CopyrightNFPA

NFPA70NationalElectricalCode

2005Edition

Copyright2004,NationalFireProtectionAssociation,AllRightsReserved

ThiseditionofNFPA70,NationalElectricalCode,waspreparedbytheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeandactedonbyNFPAatitsMayAssociationTechnicalMeetingheldMay2326,2004,inSaltLakeCity,UT.ItwasissuedbytheStandardsCouncilonJuly16,2004,withaneffectivedateofAugust5,2004,andsupersedesallpreviouseditions.

Atentativeinterimamendment(TIA)toSection604.6(A)(1)wasissuedonJuly15,2004.ForfurtherinformationontentativeinterimamendmentsseeSection5oftheNFPARegulationsGoverningCommitteeProjectsavailableat:

http://www.nfpa.org/Codes/NFPADirectory.asp#Regs&Procedures

ThiseditionofNFPA70wasapprovedasanAmericanNationalStandardonAugust5,2004.

HistoryandDevelopmentoftheNationalElectricalCode

TheNationalFireProtectionAssociationhasactedassponsoroftheNationalElectricalCodesince1911.Theoriginal Codedocumentwasdevelopedin1897asaresultoftheunitedeffortsofvariousinsurance,electrical,architectural,andalliedinterests.

InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheNFPARegulationsGoverningCommitteeProjects,aNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeReportonProposalscontainingproposedamendmentstothe2002NationalElectricalCodewaspublishedbyNFPAinJuly2003.ThisreportrecordedtheactionsofthevariousCodeMakingPanelsandtheCorrelatingCommitteeoftheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeoneachproposalthathadbeenmadetorevisethe2002Code.ThereportwascirculatedtoallmembersoftheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeandwasmadeavailabletootherinterestedNFPAmembersandtothepublicforreviewandcomment.Followingthecloseofthepubliccommentperiod,theCodeMakingPanelsmet,actedoneachcomment,andreportedtheiractiontotheCorrelatingCommittee.NFPApublishedtheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeReportonCommentsinApril2004,whichrecordedtheactionsoftheCodeMakingPanelsandtheCorrelatingCommitteeoneachpubliccommenttotheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeReportonProposals.TheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeReportonProposalsandtheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteeReportonCommentswerepresentedtothe2004May

CopyrightNFPA

AssociationTechnicalMeetingforadoption.

NFPAhasanElectricalSectionthatprovidesparticularopportunityforNFPAmembersinterestedinelectricalsafetytobecomebetterinformedandtocontributetothedevelopmentoftheNationalElectricalCodeandotherNFPAelectricalstandards.Eachof theCodeMakingPanelsandtheChairmanoftheCorrelatingCommitteereportedtheirrecommendationstomeetingsoftheElectricalSectionatthe2004NFPAWorldSafetyConferenceandExposition.TheElectricalSectionthushadopportunitytodiscussandreviewthereportoftheNationalElectricalCodeCommitteepriortotheadoptionofthiseditionoftheCodebytheAssociationatits2004MayTechnicalSession.

This2005editionsupersedesallotherpreviouseditions,supplements,andprintingsdated1897,1899,1901,1903,1904,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1918,1920,1923,1925,1926,1928,1930,1931,1933,1935,1937,1940,1942,1943,1947,1949,1951,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1962,1965,1968,1971,1975,1978,1981,1984,1987,1990,1993,1996,1999,and2002.The2005editionmarksthe50theditionoftheNationalElectricalCode.

Changesotherthaneditorialareindicatedbyaverticalrulebesidetheparagraph,table,orfigureinwhichthechangeoccurred.Theserulesareincludedasanaidtotheuserinidentifyingchangesfromthepreviousedition.Whereoneormorecompleteparagraphshavebeendeleted,thedeletionisindicatedbyabullet()betweentheparagraphsthatremain.

ThisCodeispurelyadvisoryasfarasNFPAisconcerned.Itismadeavailableforawidevarietyofbothpublicandprivateusesintheinterestoflifeandpropertyprotection.Theseincludebothuseinlawandforregulatorypurposes,anduseinprivateselfregulationandstandardizationactivitiesasinsuranceunderwriting,buildingandfacilitiesconstructionandmanagement,andproducttestingandcertification.

NATIONALELECTRICALCODECOMMITTEE

TheselistsrepresentthemembershipatthetimetheCommitteewasballotedonthefinaltextofthisedition.Sincethattime,changesinthemembershipmayhaveoccurred.Akeytoclassificationsisfoundatthebackofthisdocument.

TechnicalCorrelatingCommittee

JamesW.Carpenter,ChairInternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors,TX[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

MarkW.Earley,SecretaryNFPA,MA(nonvoting)

JeanA.O'Connor,RecordingSecretaryNFPA,MA(nonvoting)

CopyrightNFPA

JamesE.Brunssen, Telcordia,NJ[UT]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions

MichaelI.Callanan, NationalJointApprentice&TrainingCommittee,MD[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

WilliamR.Drake, Marinco,CA[M]

JohnR.Kovacik, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

JamesT.Pauley, SquareDCompany,KY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

MichaelD.Toman, MEGAPowerElectricalServices,Incorporated,MD[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

JohnW.Troglia, EdisonElectricInstitute,WI[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

CraigM.Wellman, DuPontEngineering,DE[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

Alternates

JeffreyBoksiner, TelcordiaTechnologies,Incorporated,NJ[UT]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions(Alt.toJ.E.Brunssen)

PhilipH.Cox, Bigelow,AR[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toJ.W.Carpenter)

JamesM.Daly, GeneralCable,NJ[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.T.Pauley)

StanleyJ.Folz, FolzElectric,Incorporated,IL[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toM.D.Toman)

PalmerL.Hickman, NationalJointApprentice&TrainingCommittee,MD[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toM.I.Callanan)

NeilF.LaBrake,Jr., NiagaraMohawk,aNationalGridCompany,NY[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toJ.W.Troglia)

CopyrightNFPA

WilliamM.Lewis, EliLilly&Company,IN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toC.M.Wellman)

MarkC.Ode, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT](Alt.toJ.R.Kovacik)

Nonvoting

RichardG.Biermann, BiermannElectricCompany,Incorporated,IA[IM]

D.HaroldWare, LibraElectricCompany,OK[IM]

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.1Articles90,100,110,AnnexA,AnnexG

JohnD.Minick,ChairNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation,TX[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

MichaelA.Anthony, UniversityofMichigan,MI[U]Rep.TheAssociationofHigherEducationFacilitiesOfficers

LouisA.Barrios,Jr., ShellGlobalSolutions,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

DavidA.Dini, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

WilliamT.Fiske, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,NY[RT]

H.LandisFloydII, TheDuPontCompany,DE[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

PalmerL.Hickman, NationalJointApprentice&TrainingCommittee,MD[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

DavidL.Hittinger, IECofGreaterCincinnati,OH[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

RandallR.McCarver, TelcordiaTechnologies,Incorporated,NJ[U]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions

LannyG.McMahill, CityofPhoenix,AZ[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

H.BrookeStauffer, NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation,MD[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

CopyrightNFPA

JohnW.Troglia, EdisonElectricInstitute,WI[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

Alternates

LawrenceS.Ayer, BizComElectric,Incorporated,OH[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toD.L.Hittinger)

KennethP.Boyce, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toD.A.Dini)

ErnestJ.Gallo, TelcordiaTechnologies,Incorporated,NJ[U]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions(Alt.toR.R.McCarver)

RussellJ.Helmick,Jr., CityofIrvine,CA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toL.G.McMahill)

NeilF.LaBrake,Jr., NiagaraMohawk,aNationalGridCompany,NY[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toJ.W.Troglia)

DonaldH.McCullough,II, WestinghouseSavannahRiverCompany,SC[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toH.L.FloydII)

GilMoniz, NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation,MA[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.D.Minick)

RickMunch, FrischhertzElectricCompany,LA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toP.L.Hickman)

Nonvoting

ArkTsisserev, CityofVancouver,BC,CanadaRep.CanadianStandardsAssociationInternational

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.2Articles210,215,220,AnnexD,Examples1through6

RaymondW.Weber,ChairStateofWisconsin,WI[E]

Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

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RichardW.Becker, EngineeredElectricalSystems,Incorporated,WA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

FrankColuccio, NewYorkCityDepartmentofBuildings,NY[E]

MatthewD.Dobson, NationalAssociationofHomeBuilders,DC[U]Rep.NationalAssociationofHomeBuilders

ThomasL.Harman, UniversityofHouston/ClearLake,TX[SE]

DonaldM.King, IBEWLocalUnion313,DE[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

ChristopherP.O'Neil, NationalGridUSAServiceCompany,MARep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI,MA

JamesT.Pauley, SquareDCompany,KY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

SusanW.Porter, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

JosephPattersonRoch, CelaneseAcetate,SC[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

AlbertF.Sidhom, U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,CA[U]

MichaelD.Toman, MEGAPowerElectricalServices,Incorporated,MD[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

RobertG.Wilkinson, IndependentElectricalContractorsofTexasGulfCoast,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

Alternates

KevinJ.Brooks, IBEWLocalUnion16,IN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toD.MKing)

ErnestS.Broome, CityofKnoxville,TN[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toR.W.Weber)

JamesR.Jones, UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,AL[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toR.W.Becker)

DanielJ.Kissane, Pass&Seymour/Legrand,NY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

CopyrightNFPA

(Alt.toJ.T.Pauley)

BrianJ.Nenninger, TheDowChemicalCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toJ.P.Roch)

CliffordL.Rediger, IndependentElectricalContractorsTrainingFund,CO[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toR.G.Wilkinson)

RichardV.Wagner, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT](Alt.toS.W.Porter)

JosephE.Wiehagen, NationalAssociationofHomeBuilders,MD[U]Rep.NationalAssociationofHomeBuilders(Alt.toM.D.Dobson)

Nonvoting

DouglasA.Lee, U.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,MD[C]

AndrewM.Trotta, U.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,MD[C](Alt.toD.A.Lee)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.3Articles300,590,720,725,727,760,Chapter9,Tables11(a)and(b),andTables12(a)

and(b)

RichardP.Owen,ChairCityofSt.Paul,MN[E]

Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

LawrenceS.Ayer, BizComElectric,Incorporated,OH[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

PaulJ.Casparro, ScrantonElectriciansJATC,PA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

LesEaster, AlliedTubeandConduit,IL[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

SanfordE.Egesdal, EgesdalAssociatesPLC,MN[M]Rep.AutomaticFireAlarmAssociation,Incorporated

ThomasJ.Guida, UnderwritersLaboratories,Inc.,NY[RT]

DennisB.Horman, PacifiCorp,UT[UT]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

RayR.Keden, ERICO,Incorporated,CA[M]Rep.BuildingIndustryConsultingServicesInternational

RonaldE.Maassen, LembergElectricCompany,Incorporated,WI[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

StevenJ.Owen, StevenJ.Owen,Incorporated,AL[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

DavidA.Pace, OlinCorporation,AL[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

MelvinK.Sanders, ThingsElectricalCompany,Incorporated(TECo.,Incorporated),IA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

