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EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY
APPROACHES IN MALAYSIA
AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Building Resilience to Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability to Meet Water Security Challenges Workshop on 10-11 July 2017, Langkawi, Malaysia
HUMID TROPICS CENTRE
KUALA LUMPUR (HTC KL)
Water and Ecosystems1
Transforming The Water Sector
2
3
4
5
The Principles of Ecohydrology
Conclusion, Recommendation and Future Challenges6
Ecohydrology for IWRM
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Emerging Ecohydrology in Malaysia at River Basin Level
NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
PEOPLEFOOD
INDUSTRY
Agriculture
Livestock Aquaculture
Recreation & Tourism
Portable Water
Transportation
WetlandsEcology
Biodiversity
Environmental Flow
DevelopmentPower Generation
WATER AND ECOSYSTEMS
WATER IS FOR
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER AND ECOSYSTEM
74%
18%
8%GEO-Wadi sateliteprecipitationcalibration- IHP Secretariat, Anil
Mishra
Value of water dueto CC-water footprint & tangibleand intangibleimpacts -UTM- Dr
Zainura
UNESCO FRAMEWORKS
• Paris Agreement
• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
• Addis Ababa Action Agenda
• Sendai Framework
• S.A.M.O.A. Pathway
• Future We Want
• Agenda 21
• 30 November to 11 December 2015, Paris
• United Nations Headquarters in New York from25-27 September 2015
• Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 13 to 16 July 2015
• 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, MiyagiPrefecture, Japan
• Apia, Samoa from 1 to 4 September 2014
• Rio de Janeiro from 20 to 22 June 2012
• Rio de Janerio, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992
• Framework Convention on Climate Change[FCCC]
• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda forSustainable Development
• A global framework for financing developmentpost 2015
• Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
• Small Island Developing States AcceleratedModalities of Action
• renew the commitment to sustainabledevelopment and to ensuring the promotion ofan economically, socially and environmentally
• the Rio Declaration on Environment andDevelopment, and the Statement of principlesfor the Sustainable Management of Forests
The Principles of Ecohydrologyfor IWRM
The quantification of the hydrological cycle ofa basin, should be a template for functionalintegration of hydrological and biologicalprocesses.
The integrated processes at river basin scalecan be steered in such a way as to enhancethe basin’s carrying capacity and itsecosystem services.
The regulation of hydrological and ecologicalprocesses, based on an integrative systemapproach, is thus a new tool for IntegratedRiver Basin Management.
ECOHYDROLOGY
Hydrological
Ecological
Ecological engineering
3 sequential components:
TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundarycooperation as appropriate 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes 6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies 6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
National IWRM Plan - Strategies & Road Map"Goal 6
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
(source: ASM, 2016)
UN SUMMIT (25-27 SEPTEMBER 2015)TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD
THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water andsanitation for all
FOR Ecohydrology
AGENDA 2030
IWRM
vegetation water
Function of
• water security as the ultimate objective• related to the integration of water ecology and engineering• improve water resources from further degradation• provide ecosystem services to societiesHow: need to develop new understanding of that inter-dependency in a systematic way. The programme must alsopay more attention to the role of culture and social factors inharmonising the biosphere's potential with the humanity.
ECOHYDROLOGY
ECOHYDROLOGY FOR IWRM
supports living on planet
EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL
Emerging ecohydrologyat river basin level
• River restoration• River rehabilitation
(DID, 2015) (A. Ghani,, 2017
(A. Ghani,, 2017
EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY IN MALAYSIA
ECOHYDROLOGYPROJECTS
MSMA ISME STORMWATER MANAGEMENTRIVER OF
LIFE (RoL)
MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION/
TRANSFORMATION
PUTRAJAYA LAKE & WETLANDS
KELANA LAKES
KELANA LAKES1
main lake in the area. The lake ecosystem had degraded and changed completely due to poor water quality and the loss of wetland plants and
Lakes initially as flood retention areas are converted to part of a public
decomposition of the sludge generated in the
stakeholder forum, comprising 400 Friends of
Jaya City
Prior to 1996
rapid surrounding development & its for flood mitigation
2. the loss of wetland plants and animal life
1.added wastewater, solid waste, and storm water
overflow to the main lake in the area
3.The ecompositionof the sludgegenerated in thelake had eventuallycaused bad odour.
