[2004] zf삭스코리아 근골격계질환 진단 및 대안마련을 위한 연구 보고서
TRANSCRIPT
- 1. ZF 2004. 6.
2. ( ) ( ) ( MK) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () () 3. .....1.2. ()3. 4. .499222929374552115 4. ZF I. . (WHO) 1985 (WHO,(multifactorial)1985) . (SluiterJK etal, 2001). 1. () , - , . . (DavidStubbs). . 1992 . . 10- 4 -1, 5. . 1 . (risk assessment) .-(work- - - system) (Klaus J. Zink, 2003) . - -(performance) (quality- ODAM(Organizational Design and Management : ODAM) of working life)(Macroergonomics) (macro-ergonomics) . (ScottPA and Zink K, 2003). 1. ( MICRO -ERGO NO MICS ) ( MACRO -ERGO NO MICS ) ( P hy sical demension) - () ( P scy chological demension) ( Q ualification) ( Economic demension) - 5 - 6. , , . , .WHO 1985 (multifactorial) . . ,,,,,,,,, ( , 2003-24) , ( ), ( ), : , , , ( ): , . (macro-ergonomics) . , . 2 .- 6 - 7. 2. () () - , () , , , , , , , - , , , . . 2(force),(movement) (vibration) (physical (( .)()(posture), factors) ( : ) (decision (nonphysicallatitude) ) factors) 3. 1. ; , , , 2. ; (, : ) (, )EU , - 7 - 8. 1997 NIOSH, ,Punnet BergqvistISO/DIS11226,UEMSD (ICOH) . DG-5NIOSH,(IEA) 1997 1999 . , . , (NIOSH, 1997).,WHO (WHO,1985). . . . :(autonomy),(decisionlatitude),. . , , , . , , . , . Karasek job content . , , . , . , 10 .- 8 -60 9. II. ZF , . , . , , , , , III.1. : (Participatory action research) (Participatoryaction research) . , , (Participatory -->action research) -->(De Kong Martin 1996). -->--> (Ritchie (Participatoryaction research) -->1996).-->--> --> , , .1) : , . : , . - 9 - 10. 2) : , . : , , , , O/T, , 3) : . : , , , 4): , . : 5): . : 6) ( ): , . : 7) (1) : , , . : , , 2. . .- 10 - 11. 1) . 2 . , . .(1) . 4. - , , , , , , - - , , , - , (, ) - , , - : , , (HAL) (NPF) - - - - - , , - , - , - - , - - , , - - - : , , /, /, /, /, / - , , , - , - , - - - - - - - - - - 11 - 12. (2) (NationalInstitute Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH) ( 1), (2,3,4). . 1 : 2 : (NIOSH3 : 1 1 ) 1(NIOSH , ) 1 ( ) 4 : 3 1 ( )(3) . Karasek(1979) . . , , , , , . , 4 (Karasek,- 12 -1979)(). 13. 2. (lowstrain group) . , , . (passivegroup) . . (activegroup) . (high group)strain . , , ,Theell(1990),(Karasek,1988).Karasek . Karasek(1988) . , . Karasek(1979) .- 13 - 14. Karasek(1982) . (4) (4) .(4) 7, 3,6, 1, 2 . 1 5 , , , , . . [, intensity of labor] ( EnCyber (http://www.encyber.com/). .- 14 - 15. 5. [ , intensity of labor] () . , . () , () , . . , () , . , 1 , 1 , 1 , . , . , (RMR). . RMR = ( - ) / = / . RMR 0.1 10.0 , () RMR 01 (), 12 , 24 , 47 , 7 ( ) . , , , . , , . , () . ( EnCyber (http://www.encyber.com/) - 15 - 16. 6. (2) [ , intensity of labour] . , , . . 1 . . , 1 . , . ( , http://nisweb.nonghyupi.com/dic/aac/aac206.html) ( ) ( ) , . , . . . 7. ( ) =( )= - 16 - 17. . , . , , , . 8. (, , ) , , , : , , 2)(1) , , : , , 2003-24: 2003-24(2003.7.15) . . 1.11 .4 2. 2 , , , - 17 - 18. 3. 2 , , , 4. , 2 5. 2 6. 2 ,2kg1kg 7. 2 4.5kg 8.1025kg 9.2510kg , , 10. 2 , 2 4.5kg11. 2 10 (2) ANSI(ANSI) 10ANSI(ANSIZ-365 Quick Checklist) . , , / , (>3m), ( / / / , / , / : , / / / / / / , ) (8 ) .