than ___ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg

14.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read

1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make

3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.

A. expected B. to expect

C. to be expecting D. expects

4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. see

5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.

A. it what to do with B. what to do with it

C. what to do it with D. to do what with it

6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

A. who B. when C. how D. why

7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A. having met B. meeting

C. to meet D. to have met

9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating

11. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

13. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

14. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep

15. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.I’m glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.

10. How to solve this problem is very important.

（作主语）

( 作宾语）（作宾补）( 作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）

（作结果状语）

独立成分

和疑问词连用

Gerund一 . Structure ： doing Negative ： not doing

二 . 时态和语态

主动语态 被动语态ing 一般式

完成式making

having made( 不作定语）

being made

having been made( 不作定语

三 . 在句中承担的成分 :1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作定语4. 作表语

Collecting information is very important to business.

1. 作主语 :

Seeing is believing. e.g. ---What made him so unhappy?

---____ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing

Key : ________DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy

对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。 Crying over the spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 类似的还有： It is no good doing sth. It is no use doing sth.

I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?

2. 作宾语 :

Vt.

Prep.+ doing

下列动词通常用 ~ing 形式作宾语： admit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, ima

gine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, can’t help, 等。

如 :1 ） 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗 ? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2 ）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴 . The girl was told to practise playing the piano f

or three hours every day ． 3 ） Good news keeps coming.

下列 V.+prep. 通常用 ~ing 形式作宾语 , 尤其注意介词 to

e.g. insist on, prevent …from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse … for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, …etc.

Prep. 后通常用 ~ing 形式作宾语 . e.g.

The boy stood still without __________ (dare) to raise his head because of ___________ (break) a vase.

daring

having broken

to do 和 doing 的区别 :remember to do remember doing

forget to do forget doing

stop to do stop doing

go on to do go on doing

try to do try doing

regret to do regret doing

mean to do mean doing

注意 : 动词如： permit ,allow ， admit ， forbid ， imagine ， consider 有不同的用法 : ①V + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.

Please permit me to introduce myself to you first ．You surely can't consider him to be a selfish man ．My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night ．I allowed the children to play in my room for another

five minutes.

advise ／ permit ／ allow ／ admit ／ forbid／ consider doing sth.

e.g. ： The little boy admitted having broken the glass. They shouldn't allow parking in the street ; it's too n

arrow. I forbid smoking in my house ． We do not permit smoking in the office ．

3. 作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing. His job is teaching.

What’s the difference between them?

I’m fishing.

My hobby is fishing.

动名词

现在分词

4. 作定语 :

a walking stick A swimming pool A sleeping car

区别The walking man

The swimming girl

The sleeping boy

动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能

现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态

Gerund 的逻辑主语 :

Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the p

arty. 我几乎无法想象 peter 在五天内横渡大西洋 . I can hardly imagine Peter sailing acro

ss the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

动名词表示被动意义 :

在动词或词组 need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的动名词表示被动意义 :

Your composition needs improving. Your composition needs to be improved. The book is worth reading a second time. The book is worthy to be read/of being read

a second time.

非谓语动词 语法讲解

Wuxun High School

非谓语动词的类型 :

Infinitive 不定式

Gerund 动名词

Participle 分词-ing 分词

-ed 分词

-ing 分词 ( 以 make 为例 )

-ed 分词

主动语态 被动语态一般式完成式

主动语态 被动语态一般式

完成式

Having made

making being made

Having been made

madeX

X X

分词在句中承担的成分 :

由于分词具有形容词性和副词性 , 在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语 .

成份

类别

主语

宾语 定语 表语 补语 状语

现在分词 × ×过去分词 × ×

1.作定语

--the sun which is rising

-ing 分词和 -ed 分词修饰名词有前置位 & 后置位 .

1. the rising sun

2. He is a retired worker.--He is a worker who has already retired.

e.g.

3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.

4. These are goods imported from Japan.

前置位 :

后置位

--- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of money

What’s the difference between -ed and –ing participle?