WQ Degraded
public park in 1996 for fishing and recreation
Ex-mining pond
local residents formed astakeholder forum, comprising400 Friends of Kelana JayaPark, and led by a 15-membersteering committee includingPetaling Jaya City Council in2007
MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION2
• To restore Melaka River to itsoriginal and clean condition
• state and federalgovernments since 2001
• flood mitigation, cleaning,beautification, upgrading riverfacilities for the Melaka rivermouth.
• ecohydrology as a 'garden-city' concept in integratingupgraded sewage treatmentplants along the river withphysical features such aslandforms, vegetation, andensure that all the domesticand industrial wastewaterwater bodies to produce thegreen scenery of the cityentering the river was treated.
13.5 km570,000 cubic meter contiminated sediment
STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT
The catchment’s areas lies within three (3) different municipalities
• Sepang Municipal Council• Subang Jaya Municipal Council• Putrajaya Coporation
Stakeholders of different entities consist of:• UPM & UNITEN (university and
hostel), • MARDI (agriculture R&D agency),• IOI (commercial), • TNB (power plant), • Cyberjaya (another municipality), • Sungai Merab area (sub-urban area)
30% of the Putrajaya Lake Catchment is lies in Selangor;
the other state in Malaysia
PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3
Putrajaya, the administrative capital of the federalgovernment of Malaysia, is located in the Klang Valleyregion, south of Kuala Lumpur
LAKE (400 hectare)
Chuau River
Bisa River
WETLAND(200 hectare)
PUTRAJAYA LAKE
• completed: May 2002• construction duration: 62 month• depth: 2 to 13 m • surface area: 400 ha
Main objective:• centre for water sports, recreation
and tourism
PUTRAJAYA WETLAND
• completed: August 1998• construction duration: 17.5 month• depth: 0.5 to 3 m• surface area: 200 ha
Main objective• surface run-off filtration system for
Putrajaya Lake
The Lake Vision“To manage the lake in
order to ensure its aesthetic viability, sustain good water quality, and
allow for different recreational uses,
including primary and secondary contact
activities”
UB
LE
UE
UN
UW
PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3
PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3
13.5 km570,000 cubic meter contiminated sediment
UPPER NORTH 6
UPPER NORTH 7
UPPER NORTH 5
• 49 sq km which waspreviously covered byvegetation, that is, rubber andoil palm plantation. Putrajayais characterised by the'garden-city' concept,physical features such aslandforms, scenery of thecity.
• Putrajaya Lake catchment is51 sq km.
• A portion of it lies in the stateof Selangor, while around 70percent is in Putrajaya.
• The Putrajaya Lake wascreated by inundating thelower part of the valleys ofChua River and Bisa River.The lake contains PutrajayaWetlands,
the largest constructed wetland system in the tropics consisting of 24 cells. The wetlands act as a natural treatment system that filters out most of the pollutants from the river water before it enters the Putrajaya Lake. The wetland system and lake
Ecohydrology Demonstration Sites of UNESCO-IHP Ecohydrology Programme (EHP)
RIVER OF LIFE4
• clean up the rivers and rehabilitate their banks intovibrant and liveable waterfront areas with higheconomic value.
• Set to be completed by 2020, is in tune with thegovernment's overall aspiration of turning GreaterKuala Lumpur into a metropolis in Asia thatsimultaneously achieves top-20 economic growthand becomes one of the global top 20 most-liveablecities by 2020.
• 3 components: river cleaning, river beautification,and land development.
