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Buletinul tiinifical Universitii "Politehnica" din Timioara

Tom () Construcii-Arhitectur 2010

SOLUTII MODERNE DE CONSOLIDARE ALE STRUCTURILOR

EXISTENTE PRIN METODELE COMPOZITELOR PE BAZA DE

FIBRE DE CARBON (CFRP)

C. Bob1, A. Pop2

Abstract

Abstract title in Times New Roman size 14 bold capital font. First paragraph abstract should beprovided of 100 to 250 words length (8 to 15 lines). Use Times New Roman font 12 pt. size italics.

First abstract text should be exclusively written in English language (NOT in Romanian). Leave 1

blank line blank at 12 pt. font setting between first and second abstract sections.

Rezumat

Second abstract text should be exclusively written in Romanian language. If the authors cannot

provide a Romanian abstract, the editorial board will provide the translation of the English

abstract. Please assure the necessary space in this case. Leave 1 blank line blank at 12 pt. fontsetting between abstract and the first section heading.

Keywords: reabilitare structurala, structuri existente, structuri de beton armat, structuri de zidarie,brutt helical systems, compozite pe baza de fibre de carbon .

1. Introducere

Sistemul structural al cladirilor existente, a

monumentelor arhitecturale este in multe cazuri

o problema majora de siguranta a desfasurarii

activitatilor in aceste medii. Calitatea mediului

in care oamenii isi desfasoara activitatea are o

influenta complexa asupra acestora, atat din

punct de vedere al randamentului activitatii

desfasurate cat mai ales asupra sigurantei

acestora.

Situatia generala a constructiilor de

locuinte este precara in Romania: astfel doar

aproximativ 40% din cladiri sunt construite dupa

standardele care se impun la ora actuala, iar

majoritatea au fost construite in mediul urban. In

mediul rural cladirile au fost si inca mai suntconstruite cu tehnici primitive, fara un proiect

1. Professor, Politehnica University of Timisoara Romania. e-mail: [email protected]. Phd Student, Politehnica University of Timisoara. e-mail:adrian.pop @ ct.upt.ro
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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care sa respecte normele in vigoare si cu

materiale neadecvate pentru zona seismica in

care este incadrata Romania.

Faptul ca pe Terra au fost cutremure de

pamant si ca vor mai fi este o certitudine,

deasemenea faptul ca pe pamant s-au desavarsit

pe parcursul mileniilor constructii de orice fel

iarasi este o certitudine la fel ca si faptul ca

aceste contructii edificate sunt mai mult sau mai

putin rezistente. Structurile de beton existenta in

numar mare, multe dintre ele, proiectate

corespunzator la actiuni gravitationale dar avando capacitate portanta insuficienta la actiuni

orizontale de tip seism. Aceste structuri au fost

proiectate conform standardelor n vigoare la

data executiei lor, standarde care s-au modificat

si imbunatatit de-a lungul anilor. Multe

constructii existente au depasit durata de

exploatare proiectata fiind inca in exploatare

datorita costurilor mari de inlocuire. Normele de

proiectare mai vechi nu au inclus masuri

antiseismice sau au specificat nivele reduse ale

actiunii seismice. Comportarea structurilor

proiectate la actiuni gravitationale este neductila

si implicit prezinta moduri de distrugere

inacceptabile. Proiectarea structurilor in general

s-a facut n scopul realizarii unei rezistente

adecvate la actiuni orizontale. Normele recente,

pe plan national i international, au inceput sa

puna accentul pe detaliile de alcatuire i armare

ale elementelor structurale n scopul comportarii

ductile generale n paralel cu asigurarea

cerintelor de rezistenta.

2. Page limit

Pentru a veni in ajutorul determinarii

gradului de deterioare a cladirilor existente in

anul 2008 a fost lansat COD DE PROIECTARE

SEISMICA PARTEA A III-A PREVEDERIPRIVIND EVALUAREA SEISMICA A

CLADIRILOR EXISTENTE INDICATIV

P100-3/2008. Obiectul acestui cod fiind

stabilirea criteriilor pentru evaluarea

performantelor seismice a cladiriilor existente.

