KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR

Alat yang dipakai untuk

menaikkan tekanan udara

dengan cara memampatkan

volumenya.

Dilihat dari cara kerjanya,

ada beberapa tipe

kompressor:

1. Kompressor torak

a. kerja tunggal

b. kerja ganda

2. Kompressor Rotary

Kompresor yaitu pesawat/ mesin yang berfungsi untuk memampatkan atau menaikkan tekanan atau memindahkan fluida gas dari suatu tekanan statis rendah ke keadaan tekanan statis yang lebih tinggi

Example of Centrifugal Flow

Intake airflow is being forced around the outside perimeter of the engine.

Centrifugal Compressor

Airflow being forced around body of engine

Example of Axial Flow

Intake airflow is forced down the center shaft of the engine.

Multistage Axial Compressor

Center Shaft

Example of Combination Flow

Intake Air Flow

Axial Compressor

Centrifugal Compressor

Intake air flow is forced down the center shaft initially by axially compressor stages, and then forced against engine perimeter by the centrifugal compressor.

Major Components of Interest

• Compressor– Axial – Centrifugal

• Turbine– Axial– Radial

Axial Compressor Centrifugal Compressor

Centrifugal Compressor Operation

Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward the outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the impeller increases.

Dynamic Surge• Occurs when the static (inlet) air

pressure rises past the design characteristics of the compressor.

• When there is a reversal of airflow from the compressor causing a surge to propagate in the engine.

• Essentially, the flow is exhausted out of the compressor, or front, of the engine.

• Result, is the compressor no longer able to exhaust as quickly as air is being drawn in and a “bang” occurs.

http://www.turbosolve.com/index.html

Compressor Inlet

Turbine Exit

Tipe kompressor

ejector

centrifugal-

turboaxial-turbo

vane liquidring

screw rotaryblower

labyrinth diaphragm

rotary reciprocating

trunk crosshead free-piston

single-rotor double-rotor

helical

displacementcompressor

dynamic compressor

Components of air

21%

other gasses

78%

nitrogen

oxygen 1%

Tekanan

Pressure (p) = Force (F)

Area (A)

1 Pascal (Pa)1 Newton (N)

1 m² (A)=

Equivalents105 Pa = 1 bar

1 MPa = 10 bar

Gauge pressure1 bar = 14,5 psi(g)

1 hPa = 0,001 bar

1 bar = 10197 mmWC

1 bar = 750,062 TorrA = 1 m2

1 N

TURBO KOMPRESSOR

INTERCOOLER

KOMPRESSOR CENTRIFUGAL

KOMPRESSOR ROTARY

ROTARY

ROTOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

symmetricalprofile

asymmetricprofile

The world renowned

Advantages of CompAir screw compressorsCompressed air generation with two rotating screws

FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR

fluid filter

hot fluid

compressedair

fluid-air mixture

cooled fluid

Construction:

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT (IDEAL)

Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik yang sederhana adalah adalah kompressor dengan seluruh kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu selinder yang biasa disebut dengan kompressor satu satu tingkat.

Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan bahwa:

1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup masuk dan katup buang

2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah buang adalah konstan

3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi

4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung pada satu selinder

Reciprocating Compressor

System = ‘Control Volume’ which contains the gas being compressed.

IB

MOTION

Body # C,connecting rod

load

Rotation

Body # B,the crank

(partially hidden)

Body # A, the flywheel‘part of the load’

A

C

MC

Inlet

Outlet

Valve Closed

Valve Open

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Reciprocating compressorssingle / two stage

Note thedifference:

- single / two stage- single acting / double acting

Installation: - portable- stationary

Application: (single stage)

- trade 10 bar- boosters 35 bar

Applications: trade, up to 15 barhigh pressure, up to 35 bar

Reciprocating compressorstwo stage inter-

cooling

top deadcentre

1 bar absolute8 bar

Upper piston clearance(dead space)

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Double-actingwith crosshead

Application:High pressure, up to 1000 barin combination with screw compressors.Compression of gas

KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA

Minimizing Compressor Work

2

2

,

1

rev inw vdP

Minimizing Compressor Work(Open System + Ideal Gas)

• Three compression processes:– Isentropic (no cooling):Pvk = Constant

– Polytropic (some cooling): Pvn = Constant

– Isothermal (maximum cooling): Pv =Constant

wkR T T

k

kRT

k

P

Pcom p in

kk

,

( )

2 1 1 2

1

1

1 11

wnR T T

n

nRT

n

P

Pcom p in

nn

,

( )

2 1 1 2

1

1

1 11

w RTP

Pcom p in, ln 2

1

w vdPrev 1

2

Pv RT

RTv

P

Distribusi Compresor

Compressor Area

Tanki Angin

Manometer

Line Produksi

Pemakaian Compresor

1.Snaper (pengencangan baut) 2. Hoist

3. Base Roller 4. Spray angin 5. Spray Gun (anti rust)