nguyen_ngoc_-_2005c282_-_mo_hinh_giam_sat_chuc_nang_dich_vu_lau_dai_dua_tren_zabbix

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG *

N

TT NGHIP I HCNGNH CNG NGH THNG TIN

M hnh gim st chc nng dch v lu di (persistent service function monitoring) da trn phn mm ngun m Zabbix

Sinh vin thc hin : Nguyn Ngc Lp: Truyn thng v mng my tnh K50 Gio vin hng dn: TS. H Quc Trung

H NI 5-2010

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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PHIU GIAO NHIM V N TT NGHIP1. Thng tin v sinh vin H v tn sinh vin: Nguyn Ngc in thoi lin lc: 0934249601 Email: [email protected] Lp: truyn thng v mng my tnh H o to: i hc chnh quy n tt nghip c thc hin ti: trung tm mng thng tin, trng i hc Bch Khoa Thi gian lm ATN: T ngy 21/02/2010 n 20/05/2010 2. Mc ch ni dung ca ATN: - Tm hiu cc cng ngh qun tr mng v p dng phn mm qun tr mng m ngun m vo h thng sn c. - Nghin cu cc m hnh qun tr mng ph bin, rt ra cc u nhc im ca tng m hnh a vo m hnh p dng. - xut phng n th nghim kim tra tnh sn sng chc nng ca 1 s dch v mng - Rt ra kt lun v a ra hng pht trin ca m hnh ng dng Zabbix. 3. Cc nhim v c th ca ATN - Tm hiu cc m hnh qun tr mng, giao thc SNMP - Trin khai ci t v cu hnh Zabbix trn nn h iu hnh ngun m - ng dng Zabbix vo cng vic qun tr mng - Xy dng modul qut dch v thng qua cng tng ng - Xy dng modul kim tra hot ng ca cc dch v . 4. Li cam oan ca sinh vin: Ti - Nguyn Ngc - cam kt ATN l cng trnh nghin cu ca bn thn ti di s hng dn ca TS H Quc Trung. Cc kt qu nu trong ATN l trung thc, khng phi l sao chp ton vn ca bt k cng trnh no khc. H Ni, ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2010 Tc gi ATN

H v tn sinh vin


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5. Xc nhn ca gio vin hng dn v mc hon thnh ca ATN v cho php bo v:

H Ni, ngy thng nm Gio vin hng dn

TS H Quc Trung


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TM TT NI DUNG N TT NGHIP Ni dung n gm 5 phn chnh: 1. Tng quan Nu s lc khi nim qun tr h thng Gii thiu v giao thc SNMP trong qun tr h thng v mng 2. Cng ngh qun tr mng Ni v 1 s m hnh qun tr mng ni ting trn th gii nh m hnh ca Microsoft, Cisco, IBM M hnh ca phn mm ngun m, c th l Zabbix v Nagios trong qun tr h thng. 3. M hnh phn mm qun tr mng m ngun m Zabbix Gii thiu v phn mm ngun m Zabbix Yu cu v h thng Trin khai ci t Zabbix pha server v client 1 s chc nng ca Zabbix 4. Xy dng m hnh gim st chc nng dch v lu di M t m hnh h thng Cc chc nng cn thit ca h thng khi trin khai Th nghim cc chc nng xy dng c a ra kt qu v kt lun ca qu trnh th nghim 5. Kt lun v hng pht trin ca h thng.


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ABSTRACT OF THESIS The content of this thesis include 5 parts: 1. Overview - System management concept - SNMP in system and network managing 2. Network management technologies - Some popular network management models, such as of Microsoft, Cisco, IBM - Some open source network management models (Zabbix, Nagios) 3. The Zabbix open source network management model - Introducing the open source software Zabbix - System requirement - Deploying Zabbix installation at server and client side - Introducing some Zabbixs features 4. Building a persistant service function monitoring model - Describing systems model - Some essential functions of system when deploying - Experimenting some built functions - Results and experiments summary 5. Summarize and developing direction