Evaluarea seismic se refer att la construcii

degradate de aciunea anterioar a cutremurelor,

ct i la construcii existente vulnerabile seismic,

care nc nu au fost supuse unor aciuni

semnificative. Activitatea desfurat pentru

evaluarea cldirii, rezultatele examinrii i

studiilor efectuate n vederea evalurii, precum

i concluziile referitoare la sigurana seismic a

structurii i eventuala necesitate a interveniilor

de consolidare structural i nestructural,

inclusiv natura i proporiile acestor intervenii,

sunt prezentate n raportul de evaluare

(expertiz) a construciei.

Evaluarea implic urmtoarele categorii

de activiti:

-colectarea informaiilor despre

construcia existent referitoare la istoria i

funciunea cldirii, caracteristicile structurale,

ale terenului de fundare, ale elementelor

nestructurale i ale finisajelor, instalaiilor i

echipamentelor adpostite

-stabilirea proprietilor mecanice ale

materialelor, cu un grad adecvat de ncredere


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-identificarea strii de afectare fizic i

chimic a construciei

-stabilirea mpreun cu beneficiarul

lucrrii a obiectivelor de performan urmrite

i, pe aceast baz, a strilor limit i a

cerinelor seismice ce decurg

-stabilirea metodologiei de evaluare n

corelare cu informaiile disponibile i strile

limit selectate

-evaluarea calitativ i evaluarea prin

calcul a construciei

-ntocmirea raportului de evaluare cu

formularea concluziilor i precizarea msurilor

necesare

Pe baza rezultatelor evalurii calitative i

a evalurii prin calcul se stabilete

vulnerabilitatea construciei n ansamblu i a

prilor acesteia, n raport cu cutremurul de

proiectare - riscul seismic, ca indicator al

efectelor probabile ale cutremurelor

caracteristice amplasamentului asupra

construciei analizate. Stabilirea riscului seismic

pentru o anumit construcie se face prin

ncadrarea acesteia ntr-una din urmtoarelepatru clase de risc:

Clasa Rs I, din care fac parte construciile cu

risc ridicat de prbuire la cutremurul de

proiectare corespunztor strii limit ultime;

Clasa Rs II, n care se ncadreaz construciile

care sub efectul cutremurului de proiectare pot

suferi degradri structurale majore, dar la care

pierderea stabilitii este puin probabil;

Clasa Rs III, care cuprinde construciile care

sub efectul cutremurului de proiectare pot

prezenta degradri structurale care nu afecteaz

semnificativ sigurana structural, dar la care

degradrile nestructurale pot fi importante;

Clasa Rs IV, corespunztoare construciilor la

care rspunsul seismicateptat este similar celui

obinut la construciile proiectate pe baza

prescripiilor n vigoare.

Evaluarea siguranei seismice i ncadrarea

n clasele de risc seismic se face pe baza a trei

categorii de condiii care fac obiectulinvestigaiilor i analizelor efectuate n cadrul

evalurii:

R1 gradul de indeplinire a condiiilor de

alctuire seismic

R2 gradul afectare structural msura

degradrilor structurale

R3 gradul de asigurare structural seismic

capacitatea structural/ cerina structural

seismic i se determin pentru ULS.

Valorile celor trei indicatori se asociaz

cu o anumit clas de risc i orienteaz expertul

tehnic n stabilirea concluziei finale privind

rspunsul seismic ateptat i ncadrarea ntr-o

anumit clas de risc seismic, precum i n

stabilirea deciziei de intervenie.


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3. Sistemul de consolidare: Nearsurface reinforcement Brutt HelicalSystems

Tehnologia Brutt-Saver s-a dezvoltat in

Anglia, unde se foloseste cu succes de mai mult

timp. Componentele tehnologiei sunt spiralele

speciale realizate din otel inoxidabil cu

austenite si elementele de legatura. Pentru

fixarea acestora in pereti, piatra, fisuri, se

foloseste un material tip clei pe baza de cimentdin doua componente, injectabil si care isi

pastreaza volumul.

Folosind materialele Brutt-Saver la

consolidarile structurale si reparatiile capitale

este o metod rapid si economica, pentru ca

tehnologia implica materiale si aparatura cu

dimensiuni mici si greutate mica, pot fi

manipulate manual, nu necesit masini sau

aparatura de mari dimensiuni folosita n general

Clase de risc seism I II III IV

Valori

R1 < 30 31- 60 61-90 91- 100

R2 < 40 41- 70 71- 90 91- 100

R3 < 35 36- 65 66- 90 91- 100

Note: R1max = 100 constr. ndeplinete integral cond. de alctuire;

R2max = 100 construcii cu integritatea neafectat de degradrii;

Valorile R sunt scoruri orientative.