(3) ACGIH TLV for Hand Activity (ACGIH) ACGIH TLV for Hand Activity (HAL) (NPF) , , (TLV) - 18 -0.78 19. (TLV) . 0.56 (AL) 0.78 . (TLV) (flexin), (extension), (rotation) (neutral) , (TLV) . 4 .(4) RULA McAtamneyCorlett(1993)RULA(Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) . ( ), , , (), , . , . 1(43 1 - 2) , 2( 3 - 4) ( ), (4(5 - 63) (soon) , 7) (immediately) . . 9. RULA 11-2 , 23-4 5-6 7 3 4 , - 19 - 20. (5) ACGIH Lifting TLV (ACGIH) ACGIH Lifting TLV . , . , (TLV)1/2 30 . NLE(theRevisedNIOSHLiftingEquation) , .NLE(6) NLE (the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation) NIOSH(1991) (AL: (RecommendAction Limit)(MPL) Weight Limit, RWL), (LiftingIndex, LI)RWL (,.8) . .RWL AL (H), (V), (D), (FM) (AM) (C) .RWL = 23(25/H){1-(0.003V-75}{0.82+(4.5/D)}{1-(0.0032A)}(FM)(CM)H(Horizontal distance) : , ( ) , 25cm. , (V(Vertical distance) : ) D(Vertical25cmtravelF(Frequency,(, 525-63 cmdistance)25cm/)::0-175cm. 25-175cm,. , 0.2/ 0.2/min ) .A(Asymmetric angle) :, 0-135 (sagittal.- 20 -plane) 21. RWL 0.2/, 25cm,23kg 75cm, 25cm, . NIOSH (LiftingIndex, LI)' , (RWL) (Ratio) .LI .LI = (kg)/ RWL(kg) (LI) RWL . LI . LI 1 ,LI 3NIOSH . LI , LI 1 .(6) Kilbom(1994) . 50 10 .0 . , , , 2.5 / 10 , , / 10 200 1 . - 21 - 22. .1. 1) %)ZF ( . 11. ( ) : % 1 2 3 4 136(95.8)137(96.5)72(50.7)30(21.1)28(19.7) 3 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 4 ( 1) 105 100 95 90 185 80A/ /Q - 22 - , w /d kd75 23. . 1 : 2 : 3 : 1 1 )(NIOSH 1(NIOSH , ) 1 ( ) 4 : 3 1 ( ) 1137(96.5%), 4 28(19.7%). ZF272(50.7%), , 10101.9330(21.1%), 9.6 . , 72(50.7%) . 12. / / / / / / 95% 0.970.502-1.8822.491.132-5.4870.390.195-0.7942.151.081-4.2642.461.242-4.88712 , . - 23 -ZF2 24. .2.1) () 8 . . . . . . . 2) ANSI CNV-O/coverCNV - FRT.Rr..KD 15 ANSISTRUT CNV - FRT ASS'Y. BL - FRT ASS'Y.GQW/D 1 R/C-FRT.T/T. . . ANSI15RrO/shell .ANSI . 3) ACGIH.Sca- FRTCNV - FRT Rr,R/C . ..KDTLVASS'Y.CNV-FRT,STRUTSM - 5 FRT ASS'Y. BL - FRT ASS'Y. CNV -GQ - FRT . .W/D. . . , . ANSI CNV FRT, BL FRT ASS'YR/CW/DCNV Rr,STRUT CNV FRT, .4) ACGIH(TLV) . NIOSH(NLE) . , - 24 - 25. , (ACGIH ),CNV FRT ASS'Y(STRUTASS'Y().CLOSING(5)KD)TLV) STRUT CNV FRT SUB CNV Rr( ), (BOX),(BL FRTW/D 1 ), . 6) , . . ( ): , / : ( :) . : , - 25 - 26. 3.ZF 3 . KDWD LI NE LI NE , , S TR UT. 5. 35 30 25 kd wd st20 15 10 5 0 20021)20032004.4 20034 , 3 . . W/D LINEZF W/D , , .- 26 - 27. 2) W/D 2002 5 10 , . ZF .3)ZF . . .4)ZF . ,2001 2002 , LINE . LINE , , . .5) - 27 - 28. . . ZF , . ZF , , , . W/D . LINE,K/DZF K/DW/DLINE A/S,W/D . . W/D LINE . . ZFSTRUT , . ZF , .- 28 - 29. . 1. 1) 2004 5 18 5 24 . , 2)142 88%162. . 13. cm kg( ) ( ) 70 8 66 905.7 8.3 8.3 7.31 1. 3 .3 . 14.3 12 32 1 1 106 0 0 136 37 27 77 32 106 80 61 , 77(54.6%)38.3.Cm32(22.9%),61(43.3%)(43.3)171.0 . . ( . ) ( .1) ( . ) ( . ) (22. ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( )7 118426 1 4 1, 106(75.7%) 2/32. 106(76.3%) , - 29 - 07 5 85 5 87 9 75 7 07 07 0 0 (100.0) (26.2) (19.2) (54.6) (23.0) (76.3) (56.7)1 . 66.9Kg.(%) (100.0) (0 ) 14249(80.0%) 30. 