Group Members :

. Ali Asgher

. Rehman Khan

. Naveed John

. Umar Abid

. Badar Ikhlas

• Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment.

Air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient concentrations, endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the major sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and, especially, transportation. The six major types of pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur dioxide, and photochemical oxidants.

Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, oceans, lakes, and groundwater caused by human activities. This can be harmful to plants and organisms which live in these water bodies.

· The most serious water pollutants in terms of human health worldwide are pathogenic organisms. · The main source of these pathogens is from untreated or improperly treated human wastes. · In developed countries, sewage treatment plants and other pollution-control techniques have reduced or eliminated most of the worst sources of pathogens in inland surface waters.

Types and effect of water pollution

Land pollution, owing to human activities,

and desertification, due to loss of vegetation has left the surface of the planet unsuitable for human use. Land degradation can be attributed to the fact that we have become too laid-back in terms preservation of the nature. Improper soil use, haphazard waste disposal, large-scale deforestation and other such human activities harmful for nature are on the rise, something which is invariably taking a toll on our natural

surroundings.

Climate change has become more than obvious

over the past decade, with nine years of the decade making it to the list of hottest years the planet has ever witnessed. The rise in temperature has also ensured that the equations on the planet have gone for a toss. Some of the most obvious signs of this include irregularities in weather, frequent storms, melting glaciers, rising levels of sea etc. Going by the prevailing conditions, it is not difficult to anticipate that the planet

Major Environmental Issues

CONT’D

• Civil conflicts involving natural resources---coal, forest land for cultivation.

• Increasing pollution have led to an increase in air pollution, shifting precipitation patterns and declining intervals of drought recurrence

• Resource misdistribution. • Global warming.

Major Issues:-

What Is Deforestation ?

Deforestation refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of rainforest or related ecosystems into less bio-diverse ecosystems such as pasture, cropland, or plantations

What are the causes of deforestation?

1. Logging

2. Mining

3. Oil and gas extraction

4. Cattle ranching

5. Agriculture: Cash crops

6. Local, National, and International factors: development, land titles, government subsidies to attract corporations into developing countries, trade agreements (NAFTA, CAFTA), civil wars, debt, lack of resources, and lack of law enforcement

What Is Desertification?Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas due to various factors: including climatic variations and human activities. Desertification is one of the world's most alarming global environmental problems. It takes place worldwide in dry lands.

What are the causes of deforestation?desertification is caused by complex interactions among

1. Physical2. Biological3. Political4. Social

5. Cultural6. Economic factors.

There are many ways we can prevent environmental problems, especially Global Warming. Common and simple ways we can help save our environment are as follows: 1. Stop using spray products with CFC's 2. Stop burning wastes especially non-biodegradable. 3. As individuals, the only thing we can help prevent environmental problems is to keep our environment clean.4. Plant more and more trees. Stop Deforestation.5. Use Public transport to Travel as it will save money, fuel and there will be less air pollution.