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in constructii. Utilizarea metodei este

usoara si foarte eficienta. Rezistenta spiralei este

mare si totodata este destul de flexibila,materialul tip clei facand priza repede si de

asemenea are rezistenta mare. Metoda in sine

consta in pozitionarea spiralelor n fisurile

peretelui deteriorat, spirale care realizeaza

conlucrarea structurala celor doua zone devenite

independente ale peretelui, astfel eforturile din

fisura/crapatura se transmit prin intermediul

barelor de otel masei de zidarie stabila,

nedegradata.

4. Title of the paper

The title of the paper must be written in English

language, in capital letters Times New Roman

16 pt. Bold and centered. Leave 2 blank lines at12 pt. font setting between title and author

names.

5. Authors

Authors names, without degrees or qualifi-

cations and names of their institutions orcompanies are to be typed centered using Times

New Roman 12 pt. font. Only initial lettersshould be capitals. Exponentials should be used

to indicate affiliations, at the footer of the firstpage.Authors affiliations should be written in foreign

language, in Times New Roman size 10, nearthe subsequent exponential number. Leave 2

blank lines at 12 pt. font setting betweenauthors names and abstract heading.

6. Abstract

Abstract title in Times New Roman size 14 boldcapital font. Two paragraph abstract should be

provided of 100 to 250 words length (8 to 15

lines). Use Times New Roman font 12 pt. sizeitalics.

The first text should be exclusively written inenglish language (NOT in Romanian). Leave 1

line blank at 12 pt. font setting between the

abstract sections and 2 blank lines between theabstract sections and the first section heading.


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7. Headings

- Main (first level) heading: Times New

Roman size 14 bold;

- Second level heading: Times New Romansize 12 bold;

- Third level heading: Times New Roman size

12 bold Italic;

- Fourth level heading: Times New Roman 12Italic

Leave 2 lines gap at 12 pt. font setting between

the previous sections and heading. Leave oneblank line between the heading and the first line

of the text.

8. Section text

Section text should be written in English usingthe two equal columns.

Use Times New Roman size 12 font.

Table 1. Example of table (by section interruption).

YIELDSTRESS, FY [N/MM2] TENSILESTRENGTH, FU [N/MM

2]

ELEMENT MILLCERTIFICATE

COUPONTESTS MILLCERTIFICATE

COUPONTESTS

BEAM IPE360 285.0 329.8 FLANGE

348.4 WEB

427.0 463.2 FLANGE

464.0 WEBCOLUMN

HEB300

311.3 313.0 FLANGE341.8 WEB

446.0 449.8 FLANGE464.4 WEB

ENDPLATE 281.0 248.3 424.7 416.0

COVERPLATE 296.0 273.2 443.0 436.7

9. Tables

Tables must be typed as part of the text.Actual tables should be separately inserted in the

paper (by interrupting the basic column used fortext) and justified centered according to the

model.

The word Table and a sequential number mustbe typed before the title of the table. For the title

use Times New Roman size 12 font.Leave 1 line gap at 12 pt. font setting between

the previous section and table as well as between

table and next section text.

Large tables should be typed Landscape(sideways on the page) reading up. An example

is given before:

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All equations used in the text should be

numbered consecutively in Arabic by (1), (2),

(3),.. The numbers should appear at theextreme right of the line, in paranthesis.

Prior to equation insertion, merge the two cellsof the current line of the basic table (see sample

layout). Each equation should justify centrally

within a column if there is enough space, or bysection interruption if bigger. An example is

given hereafter. All symbols should beexplained within the text of your manuscript.

=

wbbbb

RGRG

tGh

Pl

IE

Pl

l 26

13

( 0)

11. Figures and Illustrations

Use black-and-white illustrations and figures.

All illustrations and figures should be centered

and inserted in the text (NO glued images !).

Use scanned photographs.Authors should ensure that spelling and symbols

on diagrams conform to the usage in the text. Noillustration should appear on the first page. No


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distinction should be made between diagrams

and photographs.The space used to insert figures also results by

merging the two cells of the current line of thebasic table.