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Mc lc


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Li m u

Em xin gi nhng li cm n trn trng nht ti thy gio hng dn, Tin s H Quc Trung, b mn Truyn thng v mng my tnh, vin Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni nhit tnh hng dn, ch bo v cung cp cho em nhiu kin thc cng nh ti liu, c s vt cht, mi trng trong sut qu trnh lm n. Nh s gip tn tm ca thy em mi c th hon thnh c n ny. Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ch ti phng dch v mng, trung tm mng thng tin, nhng ngi to iu kin v c s vt cht, phng tin lm vic cng nh truyn t nhng kinh nghim qu bu cho em trong qu trnh thc tp tt nghip v lm n tt nghip ti y. ng thi, em xin by t lng bit n su sc n cc thy c gio trng i hc Bch khoa ni chung vin Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ni ring, nhng ngi tn tnh ging dy, truyn t cho em nhng bi hc qu bu trong sut 5 nm hc va qua. Sinh vin Nguyn Ngc


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Gii thiu K t khi xut hin n nay, mng my tnh thay i nhanh chng v lin tc tin ho. T ch Internet ch c hn 300 mng vi hn 2000 my kt ni nm 1990, ch sau 20 nm, Internet pht trin n hng triu mng con vi hng t my kt ni. Tuy nhin, s pht trin chng mt ny sinh nhu cu tt yu i vi cc h thng mng, l qun tr h thng, qun tr mng v i km l cc dch v m n cung cp. Hin ti c rt nhiu cc gii php v kin trc qun tr h thng ni ting nh ca Microsoft, c bit l h iu hnh Windows server 2003, 2008.M hnh v phn mm ny thc hin xut sc vai tr qun tr h thng, mng v duy tr cc dch v. Nhng ci g cng c 2 mt, v l do kinh ph, khng phi bt c doanh nghip hay t chc no cng c th u t 1 khon tin ln cho nhng phn mm nh vy. V v th, c rt nhiu phn mm qun tr h thng m ngun m ra i. Nhng phn mm ny c th m nhim hu ht chc nng cn thit m 1 ngi qun tr cn n v c bit l min ph. Hn th na, ngi qun tr c th tu chnh sa m ngun to thm cc chc nng, tng cng kh nng ca phn mm. Tn dng u th ca phn mm ngun m, em chn phn mm Zabbix, chy trn nn h iu hnh Ubuntu server vi ti Xy dng m hnh gim st chc nng dch v lu di da trn phn mm ngun m Zabbix. H thng c th gim st c cc dch v ang chy trn 1 hoc nhiu my, kim tra xem cc dch v c hot ng tt hay khng, phc v cho vic cung cp cc dch v c thng sut. Vi mc tiu , bo co n c chia lm 5 phn chnh nh sau: - Chng I: Tng quan - Chng II: Cng ngh qun tr mng - Chng III: M hnh phn mm qun tr mng m ngun m Zabbix - Chng IV: Xy dng m hnh gim st chc nng dch v lu di - Chng V: Kt lun v hng pht trin ca h thng