3 . 3)14.3. 14. 17 70 15 39 85 3 3 33804.9 141 55.7141(99.3%) 71(50.4%)1(2.1) (2.1) (3 .3) (4 . ) (14.1) (2.1) (4 .4) (4 . ) ( . )0 97 78 (99.3)1(0.7%) 17 6511817.5 8.7 ,(%) (50.4) (49.7) (10.5) (27.5) (59.9)5 66 20 3 57 70 1 1 . 55.7(8.7). . 54(38.0%) . 15. ;, ; ; ; ; ; - 30 - 4 4 4 2 10 6 53 14 325 5 (2.9) (2.9) (2.9) (1.4) (7.2) (4.3) 3 (38.1) (10.1) (23.0) (3.6) (3.6) 31. 16. () () 07 07 0 6 9 6 5 (3.6)1 1 14 32 1 44 6 5 17 ()( . ) ( . ) (1 .1) (23.2) (11. ) (31. ) (3. ) (12.3) (1. )52 66(46.5%),20(14.1%)553(37.3%), . (40.4%), 70(49.7%),11(7.8%)4.5(1.9)6.2(2.1) . 17. (1) () 37.8 22.8 3835.9 14.1 38.7 22.9 3774.9 14.4p-value 0.5071 0.8979 0.6703 0.80595.66.70.00404.24.80.0757 18. (2) / / / / / /95% 0.970.502-1.8822.491.132-5.4870.390.195-0.7942.151.081-4.2642.461.242-4.887- 31 -57 . , , 32. 1718 , 1718 .4) ZF 86(61.5%) , . 101(71.6%) , . 19. () () .26(18.6) 60(42.9) 47(33.6) 7(5.0) 2. () . 23(16.3) 45(31.9) 60(42.6) 13(9.2) 3(2.1) 37(26.2) 75(53.2) 26(18.4) 3. . 5(3.6) 28(20.0) 67(47.9) 40(28.6) 4. () () . 6(4.4) 44(31.9) 56(40.6) 32(23.2) 5. . 6(4.4) 33(23.9) 60(43.5) 39(28.3) 6. . 7. () ( 17(12.1) 32(22.7) 69(48.9) 23(16.3) ) . 1. () .8. .8(5.7) 39(27.7) 69(48.9) 25(17.7)6 6 7 6 6 57(41.0) 22(15.8) 66(46.8) 37(26.2) 23(16.3) 15(10.6) 10. . 7(5.0) 23(16.4) 50(35.7) 60(42.9) 11. . 9(6.5) 15(10.9) 57(41.3) 57(41.3) 12. . 20(14.3) 47(33.6) 42(30.0) 31(22.1) 13. . 14. 6(4.3) 9(6.4) 40(28.6) 85(60.7) . 9. () 23(1 . ) 3 (2 . ) .- 32 -2 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 1 2 4 2 2 33. 5) 20. 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. () . 7. . 8. . 21. ZF 005 6 95 98 7 95 5 9 53 . ( .2) 4.2( . ) . (2. ) . (2. ) 1 .3(4. )8(5.7) 6(4.3) 5(3.6) 6(4.4) 16(11.3) 10(7.0) 20(14.1) 14(9.9)8 7 0 74(52.5) 21(14.9) 53(37.9) 64(45.7) 17(12.1) 54(38.3) 66(46.8) 16(11.4) 62(44.9) 55(39.9) 15(10.9) 59(41.6) 61(43.0) 6(4.2) 47(33.1) 73(51.4) 12(8.5) 82(57.8) 36(25.4) 4(2.8) 75(53.2) 47(33.3) 5(3.6) 3 (2 . )ZF 33.3(6.4) 52.0(13.1) 9.3(2.6) 10.5(2.3) 19.8(4.0)1 2 1 41 3.3 -12.5 -0.5 1.0 0.5 , , , , . , , , , . . 22. (1) p-value 32.7 53.6 9.6 11.0 20.633.8 50.4 9.0 10.0 19.10.3220 0.1667 0.2156 0.0080 0.0298- 33 - 34. 23. (2) * ZF222395% 1.180.600-2.3230.560.282-1.1160.490.246-0.9870.690.353-1.3330.670.338-1.313 , , . 24. 24 27 8 83 (19.1) (5.6) (58.5) (8.4)12 12 , , . 83(58.5%), ZF 27(19.1%). . 25. () 32.9(6.2) 48.6(11.8) 9.4(2.5) 9.9(2.6) 19.2(4.3)kd 34.2(4.7)46.0(10.0)9.6(3.0)10.6(2.3)20.2(4.9)w/d 36.3(6.4)49.9(2.4)9.0(2.4)10.4(2.2)19.4(3.5)sturt31.4(5.5)44.5(8.5)9.2(1.8)10.3(1.9)19.5(3.3) , /QA/33.0(6.9)66.1(14.2)9.0(3.5)11.7(2.5)20.6(4.6)27.7(4.0)58.9(6.5)9.8(2.0)10.3(1.7)20.2(3.2)- 34 - 35. 7) ZF , , , , . 