JohnE.Sleights, TravelersInsurance,CT[I]

Alternates

MarkEChristian, ChattanoogaElectricalJATC,TN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toP.J.Casparro)

Dr.ShaneM.Clary, BayAlarmCompany,Incorporated,CA[M]Rep.AutomaticFireAlarmAssociation,Incorporated(Alt.toS.E.Egesdal)

AdamD.Corbin, CorbinElectricalServices,Incorporated,NJ[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Inc.(Alt.toL.S.Ayer)

JohnC.Hudak, OldForge,PA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toR.P.Owen)

DannyLiggett, DuPontEngineering,DE[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toD.A.Pace)

JuanC.Menendez, SouthernCaliforniaEdisonCompany,CA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toD.B.Horman)

T.DavidMills, BechtelSavannahRiver,Incorporated,SC[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

CopyrightNFPA

(Alt.toM.K.Sanders)

MarkC.Ode, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT](Alt.toT.J.Guida)

LorenaOrbanic, Carlon,Lamson&Sessions,OH[M]Rep.BuildingIndustryConsultingServicesInternational(Alt.toR.R.Keden)

RogerS.Passmore, DavisElectricalConstructors,Incorporated,SC[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toS.J.Owen)

GeorgeA.Straniero, AFCCableSystems,Incorporated,NJ[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toL.Easter)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.4Articles225,230

JamesM.Naughton,ChairIBEWLocalUnion103,MA[L]

Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

MalcolmAllison, FerrazShawmut,MA[M]

C.JohnBeck, PacificGasandElectricCompany,CA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

RobertJ.Deaton, TheDowChemicalCompany,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

HowardD.Hughes, HughesElectricCompanyIncorporated,AR[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

WilliamM.Lewis, EliLilly&Company,IN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

MarkC.Ode, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT]

JamesJ.Rogers, TownsofOakBluffs,Tisbury,WestTisbury,MA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

JohnW.Young, SiemensEnergy&Automation,Incorporated,GA[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

VincentZinnante, AdvantageElectric,Incorporated,TX[IM]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

Alternates

ThomasL.Adams, ExelonCorporation,IL[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toC.J.Beck)

RonaldBreschini, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,CA[RT](Alt.toM.C.Ode)

TerryD.Cole, HamerElectric,WA[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toV.Zinnante)

MarkR.Hilbert, StateofNewHampshire,NH[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toJ.J.Rogers)

PhilipM.Piqueira, GeneralElectricCompany,CT[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.W.Young)

FrancisE.Rose,Jr., W.S.NelsonandCompany,Incorporated,LA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toR.J.Deaton)

JohnSigmund, PPGIndustries,Incorporated,LA[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toW.M.Lewis)

MarkH.Sumrall, IBEWLocalUnion527,TX[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toJ.M.Naughton)

KentWalker, FerrazShawmut,MA[M](Alt.toM.Allison)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.5Articles200,250,280,285

RonaldJ.Toomer,ChairToomerElectricalCompanyIncorporated,LA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

JeffreyBoksiner, TelcordiaTechnologies,Incorporated,NJ[UT]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions

CopyrightNFPA

DavidT.Brender, CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated,NY[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated

MartinJ.Brett,Jr., WheatlandTubeCompany,NJ[M]Rep.AmericanIronandSteelInstitute

ElioL.Checca, U.S.DepartmentofLabor,VA[E]

PaulDobrowsky, EastmanKodakCompany,NY[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

GeraldL.Hadeen, Tehachapi,CA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation

DanHammel, IBEWLocalUnion704,IA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

MichaelJ.Johnston, InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors,TX[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

CharlesMello, ElectroTest,Incorporated,OR[IM]Rep.InterNationalElectricalTestingAssociationIncorporated

ElliotRappaport, ElectroTechnologyConsultants,Incorporated,FL[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

TedG.Robertson, RobertsonElectric,Incorporated,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

WalterSkuggevig, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

GregoryJ.Steinman, Thomas&BettsCorporation,TN[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

RobertG.Stoll, ThomasAssociates,Incorporated,OH[M]Rep.PowerToolInstitute,Incorporated

C.DouglasWhite, CenterPointEnergy,Incorporated,TX[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

Alternates

MartinD.Adams, AdamsElectric,Incorporated,CO[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toR.J.Toomer)

DavidA.Dini, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

CopyrightNFPA

(Alt.toW.Skuggevig)

TimothyEdwards, AlcanCableCompany,GA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation(Alt.toG.L.Hadeen)

RobertFiglia, NewYorkBoardofFireUnderwriters,NY[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toM.J.Johnston)

G.ScottHarding, F.B.Harding,Incorporated,MD[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toT.G.Robertson)

WilliamJ.Helfrich, U.S.DepartmentofLabor,PA[E](Alt.toE.L.Checca)

RonaldLai, FCIElectrical,NH[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toG.J.Steinman)

PaulJ.LeVasseur, BayCityJEATC,MI[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toD.Hammel)

RichardE.Loyd, R&NAssociates,AZ[M]Rep.AmericanIronandSteelInstitute(Alt.toM.J.Brett,Jr.)

DaleepC.Mohla, DCMElectricalConsultingServices,Incorporated,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toE.Rappaport)

DavidPeot, Ryobi,SC[M]Rep.PowerToolInstitute,Incorporated(Alt.toR.G.Stoll)

J.PhilipSimmons, SimmonsElectricalServices,WA[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated(Alt.toD.T.Brender)

JamesS.Simpson, SouthernCompanyServices,AL[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toC.D.White)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.6

CopyrightNFPA

Articles310,400,402,Chapter9Tables5through9,AnnexB

StephenJ.Thorwegen,Jr.,ChairFiskElectricCompany,TX[IM]

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

RobertEdwards, AlcanAluminumCorporation,ON,Canada[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation

SamuelB.Friedman, BICCGeneralCableCorporation,RI[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

G.W.JerryKent, KentElectric&PlumbingSystems,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

DavidG.Komassa, WEEnergies,WI[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

WilliamF.Laidler, SouthShoreVoTech/IBEW223,MA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

DannyP.Liggett, DuPontEngineering,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

L.BruceMcClung, ElectricalSafetyConsultingServices,Incorporated,WV[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

OranP.Post, CityofCuyahogaFalls,OH[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

AustinD.Wetherell, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

JosephS.Zimnoch, TheOkoniteCompany,NJ[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated

Alternates

PeterE.Bowers, SatelliteElectricCompany,Incorporated,MD[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toG.W.Kent)

JamesM.Daly, GeneralCable,NJ[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated(Alt.toJ.S.Zimnoch)

RobertL.Huddleston,Jr., EastmanChemicalCompany,TN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

CopyrightNFPA

(Alt.toD.P.Liggett)

PhilipT.Laudicini, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT](Alt.toA.D.Wetherell)

LowellS.Lisker, AmericanInsulatedWireCorporation,RI[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toS.B.Friedman)

PaulR.Picard, AFCCableSystems,Incorporated,MA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation(Alt.toR.Edwards)

HarryJ.Sassaman, ForestElectricCorporation,NJ[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toS.J.Thorwegen,Jr.)

JohnStacey, CityofSt.Louis,MO[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toO.P.Post)

DonaldA.Voltz, MustangEngineering,Incorporated,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toL.B.McClung)

DavidR.Wellington, ToledoElectricalJATC,OH[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toW.F.Laidler)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.7Articles320,322,324,326,328,330,332,334,336,338,340,382,394,396,398

GaylenD.Rogers,ChairStateofUtah,UT[E]

Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

JamesJ.Anastasi, Intertek/ETLSemko,NY[RT]

HarryC.Brown, IBEWLocalUnion606,FL[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

JohnJ.Cangemi, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

JamesM.Daly, GeneralCable,NJ[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

ChrisJ.Fahrenthold, EncompassElectricalTechnologies,TX[IM]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

RobertL.Gotham, RoseCityElectricCompany,Incorporated,OR[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

HermanJ.Hall, Austin,TX[M]Rep.SocietyofthePlasticsIndustryIncorporated

RonaldG.Nickson, NationalMultiHousingCouncil,DC[U]Rep.NationalMultiHousingCouncil

BruceW.Nutt, Oncor,TX[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

GregoryL.Runyon, EliLillyandCompany,IN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

DavidE.Schumacher, AllCountyElectricCompany,IA[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

H.R.Stewart, HRSConsulting,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

GeorgeA.Straniero, AFCCableSystems,Incorporated,NJ[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated

RichardTemblador, AlflexCorporation,CA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation

Alternates

WilliamB.Crist, HoustonStaffordElectricCompany,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toC.J.Fahrenthold)

JamesD.Erwin, Celanese,Limited,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toG.L.Runyon)

JamesK.Hinrichs, StateofWashington,WA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toG.D.Rogers)

SamuelR.LaDart, CityofMemphis,TN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toH.C.Brown)

C.DavidMercier, SouthwireCompany,GA[M]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.M.Daly)

DennisA.Nielsen, LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,CA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toH.R.Stewart)

PaulA.Orr, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT](Alt.toJ.J.Cangemi)

JohnW.WesRay, DukeEnergyCorporation,NC[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toB.W.Nutt)

DavidK.Smith, EncoreWireLimited,TX[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated(Alt.toG.A.Straniero)

JohnThomasThompson, ABCMarathonElectricalCompany,Incorporated,AL[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toD.E.Schumacher)

LarryG.Watkins, AlcanAluminumCorporation,GA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation(Alt.toR.Temblador)

ThomasH.Wood, CecilB.WoodIncorporated,IL[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toR.L.Gotham)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.8Articles342,344,348,350,352,353,354,356,358,360,362,366,368,370,372,374,

376,378,380,384,386,388,390,392,Chapter9Tables1through4,AnnexC

JulianR.Burns,ChairBurnsElectrical/QualityPowerSolutions,Incorporated,NC[IM]

Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

JohnS.Corry, CorryElectricIncorporated,CA[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

JosephG.Dabe, CityofSt.Paul,MN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

GeorgeR.Dauberger, Thomas&BettsCorporation,TN[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

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JamesC.Dollins, AFCCableSystems,MA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation

RonaldE.Duren, PacifiCorp,WA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

M.ShanGriffith, Kelloff,Brown&Root,Incorporated,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

DavidH.Kendall, Carlon,Lamson&Sessions,OH[M]Rep.SocietyofthePlasticsIndustryIncorporated

WayneA.Lilly, CityofHarrisonburg,VA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

RichardE.Loyd, R&NAssociates,AZ[M]Rep.AmericanIronandSteelInstitute

StephenP.Poholski, NewkirkElectricAssociates,Incorporated,MI[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

DennisL.Rowe, NewYorkBoardofFireUnderwriters,NY[E]Rep.NewYorkBoardofFireUnderwriters

GeorgeF.Walbrecht, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

Alternates

RichardBerman, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toG.F.Walbrecht)

DuaneA.Carlson, PRSConsultingEngineers,WA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toM.S.Griffith)

CharlesW.Forsberg, ShakerHeights,OH[M]Rep.SocietyofthePlasticsIndustryIncorporated(Alt.toD.H.Kendall)