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Chng I - Tng quan 1. Khi nim Theo Wikipedia, qun tr mng l cc hot ng, phng thc, th tc, cng ci i vi vic vn hnh (operation), qun l (administration), bo tr (maintenance) v d tr (provisioning) cho cc h thng mng. - Vn hnh l thao tc gii quyt vic duy tr cho h thng mng (v cc dch v h thng mng cung cp) chy thng sut v trn tru. N bao gm c vic gim st h thng mng, cc dch v cung cp xc nh trc trc cng sm cng tt, trc khi cc trc trc lm nh hng ti ngi dng. - Qun tr gii quyt vic duy tr v phn phi cc ti nguyn trong h thng mng, bao gm tt c nhng vic cn thit m bo h thng mng trong tm kim sot. - Bo tr lin quan n vic thc hin sa cha v nng cp, v d nh khi 1 thit b cn thay th, khi 1 router cn 1 bn cp nht firmware hay driver, 1 switch mi c lp t vo mng..Bo tr cng yu cu hiu chnh, ti u cc tiu chun h thng mng chy tt hn, chng hn nh tinh chnh nhng tham s trong cu hnh ca cc thit b. - D tr lin quan n vic cu hnh cc ti nguyn trong h thng mng h tr cc dch v sn c. V d, n th bao gm vic thit lp mng 1 khch hng c th nhn c dch v thoi. Cch ph bin m t cc chc nng qun tr mng l FCAPS Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Perfomance v Security. Cc chc nng ny hot ng nh 1 phn ca qun tr mng, bao gm c cc cng vic nh kim sot (controlling), hoch nh (planning), cp pht (allocating), kt hp (coordinating) v gim st cc ti nguyn trong 1 mng, quy hoch mng (network planning), lu lng mng h tr cn bng ti (load balancing), cp php kho m phn phi (cryptographic key distribution authorization), qun tr cu hnh (configuration management), qun l li (fault management), qun l an ninh (security management), qun l hiu nng (performance management), qun l bng thng (bandwidth management), phn tch tuyn (Route analytics) v qun l thng k (accounting management). - Qun l li: pht hin, c lp, thng bo v sa li gp phi trong mng. - Qun l cu hnh: cu hnh cc c tnh ca thit b mng nh qun l tp tin cu hnh, ti nguyn v phn mm.


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Qun l hiu nng: theo di v o lng nhng kha cnh khc nhau v hiu sut, do , hiu sut tng qut c th c duy tr 1 mc chp nhn c. - Qun l an ninh: cung cp quyn truy cp vo cc thit b mng v ti nguyn cho cc c nhn, nhm ngi dng c quyn tng ng. - Qun l thng k: cch s dng thng tin ca ti nguyn mng. D liu cho vic qun tr mng c thu thp thng qua nhiu c ch, bao gm ci t cc agent, gim st tng hp gi lp cc giao dch, bin bn hot ng (logs of activity), nghe ln (sniffer) v gim st ngi dng thc (real user monitoring). Trc y, cng vic chnh ca qun tr mng ch l gim st xem cc thit b c hot ng hay khng (up or down); ngy nay, qun l hiu nng tr thnh thnh phn ct yu trong vai tr ca ngi qun tr. iu ny em li kh nhiu thch thc, c bit l trong cc t chc mang tnh quc t. C 1 iu kh th v l cng vic qun tr mng trn th gii khng bao gm vic qun l cc thit b u cui ca ngi dng. iu ny hon ton tri ngc vi cng vic qun tr mng ti Vit Nam. 2. Cng ngh v gii php C rt nhiu cc phng thc truy cp h tr mng v cc thit b qun tr mng. Cc phng thc truy nhp gm c SNMP (Simple network management protocol), CLI (command-line interface), WMI (Windows management instrumentation), Transaction Language 1, CORBA, NETCONF, v Java Management Extensions (JMX). V cc gii php, chng ta cng c rt nhiu gii php do Microsoft (h Windows server), phn mm ngun m (Ubuntu server, Linux, Fedora.), IBM, Cisco cung cp. S khc bit v c im ca tng gii php s c ni k hn trong cc phn sau. 3. S lc v giao thc SNMP 3.1. SMI: SMI (The Structure of Management Information) cung cp cho chng ta cch nh ngha, lu tr cc i tng qun l v cc thuc tnh ca chng (cu trc). SMI n gin gm c 3 c tnh sau:-

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Name hay OID (object identifier): nh ngha tn ca i tng. Tn thng 2 dng: s hay cc ch c ngha no v i tng. Trong dng ny hay dng kia, tn thng kh nh hay bt tin Kiu v c php: Kiu d liu ca object cn qun l c nh ngha trong ASN.1( Abstract Syntax Notation One). ASN.1 ch ra cch d10

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liu c biu din v truyn i gia Manager v agent. Cc thng tin m ASN.1 thng bo l c lp vi h iu hnh. iu ny gip mt my chy WindowNT c th lin lc vi mt my chy Sun SPARC d dng.-

M ha: m ha cc i tng qun l thnh cc chui octet dng BER (Basic Encoding Rules). BER xy dng cch m ha v gii m truyn cc i tng qua cc mi trng truyn nh Ethernet. Tn hay OID c t chc theo dng cy. Tn ca mt i tng c thnh lp t mt dy cc s nguyn hay ch da theo cc nt trn cy, phn cch nhau bi du chm