-ing 分词表示“进行” -ed 分词表示“完成”-ing 分词表示“主动” -ed 分词表示 “被动”

主动

进行

被动

完成

在时态上 :

在语态上 :

--- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan.

Exercises : The _________(work) people have played a great role i

n the activity. I don't like ______(can) food , I prefer something

fresh .

working

canned

1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。

The girl_____________________ by her mother looked very timid.

2. 最近到处在议论的话题都与 2008年奥运会有关。 The topics _____________________ everywhere

recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .

who was standingstanding

being discussedwhich are being discussed

What’s the difference

?

1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.

to be discussed

discussed

进行

完成

将来2. The topics ________________(discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _______________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting was about the Olympics 2008.

巩固练习一 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)The man__________ (question) in the police

station now is a spy ． 2)A man_______ (respect) others will be respe

cted ． 3)Half of the guests _______(invite) to the conf

erence were foreigners. 4)The matter _________(discuss) is very impor

tant ．

being questionedbeing questioned

respectingrespecting

invitedinvited

being discussedbeing discussed

5. 被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 The boy was sent to the

hospital immediately.6. 每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人 .

The man every day is a retired worker .

injured by the car

delivering mails to my office

The glass is broken. The food smells inviting .

2.作表语

What he said sounds__________ (convince). He was ___________(interest) in what he lea

rned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was ____________(interest) ．

convincing

interested

interesting

这道菜香味怡人。

Please fill in the blank with the verb given ：使…信服

类似情况还有： surprising ~surprised, exciting ~excited, tiring ~tired , disappointing ~disappointed, encouraging ~encouraged ， amazed ~amazing , bored ~boring , pleasing ~pleased, astonishing ~astonished. -ed 分词

Sb. + Link.v + -ed 分词 -ing 分词

Sth. + Link.v + -ing 分词

人的感觉

事物本身的特点

巩固练习二 用所给动词的 -ed 或 ~ing 形式填空： 1)The journey was quite______ ． (tire) 2)The result of the exam made me __________ ．

(disappoint) 3)This was really an _______moment ． (excite) 4)His ___________look suggested that he didn’t

understand it ． (puzzle) 5)He seemed quite _______at the idea. (delight) 6)The present situation is _________ ． (encour

age)

tiringtiring

disappointeddisappointed

excitingexciting

puzzled puzzled

delighteddelighted

encouragingencouraging

They caught him cheating in the mid-term examination

He was caught cheating in the mid-term examination. You can't leave the workshop with the machine

running.

3. 作补语

1. 宾语补足语

2. 主语补足语

3. 介词宾语补足语

Fill in the blank: 1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly

_______.(clean)

2.Last night I saw him _______(play) the violin

with his eyes _______(shut).

“ 被动”

“ 主动”

More exercises

cleaned

playing

shut

“ 被动”

I heard my sister ________ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _________ in English. Mother heard her kid ___________ the door .

Mother heard the door _____________. (open) With the test _________(finish), we began to anal

yze the result. We __________________________ during our la

st meeting. 我们留下了很多问题没解决 . Would you please speak louder so as to ________?

A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heard

left a lot of problems unsolved

D

singing

sung

opening

opened

巩固练习三

finished

分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语 , 而句子本身可与状语从句等句型转换。

4. 作状语

1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy.

2.When it is heated, the metal expands. Heated, the metal expands.

3.Because he didn‘t know how to do it, he went to his father for help.

= Not knowing how to do it, he went to his father for help.

4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.

= Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.

“ 主动”

“ 被动”表示时间

表示原因

=

5. ________(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach.

= If you look out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach.

6._______ (keep) in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.

=If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.

表示条件

Looking

Kept

7. The children rushed out, shouting and jumping.

8. She walked out of the house, ________by her little daughter. (follow)

9. She walked out of the house, ________ her little daughter. (follow)

10. ———— (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong.

= Although it is considered as a building material, wood is not very strong.

e、表示让步

表示方式和伴随情况followed

following

Considered

11.The car was held up by the snowstorm, thus ______ (cause) the delay.