Dr.JackA.Gruber, WheatlandTubeCompany,PA[M]Rep.AmericanIronandSteelInstitute(Alt.toR.E.Loyd)

JamesM.Imlah, CityofHillsboro,OR[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toW.A.Lilly)

CopyrightNFPA

AlanManche, SchneiderElectric/SquareDCompany,KY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toG.R.Dauberger)

JamieMcNamara, CityofSt.Paul,MN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toJ.G.Dabe)

C.ErnestReynolds, HatfieldReynoldsElectricCompany,AZ[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toJ.R.Burns)

RichardTemblador, AlflexCorporation,CA[M]Rep.TheAluminumAssociation(Alt.toJ.C.Dollins)

RonaldJ.Toomer, ToomerElectricalCompanyIncorporated,LA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toS.P.Poholski)

JamesVanDenHeuvel, WestElectricIncorporated,WI[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toJ.S.Corry)

LeslieR.Zielke, SouthCarolinaElectric&GasCompany,SC[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toR.E.Duren)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.9Articles312,314,404,408,450,490

TimothyM.Croushore,ChairAlleghenyPower,PA[UT]

Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

JefferyBernson, IBEWLocalUnion701,IL[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

HectorR.deVega, FluorDaniel,TX[U]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

FredericP.Hartwell, HartwellElectricalServices,MA[SE]

RobertJ.Kaemmerlen, KaemmerlenElectricCompany,MO[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

CopyrightNFPA

JacobKillinger, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

ThomasJ.LeMay, LeMayElectric,Incorporated,GA[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

DonaldR.Offerdahl, NorthDakotaStateElectricalBoard,ND[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

BradfordD.Rupp, AlliedMouldedProducts,Incorporated,OH[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

SukantaSengupta, FMCCorporation,NJ[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

RalphH.Young, EastmanChemicalCompany,TN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

Alternates

RodneyD.Belisle, NECAIBEWTrainingCenter,WA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toL.Bernson)

JosephM.Bolesina, PinellasCountyBuildingInspections,FL[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toD.R.Offerdahl)

JulianR.Burns, BurnsElectrical/QualityPowerSolutions,Incorporated,NC[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toT.J.LeMay)

JamesC.Carroll, SquareDCompany,TN[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toB.D.Rupp)

RichardP.Fogarty, ConsolidatedEdisonCompanyofNY,Incorporated,NY[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toT.M.Croushore)

RobertD.Osborne, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT](Alt.toJ.Killinger)

JeromeW.Seigel, WestHartford,CT[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toS.Sengupta)

MonteSzendre, WilsonConstructionCompany,OR[IM]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toR.J.Kaemmerlen)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.10Articles240,780

JamesT.Dollard,Jr.,ChairIBEWLocalUnion98,PA[L]

Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

CharlesK.Blizard, AmericanElectricalTestingCompany,Incorporated,MA[IM]Rep.InterNationalElectricalTestingAssociationIncorporated

MadelineBorthick, IECofHouston,Incorporated,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

ScottCline, McMurtreyElectric,Incorporated,CA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

DennisM.Darling, Ayres,Lewis,Norris&May,Incorporated,MI[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

CharlesK.Eldridge, IndianapolisPower&LightCompany,IN[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

CarlJ.Fredericks, TheDowChemicalCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

C.W.Kimblin, CutlerHammer,Incorporated,PA[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

ArdenL.Munson, HussmannCorporation,MO[M]Rep.AirConditioningandRefrigerationInstitute

GeorgeJ.Ockuly, Chesterfield,MO[M]

GeraldW.Williams, CountyofVentura,California,CA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

JohnA.Zaplatosch, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

Alternates

RobertR.Gage, NiagaraMohawk,ANationalGridCompany,NY[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toC.K.Eldridge)

GeorgeD.Gregory, SquareDCompany,IA[M]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toC.W.Kimblin)

RodericL.Hageman, PRITService,Incorporated,IL[IM]Rep.InterNationalElectricalTestingAssociationIncorporated(Alt.toC.K.Blizard)

CharlesD.Hughes, WestinghouseSavannahRiverCompany,SC[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toD.M.Darling)

RobertJ.Kauer, MiddleDepartmentInspectionAgency,Incorporated,PA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toG.W.Williams)

RichardE.Lofton,II, IBEWLocalUnion280,OR[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toJ.T.Dollard,Jr.)

RobertW.Mount,Jr., HussmannCorporation,MO[M]Rep.AirConditioningandRefrigerationInstitute(Alt.toA.L.Munson)

PaulJ.Notarian, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT](Alt.toJ.A.Zaplatosch)

VincentJ.Saporita, CooperBussmann,MO[M](Alt.toG.J.Ockuly)

JamesR.Sicard, ShellOilCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toC.J.Fredericks)

SteveA.Struble, FreemansElectricService,Incorporated,SD[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toM.Borthick)

Nonvoting

RickC.Gilmour, CanadianStandardsAssociation(CSA),ON,Canada

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.11Articles409,430,440,460,470,AnnexD,ExampleD8

WayneBrinkmeyer,ChairBiddleElectricCorporation,TX[IM]

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

CopyrightNFPA

FrederickBried, Spring,TX[U]Rep.AmericanPetroleumInstitute

RickL.Bunch, TecumsehProductsCompany,MI[M]Rep.AirConditioningandRefrigerationInstitute

JoeDavidCox, EastmanChemicalCompany,TN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

MichaelA.DAmico, IBEWLocalUnion488,CT[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

ThomasJ.Garvey, StateofWisconsin,WI[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

CharlesA.Goetz, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

PaulE.Guidry, FluorEnterprises,Incorporated,TX[U]Rep.AssociatedBuilders&Contractors,Incorporated

LeoH.Haas,Jr., CenterPointEnergy,Incorporated,TX,[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

VincentJ.Saporita, CooperBussmann,MO[M]

LynnF.Saunders, GeneralMotorsWFGUtilitiesServices,MI[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

LawrenceE.Todd, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,OR[RT]

RonWidup, ShermcoIndustries,Incorporated,TX[IM]Rep.InterNationalElectricalTestingAssociationIncorporated

JamesR.Wright, SiemensEnergy&Automation,Incorporated,IL[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

Alternates

ElwoodJ.Dodge, AddisonProductsCompany,FL[M]Rep.AirConditioningandRefrigerationInstitute(Alt.toR.L.Bunch)

RalphM.Esemplare, ConsolidatedEdisonCompanyofNewYork,NY[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toL.H.Haas,Jr.)

JamesM.Fahey, IBEWLocalUnion103,MA[L]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toM.A.DAmico)

StanleyJ.Folz, FolzElectric,Incorporated,IL[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toW.Brinkmeyer)

WilliamD.Glover, PPGIndustries,Incorporated,WV[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toJ.D.Cox)

PaulS.Hamer, ChevronTexacoCorporation,CA[U]Rep.AmericanPetroleumInstitute(Alt.toF.Bried)

RobertJ.Keough, EmersonMotorCompany,MO[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.R.Wright)

ThomasE.Moore, StarkCountyBuildingDepartment,OH[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toT.J.Garvey)

GeorgeJ.Ockuly, Chesterfield,MO[M](Alt.toV.J.Saporita)

FredericA.Salzman, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toC.A.Goetz)

ArthurJ.Smith,III, WaldemarS.Nelson&Company,Incorporated,LA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toL.F.Saunders)

Nonvoting

NinoMancini, CSAInternational,ON,Canada

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.12Articles610,620,625,630,640,645,647,650,660,665,668,669,670,685,

AnnexD,ExamplesD9andD10

CharlesM.Trout,ChairMaronElectricCompany,FL[IM]

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

ThomasM.Burke, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,CA[RT]

KentB.Givens, AluminumCompanyofAmerica,TX[M]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.TheAluminumAssociation(VLto610,625,630,645,660,665,668,669,685)

RonL.Janikowski, CityofWausau,Wisconsin,WI[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

RobertE.Johnson, ITESafety,MA[U]Rep.InformationTechnologyIndustryCouncil(VLto640,645,647,685)

RobertA.Jones, IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

AndyJuhasz, KoneIncorporated,IL[M]Rep.NationalElevatorIndustryIncorporated(VLto610,620,630)

SamMarcovici, NewYorkCityDepartmentofBuildings,NY[E]

JohnH.Mortimer, InductothermCorporation,NJ[M](VLto665)

RalphC.Prichard, HerculesIncorporated,DE[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

RonaldL.Purvis, GeorgiaPowerCompany,GA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

DavidR.Quave, IBEWLocalUnion903,MS[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

RobertH.Reuss, MorrisMaterialHandling,LLC,WI[M]Rep.CraneManufacturersAssociationofAmericaIncorporated(VLto610)

ArthurE.Schlueter,Jr., A.E.SchlueterPipeOrganCompany,GA[M]Rep.AmericanInstituteofOrganBuilders(VLto640,650)

KennethP.White, OlinCorporation,TN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

JamesE.Winfrey, SquareDCompany,NC[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

Alternates

WilliamE.Anderson, TheProcter&GambleCompany,OH[U]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toR.C.Prichard)

JeffreyW.Blain, SchindlerElevatorCorporation,NJ[M]Rep.NationalElevatorIndustryIncorporated(Alt.toA.Juhasz)(VLto610,620,630)

WilliamA.Brunner, IBEWLocalUnion714,ND[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toD.R.Quave)

ScottCline, McMurtreyElectric,Incorporated,CA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toC.M.Trout)

RobertMichaelForister, CityofSheridan,Wyoming,WY[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toR.L.Janikowski)

BarryG.Karnes, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,CA[RT](Alt.toT.M.Burke)

ToddF.Lottmann, CooperBussmann,MO[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.E.Winfrey)

RogerD.McDaniel, GeorgiaPowerCompany,GA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toR.L.Purvis)

GeorgeS.Tidden, GeorgesElectricalServiceIncorporated,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toR.A.Jones)

RobertC.Turner, InductothermCorporation,NJ[M](Alt.toJ.H.Mortimer)(VLto665)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.13Articles445,455,480,690,692,695,700,701,702,705

ThomasH.Wood,ChairCecilB.WoodIncorporated,IL[IM]

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

TarryL.Baker, BrowardCountyBoardofRules&Appeals,FL[E]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

WardI.Bower, SandiaNationalLaboratories,NM[U]Rep.SolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation(VLto690,692,705)

DouglasL.Elkins, ExxonMobilChemicalCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

GeorgeW.Flach, GeorgeW.FlachConsultant,Incorporated,LA[SE]

ErnestJ.Gallo, TelcordiaTechnologies,Incorporated,NJ[U]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions(VLto445,480,690,692)

MichaelV.Glenn, LongviewFibreCompany,WA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

BanksHattaway, HattawayBrothers,Incorporated,AL[IM]Rep.AssociatedBuildersandContractors,Incorporated

TimothyD.Holleman, ACCorporation,NC[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

BarryN.Hornberger, PECOEnergyCompany,PA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

JohnR.Kovacik, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

KennethKrastins, PlugPower,Incorporated,NY[M]Rep.U.S.FuelCellCouncil(VLto690,692,705)