Leave 1 line gap at 12 pt. font setting between

the previous section and figure as well asbetween figure and next section text.

All figures must be referred into the text.

Please draw clear figures and note that yourdocument will be reduced to approximate 75%

of its original size (this concerns mainly figuresnotations !). An example is given below:

Interior Joint

Exterior Joint

Figure 1 Example of a figure

12. Captions (figure legends)

Captions to illustrations (whether line diagramsor scanned photographs) should each start withthe word Figure, be numbered sequentially

and be shown below the illustration.It is important that the caption is kept clear of

the text, by one line space.

Place the captions underneath the figure.

13. Footnotes

Footnotes should not be used.

14. Consistency of style

A paper is more easily understood if the author

maintains a consistent style in such matters as punctuation, use of figure numbers,

capitalization and abbreviations. It is even moreimportant to maintain consistency in

nomenclature and in the use of symbols.

Inconsistencies interrupt the readers attention

unnecessarily.

15. Pagination

Do not concern yourself with the numbering of

the printed pages. Do not insert page numbers !Number each page LIGHTLY IN PENCIL at the

back (verso) of each sheet.

16. References

References should be quoted in the text, by

names and year of apparition in brackets,

carefully checked and grouped together at theend of the paper, outside the basic table, in

alphabetic order. Example: (Ciutina et all,2001). Reference name should appear in italics

as shown in the example.Use single space, Times New Roman size 12characters.

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Papers will be reproduced photographically

from the authors prepared originals and no handcorrections will be made to typescript as every

mark will show! If corrections of one or two

minor odd marks have to be made, whitecorrection fluid is allowed. In any case, a correct

reprinted page is always better.


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18. Conclusions

Conclusions should state concisely the most

important propositions of the paper, as well asthe authors view of the practical implications of

the results.

19. Limitation of paper number

The PUT Scientific Bulletin, Construction &Architecture Series is usually printed in 2 issues

per year.

The total number of paper allowed peryear, either per individual author or in

collaboration is maximum 2. Of thisnumber, maximum 2 papers are permittedfor the same person per year as singleauthor or first author.

Please respect strictly this request and donot submit MORE papers, as this could

be a reason of rejection!

20. Paper review

Please do NOT insert at the end of your paperany reviewer name!

According to the general international use, the

review of the papers will be provided by theeditors, by means of highly qualified and

recognized specialists, chosen to this purpose.Reviewers names will not be published.

Authors are kindly asked to watch carefully the

scientific content and the up-to-datenesscharacter of their paper, as this could constitute

a reason of paper rejection by the reviewer.

21. Final Checks

Once the manuscript is complete, werecommend you to run a spell check program

through the text. The low quality of the foreignlanguage is definitely a reason for paper

rejection!

Authors are kindly asked NOT to submit paperswhich exceed the maximum number of pages

allowed (12) since this could also cause paperrejection by the editors.

All manuscripts will be reduced to

approximately 75% of the original size. Ifpossible, authors should check that all text is

suitable for this reduction in size, especially textwithin illustrations. This can be accomplished

by photocopying the original manuscript with

the appropriate scale reduction and checking theclarity of the material. Do not send in the

reduced size copy! We require the original, highquality, full size version.

Please note that there is an element of flexibility

in the layout of your text, but we do request youfollow these guidelines as closely as possible.

Above all, please ensure the printed area of each page is as close to 175 mm x 255 mm as

possible. This will improve the overall

appearance of the final printed bulletin.

For further information please follow samplepages enclosed!

22. References (example)

Dubina D., Grecea D., Ciutina, A., Stratan A.,

Dinu F. Influence of Connection Typology and

loading asymmetry. Final Report Copernicus

RECOS, Timisoara, Romania, 1999.

European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific

and Technical Research. COST C1. Composite

steel-concrete joints in braced frames for

buildings. Office for official publications of the

European Communities, Luxembourg, 1997

SAC Joint Venture, Report No. SAC/BD-76-02,

Protocol, for Fabrication, Inspection, Testing,

and Documentation of Beam-ColumnConnections Tests and Other Experimental

Specimens Sacramento, California, USA, 1997.

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