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GROUP DYNAMICS

PRESENTED BY:

VARUNANEHA

MEGHA

SHIVANGI

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What is a group?

Two or more individuals interacting who have

come together to achieve a particular goal.

Two or more interacting individuals withastable pattern of relationship between them

who perceive themselves as a group.

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Ifa group exists the members:

Motivate to join.

Perceive the group as a unified unit of

interacting people.

Contribute in various degrees.

Have agreements and disagreements, butfinallyacommon outcome.

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What is group dynamics?

It is a perspective of:

Internal nature ofa group/ composition.

How it is formed. Its structure and processes.

How does it function.

How does itaffect individual members.

How does itaffect organisation.

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Reasons for joining groups

1. security: group reduces insecurity

and standing alone syndrome.

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2. Status : recognition and status same

as that of group

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4.Affiliation: Fulfills need ofaffection

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5.Power: There is power in number

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6. Goalachievement: pool oftalent,

skills and knowledege

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THEORIES

Based on spatial/geographical proximity.

Balance theoryIndividual X individual Y

Individual Z

Exchange theory(cost & reward)

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STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION

STAGE -I

FORMING: CONFUSION- notcertain about

purpose, task and leadership.

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STAGE III

NORMING: settling down, coop, collaboration

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STAGE IV

PERFORMING: group fully functional, devoted totask athand.

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STAGE V

ADJOURNING: end of group/ new modifiedgroup

happy

sad

depressed

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TYPES OF GROUPS

FORMAL & INFORMAL GROUPS

Formal Informal

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Command & Task groups

Interest & Friendship groups

coalitions

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FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP

PERFORMANCE

COMPOSITION

SIZE

NORMS

COHESIVENESS

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COMPOSITION

Heterogeneous group with diverse abilities andinformation more effective.

Effective outcome withheterogeneous group in

terms of gender, personality, opinions, skills andperspective.

More conflictladen and less expedient- moredeliberate.

Cultural diversity useful when diversity of viewpoints are required.

However, culturally diverse group have difficultyin learning.

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Contd..

Common demographicattributes like age, sex,race, education level strength of service in

organisation result in better outcome.

Composition ofa group acts as a predictor ofturn over.

Groups whichhave cohorts( persons with

common attributes) are likelyto performbetter.

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SIZE

Does the size ofa group affectthe groupsoverallbehaviour? YES

For completion ofa particular task

( something productive)- smaller group but forproblem solving alarger group more effective.

Socialloafing effect more people individual

effortless. Individualbecomes a free rider.

Preferable to have odd number.

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NORMS

What do they mean?

All groups have norms.

These are acceptable standards ofbehaviour thatareshared by group members.

These define what ought/ought notto be done bymembers.

When accepted and agreed upon by members theseactas behaviour influencing parameters for conduct

without outside control. Norms differ group to group.

These could be formally or informallylaid down.

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Common classes of norms

Performance norms: laid down parameters as to howhard a person is required to work, what productionlevelto achieve and so on.

Appearance norms: dress, seeming to look for a newjob etc.

Arrangement norms: basicallyapplicable to informalgroups. These laid down degree of social interaction. Inessence participative socialactivities.

Allocation of resources norms: these could include pay,bonus, tools equipment, assignment of difficult jobsetc.

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HOWS & WHYS OF NORMS

HOW

Norms normally develop in one or more ways:

Explicit statementby manager: no personalcalls

during working hours.

Critical events in groups history: monitoring eachother, eg: accident.

Primacy: the firstbehaviour pattern that emergessets the norms. My seat, my friend etc.

Carry over behaviour: what one followed.

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WHY

It facilitate group survival- as group they dontwantto failand forbid interference from other

groups.

It increases the predictability of groupmembers predictability ofbehaviour.

It reduces embarrassing inter personal

problems of group members.Itallows group members to express the

central values ofthe group and clarify.

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Any questions?

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Thank you