JamesS.Nasby, MasterControlSystems,Inc.,IL[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

StevenH.Pasternack, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,NY[RT]

ToddW.Stafford, NationalJointApprentice&TrainingCommittee,IBEWNJATC,TN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

LaVerneE.Stetson, Lincoln,NE[U]Rep.AmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineers

HerbertV.Whittall, ElectricalGeneratingSystemsAssociation,FL[M]Rep.ElectricalGeneratingSystemsAssociation

CopyrightNFPA

Alternates

DanielBatta,Jr., ConstellationGenerationGroup,LLC,MD[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toB.N.Hornberger)

SonyaM.Bird, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT](Alt.toJ.R.Kovacik)

RonB.Chilton, NorthCarolinaDepartmentofInsurance,NC[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toT.L.Baker)

BrianL.Crise, NIETC,OR[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toT.W.Stafford)

StevenJ.Fredette, UTCCells,LLC,CT[M]Rep.U.S.FuelCellCouncil(Alt.toK.Krastins)(VLto690,692,705)

RonaldH.Minter, Thomas&Betts,TN[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.S.Nasby)

DukeW.Schamel, CopperheadElectricInc,CA[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toT.D.Holleman)

RobertL.Simpson, SimpsonElectricalEngineeringCompany,GA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toM.V.Glenn)

RichardSobel, QuantumElectricCorporation,NY[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toT.H.Wood)

DaleA.Triffo, ShellOilProductsUS,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toD.L.Elkins)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.14Articles500,501,502,503,504,505,506,510,511,513,514,515,516

DonaldR.Cook,ChairShelbyCountyBuildingInspections,AL[E]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

TroyBeall, B&DElectricCompany,Incorporated,NM[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

EdwardM.Briesch, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT]

AlEngler, EGSElectricalGroup,IL[M]Rep.InternationalSocietyforMeasurementandControl

MarkGoodman, JacobsEngineeringGroup,CA[U]Rep.AmericanPetroleumInstitute

GregoryD.Hall, BetterWayElectric,Incorporated,CO[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

JohnKatunar,III, GEGlobalAssetProtectionServices,MO[I]Rep.GEGlobalAssetProtectionServices

JosephH.Kuczka, KillarkElectricManufacturingCompany,MO[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

WilliamG.Lawrence,Jr., FMGlobal,MA[I]Rep.FMGlobal/FMResearch

JeremyNeagle, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,NY[RT]

MikeOMeara, ArizonaPublicServiceCompany,AZ[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

DavidB.Wechsler, TheDowChemicalCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

JamesA.Weldon, IBEWLocalUnion728,FL[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

MarkC.Wirfs, R&WEngineeringIncorporated,OR[U]Rep.GrainElevatorandProcessingSociety

DonaldW.Zipse, ZipseElectricalEngineeringIncorporated,PA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

Alternates

A.W.Ballard, CrouseHinds,NY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.H.Kuczka)

CopyrightNFPA

MarcJ.Bernsen, SouthwesternIdahoElectricalJATC,ID[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toJ.A.Weldon)

MarkW.Bonk, CargillIncorporated,MN[U]Rep.GrainElevatorandProcessingSociety(Alt.toM.C.Wirfs)

GiovanniHummelBorges, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,Brasil[RT](Alt.toE.M.Briesch)

JamesD.Cospolich, WaldemarS.Nelson&CompanyIncorporated,LA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toD.W.Zipse)

LarryE.Fuhrman, CityofTitusville,FL[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toD.R.Cook)

NicholasP.Ludlam, FMGlobal,MA[I]Rep.FMGlobal/FMResearch(Alt.toW.G.Lawrence,Jr.)

MichaelE.McNeil, FMCCorporation/BioPolymer,ME[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil(Alt.toD.B.Wechsler)

TedH.Schnaare, RosemountIncorporated,MN[M]Rep.InternationalSocietyforMeasurementandControl(Alt.toA.Engler)

FrancisM.Stone,Jr., ShellExplorationandProductionCompany,TX[U]Rep.AmericanPetroleumInstitute(Alt.toM.Goodman)

Nonvoting

EduardoN.Solano, EstudioIngenieroSolanoS.A.,Argentina[SE]

FredK.Walker, U.S.AirForce,FL[U]Rep.TConAirportFacilities

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.15Articles517,518,520,525,530,540

DonaldJ.Talka,ChairUnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

CopyrightNFPA

JamesR.Duncan, SparlingElectricalEngineering,WA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

TomDunn, ButlerAmusements,CA[U]Rep.OutdoorAmusementBusinessAssociation,Incorporated(VLto525)

DouglasS.Erickson, AmericanSocietyforHealthcareEngineering,VirginIslands[U]Rep.AmericanSocietyforHealthcareEngineering

MichaelB.Klein, MetropolitanEngineering,Incorporated,DC[IM]Rep.IlluminatingEngineeringSocietyofNorthAmerica(VLto518,520,525,530,540)

EdwinS.Kramer, RadioCityMusicHall,NY[L]Rep.InternationalAllianceofTheatricalStageEmployees(VLto518,520,525,530,540)

LarryLau, U.S.DepartmentofVeteransAffairs,DC[U](VLto517,518)

DennisW.Marshall, TAGElectricCompanies,TX[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

EugeneE.Morgan, CountyofClackamas,Oregon,OR[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

HughO.Nash,Jr., NashLipseyBurch,LLC,TN[SE]Rep.TConElectricalSystems

BruceD.Shelly, ShellyElectricCompany,Inc.,PA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

DonaldJ.Sherratt, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,MA[RT]

MichaelD.Skinner, CBSStudioCenter,CA[U]Rep.AllianceofMotionPictureandTelevisionProducers(VLto518,520,525,530,540)

RichardH.Smith, OG&EElectricServices,OK[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

KennethE.Vannice, LevitonManufacturingCompanyIncorporated,OR[M]Rep.U.S.InstituteforTheatreTechnology(VLto518,520,525,530,540)

CopyrightNFPA

MichaelVelvikis, HighVoltageMaintenanceCorporation,WI[IM]Rep.InterNationalElectricalTestingAssociationIncorporated

AndrewWhite, IBEWLocalUnion3,NY[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

JamesL.Wiseman, SquareDCompany,TN[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

Alternates

JamesR.Cook, IBEWLocalUnion364,IL[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toA.White)

MatthewB.Dozier, IDesignServices,TN[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toJ.R.Duncan)

SamuelB.Friedman, BICCGeneralCableCorporation,RI[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.L.Wiseman)

DaleA.Hallerberg, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toD.J.Talka)

MitchellK.Hefter, EntertainmentTechnology,TX[IM]Rep.IlluminatingEngineeringSocietyofNorthAmerica(Alt.toM.B.Klein)(VLto518,520,525,530,540))

StanleyD.Kahn, TriCityElectricCompany,Incorporated,CA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toB.D.Shelly)

MalindaJoyceSampson, MinnesotaElectricityBoard,MN[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toE.E.Morgan)

JamesC.Seabury,III, EnterpriseElectric,LLC,TN[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toD.W.Marshall)

StevenR.Terry, ElectronicTheatreControlsIncorporated,NY[M]Rep.U.S.InstituteforTheatreTechnology(Alt.toK.E.Vannice)(VLto518,520,525,530,540)

CopyrightNFPA

RodneyM.Young, DetroitEdisonCompany,MI[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toR.H.Smith)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.16Articles770,800,810,820,830

StanleyD.Kahn,ChairTriCityElectricCompany,Incorporated,CA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

J.RobertBoyer, EdwardsSystemsTechnology,Incorporated,NJ[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

JamesE.Brunssen, Telcordia,NJ[U]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions

LarryChan, CityofNewOrleans,LA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

GeraldLeeDorna, BeldenWire&Cable,IN[M]Rep.InsulatedCableEngineersAssociationIncorporated

RolandW.Gubisch, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,MA[RT]

RobertL.Hughes, TheDuPontCompany,TN[U]Rep.AmericanChemistryCouncil

RobertW.Jensen, dbiTelecommunicationInfrastructureDesign,TX[M]Rep.BuildingIndustryConsultingServicesInternational

StevenC.Johnson, TimeWarnerCable,NC[UT]Rep.NationalCable&TelecommunicationsAssociation

RonaldG.Jones, RonaldG.Jones,P.E.,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

Barrett(Barry)Kalian, UnderwritersLaboratoriesofCanada,ON,Canada[RT]

HaroldC.Ohde, IBEW/NECATechnicalInstitute,IL[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

JosephW.Rao, R.A.O.ElectricCompany,FL[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

JamesW.Romlein, MVLabsLLC,WI[M]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.TelecommunicationsIndustryAssociation

KyleE.Todd, EntergyCorporation,TX[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

Alternates

AlanAmato, TimesFiberCommunications,Incorporated,CT[UT]Rep.NationalCable&TelecommunicationsAssociation(Alt.toS.C.Johnson)

DonnaBallast, UniversityofTexasatAustin,TX[M]Rep.BuildingIndustryConsultingServicesInternational(Alt.toR.W.Jensen)

ChrysanthosChrysanthou, TelcordiaTechnologies/SAIC,NJ[U]Rep.AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions(Alt.toJ.E.Brunssen)

TerryC.Coleman, NationalJointApprentice&TrainingCommittee,TN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toH.C.Ohde)

WilliamK.Hopple, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell,CA[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toJ.R.Boyer)

Dr.StanleyKaufman, CableSafe/OFS,GA[M]Rep.InsulatedCableEngineersAssociationIncorporated(Alt.toG.L.Dorna)

RobertW.McCourt, PublicServiceElectricandGasCompany,NJ[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toK.E.Todd)

WilliamJ.McCoy, VerizonWireless,TX[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toR.G.Jones)

RobertP.McGann, CityofCambridge,MA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toL.Chan)

W.DouglasPirkle, PirkleElectricCompany,Incorporated,GA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toS.D.Kahn)

LuigiG.Prezioso, M.C.Dean,Incorporated,VA[IM]

CopyrightNFPA

Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toJ.W.Rao)

BradleyC.Rowe, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toB.Kalian)

Nonvoting

IrvingMande, Westport,CT[M]

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.17Articles422,424,426,427,680,682

DonW.Jhonson,ChairInteriorElectric,Incorporated,FL[IM]

Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

RichardJ.Cripps, AssociationofHomeApplianceManufacturers,DC[M]Rep.AssociationofHomeApplianceManufacturers(VLto422,424)

BillHanthorn, TycoThermalControls,ON,Canada[M]Rep.CopperDevelopmentAssociation,Incorporated

BruceR.Hirsch, BaltimoreGas&ElectricCompany,MD[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

ChristopherT.Hutchings, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,CA[RT]

WalterKoessel, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,MO[RT]

RobertM.Milatovich, ClarkCountyBuildingDepartment,NV[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

MarcosRamirez, HatfieldReynoldsElectricCompany,AZ[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

BrianE.Rock, HubbellIncorporated,CT[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

AnthonyP.Sardina, UTCCarrierCorporation,NY[M]Rep.AirConditioningandRefrigerationInstitute(VLto422,424)

