Beware of the Farmers…Beware of the Farmers…

Chapter 13, Section 1 NotesChapter 13, Section 1 Notes

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

Before the 1600s, most European Before the 1600s, most European villagers worked their own land to villagers worked their own land to grow food for their familiesgrow food for their families

Individuals used common public land Individuals used common public land for grazing animals toofor grazing animals too

Then the enclosure movement Then the enclosure movement happened…happened…

More Revolution with PlantsMore Revolution with Plants

Smaller landholding were being combined Smaller landholding were being combined into more efficient, larger holdingsinto more efficient, larger holdings

Starts 1500s Starts 1500s takes off 1700s takes off 1700s reaches reaches its height in 1800s in Great Britainits height in 1800s in Great Britain

Wealthy landowners benefitedWealthy landowners benefited Small landowners lostSmall landowners lost Why?Why? Answer: Needed $ to buy bigger farmsAnswer: Needed $ to buy bigger farms

More Revolution with PlantsMore Revolution with Plants

Large landowners have more freedom to Large landowners have more freedom to try new farming methodstry new farming methods

Jethro Tull and his seed drillJethro Tull and his seed drill Seeds planted in straight rowsSeeds planted in straight rows

Charles Townshend figures out the Charles Townshend figures out the wonders of crop rotationwonders of crop rotation

Iron Plows replace wooden onesIron Plows replace wooden ones Jethro Wood puts a “respectable” blade on Jethro Wood puts a “respectable” blade on

the plowthe plow No longer need to buy a new plow, just new No longer need to buy a new plow, just new

bladeblade

We’ll Fight Back with the Assembly We’ll Fight Back with the Assembly Line!Line!

Small landowners can’t afford big farmsSmall landowners can’t afford big farms What are their options?What are their options? Either pay rent to other landowners to Either pay rent to other landowners to

use the farm (called tenant farmers)use the farm (called tenant farmers) Or move…where?Or move…where? Answer: To the cityAnswer: To the city The Industrial Revolution beginsThe Industrial Revolution begins

Factors of ProductionFactors of Production

The factors of production are land, labor, The factors of production are land, labor, and capitaland capital

Land: all natural resourcesLand: all natural resources England: coal and iron oreEngland: coal and iron ore

Labor: WorkersLabor: Workers Capital: tools, machinery, equipment, and Capital: tools, machinery, equipment, and

inventory used in productioninventory used in production Also includes $ used to invest in new Also includes $ used to invest in new

businessesbusinesses

What’s a Textile?What’s a Textile?

A textile is any kind of woven, A textile is any kind of woven, knitted, knotted, or tufted cloth or knitted, knotted, or tufted cloth or non-woven fabricnon-woven fabric

Textiles, Transportation related Textiles, Transportation related things, and Communication related things, and Communication related things are part of the Industrial things are part of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Important People of the Important People of the RevolutionRevolution

Think: our chartThink: our chart Jethro TullJethro Tull Eli WhitneyEli Whitney James WattJames Watt Samuel MorseSamuel Morse Richard ArkwrightRichard Arkwright Henry BessemerHenry Bessemer

““I Won’t Always Be Here to Iron I Won’t Always Be Here to Iron This!”This!”

No, turning iron into steelNo, turning iron into steel The Bessemer process was created The Bessemer process was created

separately, at the same time, by separately, at the same time, by Henry Bessemer and William KellyHenry Bessemer and William Kelly

Air was injected into molten pig iron, Air was injected into molten pig iron, to blast out carbon and other to blast out carbon and other impuritiesimpurities

During this process, the temperature During this process, the temperature went up and iron turned into steelwent up and iron turned into steel

Other InnovationsOther Innovations

Vulcanization: The ability to make rubber less stickyVulcanization: The ability to make rubber less sticky Canals: Were dug to link riversCanals: Were dug to link rivers Steam Engine: Speed transportation in land and Steam Engine: Speed transportation in land and

waterwater Steamboats: Transport goods all over the world Steamboats: Transport goods all over the world

cheaply and quicklycheaply and quickly Battery: 1800, you know what a battery doesBattery: 1800, you know what a battery does Magnetism: 1820s by Andre AmpereMagnetism: 1820s by Andre Ampere Morse Code: 1838 by Morse; a machine clicked a Morse Code: 1838 by Morse; a machine clicked a

system of dots and dashes translated to the letters of system of dots and dashes translated to the letters of the alphabetthe alphabet

Telegraph: 1844 based on Morse code, allowed Telegraph: 1844 based on Morse code, allowed people to communicate across continentspeople to communicate across continents