مهارات السؤال

Questioning Skills

د. علي عبد الزهرة مهدي رئيس فرع العلوم الطبية األساسية – كلية التمريض

Teaching is the art of asking questions

Successful question has 4 conditions: 1. Clarity. 2. Reliability .3. Validity .4. Fairness .

Bloom’s Categories of Cognitive Learning

Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy

Objective items : require students to select the correct response from several alternatives or to write a word or short phrase .

Subjective items : permit the student to construct his own answer or response .

Types of Questions

Multiple Choice.True-False .Matching .Completion .

Objective items

Advantages - Large number of students can be examined .- Grading is fair and consistent .- Easy and rapid scoring .- As general, more reliable and more valid .

Objective items

Disadvantages - Guess is possible .- Can’t assess communication and writing skills .- Difficult in constructing .- Measuring skills of evaluation and creation is

difficult .

Objective items

Multiple Choice items

can be used to test the ability to : recall memorized information apply theory to routine cases and

novel situations provide feedback knowledge

1 .Stems must be clear

2 .Imprecise phrases should be avoided in stem (e.g. associated with , useful for, important … etc.)

Cancer is associated with : Smoking X-ray Antibiotics Hormonal imbalance

3 .Vague terms (like : usually, frequently … etc.) must be avoided in stem

What symptom is frequently associated with drug allergy : Shock Rash Dyspnea Anemia

4 .Options must be absolutely true or false

MBI is a measurement of : Fat level in the body Obesity Risk of heart disease Response to diet

5 .Capitalize and/or underline negative words

Which of the following is NOT a sign : headache rash Moon face vomiting

6 .All options must be plausible and attractive

6 .Do not overlap options

7 .Options must be similar in :

- length - grammatical structure - mode of expression

8 .Arrange Options randomly

9 .Look carefully at this example and tell what is wrong !

-The drug that act against microbes is called : A. antibioticB. AnalgesicC. Narcotic

D. Hypnotic

9 .Look carefully at this example and tell what is wrong !

-The drug that act against microbes is called : A. anti-bioticB. AnalgesicC. Narcotic

D. Hypnotic

Which drug is used to treat UTI in 2nd month pregnants

Ciprofloxacin Cephalosporin Ampicillin No drug should be used at this

time

True/False Items

True/False Items

Advantage Test large amount of contentStudents can answer 3-4

items per minute Can evaluate popular

misconception

Disadvantage Very easy Guessing is 50% Difficult to discriminate

between students’ knowledge Can’t assess higher cognitive

levels .

Express a single idea in each test item.Express the item statement as simply and as clearly as possible.Items should be absolutely true or false, without qualifications or exceptions. Avoid extremer modifiers or qualifiers

Matching Items

Matching Items

Advantage Valuable in large contentCan assess comprehension

levels

Disadvantage Time consuming for

students Can’t assess higher

cognitive levels .

Matching Items

Types Terms with definitions Causes with effects Parts with larger units Problems with solutions

Subjective items

Subjective (Essay) Questions

Advantage Little Guessing . Can assess the ability of

application, evaluation and creation .

Easy to construct .Stimulate more study .Allow students to express their

opinions and thinking skills .

Disadvantage

Decreased validity . Subjective, unreliable scores . Scoring is tedious and time

consuming . Questions are not

representative to the content

Avoid the use of optional questions!

There are two approaches to scoring essay items :

(1) Analytic (point methods) : - Prepare major components of the model answer and assign

point values .- Read and compare the student’s answer with the model

answer .- Scores are given according to the elements included in the

answer .

(1) Holistic (rating methods) : scores are given to the student’s answer as a whole and judge the total quality of the answer based on certain criteria .

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