26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 / ( ) ( ) 272(1.4) 4(2. )8 14(10.0) 8(5.7) 5(3.6) 4(2.8) 1(0.7) 1(0.7) 7(5.0) 1(0.7) 1(0.7) 1(0.7) 5(3.6) 7(5.0) 5(3.6) 3(2.1)79 78 30(21.4) 28(19.9) 27(19.3) 31(22.0) 6(4.3) 2(1.4) 8(5.7) 7(5.0) 17(12.2) 7(5.2)758 86 5 9 65 7 89 6 85 60 7 66 6 8 70 50 0 56 0 0 75 55 9 6 77 55 86 6 9 65 7 80 57 2(1.4) 07 6(4.3) 79 56 0 2(1.4) 79 9 8(5.7) 90 6 6(4.3) 8 92 (1 .2) 11( . )3( 1. ) 122( . ) 2( . ) ( 3.1) ( . ) (4 . ) ( . ) (4 . ) 2( 1.4) (3 . ) ( .4) ( 3.2) 2( . ) ( .1) 1 4( 4.3) ( . ) 111( . ) ( 4.3) 12 ( 1.4)8 99 8 9 5 06 6 0 42(30.0) 62(44.3) 46(32.9) 61(43.9) 25(18.0) 35(25.7) 37(26.4) 42(30.0) 29(20.7) 42(29.8) 12(8.6) 37(26.4) 2 (1 . ) 4(2. ) 4(2. ) 1 (1 . ) 23(1 .4) 31(22. )7811( . )1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 307 9(6.4) 21(15.0) 20(14.3) 13(9.3) 16(11.5) 13(9.4) 7(5.2) 6 11(7.9) 2 17(12.1) 2 2 4(2.9) 9(6.4) 1 7(5.0) 3 1( . )2 23(2.1) ZF . 27. 18.7 24.3 9.5 3.0 5.7 61.2- 35 - 19.3 24.7 9.3 3.1 5.9 61.8p-value 0.2223 0.4183 0.3144 0.2360 0.0126 0.4732 36. 28. () 18.1(1.3)24.8(3.2)9.4(1.4)3.2(0.8)5.8(0.5)61.5(4.0)kd 17.7(2.5)23.5(1.9)8.7(1.6)3.2(0.7)6.1(0.6)58.7(3.5)w/d 20.9(3.8)25.6(3.5)9.6(1.3)2.9(0.8)5.5(0.6)64.1(6.5)sturt18.1(2.2)23.6(2.6)9.7(1.4)2.7(0.7)5.7(0.6)59.8(4.3)19.7(2.6)24.6(2.8)9.9(1.6)3.2(0.6)5.9(0.4)63.0(5.5), /QA/18.7(1.9)23.2(2.3)9.2(0.6)3.0(0.0)5.7(0.5)60.0(4.0)7)ZF , (NIOSH) (, , ), ( ), (1 ), ( ) . NIOSH1 137(96.5%),28(19.7%) . 29. ( ) : % 1 2 3 489(62.7)91(64.1)21(14.8)3(2.1)3(2.1)114(80.3)108(76.1)42(29.6)8(5.6)7(4.9)/62(43.7)71(50.0)16(11.3)2(1.4)2(1.4)/66(46.5)68(47.9)17(12.0)5(3.5)3(2.1)/114(80.3)109(76.8)45(31.7)16(11.3)16(11.3)/ 101(71.1)96(67.6)36(25.4)13(9.2)13(9.2)136(95.8)137(96.5)72(50.7)30(21.1)28(19.7)- 36 - 37. - 1 / 109(76.8), 108(76.1), / 96(67.6), 91(64.1), / 71 (50.0), / 68(47.9) . , .2. ZF 3 . kdwdLINE , strut. . 6 . 35 30 25 kd wd st20 15 10 5 0 200220032004.4 30. kd wd strut 2002 70 46 11 4 39 31 5 19 225- 37 -2003 46 42 37 0 45 42 11 19 2422004.4 35 9 44 15 43 22 15 17 200 38. 7. , 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2002 ZF20032004. 4 , , , .(1) 20034 , 3 . . W/D LINEZF W/D , , . KD 3 . . 9 8 3 . . W/D . ..... - 38 - 39. . ..... 3 7% , . .......... . W/D , . W/D . . .(2) W/D 2002 5 10 , . ZF ." W/D . KO. , . W/D ..............- 39 - 40. W/D . , . . . ............... W/D . K/D . W/D . . ......... . .... ...... 30% 70 .(3) ZF . . .- 40 - 41. . , . ...., . W/D . . Strut ...... .........() () . . . () , , . . . ...... . . , . . . . . , . ...........(4)ZF . - 41 - 42. ,2001 2002 , LINE . LINE , , . . 2 . . . . , . . . . . 50 . 2 . . . . , . .- 42 - 43. (5) . . ZF , . W/D 13 . . 02 SM . . . . 2 1 , . . . . 10 . 15 10 . . . .- 43 - 44. .......... . . 5 . , . . . .ZF , .- 44 - 45. 3.ZF ( ) . CNV FRT, BL FRT ASS'Y,W/DCNV RrANSICNV, FRT,STRUTW/DR/C .ANSICNV FRT SUB11(,,,/)10202020(2kg)CNV FRT ASS'Y STRUT191.250303020(7kg)SM 5 FRT ASS'Y141.252404040(14kg) (7kg) (19 , S CAR FrtS CAR CNV FrtB/C FRT W/D 1 W/D 2 W/D 230303010161635151.3050320120.20242401210454501410303001.252252500.60606002.6624362601.25024240(9kg)1030300(9kg)0.6602424018GQ Frt (14kg) 0.5037250(18kg)160.660202000.83....(9kg) (0.6016160) (5kg)1012120(9kg)16 =13 GQ Frt)18 KD15T/T Rr O/SHELLT/T Rr O/Cover15 19W/D Closing W/D219 W/D R/C1.21518BL FRT ASS'Y CNV Rr15/(10- ), (TLV)=0.78- 45 - 46. 1)(1) ()/ ANSI . 