薄膜技術於工業節水之運用與實務介紹

萬能科技大學 莊連春教授

中 華 民 國 105 年 10 月 26 日

105年度「推動產業園區能資源整合研討會暨工業節水研習會」

水 – 廢水 循環

Drinking water production

Surface water

(river, …)

Sewer System

No barrier against bacteria

and germs

Waste Water Treatment (WWTP)

2

3

用水清查

IW：原始取水量 RW：重複利用水量RW = RCW+RUW CW：消耗水量 DW：排放水量 超純水製造設備

（活性碳、MF、UF、RO、離子交換）

各種處理單元之效能

4

單元

污染物

加藥 沉澱

砂濾

超微細篩機

表面 過濾

活性碳 吸附

浮除

硝化脫硝

加氯

臭氧

UV殺菌

芬頓法

MF UF NF RO

離子交換樹脂

電透析

加藥軟化

奈米活性碳電極

細菌 + O O O + O * + + + + + + + + * + * *

原蟲 + + + + + + * O + + * + + + + * + * *

病毒 * * * * O * * + + + O O + + + * + * *

SS (>10μm) + + + + + + * * * * * + + + + + + O *

SS (

薄膜與顆粒大小(污染物)比較

5

薄膜生物反應器 (Membrane bioreactor, MBR) – 包含曝氣槽 (生物反應)

與二沉池 (固液分離) 之功能

– 藉由薄膜阻攔，可提高生物處理單元內污

泥濃度，提升處理效

能；經微/超濾膜之過濾後，產水內已無懸

浮固體 – 可濃縮污泥而節省二

沉池空間，轉作裝設

再生水設備之用地，

適合用在缺乏用地的

廢污水處理廠

6

薄膜生物反應器(MBR)

浸沒式 MBR-內置型

RC

MF DN N

RC RL MF N DN

recirculation return line membrane filter Nitrification denitrification

浸沒式 MBR-外置型

RC

RL

DN N MF

外掛式 MBR

7

MBR可應用的工業別

Membrane bioreactors

leachate

municipal wastewater textile

industry

industrial laundries

pulp & paper

tank cleaning

beverage industry

dairy industry

vegetable industry

fruit industry slaughter-

house / rendering

petrochem. industry

chemical industry

pharmac. industry

8

國內常見MBR膜組

MBR膜組生產廠商:

膜種類 中空纖維 板式 管式 廠商 GE-Zenon

Koch-Puron Mitsubishi-Rayon Hyflux Memstar 美能(新加坡(中國製))…

Kubota Toray KNH(Taiwan)…

Pentair Koch

9

10

中空纖維MBR材質

11

外掛式MBR材質

平板式 MBR材質

現況說明:

1.MBR膜組: GE-Zenon較早開發市佔率較高

2.板式膜設計、操作簡單，但動力及佔地大，適

合中小型系統

3.Koch-Puron 新型海草式單頭封膠及膜絲中間曝

氣，克服目前上下污堵及曝氣方式改良

4.中國MBR生產廠商世界上最多，價格為歐美1/2以

下，但目前品質遠不及歐美產品

12

13

影響MBR薄膜與活性污泥法操作之差異

extra cellular polymer substances (EPS)

bacterium

EPS

polysaccharide

humic acid

lipids

proteins

membrane

pore plugging

filtrate activated sludge

pore blocking

MBR薄膜污堵

14

簡報者簡報註解Pore blocking – short term fouling which is addressed with air scouringPore plugging – long term fouing which is addressed with chemical cleaning

Clogging

Clogging by hairs and fibrous material

at upper end

Sedimentation of sludge in poorly aerated

potting area

Sludging

MBR膜污堵與淤積 1.中空絲堵塞情形:

15

污堵情形:

Lufteintrag Air supply

Clogging below Top header

16

sludging

淤積情形:

17

2.板式膜邊緣與間隙污堵

Edge clogging

low flow rate on the edges leads

to clogging

Gap clogging

are susceptible plate gaps

to clogging

uneven

resulting in: high aeration rates

18

板式膜污堵區域:

19

薄膜通量與滲透性

Simmerath Modul 1 (27m²) KW 21

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

25.5.2005 17:57 26.5.2005 5:57 26.5.2005 17:57 27.5.2005 5:57 27.5.2005 17:57

Datum

Perm

eabi

lität

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

TS;F

luß

Permeabilität T=20°C M1 Dp korrigiert Mittelwert l/(m2 bar h)

Fluß M 1 l/(m2 h)(sek. Achse)

2 Per. Gleitender Durchschnitt (Fluß M 1 l/(m2 h)(sek. Achse))

P

erm

eabi

lity

(l/m

²h b

ar)

F

lux

(l/m

²h)