12.The glass fell to the ground, _____ (break) to pieces. 表示结果•分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。 e.g. heated, ice can be changed into water ． When

tired ,I went on with the work. walking in the street, I saw a road accident ．While

Though

causing

broken

1. 作定语

2. 作表语

4. 作状语

3. 作补语分词

分词的时态 :

-ing/ -ed + 主句（不强调动作先后） ;Having done Having been donee.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike i

s very useful. 2. Having been used for many years, the bike n

eeds repairing.

More exercises

+ 主句（强调时间先后）

1)The president promised to keep all the board members_______ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on ．

2)__________(be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the newly-built library.

3)_______________(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag ．

4)____________ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him.

informed

Having been

Having been invited

Not knowing

分词的逻辑主语 : 分词的逻辑主语一般为 ___________,但当分词

的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语， e.g.

If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, we‘ll have a field trip tomorr

ow ． 这被称为 _____________ 。 时间允许 , 我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我

叔叔 . Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my w

ay to Hangzhou.

主句的主语

分词的独立结构

* 但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。

如： Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again ．

Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than boys .

类似的还有 : Speaking of Talking of

…

高考题 1.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden

attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded

fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded B. recording

C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, ____ according to the

directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken

C. when to take D. when to be taken

B

B

A

4.________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

C

5.Before _____, the machine must be checked. A.being used B. using it C. being used to D. using

A

6.____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving

D

Homework:

Review what we have learned about participle

Finish the exercises in the paper.

1.___ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

C

解析 “陷入深思”有两种表达法，

A. Lose oneself in thought

B. be lost in thought

综合练习

5) Victor apologized his_______ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan.

6) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,_________ (exhaust).

7) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief__________ (catch).

8) Generally______ (speak), When _____(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

9) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_______ (play) in making the earth a better place______ (live).

not beingnot being

exhaustedexhausted

being caughtbeing caught

speaking taken

to play

to play

10 ) Though_______ (lack) money, his parents managed______ (send) him to university.

11) -- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

-- The key________ (solve) the problem is _______(meet) the demand ________(make) by the customers.

12) With a lot of difficult problems__________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

13) _____ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late___ (clear) up the river.

14) Do let your mother____(know) all the truth. She appears__________ (tell) everything.

lacking

to send

to solving

to meet made

to settle

Having suffered

to clear

know

to have been told

16) Sandy could do nothing but______ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.

17) Mr. Reed made up his mind ________(devote) all he had to_____ (set) up some schools for poor children.

18) One learns a language by______ (make) mistakes and________ (correct) them.

19) I've worked with children before, so I know what__________ (expect) in my new job.

20) Tony was very unhappy for_____________ (not invite) to the party.

admit

to devote setting

making

correcting

to expect

not having been invited

21)_____ (give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while__________ (recover) from the operation.

22) There are five pairs of shoes___________ (choose) from, but I'm at a loss which_______ (buy).

23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_________ (pay) by the hour.

24) What worried the child most was his__________ (not allow) visit his mother in the hospital

25 ) He claimed__________________ (treat) in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.

Given

to recover

to choose

to buy

paid

not being allowed

to have badly treated

26) _______ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never__________ (break).

27) While_______ (shop), people sometimes can't help _____________(persuade) into buying something they don't really need.

28) She looks forward every spring to____ (walk) in the flower-lined garden.

29) Once your business becomes international, ____(fly) constantly will part of your life

30) The little time we have together we try_________ (spend) wisely.

To fetch

to be broken

shopping

being persuaded

walking

flying

to spend

1)I meant to buy an evening paper, but I didn't see anyone ______(sell) them.

2)Just now I saw a man______ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _______(seat) on his shoulder ．

3)The lady would love to have her luggage _______(weigh).

4)The thief was caught______ (steal) goods in the supermarket again ．

5)---What happened to Mr. White early this morning ?

---Oh ， he was seen______ (knock) down and the driver_______ (drive) away ．

sellingselling

walkingwalkingseatedseated

weighedweighed

stealingstealing

knockedknockeddrovedrove

巩固练习四