1.ANSI ANSI Z-365^CNV FRT SUB11CNV FRT ASS'Y19SM 5 FRT ASS'YSTRUT14 19CNV Rr18BL FRT ASS'Y 15 , 12 12S CAR Frt S CARCNV Frt B/C FRT19 W/D R/C W/D 1141519W/D 2W/D 218KD18GQ Frt16 GQ Frt15T/T Rr O/SHELL T/T Rr O/Cover15W/D Closing W/D1316 15 0-9 10-15 16 ( ) FrtANSI 10STRUT CNV FRT ASS'Y, BL FRT ASS'Y, CNV Rr,W/D 1 W/D R/CT/T Rr O/Cover,GQ Frt,W/D,15- 46 -KD. T/T Rr O/SHELLCNV, 47. . ()15.65. (HandActivity) ACGIH TLV . 2. TLV TLVCNV FRT SUB 1CNV FRT ASS'Y SM 5 FRT ASS'Y1.25BL FRT ASS'YSTRUT1.251.2CNV Rr1 1.3 , 0.2 S CAR FrtS CAR1.25 0.6W/D R/C W/D 1W/D 21.25W/D 21T/T Rr O/Cover0.660.780.830.6 1GQ Frt(TLV)0.5 GQ FrtACGIH0.66T/T Rr O/SHELLACGIH2.66W/D Closing W/DKD1CNV Frt B/C FRT1 ACGIH0.56, , . (Hand (NormalizedPeak Force, NPF)Activity Level, HAL) . ( ) . (TLV) (AL) 0.56. 0.78= - 47 - . 0.78/ (10-) 48. 2 TLV (TLV) T/T Rr O/Shell , FRT, W/D 2,T/T Rr, GQ Frt4(B/C) . , W/D R/C, , . () ACGIH Lifting TLV (LI) 1 TLV() (LI) (TLV) . ACGIH TLV . , . () . , (25Kg ) ACGIH TLV .- 48 - 49. 4. ACGIH TLVACGIH TLVCNV FRT SUB()(2kg)CNV FRT ASS'Y SM 5 FRT ASS'YSTRUT(7kg) (14kg) (7kg)BL FRT ASS'YCNV Rr( ) , S CAR FrtS CAR CNV Frt B/C FRT (9kg)W/D Closing W/DW/D 2W/D 2(9kg)T/T Rr O/Cover (18kg)(9kg)T/T Rr O/SHELLKD(14kg) W/D R/C W/D 1 (5kg) (9kg)GQ Frt GQ Frt( ) , TLV . : > 360/: 8:30()(,():- 49 -) 50. () 3.Kilbom(1994) .Kilbom(1994)(,,,/)CNV FRT SUB202020CNV FRT ASS'Y0303020SM 5 FRT ASS'Y2404040BL FRT ASS'Y23030300161635 050320 , STRUT0024240 045450030300225250 0606002436260024240030300024240037250020200CNV RrS CAR FrtS CAR CNV Frt B/C FRTW/D R/C W/D 1W/D Closing W/DW/D 2W/D 2 T/T Rr O/SHELL T/T Rr O/Cover KD ....016160 012120GQ Frt GQ Frt (2.5/), (10/), (10/), (200/) .ZF50 10 . W/D R/C .(4) ( ) , , - 50 - 51. , . , , , . ANSI , , (/ ) . , . , ACGIH TLV .- 51 - 52. STRUT CNV-FRT SUB 2004. 5. 24 8,, , , , 2, 1. 80(1: 4-5kg) 5m 4-5kg .(420-460 ) : STRUT CNV P/rod P/rod . . : STRUT CNV .. .- 52 - 53. / / 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 0(3) / 2(2 2(2 2 00(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 11 ) ) (2) (2) : 11 . (HAL) (NPF)6 : (TLV)=0.784(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1 1 .Limit)=0.56 1 . . (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 53 - 54. / 45 (kg)5 *60-80(TLV) (kg)2TLV 2.5 - 54 - 55. CNV-STRUT ass'y 2004. 5. 24 8,, , , , STRUT 2, 1, ( 4-5kg, 4-5kg) .(13kg) : STRUT CNV ( , ). :( )STRUT CNV . . . :STRUT CNV . . . .- 55 - . 56. :STRUT CNV STRUT (13kg) . / / 3(3) 2(3) 2(3) 0(3) / 2(2 0(2 )2(2) 2(2)) 20(2) (2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 19: 19 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)65 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.25: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.25 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 56 - 57. / 45 (kg)13 *30-60(TLV) (kg)7TLV 1.85 - 57 - 58. - 58 - 59. 3) SM -5 FRT 2004. 5. 