20

21

大洋羽毛MBR模廠回收水評估試驗規劃

簡報者簡報註解 sketch of our membrane with characteristics: 1. as already mentioned out/in: no risk of fibre blocking as experienced with in/out systems, filtrate passes through the membrane while solids like bacteria and viruses are retained2. braid inside the membrane: mechanical strength: important for resistance to mechanical wear, which is a prerequisite for efficient aeration cleaning of submerged systems and rupture 3. microporous polymer membrane surface, developped and patented manufcaturing process for the membrane crossectional view of the membrane: right side surface, inside sponge structure widening in pore size (dark spots are pores) providing a higher mechanical resistance of the membrane surface compared to finger structures

fiber cages

air injection module- element

filtrate filtrate

PURON – module row

大洋MBR模廠薄膜選型--PURON浸沒式膜

filtrate

individually sealed hollow

fibers

One side potting

Central air injection

+

reduced clogging and sludging

reduced energy consumption for

aeration

main advantages

22

簡報者簡報註解 sketch of our membrane with characteristics: 1. as already mentioned out/in: no risk of fibre blocking as experienced with in/out systems, filtrate passes through the membrane while solids like bacteria and viruses are retained2. braid inside the membrane: mechanical strength: important for resistance to mechanical wear, which is a prerequisite for efficient aeration cleaning of submerged systems and rupture 3. microporous polymer membrane surface, developped and patented manufcaturing process for the membrane crossectional view of the membrane: right side surface, inside sponge structure widening in pore size (dark spots are pores) providing a higher mechanical resistance of the membrane surface compared to finger structures

Central air

injection

Sealed end 設計概念:

設計優點:

降低 clogging and sludging問題 降低預處理 降低能耗 (aeration) Filtrate

PURON™ MBR膜單元

膜組浸沒於水中

過濾清水經由膜組件底部排出

單頭封裝原理確保毛髮、纖維等物質與污泥安全排出系統

23

簡報者簡報註解 sketch of our membrane with characteristics: 1. as already mentioned out/in: no risk of fibre blocking as experienced with in/out systems, filtrate passes through the membrane while solids like bacteria and viruses are retained2. braid inside the membrane: mechanical strength: important for resistance to mechanical wear, which is a prerequisite for efficient aeration cleaning of submerged systems and rupture 3. microporous polymer membrane surface, developped and patented manufcaturing process for the membrane crossectional view of the membrane: right side surface, inside sponge structure widening in pore size (dark spots are pores) providing a higher mechanical resistance of the membrane surface compared to finger structures

MBR 設計參數 1.膜過濾單元設計/設計通量

典型設計值:

• Average Net Flux: 10~20 LMH • Peak Net Flux: 20~50 LMH • Max Continuous Operating Net Flux: 17~22 LMH

尖峰與平均容量間之差異:

尖峰與平均容量間之差異大→設計上考慮以尖峰容量為主

尖峰與平均容量間之差異小→設計上考慮以平均容量為主

2.影響設計通量因素

設計上越近水力尖峰容量, 則設計通量值越低

24

3.都市污水 MBR生物池設計參考:

Average flow conditions : HRT typically 8 - 12 hrs HRT – Typically Not < 4 hrs - Peak Flow Conditions

The MLSS concentration typically 8,000 – 12,000 mg/l in the biology (higher values are not convenient as the value and the oxygen transfer efficiency will be too low)

The greater % industrial wastewater coming into the WWTP, the higher the HRT

SRT typically 20-25 days, Typically Not

間歇式瀑氣

Filtration interval

Flushing time

Module flushing

time

Pres

sure

操作模式

恆流量操作方法:

26

Sludge-side air scouring, continuous or intermittent

維持通量常用三種清洗方法:

Permeate backflush or relaxation

Chemical cleaning (MC & RC)

清洗方法

27

簡報者簡報註解To summarize cleaningAir scouring for pore blokcingOthers for adsorptive fouling

Rejected Biomass Membrane

Permeate backflushing Air flushing

Detached Biomass

Air Flushing

Membrane

time energy filtrate

Module flushing needs

有效的膜沖洗

28

time concentration

temperature

cleaning efficiency

cleaning chemicals

化學清洗

29

簡報者簡報註解

30

大洋羽毛MBR模廠處理水水質

日期

MBR模廠水質數據

MBR膜槽 MBR產水

pH MLSS pH COD SCOD SS

9月26日 7.1 7960 7.7 44.3 39.4 2.0

9月30日 7.7 7430 7.8 12.9 12.9 6.0

10月3日 7.4 9340 7.8 31.6 31.6 0.8

10月5日 7.3 12720 7.7 7.0 5.0 0.2

10月7日 7.4 10150 7.7 22.1 16.0 1.0 備註：進流水COD濃度變化很大，271~982 mg/L

進流水直接導入3噸活性污泥桶槽，水力停留時間約為4小時

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Flux

105.10.12

Perm

eabi

lity (L

/m2 h

bar

)

Fl

ux (L

/m2 h

)

105.9.26300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Permeability

大洋羽毛MBR模廠薄膜通量及滲透性

滲透性大於600

清水操作階段

常態維持高滲透性

常態維持高通量

模廠操作期間(每分鐘一筆資料)

簡報結束 敬請指教

萬能科技大學環境工程系 莊連春教授 E-mail:lcjuang@vnu.edu.tw M-phone:0935-406843

薄膜技術於工業節水之運用與實務介紹水 – 廢水 循環用水清查 各種處理單元之效能薄膜與顆粒大小(污染物)比較薄膜生物反應器 (Membrane bioreactor, MBR)�薄膜生物反應器(MBR)�MBR可應用的工業別國內常見MBR膜組投影片編號 10投影片編號 11現況說明:影響MBR薄膜與活性污泥法操作之差異MBR薄膜污堵MBR膜污堵與淤積� 1.中空絲堵塞情形:污堵情形:投影片編號 172.板式膜邊緣與間隙污堵板式膜污堵區域:薄膜通量與滲透性�投影片編號 21大洋MBR模廠薄膜選型--PURON浸沒式膜 PURON™ MBR膜單元投影片編號 24 操作模式清洗方法有效的膜沖洗化學清洗投影片編號 30投影片編號 31簡報結束 敬請指教