LeeL.West, BalboaInstruments,Incorporated,CA[M]Rep.NationalSpaandPoolInstitute(VLto680)

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RandyJ.Yasenchak, IBEWLocalUnion607,PA[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

RobertM.Yurkanin, ElectranProcessInternationalIncorporated,NJ[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

Alternates

DennisL.Baker, Springs&SonsElectricalContractorsIncorporated,AZ[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toM.Ramirez)

MarkR.Berner, PPLElectricUtilitiesCorporation,PA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toB.R.Hirsch)

J.RonCaccamese, NathanElectricCompany,LTD.,TX[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toR.J.Yasenchak)

AaronB.Chase, LevitonManufacturingCompany,Incorporated,NY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toB.E.Rock)

PaulCrivell, KennedyJenksConsultants,WA[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated(Alt.toR.M.Yurkanin)

JamesE.Maldonado, CityofTempe,AZ[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toR.M.Milatovich)

CannonSun, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,Taiwan[RT](Alt.toC.T.Hutchings)

D.HaroldWare, LibraElectricCompany,OK[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toD.W.Jhonson)

RobertE.Wisenburg, CoatesHeaterCompany,Incorporated,WA[M]Rep.NationalSpaandPoolInstitute(Alt.toL.L.West)(VLto680)

Nonvoting

WilliamH.King,Jr., U.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,MD[C](Alt.toA.M.Trotta)

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AndrewM.Trotta, U.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,MD[C]

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.18Articles406,410,411,600,605

MichaelN.Ber,ChairIEC,Houston,TX[IM]

Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

PaulCostello, NECAandIBEWLocal90JATC,CT[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

KennethA.Fetzer, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NC[RT]

StephenG.Kieffer, Kieffer&Company,Incorporated,WI[M]Rep.InternationalSignAssociation(VLto600)

StevenA.Larson, BWXTY12,LLC,TN[U]Rep.InstituteofElectrical&ElectronicsEngineers,Incorporated

MichaelS.OBoyle, GenlyteThomasGroup,MA[M]Rep.AmericanLightingAssociation(VLto410,411)

TimothyS.Owens, CityofSanDiego,CA[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

JimF.Pierce, IntertekTestingServicesNA,Incorporated,OR[RT]

SaulRosenbaum, LevitonManufacturingCompanyIncorporated,NY[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

MichaelW.Smith, GuaranteeElectricalCompany,MO[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

CarlTimWall, AlabamaPowerCompany,AL[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

JackWells, Pass&Seymour/Legrand,NY[M]

Alternates

RobertT.Carlock, R.T.CarlockCompany,TN[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toM.N.Ber)

FrederickL.Carpenter, LithoniaLighting,GA[M]

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Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toS.Rosenbaum)

AmosD.Lowrance,Jr., CityofChattanooga,Tennessee,TN[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toT.S.Owens)

RonaldMichaelis, SouthBendVicinityElectricalJATC,IN[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toP.Costello)

ChristopherP.ONeil, NationalGridUSAServiceCompany,MA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toC.T.Wall)

AlanM.Smith, France/ScottFetzerCompany,TN[M]Rep.InternationalSignAssociation(Alt.toS.G.Kieffer)(VLto600)

RachnaStegall, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toK.A.Fetzer)

CharlesM.Trout, MaronElectricCompany,FL[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation(Alt.toM.W.Smith)

CODEMAKINGPANELNO.19Articles545,547,550,551,552,553,555,604,675,AnnexD,ExamplesD11andD12

RobertA.McCullough,ChairOceanCountyConstructionInspectionDepartment,NJ[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors

BarryBauman, AlliantEnergy,WI[U]Rep.AmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineers

JamesW.Finch, KampgroundsofAmerica,Incorporated,MT[U](VLto550,551,552,555)

BruceA.Hopkins, RecreationVehicleIndustryAssociation,VA[M]Rep.RecreationVehicleIndustryAssociation(VLto550,551,552)

RobertL.LaRocca, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,NY[RT]

TimothyP.McNeive, Thomas&BettsCorporation,TN[M]

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Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation

JohnMikel, SkylineCorporation,IN[M]Rep.ManufacturedHousingInstitute(VLto550,551,552)

TugL.Miller, NationalAssociationofRVParks&Campgrounds,CA[U]Rep.NationalAssociationofRVParks&Campgrounds(VLto550,551,552)

LeslieSabinMercado, SanDiegoGas&ElectricCompany,CA[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI

WilliamJ.Tipton, IBEWLocalUnion575,OH[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers

KennethWeakley, MountainElectric,Incorporated,CA[IM]Rep.NationalElectricalContractorsAssociation

WilliamA.Zanicchi, AAACertifiedElectricIncorporated,FL[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated

MichaelL.Zieman, RADCO,CA[RT](VLto545,550,551,552)

Alternates

GlennH.Ankenbrand, ConectivPower,MD[UT]Rep.ElectricLight&PowerGroup/EEI(Alt.toL.SabinMercado)

StevenJ.Blais, EGSElectricalGroup,IL[M]Rep.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(Alt.toT.P.McNeive)

MonteR.Ewing, WisconsinDepartmentofCommerce,WI[E]Rep.InternationalAssociationofElectricalInspectors(Alt.toR.A.McCullough)

ThomasR.Lichtenstein, UnderwritersLaboratoriesIncorporated,IL[RT](Alt.toR.L.LaRocca)

LindaJ.Little, IBEWLocalUnion1,MO[L]Rep.InternationalBrotherhoodofElectricalWorkers(Alt.toW.J.Tipton)

SuzanneMark, NationalAssociationofRVParks&Campgrounds,VA[U]Rep.NationalAssociationofRVParks&Campgrounds

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(Alt.toT.L.Miller)(VLto550,551,552)

N.KentMorgan, ACCorporation,NC[IM]Rep.IndependentElectricalContractors,Incorporated(Alt.toW.A.Zanicchi)

KentPerkins, RecreationVehicleIndustryAssociation,VA[M]Rep.RecreationVehicleIndustryAssociation(Alt.toB.A.Hopkins)(VLto550,551,552)

JohnG.Sims, NTAIncorporated,IN[M]Rep.ManufacturedHousingInstitute(Alt.toJ.Mikel)(VLto550,551,552)

KeithG.Tinsey, MichiganStateUniversity,MI[U]Rep.AmericanSocietyofAgriculturalEngineers(Alt.toB.Bauman)

RaymondF.Tucker, ConsultingProfessionalEngineer,CA[RT](Alt.toM.L.Zieman)(VLto545,550,551,552)

NFPAElectricalEngineeringDivisionTechnicalStaff

MarkW.Earley, AssistantVicePresident/ChiefElectricalEngineer

KennethG.Mastrullo, SeniorElectricalSpecialist

JeanA.O'Connor, ElectricalProjectSpecialist/SupportSupervisor

LeeF.Richardson, SeniorElectricalEngineer

RichardJ.Roux, SeniorElectricalSpecialist

JeffreyS.Sargent, SeniorElectricalSpecialist

JosephV.Sheehan, PrincipalElectricalEngineer

DonaldW.Shields, SeniorElectricalSpecialist

NFPAStaffEditor

JoyceG.Grandy,SeniorProjectEditor

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Note:MembershiponacommitteeshallnotinandofitselfconstituteanendorsementoftheAssociationoranydocumentdevelopedbytheCommitteeonwhichthememberserves.

CommitteeScope:ThisCommitteeshallhaveprimaryresponsibilityfordocumentsonminimizingtheriskofelectricityasasourceofelectricshockandasapotentialignitionsourceoffiresandexplosions.Itshallalsoberesponsiblefortexttominimizethepropagationoffireandexplosionsduetoelectricalinstallations.

NFPA70NationalElectricalCode

2005Edition

IMPORTANTNOTE:ThisNFPAdocumentismadeavailableforusesubjecttoimportantnoticesandlegaldisclaimers.ThesenoticesanddisclaimersappearinallpublicationscontainingthisdocumentandmaybefoundundertheheadingImportantNoticesandDisclaimersConcerningNFPADocuments.TheycanalsobeobtainedonrequestfromNFPAorviewedatwww.nfpa.org/disclaimers.

ARTICLE90Introduction

90.1Purpose.

(A)PracticalSafeguarding.ThepurposeofthisCodeisthepracticalsafeguardingofpersonsandpropertyfromhazardsarisingfromtheuseofelectricity.

(B)Adequacy.ThisCodecontainsprovisionsthatareconsiderednecessaryforsafety.Compliancetherewithandpropermaintenanceresultsinaninstallationthatisessentiallyfreefromhazardbutnotnecessarilyefficient,convenient,oradequateforgoodserviceorfutureexpansionofelectricaluse.

FPN:HazardsoftenoccurbecauseofoverloadingofwiringsystemsbymethodsorusagenotinconformitywiththisCode.Thisoccursbecauseinitialwiringdidnotprovideforincreasesintheuseofelectricity.Aninitialadequateinstallationandreasonableprovisionsforsystemchangesprovideforfutureincreasesintheuseofelectricity.

(C)Intention.ThisCodeisnotintendedasadesignspecificationoraninstructionmanualforuntrainedpersons.

(D)RelationtoOtherInternationalStandards.TherequirementsinthisCodeaddressthefundamentalprinciplesofprotectionforsafetycontainedinSection131ofInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionStandard603641,ElectricalInstallationsofBuildings.

FPN:IEC603641,Section131,containsfundamentalprinciplesofprotectionforsafetythatencompassprotectionagainstelectricshock,protectionagainstthermaleffects,protectionagainstovercurrent,protectionagainstfaultcurrents,andprotectionagainstovervoltage.AllofthesepotentialhazardsareaddressedbytherequirementsinthisCode.

90.2Scope.

(A)Covered.ThisCodecoverstheinstallationofelectricalconductors,equipment,andracewayssignalingandcommunicationsconductors,equipment,andracewaysandoptical

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fibercablesandracewaysforthefollowing:

(1) Publicandprivatepremises,includingbuildings,structures,mobilehomes,recreationalvehicles,andfloatingbuildings

(2) Yards,lots,parkinglots,carnivals,andindustrialsubstations

FPNto(2):Foradditionalinformationconcerningsuchinstallationsinanindustrialormultibuildingcomplex,seeANSIC22002,NationalElectricalSafetyCode.

(3) Installationsofconductorsandequipmentthatconnecttothesupplyofelectricity

(4) Installationsusedbytheelectricutility,suchasofficebuildings,warehouses,garages,machineshops,andrecreationalbuildings,thatarenotanintegralpartofageneratingplant,substation,orcontrolcenter.

(B)NotCovered.ThisCodedoesnotcoverthefollowing:

(1) Installationsinships,watercraftotherthanfloatingbuildings,railwayrollingstock,aircraft,orautomotivevehiclesotherthanmobilehomesandrecreationalvehicles

FPN:AlthoughthescopeofthisCodeindicatesthatthe Codedoesnotcoverinstallationsinships,portionsofthisCodeareincorporatedbyreferenceintoTitle46,CodeofFederalRegulations,Parts110113.