24 8,, , , , STRUT 1. CNV-FRT P/ROD . ( ) , 7-8kg, 10 450 . : SM-5 FRT STRUT ( , ) : SM-5 FRT STRUT . , . . . : SM-5 FRT STRUT . . . . - 59 - 60. / / / 3(3) 2(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2)2 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 14: 14 . (HAL) 6 (NPF) 5[NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.25: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.25 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) / (kg) * (TLV) (kg) TLV 38 9 30cm 14 0.64- 60 - 61. - 61 - 62. BL FRT STRUT ass'y 2004. 5. 24 8, , , , , STRUT 3 BL-FRT CNV-FRT 6-8kg 3(450) : BL FRT STRUT ( ) : BL FRT STRUT (, ,) . :BL FRT STRUT SUB . .- 62 - 63. / / / 3(3) 2(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 19: 19 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)56 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.2: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.2 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/) (10/) (200/) - 63 - 64. / 45 (kg)8.5 *30-60(TLV) (kg)7TLV 1.21 - 64 - 65. CNV-Rr 2004. 5. 24 8, , , , , STRUTCNV-Rr 3 CNV-FRT 3kg 1000 , . : CNV Rr STRUT ( , , ,) . . : CNV Rr STRUT . . ., - 65 - 66. / / 3(3) 1(3) 1(3) 0(3) / 2(2 2(2 2 02(2) 2(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 18 ) ) (2) (2) : 18 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)6 : (TLV)=0.784(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1 1 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/) - 66 - 67. A: 42 /B: 21 A: 5.6 (kg)B: 3.8 A: B: A: 30-60 *B: 60-80 A: 7(TLV) (kg)B: 0.8TLV - 67 - 68. 2004. 5. 24 8,, , , , (,) 3( 2) / 1 LINE SUB . 2 3 10 3200 , 1.2m, O/SHELL 1-3Kg , . : (, , ). / / / 3(3) 0(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 1(2) 2(2) 2(2)2 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 15: 15 .- 68 - 69. (HAL) 7 (NPF) 4[NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.3: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.3 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) (RULA) (6) (3) (4) (2) (6) (6) (2) 4232411 74 , , . 7, 4 .- 69 - 70. - 70 - 71. , 2004. 5. 24 8, , , , , , 1. 1 , , , . 1.4m 1800 . : , , . : , . - 71 - . 72. / / / 3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 1(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 12: 12 . (HAL) (NPF)43 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.5: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 0.5 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 72 - 73. (RULA) (6) (3) (4) (2)(6)(6) (2) 3 3 2 2 2 5 2 7 4 , , , . 7, 4 . ( - 73 - 74. S-car Frt 2004. 5. 25 8,, , , , 4 200 . . () . 8OT 1kg 1200 . 20-30kg 12 . 90 . 250kg 1 5m . : S-CAR FRT : S-CAR FRT . . . . .- 74 - 75. / / / 3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2)1 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 12: 12 . (HAL) (NPF)6 4[NPF/(10-HAL)] 1: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 75 - 76. - 76 - 77. S-CAR FRT 2004. 5. 25 8, , , , , 200 . . () . 8OT 1kg 1200 . 20-30kg 12 . , H/BKE'T . : S-CAR FRT / / / 3(3) 1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2)2 0 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 14 (2) (2) : 14 . - 77 - 78. (HAL) 6 : (TLV)=0.78 (NPF) 4(Action[NPF/(10-HAL)] 1 1 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/) (10/) (200/) - 78 - 79. GQ-Frt 2004. 