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Mr.Warawut Khangkhan Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Mr.Warawut Khangkhan e-Mail: [email protected] Social Network: www.facebook.com/AjWarawut

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Page 1: Management Information System 3

Mr.Warawut Khangkhan

Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Computer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer HardwareComputer Hardware

Mr.Warawut Khangkhan

e-Mail: [email protected]

Social Network: www.facebook.com/AjWarawut

Page 2: Management Information System 3

����������� ������������� ��� �������������� (Information Technology: IT) �����������ก������������������

� ��������������������������������� 4 ���ก� !�"ก# !�"ก#�$��!"%�� (Hardware)�&�'(�"%�� (Software)�������)� (Database)�������#�����*%�(���"��ก��+�� (Computer Network and Communication) Mr.Warawut Khangkhan2 Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

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�������������������� ���������������������� ��

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�������������������� ���������������������� ��� $��!"%������*%�(��� (Computer Hardware) ,���

����ก���- %# ���������� (Hardware)

�Hardware ,��./� *+���+0��(��� !�����,�!��+�ก�+�%����ก������*%�(��� �1#� Main board, CPU "�� I/O ก������*%�(��� �1#� Main board, CPU "�� I/O Device ����(��

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�������������

Input Input Input Input Output Output Output Output

Control UnitControl UnitControl UnitControl Unit

Central Processing UnitCentral Processing UnitCentral Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit(CPU)(CPU)(CPU)(CPU)

Mr.Warawut KhangkhanChapter 3 Computer Hardware5

Input Input Input Input UnitUnitUnitUnit

Output Output Output Output UnitUnitUnitUnitArithmetic / Logical Unit : ALUArithmetic / Logical Unit : ALUArithmetic / Logical Unit : ALUArithmetic / Logical Unit : ALU

Memory UnitMemory UnitMemory UnitMemory Unit

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����������������������������������

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����������������������������������0�"�ก����*%�(���(���!�������+������ 4 ����2� !�����

� Supercomputer

�Mainframe Computer

Minicomputer

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�Minicomputer

�Microcomputer

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SupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputer� ��������*%�(�����!3,�#

� �%���4%3�ก�����%�5�)���+6! (����8 1,000 ������+�(#�%*���)

� ��"�� ���+��0ก�����*�:*2���� Chip ��+31�

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� ��"�� ���+��0ก�����*�:*2���� Chip ��+31�����%�5�)�6!

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SupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputer� �,��ก������+(���ก��%�������!"��.)ก(���"�#���3�

ก����%8)� �%�./�����+(�����ก�%*����,���+&��&��� �1#� ����ก�8��ก� ��!��%*���(�� ก�%*0���������*%������� ,��������,� ����(��

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�������*%������� ,��������,� ����(��

���*;��5)�5�*( Supercomputer ��+ !�����%��*�� !�"ก#IBM, Fujitsu, Cray, Hitachi "�� NEC ����(��

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SupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputer��<006�����ก���"�%�%��*!ก�����%�5�"�����(Parallel Processing �����������ก%# Multiprocessing) ��� Supercomputer �31�ก������*%�(�����!��4ก �!��������������#�"��ก��0�

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����*%�(�����!��4ก �!��������������#�"��ก��0���3,�����*%�(����,�#���1#%�ก������%�5�"��ก�31�Supercomputer ����ก,��กก����%# “Cluster”

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SupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputerSupercomputer

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Mainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe Computer� ��������*%�(�����+����!3,�#������0กSupercomputer

����%���4%3�ก�����%�5�����ก%# Supercomputer� �,���,�������ก���!3,�#��+��ก��������)#

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� �,���,�������ก���!3,�#��+��ก��������)#�)���ก�� "��ก��0�����)� �����(#�- ����������#� ��5)�31����������ก��,���� (Multi-user) �1#� ��:��� ���ก��*� �����ก��1�%*( ,������� ERP �������� ����(��

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Mainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe Computer�Mainframe Computer 0����ก��!�%�(�%

����%�5� (Processor) ,��(�% 0/���3,���.����%�5� !���#��%!��4%

� 5)�5�*( Mainframe Computer ��+ !�����%��*��

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� 5)�5�*( Mainframe Computer ��+ !�����%��*�� !�"ก# IBM, Fujitsu "�� Unisys ����(��

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Mainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe ComputerMainframe Computer

Mr.Warawut KhangkhanChapter 3 Computer Hardware14

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MinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputer� ��������*%�(�����!ก�� (Midrange Computer)

����%���4%3�ก�����%�5�)�

� �,��ก������ก���!ก��./���!3,�#��+��ก�������������������#�"�� Client/Server ��5)�31�������

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����������#�"�� Client/Server ��5)�31������������ก��,���� "��������)�0��%��ก �1#� �,%*����� ������6(,ก��� ,����=*��(*ก� ,���,���%*0���!���(#�- ����(��

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MinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputer��� Processor ,��(�%�1#��!��%ก������+�� Mainframe Computer

�Minicomputer ��+ !�����%��*�� !�"ก# IBM, AS/400, HP 9000 "�� HP Alpha ����(��

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AS/400, HP 9000 "�� HP Alpha ����(��

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MinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputerMinicomputer

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MicrocomputerMicrocomputerMicrocomputerMicrocomputer�,��� “Personal Computer (PC)”

� ��������*%�(�����!��4ก

� �,���,���5)�31����!��% (Stand-alone) ,���31��1�+��(#�ก������������#���+�-

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�1�+��(#�ก������������#���+�-

� �,��ก������+% � �1#� ����ก� �����1� ,��������%8

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MicrocomputerMicrocomputerMicrocomputerMicrocomputer

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���ก�����������������ก��������������

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KeyboardKeyboardKeyboardKeyboard

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MouseMouseMouseMouse TrackballTrackballTrackballTrackball

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Touch PadTouch PadTouch PadTouch Pad StylusStylusStylusStylus

MicrophoneMicrophoneMicrophoneMicrophone ScannerScannerScannerScanner

Mr.Warawut KhangkhanChapter 3 Computer Hardware22

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Optical Character Optical Character Optical Character Optical Character Recognition (OCR)Recognition (OCR)Recognition (OCR)Recognition (OCR)

MagneticMagneticMagneticMagnetic----Ink CharacterInk CharacterInk CharacterInk CharacterRecognition Reader (MICR)Recognition Reader (MICR)Recognition Reader (MICR)Recognition Reader (MICR)

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Digital CameraDigital CameraDigital CameraDigital Camera Video PC CameraVideo PC CameraVideo PC CameraVideo PC Camera

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Touch ScreenTouch ScreenTouch ScreenTouch Screen Pointing StickPointing StickPointing StickPointing Stick

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���ก�� �!����������ก�� �!�������

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"�#�$�����!�ก���"�#�$�����!�ก���

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"�#�$�����!�ก���"�#�$�����!�ก����,�#%�����%�5�ก�� (Central Processing Unit: CPU)

���,����+����%�5����+� "���%��6�ก���������,�!!�����������*%�(���

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�����������*%�(���

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"�#�$�����!�ก���"�#�$�����!�ก���CPU ���ก��!�%�,�#%��#�� 2 ,�#%� ���

�,�#%��%��6� (Control Unit) – ��,����+�%��6�ก��������,�#%���+�- ����,�! ���0�!ก��%�ก�����%�5�(����+���+������� ����0��,%�(����8

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����%�5�(����+���+������� ����0��,%�(����8�>*ก

�,�#%��%��6� (Arithmetic / Logical Unit) – ��,����+����%�5����+�!�%�%*:�ก����8*(�(��

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"�#�$�����!�ก���"�#�$�����!�ก����CPU ����ก;8����� Chip ��!��4ก��0ก Silicon

2�3� Chip ���ก��!�%�%�0� (Circuit) 0��%��,����+���������8����)���������%�5�

�Chip ����!��4ก 0/�����ก%# CPU %#

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�Chip ����!��4ก 0/�����ก%# CPU %#“Microprocessor” ,��� “Processor”

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ก����������� CPUCPUCPUCPU� ก�����%�5�����)���� CPU 3�"(#����� ���ก�� �

!�%� 4 ����(�� ����ก%# “Machine Cycle”