• spans across three municipals and eight rivers,covering a total 110-km stretch of rivers and theirbanks that need to be rehabilitated and restored.
• The project has both ecological and hydrologicalobjectives. It aims to improve and sustain the waterquality of the Klang River and its tributaries to theClass IIB
2015-2020
(DID, 2015)
73%Completed
Project plnningbegin
Oct 2015
Demolition of WismaBatik
Interceptor works at St Mary’s Cathedral
Masjid Jamekgrand staircase
1
3
2
4Guiding Gallery at LebohPasarBesar
Puah Pond in Sentul
1
3
Masjid India
1MalaysiaPark in Titiwangsa
2
4
Precinct 7HeritageQuarter
Phase 1
Phase 2
Brickfields
10 more areas to go.
GREATER KL RIVER BEAUTIFICATION & LAND DEVELOPMENT
(DID, 2015)
• Public Outreach Program (PoP) • upgrading the existing sewerage facilities and
installing wastewater treatment plants at wetmarkets, as well as social interventions such asrelocation of squatters to reduce sewage, sullageand rubbish in the Klang River.
• installed and maintained 375 GPT in sewerages.• RoL initiative mooted by the Department of
Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Malaysia.• The % different for the annual gross pollutant load
between upper Klang River and Kerayong River catchment is around 57 percent (36 kg/ha and 360 kg/ha annual gross pollutant wet load in kg/ha/yr/GPT by upper Klang River catchment with PoP versus Kerayong River catchment without PoP was 145 kg/ha/yr/GPT and 338 kg/ha/yr/GPT respectively
MSMA INTEGRATED STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT ECOHYDROLOGY5
MSMA ISME
Bio retention
Rain water
Green roof
Grey water reuse
Wetland Phytoremediation
Prof Shabaz Khan Visit
Porus pavement
HTC KL MSMA ISME
MSMA-ISME
VISIT BY DIECTOR UNESCO JAKARTA& REPRESENTATIVE OF UNESCO DHAKA
Ms Beatrice Khaldun
Fish Feeding
Prof Shabaz Khan
8 MAY 2017MAY 5, 2017
Fish Feeding
21
FUTURE CHALLENGES
3. ManagementInstruments• Assessment• Information• Allocation• Instruments
1. EnablingEnvironment• Policies• Legislation
2. InstitutionalFramework• Central – Local• River Basin• Public –Private
EQUITYEconomic Efficiency EnvironmentalSustainability
Balance ‘water for livelihood’ and ‘water as a resource’
CONCLUSION&RECOMENDATION
The conclusion:National initiatives in forest and wetlands protection for river basin management, which is less costly than building dams and more sustainable non-structural activities in the long run is in parallel with ecohydrology concept focussed locally will be shared regionally and globally
The recommendation:River Basin
Management Committee
Challenges:combined and continued efforts
Acknowledgement
REFERENCES
DID (2015). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia.
DID (2017). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia.
Hezri, A.A and N.M. Dom (2017). Customising IWRM at River Basin Level. Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur.
HTCKL (2016). Comparative Studies of Applying Stormwater Management Echohydrology and IWRM in Asia and Africa through UNESCO Category 2 Water Centre. Workshop Proceeding, 7 to 9 March 2016 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
HTCKL (2016). River Water Quality Treatment Using Phytoremediation Technique. Technical Report. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur.
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Sharip, Z., Z., Saman, J.M., Noordin, N. (2016). Assessing the spatial water quality dynamics in Putrajaya Lake: a modelling approach. Modeling Earth System and Environment. Vol. 2: 114.
UN_Water (2013). Water Security and the Global Water Agenda: A UNWater Analytical Brief
UNEP (2014). Towards an Integrated Water Resources Management: International Experience in Development of River Basin Organisations. United Nations Environment Programme, Sudan.
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The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific
(HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR)No. 2, Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta,
50480 Kuala LumpurTel 603 20958700 Fax 603 20953366
Email : [email protected]@gmail.com