مهارات وضع الاسئلة
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مهارات السؤال
Questioning Skills
د. علي عبد الزهرة مهدي رئيس فرع العلوم الطبية األساسية – كلية التمريض
Teaching is the art of asking questions
Successful question has 4 conditions: 1. Clarity. 2. Reliability .3. Validity .4. Fairness .
Bloom’s Categories of Cognitive Learning
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
Objective items : require students to select the correct response from several alternatives or to write a word or short phrase .
Subjective items : permit the student to construct his own answer or response .
Types of Questions
Multiple Choice.True-False .Matching .Completion .
Objective items
Advantages - Large number of students can be examined .- Grading is fair and consistent .- Easy and rapid scoring .- As general, more reliable and more valid .
Objective items
Disadvantages - Guess is possible .- Can’t assess communication and writing skills .- Difficult in constructing .- Measuring skills of evaluation and creation is
difficult .
Objective items
Multiple Choice items
can be used to test the ability to : recall memorized information apply theory to routine cases and
novel situations provide feedback knowledge
1 .Stems must be clear
2 .Imprecise phrases should be avoided in stem (e.g. associated with , useful for, important … etc.)
Cancer is associated with : Smoking X-ray Antibiotics Hormonal imbalance
3 .Vague terms (like : usually, frequently … etc.) must be avoided in stem
What symptom is frequently associated with drug allergy : Shock Rash Dyspnea Anemia
4 .Options must be absolutely true or false
MBI is a measurement of : Fat level in the body Obesity Risk of heart disease Response to diet
5 .Capitalize and/or underline negative words
Which of the following is NOT a sign : headache rash Moon face vomiting
6 .All options must be plausible and attractive
6 .Do not overlap options
7 .Options must be similar in :
- length - grammatical structure - mode of expression
8 .Arrange Options randomly
9 .Look carefully at this example and tell what is wrong !
-The drug that act against microbes is called : A. antibioticB. AnalgesicC. Narcotic
D. Hypnotic
9 .Look carefully at this example and tell what is wrong !
-The drug that act against microbes is called : A. anti-bioticB. AnalgesicC. Narcotic
D. Hypnotic
Which drug is used to treat UTI in 2nd month pregnants
Ciprofloxacin Cephalosporin Ampicillin No drug should be used at this
time
True/False Items
True/False Items
Advantage Test large amount of contentStudents can answer 3-4
items per minute Can evaluate popular
misconception
Disadvantage Very easy Guessing is 50% Difficult to discriminate
between students’ knowledge Can’t assess higher cognitive
levels .
Express a single idea in each test item.Express the item statement as simply and as clearly as possible.Items should be absolutely true or false, without qualifications or exceptions. Avoid extremer modifiers or qualifiers
Matching Items
Matching Items
Advantage Valuable in large contentCan assess comprehension
levels
Disadvantage Time consuming for
students Can’t assess higher
cognitive levels .
Matching Items
Types Terms with definitions Causes with effects Parts with larger units Problems with solutions
Subjective items
Subjective (Essay) Questions
Advantage Little Guessing . Can assess the ability of
application, evaluation and creation .
Easy to construct .Stimulate more study .Allow students to express their
opinions and thinking skills .
Disadvantage
Decreased validity . Subjective, unreliable scores . Scoring is tedious and time
consuming . Questions are not
representative to the content
Avoid the use of optional questions!
There are two approaches to scoring essay items :
(1) Analytic (point methods) : - Prepare major components of the model answer and assign
point values .- Read and compare the student’s answer with the model
answer .- Scores are given according to the elements included in the
answer .
(1) Holistic (rating methods) : scores are given to the student’s answer as a whole and judge the total quality of the answer based on certain criteria .
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