5. 25 8, , , , , 4 GQ FRT 4 . 800-1000 1 P/ROD . OIL . O/SHELL LIFT . OIL P/ROD , , (P/ROD A'SSY) OIL . . . TEST . . 5kg . : KD GQFRT : KD GQFRT . - 79 - 80. / / / 1(3) 2(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2)2 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 16: 16 ( ) . (HAL) 5 : (TLV)=0.78 (NPF) 4(Action[NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.6 0.6 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/) (10/) (200/) / 80-85 (kg)3 *60-80(TLV) (kg)5TLV 0.6- 80 - 81. (NIOSH) - 81 - 82. T/T Rr O/SHELL 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , KD 4O/SHELL CYL . . : T/t Rr O/shell . : T/t Rr ( . . )- 82 - 83. / / / 3(3) 2(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 18: 18 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)43 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.5: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 0.5 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 83 - 84. (NIOSH) 9.7Kg LI 0.47 10.4Kg LI 0.43 - 84 - 85. T/T Rr O/Cover 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , KD OIL P/ROD P/CASE .(,). P/CASE . : T/t Rr NG . : T/t Rr ( . .) : T/t Rr - 85 - 86. / / / 3(3) 0(3) 3(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 16: 16 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)44 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.66: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 0.66 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 86 - 87. / 60 (kg)3.4 *30-60(TLV) (kg)9TLV 0.35 - 87 - 88. GQ-Frt 2004. 5. 25 8, , , , , GQ-Frt 4 GQ FRT 4 . 800-1000 1 P/ROD . OIL . O/SHELL LIFT . OIL P/ROD , , (P/ROD A'SSY) OIL . . . TEST . . 5kg . : KD GQFRT : KD GQ .FRT , - 88 - 89. / / / 1(3) 1(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2)2 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 15: 15 . 5.3kg . 1 . . (HAL) (NPF)5 : (TLV)=0.785(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1 1 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 89 - 90. / 80-84 (kg)5.3 *30-60(TLV) (kg)9TLV 0.59 5.3kg 80-84 9kg. 1 2 0.58 1.17 2 10.6kg . 19KG NIOSH : 9.3 : 6.0 : 2.0 : 3.1 . . 2 . ( ) 19kg 5 3m . . B/STOPPER HOPPER (2 1 2 )- 90 - 91. 2004. 5. 25 8, , , , , KD- 2 . . ( P/CASE, 2-30kg .) / . : . . : box .- 91 - 92. / / / 1(3) 3(3) 2(3) 0(3) 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(2)1 0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 13: 13 . 22.5kg-28kg 1-4 . 6,8kg . . . (HAL) (NPF)4 : (TLV)=0.785(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.83 0.83 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/) (10/) (10/) (200/) - 92 - 93. / 20 (kg)11 *30-60(TLV) (kg) TLV 11kg 1 20 . . (NIOSH) NIOSH 6.69 5.21 4.18 5.36 NIOSH 4.69 5.59 4.47 3.75 (LI) 1 / . (RULA) (6) (3) (4) 333 (2) 1(6) 2(6) (2) 42 74, , , , . 7, 4 .- 93 - 94. . 1 4 . 21kg, 27.7kg , , . . . BOX : HOIST - 94 - 95. CNV-Frt 2004. 