(2) Installationsundergroundinminesandselfpropelledmobilesurfaceminingmachineryanditsattendantelectricaltrailingcable

(3) Installationsofrailwaysforgeneration,transformation,transmission,ordistributionofpowerusedexclusivelyforoperationofrollingstockorinstallationsusedexclusivelyforsignalingandcommunicationspurposes

(4) Installationsofcommunicationsequipmentundertheexclusivecontrolofcommunicationsutilitieslocatedoutdoorsorinbuildingspacesusedexclusivelyforsuchinstallations

(5) Installationsundertheexclusivecontrolofanelectricutilitywheresuchinstallations

a. Consistofservicedropsorservicelaterals,andassociatedmetering,or

b. Arelocatedinlegallyestablishedeasements,rightsofway,orbyotheragreementseitherdesignatedbyorrecognizedbypublicservicecommissions,utilitycommissions,orotherregulatoryagencieshavingjurisdictionforsuchinstallations,or

c. Areonpropertyownedorleasedbytheelectricutilityforthepurposeofcommunications,metering,generation,control,transformation,transmission,ordistributionofelectricenergy.

FPNto(4)and(5): Examplesofutilitiesmayincludethoseentitiesthataretypicallydesignatedorrecognizedbygovernmentallaworregulationbypublicservice/utilitycommissionsandthatinstall,operate,andmaintainelectricsupply(suchasgeneration,transmission,ordistributionsystems)orcommunicationsystems(suchastelephone,CATV,Internet,satellite,ordataservices).Utilitiesmaybesubjecttocompliancewithcodesandstandardscoveringtheirregulatedactivitiesasadoptedundergovernmentallaworregulation.Additionalinformationcanbefoundthroughconsultationwiththe

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appropriategovernmentalbodies,suchasstateregulatorycommissions,FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,andFederalCommunicationsCommission.

(C)SpecialPermission.TheauthorityhavingjurisdictionforenforcingthisCodemaygrantexceptionfortheinstallationofconductorsandequipmentthatarenotundertheexclusivecontroloftheelectricutilitiesandareusedtoconnecttheelectricutilitysupplysystemtotheserviceentranceconductorsofthepremisesserved,providedsuchinstallationsareoutsideabuildingorterminateimmediatelyinsideabuildingwall.

90.3CodeArrangement.

ThisCodeisdividedintotheintroductionandninechapters,asshownin Figure90.3.Chapters1,2,3,and4applygenerallyChapters5,6,and7applytospecialoccupancies,specialequipment,orotherspecialconditions.Theselatterchapterssupplementormodifythegeneralrules.Chapters1through 4applyexceptasamendedbyChapters5,6,and7fortheparticularconditions.

Chapter8coverscommunicationssystemsandisnotsubjecttotherequirementsofChapters1through 7exceptwheretherequirementsarespecificallyreferencedinChapter8.

Chapter9consistsoftables.

AnnexesarenotpartoftherequirementsofthisCodebutareincludedforinformationalpurposesonly.

Figure90.3CodeArrangement.

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90.4Enforcement.

ThisCodeisintendedtobesuitableformandatoryapplicationbygovernmentalbodiesthatexerciselegaljurisdictionoverelectricalinstallations,includingsignalingandcommunicationssystems,andforusebyinsuranceinspectors.TheauthorityhavingjurisdictionforenforcementoftheCodehastheresponsibilityformakinginterpretationsoftherules,fordecidingontheapprovalofequipmentandmaterials,andforgrantingthespecialpermissioncontemplatedinanumberoftherules.

Byspecialpermission,theauthorityhavingjurisdictionmaywaivespecificrequirementsinthisCodeorpermitalternativemethodswhereitisassuredthatequivalentobjectivescanbeachievedbyestablishingandmaintainingeffectivesafety.

ThisCodemayrequirenewproducts,constructions,ormaterialsthatmaynotyetbeavailableatthetimetheCodeisadopted.Insuchevent,theauthorityhavingjurisdictionmaypermittheuseoftheproducts,constructions,ormaterialsthatcomplywith themostrecentpreviouseditionofthisCodeadoptedbythejurisdiction.

90.5MandatoryRules,PermissiveRules,andExplanatoryMaterial.

(A)MandatoryRules.MandatoryrulesofthisCodearethosethatidentifyactionsthatarespecificallyrequiredorprohibitedandarecharacterizedbytheuseofthetermsshallorshallnot.

(B)PermissiveRules.PermissiverulesofthisCodearethosethatidentifyactionsthatareallowedbutnotrequired,arenormallyusedtodescribeoptionsoralternativemethods,andarecharacterizedbytheuseofthetermsshallbepermittedorshallnotberequired.

(C)ExplanatoryMaterial.Explanatorymaterial,suchasreferencestootherstandards,referencestorelatedsectionsofthisCode,orinformationrelatedtoaCoderule,isincludedinthisCodeintheformoffineprintnotes(FPNs).FineprintnotesareinformationalonlyandarenotenforceableasrequirementsofthisCode.

BracketscontainingsectionreferencestoanotherNFPAdocumentareforinformationalpurposesonlyandareprovidedasaguidetoindicatethesourceoftheextractedtext.Thesebracketedreferencesimmediatelyfollowtheextractedtext.

FPN:TheformatandlanguageusedinthisCodefollowsguidelinesestablishedbyNFPAandpublishedinthe NECStyleManual.CopiesofthismanualcanbeobtainedfromNFPA.

90.6FormalInterpretations.

TopromoteuniformityofinterpretationandapplicationoftheprovisionsofthisCode,formalinterpretationprocedureshavebeenestablishedandarefoundintheNFPARegulationsGoverningCommitteeProjects.

90.7ExaminationofEquipmentforSafety.

ForspecificitemsofequipmentandmaterialsreferredtointhisCode,examinationsforsafetymadeunderstandardconditionsprovideabasisforapprovalwheretherecordismadegenerallyavailablethroughpromulgationbyorganizationsproperlyequippedandqualified

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forexperimentaltesting,inspectionsoftherunofgoodsatfactories,andservicevaluedeterminationthroughfieldinspections.Thisavoidsthenecessityforrepetitionofexaminationsbydifferentexaminers,frequentlywithinadequatefacilitiesforsuchwork,andtheconfusionthatwouldresultfromconflictingreportsonthesuitabilityofdevicesandmaterialsexaminedforagivenpurpose.

ItistheintentofthisCodethatfactoryinstalledinternalwiringortheconstructionofequipmentneednotbeinspectedatthetimeofinstallationoftheequipment,excepttodetectalterationsordamage,iftheequipmenthasbeenlistedbyaqualifiedelectricaltestinglaboratorythatisrecognizedashavingthefacilitiesdescribedintheprecedingparagraphandthatrequiressuitabilityforinstallationinaccordancewiththisCode.

FPNNo.1:Seerequirementsin110.3.

FPNNo.2:ListedisdefinedinArticle 100.

FPNNo.3:AnnexAcontainsaninformativelistofproductsafetystandardsforelectricalequipment.

90.8WiringPlanning.

(A)FutureExpansionandConvenience.Plansandspecificationsthatprovideamplespaceinraceways,spareraceways,andadditionalspacesallowforfutureincreasesinelectricpowerandcommunicationcircuits.Distributioncenterslocatedinreadilyaccessiblelocationsprovideconvenienceandsafetyofoperation.

(B)NumberofCircuitsinEnclosures.ItiselsewhereprovidedinthisCodethatthenumberofwiresandcircuitsconfinedinasingleenclosurebevaryinglyrestricted.Limitingthenumberofcircuitsinasingleenclosureminimizestheeffectsfromashortcircuitorgroundfaultinonecircuit.

90.9UnitsofMeasurement.

(A)MeasurementSystemofPreference.ForthepurposeofthisCode,metricunitsofmeasurementareinaccordancewiththemodernizedmetricsystemknownastheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI).

(B)DualSystemofUnits.SIunitsshallappearfirst,andinchpoundunitsshallimmediatelyfollowinparentheses.ConversionfrominchpoundunitstoSIunitsshallbebasedonhardconversionexceptasprovidedin 90.9(C).

(C)PermittedUsesofSoftConversion.Thecasesgivenin 90.9(C)(1)through(C)(4)shallnotberequiredtousehardconversionandshallbepermittedtousesoftconversion.

(1)TradeSizes.Wheretheactualmeasuredsizeofaproductisnotthesameasthenominalsize,tradesizedesignatorsshallbeusedratherthandimensions.Tradepracticesshallbefollowedinallcases.

(2)ExtractedMaterial.Wherematerialisextractedfromanotherstandard,thecontextoftheoriginalmaterialshallnotbecompromisedorviolated.AnyeditingoftheextractedtextshallbeconfinedtomakingthestyleconsistentwiththatoftheNEC.

(3)IndustryPractice.Whereindustrypracticeistoexpressunitsininchpoundunits,the

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inclusionofSIunitsshallnotberequired.

(4)Safety.Whereanegativeimpactonsafetywouldresult,softconversionshallbeused.

(D)Compliance.ConversionfrominchpoundunitstoSIunitsshallbepermittedtobeanapproximateconversion.CompliancewiththenumbersshownineithertheSIsystemortheinchpoundsystemshallconstitutecompliancewiththisCode.

FPNNo.1:Hardconversionisconsideredachangeindimensionsorpropertiesofanitemintonewsizesthatmightormightnotbeinterchangeablewiththesizesusedintheoriginalmeasurement.Softconversionisconsideredadirectmathematicalconversionandinvolvesachangeinthedescriptionofanexistingmeasurementbutnotintheactualdimension.

FPNNo.2:SIconversionsarebasedonIEEE/ASTMSI101997,StandardfortheUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetricSystem.

Chapter1General

ARTICLE100Definitions

Scope.ThisarticlecontainsonlythosedefinitionsessentialtotheproperapplicationofthisCode.Itisnotintendedtoincludecommonlydefinedgeneraltermsorcommonlydefinedtechnicaltermsfromrelatedcodesandstandards.Ingeneral,onlythosetermsthatareusedintwoormorearticlesaredefinedinArticle100.OtherdefinitionsareincludedinthearticleinwhichtheyareusedbutmaybereferencedinArticle100.

PartIofthisarticlecontainsdefinitionsintendedtoapplywhereverthetermsareusedthroughoutthisCode.PartIIcontainsdefinitionsapplicableonlytothepartsofarticlesspecificallycoveringinstallationsandequipmentoperatingatover600volts,nominal.

I.General

Accessible(asappliedtoequipment).Admittingcloseapproachnotguardedbylockeddoors,elevation,orothereffectivemeans.

Accessible(asappliedtowiringmethods).Capableofbeingremovedorexposedwithoutdamagingthebuildingstructureorfinishornotpermanentlyclosedinbythestructureorfinishofthebuilding.

Accessible,Readily(ReadilyAccessible).Capableofbeingreachedquicklyforoperation,renewal,orinspectionswithoutrequiringthosetowhomreadyaccessisrequisitetoclimboverorremoveobstaclesortoresorttoportableladders,andsoforth.