2. Decode2. Decode 3. Execute3. Execute

Control UnitControl UnitControl UnitControl Unit ALUALUALUALU

Mr.Warawut KhangkhanChapter 3 Computer Hardware31

2. Decode2. Decode

1. Fetch1. Fetch

3. Execute3. Execute

4. Store4. Store

RegistersRegistersRegistersRegistersRegistersRegistersRegistersRegisters

Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)Main Memory (Primary Storage)

InstructionsInstructionsInstructionsInstructions ResultsResultsResultsResults

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"�#�$����%��"�#�$����%��

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"�#�$����%��"�#�$����%���,�#%��%�0� (Memory Unit) ��,����+0�!�ก4�����)�

��+����������+�#�(#� ���� CPU ���+� CPU ����%�5���400���5����:���ก4� %�3�,�#%��%�0� ���+��� �"!�5���ก���6�ก�8�"!�5� ,���0�!�ก4���,�#%��%�0�����

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"!�5���ก���6�ก�8�"!�5� ,���0�!�ก4���,�#%��%�0�����

�,�#%��%�0�"�#����� 2 1�*! ����,�#%��%�0�,��ก (Primary Storage / Main Memory)

�,�#%��%�0����� (Secondary Storage)

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�������������ก

�ROM (Read Only Memory)

�RAM (Random Access Memory)

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ROM (Read Only Memory)� PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)���� ROM ��+��.���"ก��3,�# !� "(#�� !������ 1 �������#���� �!�(���31��6�ก�8��?��3�ก���������"ก������ PROM

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���� PROM� EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)���� PROM ��+��.������)�"��%���"ก���� �3,�# !��!�31�"!��6�(�� %����4( (Ultraviolet)

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ROM (Read Only Memory)� EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

���� ROM ��+��.��"�����"ก��3,�#&�� !�,������� �!�31��%�(#���ก�� ''@ (�%��#� Flash Memory ����(��

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�!�31��%�(#���ก�� ''@ (�%��#� ����(��

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RAM (Random Access Memory)� SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)

"(#�!*� DRAM 0�(��� Refresh (�%���(��!�%����+�3,�����)��������)# ��3,��ก*!ก�,�#%��%��/�� 0/���A�3,�����Synchronous DRAM 0�31����8�>*ก����(�%ก�,�!0��,%�ก����� 0/� �#��ก�,�#%��%��ก*!�/�� ��3,�������4%�/��

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ก����� 0/� �#��ก�,�#%��%��ก*!�/�� ��3,�������4%�/��� DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)

���������� SDRAM ��� 31����8�>*ก����� 1 3� 2 ���1 0��,%����8��#���� "(# DDR SDRAM 0�31� 1 0��,%��(4�������8 0/���3,����� !���4%�ก�/����#(�%

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RAM (Random Access Memory)

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����������������

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���ก������������ � (Access Mode)(Access Mode)(Access Mode)(Access Mode)

� Sequential Data Access

�Direct Data Access

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"�&ก�ก�'��%��������ก(���"�&ก�ก�'��%��������ก(���

�� ���� ��

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"�&ก�ก�'��%�������ก(����� ��"�&ก�ก�'��%�������ก(����� ��� ���.�����$��!"%��

� Slot �,���(*!(���

� 1�*!"��0��%��������(2���ก (External Port)

� ����2� �%�������! "����!���2�

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� ����2� �%�������! "����!���2�

� �%����ก�� !�ก�������!*�

� ��!���������+31��� "����ก;8����ก�31���

� �%��#�1�+�.�����5)��� ก�������ก��*��� "����*ก�,���0ก�����%�������ก��*��6!��

� (���6�

Page 43: Management Information System 3

ก��$�$�) ���� ���*���ก��$�$�) ���� ���*���

������

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ก��$�$�) ���� ���*������ก��$�$�) ���� ���*������� ��!�%���.������� (Scalability) ,��./�

�%���.���$��!"%��3�ก�(�����(#�ก�31��� !���#��+���� "��%#������0�����!3,�#�/�� ,�����0��%�5)�31���*+��/��ก4(�

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0��%�5)�31���*+��/��ก4(�

� ก������!�%���.������� 0�(������<00������!��$��!"%��"��&�'(�"%����*0�8�#%�ก��0/�0�3,�5����:� !���#�"��0�*