5. 25 8, , , , , CNV-Frt 2 1.325kg 1 135 . 775g 1m . 3kg . . 659 2 , 10 - 95 - 96. : CNV-FRT O/shell . : CNV-FRT . :CNV-FRT : CNV-FRT . Sub (..) .- 96 - 97. / / / 3(3) 2(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2)20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 19: 19 ( ) . 10.4kg O/SHELL 1-4 . 12kg 1 . . . (HAL) (NPF)6 5[NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.25: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.25 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) 3kg 2 6kg 14kg .- 97 - 98. (NIOSH) NIOSH 4.90kg 6.07kg 1.56 1.26 (LI) 1 / . ABS . O/SHELL PALLET LIFTER 2 ( )- 98 - 99. B/C FRT 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , 2SUB 200 5M 1 , . 1 S/GUIDE MAG 1 2 10 550 . : B/C FRT . , : B/CMAG ( .) - 99 - 100. / / / 3(3) 0(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2 00(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 15 (2) (2) : 15 . (HAL) (NPF)5 : (TLV)=0.783(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.6 0.6 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 100 - 101. - 101 - 102. W/D R/C 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , W/D 1 R/C P/ROD R/C OIL O/SHELL R/C 3 2,000 . : W/D R/C ( ) : W/D P/ROD ( . ) - 102 - 103. / / / 3(3) 1(3) 3(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 19: 19 ( ) . (HAL) 7 (NPF) 8[NPF/(10-HAL)] 2.66: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 2.66 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 103 - 104. - 104 - 105. W/D Closing 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , W/D 12 2 2 1 1EA 10 , 3 2,0002=4,000 , , . :W/D ( . ) :W/D 90 .- 105 - 106. / / / 23(3) 2(3) 0(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2)0(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 15: 15 . (HAL) (NPF)65 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1.25: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 1.25 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 106 - 107. / 170-200 (kg)5.2*2=10.4 *30-60(TLV) (kg)9TLV 1.15 - 107 - 108. W/D 2004. 5. 27 8, , , , , 2Closing 2 Cap 1, 1 , 1EA , . : W/D CAP . : W/D . ( . ) - 108 - 109. / / / 3(3) 1(3) 2(3) 0(3) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 18: 18 ( ) . (HAL) (NPF)5 : (TLV)=0.785(Action [NPF/(10-HAL)] 1 1 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) (NIOSH) - 109 - 110. - 110 - 111. W/D 2 2004. 5. 27 8,, , , , O/SHELL , O/SHELL 1EA . BVC . Cylinder O/SHELL Cylinder . - 111 - 112. :W/D ( :W/D (. ) . :O/SHELL :O/SHELL .O/SHELL . - 112 - 113. / / / 3(3) 1(3) 1(3) 0(3) 2(2) 0(2) 2(2) 2(2) 20(2) (2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 0(2) 2(2) 15: 15 . (HAL) (NPF)44 [NPF/(10-HAL)] 0.66: (TLV)=0.78 (Action 0.66 .Limit)=0.56 (2.5/)(10/)(10/) (200/) - 113 - 114. - 114 - 115. .1. ZF SACHS KOREA 21.1%, 96.5% , 19.7% .50.7%, 50.7% . 2.ZF SACHS KOREA ( ), , , . , , . ( 3.52.9%) . . , 4., , , , , . .5. , . , . , . .6. .1) .- 115 - 116. 2) .3) , . , .4) . . , 1050 . , .5) , . , .6) , .7) . , . . , .- 116 -