Ampacity.Thecurrent,inamperes,thataconductorcancarrycontinuouslyundertheconditionsofusewithoutexceedingitstemperaturerating.

Appliance.Utilizationequipment,generallyotherthanindustrial,thatisnormallybuiltinstandardizedsizesortypesandisinstalledorconnectedasaunittoperformoneormorefunctionssuchasclotheswashing,airconditioning,foodmixing,deepfrying,andsoforth.

Approved.Acceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction.

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Askarel.Agenerictermforagroupofnonflammablesyntheticchlorinatedhydrocarbonsusedaselectricalinsulatingmedia.Askarelsofvariouscompositionaltypesareused.Underarcingconditions,thegasesproduced,whileconsistingpredominantlyofnoncombustiblehydrogenchloride,canincludevaryingamountsofcombustiblegases,dependingontheaskareltype.

AttachmentPlug(PlugCap)(Plug).Adevicethat,byinsertioninareceptacle,establishesaconnectionbetweentheconductorsoftheattachedflexiblecordandtheconductorsconnectedpermanentlytothereceptacle.

AuthorityHavingJurisdiction(AHJ).Theorganization,office,orindividualresponsibleforapprovingequipment,materials,aninstallation,oraprocedure.

FPN:ThephraseauthorityhavingjurisdictionisusedinNFPAdocumentsinabroadmanner,sincejurisdictionsandapprovalagenciesvary,asdotheirresponsibilities.Wherepublicsafetyisprimary,theAHJmaybeafederal,state,local,orotherregionaldepartmentorindividualsuchasafirechieffiremarshalchiefofafirepreventionbureau,labordepartment,orhealthdepartmentbuildingofficialelectricalinspectororothershavingstatutoryauthority.Forinsurancepurposes,aninsurance inspectiondepartment,ratingbureau,orotherinsurancecompanyrepresentativemaybetheAHJ.Inmanycircumstances,thepropertyownerorhisorherdesignatedagentassumestheroleoftheAHJatgovernmentinstallations,thecommandingofficerordepartmentalofficialmaybetheAHJ.

Automatic.Selfacting,operatingbyitsownmechanismwhenactuatedbysomeimpersonalinfluence,as,forexample,achangeincurrent,pressure,temperature,ormechanicalconfiguration.

Bathroom.Anareaincludingabasinwithoneormoreofthefollowing:atoilet,atub,orashower.

Bonding(Bonded).Thepermanentjoiningofmetallicpartstoformanelectricallyconductivepaththatensureselectricalcontinuityandthecapacitytoconductsafelyanycurrentlikelytobeimposed.

BondingJumper.Areliableconductortoensuretherequiredelectricalconductivitybetweenmetalpartsrequiredtobeelectricallyconnected.

BondingJumper,Equipment.Theconnectionbetweentwoormoreportionsoftheequipmentgroundingconductor.

BondingJumper,Main.Theconnectionbetweenthegroundedcircuitconductorandtheequipmentgroundingconductorattheservice.

BondingJumper,System.Theconnectionbetweenthegroundedcircuitconductorandtheequipmentgroundingconductorataseparatelyderivedsystem.

BranchCircuit.Thecircuitconductorsbetweenthefinalovercurrentdeviceprotectingthecircuitandtheoutlet(s).

BranchCircuit,Appliance.Abranchcircuitthatsuppliesenergytooneormoreoutletstowhichappliancesaretobeconnectedandthathasnopermanentlyconnectedluminaires(lightingfixtures)thatarenotapartofanappliance.

BranchCircuit,GeneralPurpose.Abranchcircuitthatsuppliestwoormorereceptacles

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oroutletsforlightingandappliances.

BranchCircuit,Individual.Abranchcircuitthatsuppliesonlyoneutilizationequipment.

BranchCircuit,Multiwire.Abranchcircuitthatconsistsoftwoormoreungroundedconductorsthathaveavoltagebetweenthem,andagroundedconductorthathasequalvoltagebetweenitandeachungroundedconductorofthecircuitandthatisconnectedtotheneutralorgroundedconductorofthesystem.

Building.Astructurethatstandsaloneorthatiscutofffromadjoiningstructuresbyfirewallswithallopeningsthereinprotectedbyapprovedfiredoors.

Cabinet.Anenclosurethatisdesignedforeithersurfacemountingorflushmountingandisprovidedwithaframe,mat,ortriminwhichaswingingdoorordoorsareorcanbehung.

CircuitBreaker.Adevicedesignedtoopenandcloseacircuitbynonautomaticmeansandtoopenthecircuitautomaticallyonapredeterminedovercurrentwithoutdamagetoitselfwhenproperlyappliedwithinitsrating.

FPN:Theautomaticopeningmeanscanbeintegral,directactingwiththecircuitbreaker,orremotefromthecircuitbreaker.

Adjustable(asappliedtocircuitbreakers).Aqualifyingtermindicatingthatthecircuitbreakercanbesettotripatvariousvaluesofcurrent,time,orboth,withinapredeterminedrange.

InstantaneousTrip(asappliedtocircuitbreakers). Aqualifyingtermindicatingthatnodelayispurposelyintroducedinthetrippingactionofthecircuitbreaker.

InverseTime(asappliedtocircuitbreakers).Aqualifyingtermindicatingthatthereispurposelyintroducedadelayinthetrippingactionofthecircuitbreaker,whichdelaydecreasesasthemagnitudeofthecurrentincreases.

Nonadjustable(asappliedtocircuitbreakers). Aqualifyingtermindicatingthatthecircuitbreakerdoesnothaveanyadjustmenttoalterthevalueofcurrentatwhichitwilltriporthetimerequiredforitsoperation.

Setting(ofcircuitbreakers).Thevalueofcurrent,time,orboth,atwhichanadjustablecircuitbreakerissettotrip.

Concealed.Renderedinaccessiblebythestructureorfinishofthebuilding.Wiresinconcealedracewaysareconsideredconcealed,eventhoughtheymaybecomeaccessiblebywithdrawingthem.

Conductor,Bare.Aconductorhavingnocoveringorelectricalinsulationwhatsoever.

Conductor,Covered.AconductorencasedwithinmaterialofcompositionorthicknessthatisnotrecognizedbythisCodeaselectricalinsulation.

Conductor,Insulated.AconductorencasedwithinmaterialofcompositionandthicknessthatisrecognizedbythisCodeaselectricalinsulation.

ConduitBody.Aseparateportionofaconduitortubingsystemthatprovidesaccessthrougharemovablecover(s)totheinteriorofthesystematajunctionoftwoormoresectionsofthesystemorataterminalpointofthesystem.

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BoxessuchasFSandFDorlargercastorsheetmetalboxesarenotclassifiedasconduitbodies.

Connector,Pressure(Solderless).Adevicethatestablishesaconnectionbetweentwoormoreconductorsorbetweenoneormoreconductorsandaterminalbymeansofmechanicalpressureandwithouttheuseofsolder.

ContinuousLoad.Aloadwherethemaximumcurrentisexpectedtocontinuefor3hoursormore.

Controller.Adeviceorgroupofdevicesthatservestogovern,insomepredeterminedmanner,theelectricpowerdeliveredtotheapparatustowhichitisconnected.

CookingUnit,CounterMounted.Acookingappliancedesignedformountinginoronacounterandconsistingofoneormoreheatingelements,internalwiring,andbuiltinormountablecontrols.

Coordination(Selective).Localizationofanovercurrentconditiontorestrictoutagestothecircuitorequipmentaffected,accomplishedbythechoiceofovercurrentprotectivedevicesandtheirratingsorsettings.

CopperCladAluminumConductors.Conductorsdrawnfromacoppercladaluminumrodwiththecoppermetallurgicallybondedtoanaluminumcore.Thecopperformsaminimumof10percentofthecrosssectionalareaofasolidconductororeachstrandofastrandedconductor.

CutoutBox.Anenclosuredesignedforsurfacemountingthathasswingingdoorsorcoverssecureddirectlytoandtelescopingwiththewallsoftheboxproper.

DeadFront.Withoutlivepartsexposedtoapersonontheoperatingsideoftheequipment.

DemandFactor.Theratioofthemaximumdemandofasystem,orpartofasystem,tothetotalconnectedloadofasystemorthepartofthesystemunderconsideration.

Device.Aunitofanelectricalsystemthatisintendedtocarryorcontrolbutnotutilizeelectricenergy.

DisconnectingMeans.Adevice,orgroupofdevices,orothermeansbywhichtheconductorsofacircuitcanbedisconnectedfromtheirsourceofsupply.

Dusttight.Constructedsothatdustwillnotentertheenclosingcaseunderspecifiedtestconditions.

Duty,Continuous.Operationatasubstantiallyconstantloadforanindefinitelylongtime.

Duty,Intermittent.Operationforalternateintervalsof(1)loadandnoloador(2)loadandrestor(3)load,noload,andrest.

Duty,Periodic.Intermittentoperationinwhichtheloadconditionsareregularlyrecurrent.

Duty,ShortTime.Operationatasubstantiallyconstantloadforashortanddefinite,specifiedtime.

Duty,Varying.Operationatloads,andforintervalsoftime,bothofwhichmaybesubject

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towidevariation.

DwellingUnit.Asingleunit,providingcompleteandindependentlivingfacilitiesforoneormorepersons,includingpermanentprovisionsforliving,sleeping,cooking,andsanitation.

Dwelling,OneFamily.Abuildingthatconsistssolelyofonedwellingunit.

Dwelling,TwoFamily.Abuildingthatconsistssolelyoftwodwellingunits.

Dwelling,Multifamily.Abuildingthatcontainsthreeormoredwellingunits.

ElectricSign.Afixed,stationary,orportableselfcontained,electricallyilluminatedutilizationequipmentwithwordsorsymbolsdesignedtoconveyinformationorattractattention.

Enclosed.Surroundedbyacase,housing,fence,orwall(s)thatpreventspersonsfromaccidentallycontactingenergizedparts.

Enclosure.Thecaseorhousingofapparatus,orthefenceorwallssurroundinganinstallationtopreventpersonnelfromaccidentallycontactingenergizedpartsortoprotecttheequipmentfromphysicaldamage.

FPN:See Table430.91forexamplesofenclosuretypes.

Energized.Electricallyconnectedto,oris,asourceofvoltage.

Equipment.Ageneraltermincludingmaterial,fittings,devices,appliances,luminaires(fixtures),apparatus,andthelikeusedasapartof,orinconnectionwith,anelectricalinstallation.

ExplosionproofApparatus.Apparatusenclosedinacasethatiscapableofwithstandinganexplosionofaspecifiedgasorvaporthatmayoccurwithinitandofpreventingtheignitionofaspecifiedgasorvaporsurroundingtheenclosurebysparks,flashes,orexplosionofthegasorvaporwithin,andthatoperatesatsuchanexternaltemperaturethatasurroundingflammableatmospherewillnotbeignitedthereby.

FPN:Forfurtherinformation,seeANSI/UL12031999,ExplosionProofandDustIgnitionProofElectricalEquipmentforUseinHazardous(Classified)Locations.

Exposed(asappliedtoliveparts).Capableofbeinginadvertentlytouchedorapproachednearerthanasafedistancebyaperson.Itisappliedtopartsthatarenotsuitablyguarded,isolated,orinsulated.

Exposed(asappliedtowiringmethods).Onorattachedtothesurfaceorbehindpanelsdesignedtoallowaccess.

ExternallyOperable.Capableofbeingoperatedwithoutexposingtheoperatortocontactwithliveparts.

Feeder.Allcircuitconductorsbetweentheserviceequipment,thesourceofaseparatelyderivedsystem,orotherpowersupplysourceandthefinalbranchcircuitovercurrentdevice.

FestoonLighting.Astringofoutdoorlightsthatissuspendedbetweentwopoints.

Fitting.Anaccessorysuchasalocknut,bushing,orotherpartofawiringsystemthatis

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intendedprimarilytoperformamechanicalratherthananelectricalfunction.

Garage.Abuildingorportionofabuildinginwhichoneormoreselfpropelledvehiclescanbekeptforuse,sale,storage,rental,repair,exhibition,ordemonstrationpurposes.

FPN:Forcommercialgarages,repairandstorage,seeArticle 511.

Ground.Aconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,betweenanelectricalcircuitorequipmentandtheearthortosomeconductingbodythatservesinplaceoftheearth.

Grounded.Connectedtoearthortosomeconductingbodythatservesinplaceoftheearth.

Grounded,Effectively.Intentionallyconnectedtoearththroughagroundconnectionorconnectionsofsufficientlylowimpedanceandhavingsufficientcurrentcarryingcapacitytopreventthebuildupofvoltagesthatmayresultinunduehazardstoconnectedequipmentortopersons.

Grounded,Solidly.Connectedtogroundwithoutinsertinganyresistororimpedancedevice.

GroundedConductor.Asystemorcircuitconductorthatisintentionallygrounded.

GroundFaultCircuitInterrupter(GFCI).AdeviceintendedfortheprotectionofpersonnelthatfunctionstodeenergizeacircuitorportionthereofwithinanestablishedperiodoftimewhenacurrenttogroundexceedsthevaluesestablishedforaClassA device.

FPN:ClassAgroundfaultcircuitinterrupterstripwhenthecurrenttogroundhasavalueintherangeof4mAto6mA.Forfurtherinformation,seeUL943,StandardforGroundFaultCircuitInterrupters.

GroundFaultProtectionofEquipment.Asystemintendedtoprovideprotectionofequipmentfromdamaginglinetogroundfaultcurrentsbyoperatingtocauseadisconnectingmeanstoopenallungroundedconductorsofthefaultedcircuit.Thisprotectionisprovidedatcurrentlevelslessthanthoserequiredtoprotectconductorsfromdamagethroughtheoperationofasupplycircuitovercurrentdevice.

GroundingConductor.Aconductorusedtoconnectequipmentorthegroundedcircuitofawiringsystemtoagroundingelectrodeorelectrodes.

GroundingConductor,Equipment.Theconductorusedtoconnectthenoncurrentcarryingmetalpartsofequipment,raceways,andotherenclosurestothesystemgroundedconductor,thegroundingelectrodeconductor,orboth,attheserviceequipmentoratthesourceofaseparatelyderivedsystem.

GroundingElectrode.Adevicethatestablishesanelectricalconnectiontotheearth.

GroundingElectrodeConductor.Theconductorusedtoconnectthegroundingelectrode(s)totheequipmentgroundingconductor,tothegroundedconductor,ortoboth,attheservice,ateachbuildingorstructurewheresuppliedbyafeeder(s)orbranchcircuit(s),oratthesourceofaseparatelyderivedsystem.

Guarded.Covered,shielded,fenced,enclosed,orotherwiseprotectedbymeansofsuitablecovers,casings,barriers,rails,screens,mats,orplatformstoremovethelikelihoodof

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approachorcontactbypersonsorobjectstoapointofdanger.

GuestRoom.Anaccommodationcombiningliving,sleeping,sanitary,andstoragefacilitieswithinacompartment.

GuestSuite.Anaccommodationwithtwoormorecontiguousroomscomprisingacompartment,withorwithoutdoorsbetweensuchrooms,thatprovidesliving,sleeping,sanitary,andstoragefacilities.

HandholeEnclosure.Anenclosureidentifiedforuseinundergroundsystems,providedwithanopenorclosedbottom,andsizedtoallowpersonneltoreachinto,butnotenter,forthepurposeofinstalling,operating,ormaintainingequipmentorwiringorboth.

Hoistway.Anyshaftway,hatchway,wellhole,orotherverticalopeningorspaceinwhichanelevatorordumbwaiterisdesignedtooperate.

Identified(asappliedtoequipment).Recognizableassuitableforthespecificpurpose,function,use,environment,application,andsoforth,wheredescribedinaparticularCoderequirement.

FPN:Someexamplesofwaystodeterminesuitabilityofequipmentforaspecificpurpose,environment,orapplicationincludeinvestigationsbyaqualifiedtestinglaboratory(listingandlabeling),aninspectionagency,orotherorganizationsconcernedwithproductevaluation.

InSightFrom(WithinSightFrom,WithinSight).WherethisCodespecifiesthatoneequipmentshallbeinsightfrom,withinsightfrom,orwithinsight,andsoforth,ofanotherequipment,thespecifiedequipmentistobevisibleandnotmorethan15m(50ft)distantfromtheother.

InterruptingRating.Thehighestcurrentatratedvoltagethatadeviceisintendedtointerruptunderstandardtestconditions.

FPN:Equipmentintendedtointerruptcurrentatotherthanfaultlevelsmayhaveitsinterruptingratingimpliedinotherratings,suchashorsepowerorlockedrotorcurrent.

Isolated(asappliedtolocation).Notreadilyaccessibletopersonsunlessspecialmeansforaccessareused.

Labeled.Equipmentormaterialstowhichhasbeenattachedalabel,symbol,orotheridentifyingmarkofanorganizationthatisacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionandconcernedwithproductevaluation,thatmaintainsperiodicinspectionofproductionoflabeledequipmentormaterials,andbywhoselabelingthemanufacturerindicatescompliancewithappropriatestandardsorperformanceinaspecifiedmanner.

LightingOutlet.Anoutletintendedforthedirectconnectionofalampholder,aluminaire(lightingfixture),orapendantcordterminatinginalampholder.

Listed.Equipment,materials,orservicesincludedinalistpublishedbyanorganizationthatisacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionandconcernedwithevaluationofproductsorservices,thatmaintainsperiodicinspectionofproductionoflistedequipmentormaterialsorperiodicevaluationofservices,andwhoselistingstatesthattheequipment,material,orserviceseithermeetsappropriatedesignatedstandardsorhasbeentestedandfoundsuitableforaspecifiedpurpose.

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FPN:Themeansforidentifyinglistedequipmentmayvaryforeachorganizationconcernedwithproductevaluation,someofwhichdonotrecognizeequipmentaslistedunlessitisalsolabeled.Useofthesystememployedbythelistingorganizationallowstheauthorityhavingjurisdictiontoidentifyalistedproduct.

LiveParts.Energizedconductivecomponents.

Location,Damp.Locationsprotectedfromweatherandnotsubjecttosaturationwithwaterorotherliquidsbutsubjecttomoderatedegreesofmoisture.Examplesofsuchlocationsincludepartiallyprotectedlocationsundercanopies,marquees,roofedopenporches,andlikelocations,andinteriorlocationssubjecttomoderatedegreesofmoisture,suchassomebasements,somebarns,andsomecoldstoragewarehouses.

Location,Dry.Alocationnotnormallysubjecttodampnessorwetness.Alocationclassifiedasdrymaybetemporarilysubjecttodampnessorwetness,asinthecaseofabuildingunderconstruction.

Location,Wet.Installationsundergroundorinconcreteslabsormasonryindirectcontactwiththeearthinlocationssubjecttosaturationwithwaterorotherliquids,suchasvehiclewashingareasandinunprotectedlocationsexposedtoweather.

Luminaire.Acompletelightingunitconsistingofalamporlampstogetherwiththepartsdesignedtodistributethelight,topositionandprotectthelampsandballast(whereapplicable),andtoconnectthelampstothepowersupply.

MetalEnclosedPowerSwitchgear.Aswitchgearassemblycompletelyenclosedonallsidesandtopwithsheetmetal(exceptforventilatingopeningsandinspectionwindows)containingprimarypowercircuitswitching,interruptingdevices,orboth,withbusesandconnections.Theassemblymayincludecontrolandauxiliarydevices.Accesstotheinterioroftheenclosureisprovidedbydoors,removablecovers,orboth.

MotorControlCenter.Anassemblyofoneormoreenclosedsectionshavingacommonpowerbusandprincipallycontainingmotorcontrolunits.

MultioutletAssembly.Atypeofsurface,flush,orfreestandingracewaydesignedtoholdconductorsandreceptacles,assembledinthefieldoratthefactory.

Nonautomatic.Actionrequiringpersonalinterventionforitscontrol.Asappliedtoanelectriccontroller,nonautomaticcontroldoesnotnecessarilyimplyamanualcontroller,butonlythatpersonalinterventionisnecessary.

NonlinearLoad. Aloadwherethewaveshapeofthesteadystatecurrentdoesnotfollowthewaveshapeoftheappliedvoltage.

FPN:Electronicequipment,electronic/electricdischargelighting,adjustablespeeddrivesystems,andsimilarequipmentmaybenonlinearloads.

Outlet.Apointonthewiringsystematwhichcurrentistakentosupplyutilizationequipment.

OutlineLighting.Anarrangementofincandescentlamps,electricdischargelighting,orotherelectricallypoweredlightsourcestooutlineorcallattentiontocertainfeaturessuchas

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theshapeofabuildingorthedecorationofawindow.

Overcurrent. Anycurrentinexcessoftheratedcurrentofequipmentortheampacityofaconductor.Itmayresultfromoverload,shortcircuit,orgroundfault.

FPN:Acurrentinexcessofratingmaybeaccommodatedbycertainequipmentandconductorsforagivensetofconditions.Therefore,therulesforovercurrentprotectionarespecificforparticularsituations.

Overload. Operationofequipmentinexcessofnormal,fullloadrating,orofaconductorinexcessofratedampacitythat,whenitpersistsforasufficientlengthoftime,wouldcausedamageordangerousoverheating.Afault,suchasashortcircuitorgroundfault,isnotanoverload.

Panelboard. Asinglepanelorgroupofpanelunitsdesignedforassemblyintheformofasinglepanel,includingbusesandautomaticovercurrentdevices,andequippedwithorwithoutswitchesforthecontroloflight,heat,orpowercircuitsdesignedtobeplacedinacabinetorcutoutboxplacedinoragainstawall,partition,orothersupportandaccessibleonlyfromthefront.

Plenum.Acompartmentorchambertowhichoneormoreairductsareconnectedandthatformspartoftheairdistributionsystem.

PowerOutlet. Anenclosedassemblythatmayincludereceptacles,circuitbreakers,fuseholders,fusedswitches,buses,andwatthourmetermountingmeansintendedtosupplyandcontrolpowertomobilehomes,recreationa