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(Hnh 1) Theo m hnh cy trn ta c OID ca nhnh internet: internet OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso org(3) dod(6) 1 } directory OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { internet 1 } mgmt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { internet 2 } experimental OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { internet 3 } private OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { internet 4 } Trong m hnh trn, MIB-II thuc nhnh mgmt:


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(Hnh 2) MIB-II c 10 nhnh con c nh ngha trong RFC 1213, k tha t MIB-I trong RFC 1066. Mi nhnh c mt chc nng ring:-

system (1.3.6.1.2.1.1) nh ngha mt danh sch cc i tng gn lin vi hot ng ca h thng nh: thi gian h thng khi ng ti by gi, thng tin lin lc ca h thng v tn ca h thng. interfaces (1.3.6.1.2.1.2) Lu gi trng thi ca cc interface trn mt thc th qun l. Theo di mt interface up hoc down, lu li cc octet gi v nhn, octet li hay b hy b. at (1.3.6.1.2.1.3) Nhm at (address translation) b phn i, n ch cung cp kh nng tng thch ngc. Nhm ny c b t MIB-III tr i. ip (1.3.6.1.2.1.4) Lu gi nhiu thng tin lin quan ti giao thc IP, trong c phn nh tuyn IP. icmp (1.3.6.1.2.1.5) Lu cc thng tin nh gi ICMP li, hy.

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tcp (1.3.6.1.2.1.6) Lu cc thng tin khc dnh ring cho trng thi cc kt ni TCP nh: ng, lng nghe, bo gi udp (1.3.6.1.2.1.7) Tp hp cc thng tin thng k cho UDP, cc datagram vo v ra, egp (1.3.6.1.2.1.8) Lu cc tham s v EGP v bng EGP ln cn. Transmission (1.3.6.1.2.1.10) Khng c i tng no trong nhm ny, nhng n nh ngha cc mi trng c bit ca MIB. snmp (1.3.6.1.2.1.11) o lng s thc thi ca SNMP trn cc thc th qun l v lu cc thng tin nh s cc gi SNMP nhn v gi.

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3.2. Hot ng ca SNMP: Hot ng ca SNMP theo m hnh sau:

(Hnh 3)Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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Cc lnh trao i trong h thng SNMPget - get-next - get-bulk (cho SNMP v2 v SNMP v3) - set - get-response - trap (cnh bo) - notification (cho SNMP v2 v SNMP v3) - inform (cho SNMP v2 v SNMP v3) - report (cho SNMP v2 v SNMP v3) get: get c gi t NMS yu cu ti agent. Agent nhn yu cu v x l vi kh nng tt nht c th. Nu mt thit b no ang bn ti nng, nh router, n khng c kh nng tr li yu cu nn n s hy li yu cu ny. Nu agent tp hp thng tin cn thit cho li yu cu, n gi li cho NMS mt get-response:


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(Hnh 4) agent hiu c NMS cn tm thng tin g, n da vo mt mc trong get l variable binding hay varbind. Varbind l mt danh sch cc i tng ca MIB m NMS mun ly t agent. Agent hiu cu hi theo dng: OID=value tm thng tin tr li. Cu hi truy vn cho trng hp trong hnh v trn: $ snmpget cisco.ora.com public .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0 system.sysLocation.0 = y l mt cu lnh snmpget trn Unix. cisco.ora.com l tn ca thit b, public l chui ch y l yu cu ch c (read-only), .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0 l OID. .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 ch ti nhm system trong MIB. .6 ch ti mt trng trong system l sysLocation. Trong cu lnh ny ta mun hi Cisco router rng vic nh v h thng c ci t cha. Cu tr li system.sysLocation.0 = tc l cha ci t. Cu tr li ca snmpget theo dng ca varbind: OID=value. Cn phn cui trong OID snmpget; .0 nm trong quy c ca MIB. Khi hi mt i tng trong MIB ta cn ch r 2 trng x.y, y l .6.0. x l OID thc t ca i tng. Cn .y c dng trong cc i tng c hng nh mt bng hiu hng no ca bng, vi trng hp i tng v hng nh trng hp ny y = 0. Cc hng trong bng c nh s t s 1 tr i. Cu lnh get hu ch trong vic truy vn mt i tng ring l trong MIB. Khi mun bit thng tin v nhiu i tng th get tn kh nhiu thi gian. Cu lnh get-next gii quyt c vn ny. get-next: get-next a ra mt dy cc lnh ly thng tin t mt nhm trong MIB. Agent s ln lt tr li tt c cc i tng c trong cu truy vn ca get-next tng t nh get, cho n khi no ht cc i tng trong dy. V d ta dng lnh snmpwalk. snmpwalk tng t nh snmpget nhng khng ch ti mt i tng m ch ti mt nhnh no :Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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$snmpwalk cisco.ora.com public system system.sysDescr.0 = Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software ..IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 11.2(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)..Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc Compiled Mon 31-Mar-97 19:53 by ckralik system.sysObjectID.0 = OID: enterprises.9.1.19 system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (27210723) 3 days, 3:35:07.23 system.sysContact.0 = system.sysName.0 = cisco.ora.com system.sysLocation.0 = system.sysServices.0 = 6 y ta mun ly thng tin ca nhm system, agent s gi tr ton b thng tin ca system theo yu cu. Qu trnh tm nhm system trong MIB thc hin theo cy t gc, n mt nt nu c nhiu nhnh th chn nhnh tm theo ch s ca nhnh t nh n ln:

(Hnh 5) get-bulk: get-bulk c nh ngha trong SNMPv2. N cho php ly thng tin qun l t nhiu phn trong bng. Dng get c th lm c iu ny. Tuy nhin, kch thc ca cu hi c th b gii hn bi agent. Khi nu n khng th tr li ton b yu cu, n gi tr mt thng ip li m khng c d liu. Vi trng hp dng cu lnh get-bulk, agent s gi cang nhiu tr li nu n cSinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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th. Do , vic tr li mt phn ca yu cu l c th xy ra. Hai trng cn khai bo trong get-bulk l: nonrepeaters v max-repetitions. nonrepeaters bo cho agent bit N i tng u tin c th tr li li nh mt cu lnh get n. max-repeaters bo cho agent bit cn c gng tng ln ti a M yu cu getnext cho cc i tng cn li:

(Hnh 6) $ snmpbulkget -v2c -B 1 3 linux.ora.com public sysDescr ifInOctets ifOutOctets system.sysDescr.0 = "Linux linux 2.2.5-15 #3 Thu May 27 19:33:18 EDT 1999 i686" interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.1 = 70840 interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.1 = 70840 interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.2 = 143548020 interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.2 = 111725152 interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifInOctets.3 = 0 interfaces.ifTable.ifEntry.ifOutOctets.3 = 0 set: thay i gi tr ca mt i tng hoc thm mt hng mi vo bng. i tng ny cn phi c nh ngha trong MIB l read-write hay writeonly. NMS c th dng set t gi tr cho nhiu i tng cng mt lc:

(Hnh 7) $ snmpget cisco.ora.com public system.sysLocation.0 system.sysLocation.0 = "" $ snmpset cisco.ora.com private system.sysLocation.0 s "Atlanta, GA" system.sysLocation.0 = "Atlanta, GA"Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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$ snmpget cisco.ora.com public system.sysLocation.0 system.sysLocation.0 = "Atlanta, GA" Cu lnh u l dung get ly gi tr hin ti ca system.sysLocation. Trong cu lnh snmpset cc trng cisco.ora.com v system.sysLocation.0 c ngha ging vi get. private ch i tng read-write, v t gi tr mi bng: s "Atlanta, GA". s tc l t gi tr ca system.sysLocation.0 thnh string, v gi tr mi l "Atlanta, GA" . C th ci t nhiu i tng cng lc, tuy nhin nu c mt hnh ng b li, ton b s b hy b. Error Response ca get, get-next, get-bulk v set: C nhiu loi li bo li t agent: noError(0): Khng c li tooBig(1): Yu cu qu ln c th dn vo mt cu tr li noSuchName(2) OID: yu cu khng tm thy, tc khng tn ti agent badValue(3): Cu lnh set dng khng ng vi cc object read-write hay write-only readOnly(4): Li ny t dng. Li noSuchName tng ng vi li ny genErr(5): Dng cho tt c cc li cn li, khng nm trong cc li trn Cc loi li ca SNMPv1 mang tnh cht chung nht, khng r rng. Do SNMPv2 a ra thm mt s loi li nh sau: noAccess(6): Li khi lnh set c gng xm nhp vo mt bin cm xm nhp. Khi , bin c trng ACCESS l not-accessible wrongType(7): Li xy ra khi lnh set t mt kiu d liu khc vi kiu nh ngha sn ca i tng. V d khi set t gi tr kiu string cho mt i tng kiu s nguyn INTEGER wrongLength(8): Li khi lnh set a vo mt gi tr c chiu di ln hn chiu di ti a ca i tng wrongEncoding(9): Li khi lnh set s dng cch m ha khc vi cch i tng nh ngha. wrongValue(10): Mt bin c t mt gi tr m n khng hiu. Khi mt bin theo kiu lit k enumeration c t mt gi tr khng theo kiu lit k. SNMP Traps: Trap l cnh bo ca agent t ng gi cho NMS NMS bit c tnh trng xu agent


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(Hnh 8) Khi nhn c mt trap t agent, NMS khng tr li li bng ACK. Do agent khng th no bit c l li cnh bo ca n c ti c NMS hay khng. Khi nhn c mt trap t agent, n tm xem trap number hiu ngha ca trap SNMP Notification: chun ha nh dng PDU trap ca SNMPv1 do PDU ca get v set khc nhau, SNMPv2 a ra NOTIFICATION-TYPE. nh dng PDU ca NOTIFICATION-TYPE l nhn ra get v set. SNMP inform: SNMPv2 cung cp c ch truyn thng gia nhng NMS vi nhau, gi l SNMP inform. Khi mt NMS gi mt SNMP inform cho mt NMS khc, NMS nhn c s gi tr mt ACK xc nhn s kin. Vic ny ging vi c ch ca get v set. SNMP report: c nh ngha trong bn tho ca SNMPv2 nhng khng c pht trin. Sau c a vo SNMPv3 v hy vng dng truyn thng gia cc h thng SNMP vi nhau. Chng II - Cng ngh qun tr mng 1. M hnh qun tr mng ca IBM 1.1. Tng quan IBM network management ni n bt c kin trc no c s dng qun l h thng mng IBM SNA (Systems Network Architecture) hoc mng APPN (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking). Qun tr mng IBM l 1 phn ca kin trc mng m IBM (IBM Open-Network Architecture ONA) v c thc hin tp trung bng cch s dng cc cng c qun tr nh NetView. N c chia ra 5 chc nng tng t nh cc chc nng qun tr mng c cp trong m hnh OSI.Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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1.2. Cc chc nng trong m hnh ca IBM IBM chia qun tr mng thnh 5 chc nng da trn nhu cu ca ngi dng (user-based functions): qun tr cu hnh (configuration management), qun tr hiu nng v thng k (performance and accountant management), qun tr li (problem management), qun tr vn hnh (operations management), v qun tr cc thay i (change management).-

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Configuration Management: kim sot thng tin m t ti nguyn vt l l logic ca mng, cng nh quan h gia cc ta nguyn . H thng qun tr tp trung lu tr d liu trong c s d liu qun tr ch hnh v c th km thm thng tin nh s hiu phin bn phn mm h thng hoc vi lnh (microcode); serial number ca phn cng hoc mm, v tr vt l ca thit b mng, tn, a ch, s in thoi ca i tcNh vy c th thy chc nng ny ca IBM rt gn vi qun tr cu hnh ca OSI. Qun tr cu hnh d dng h tr trong bo tr 1 danh mc cc ti nguyn mng v chc chn rng cu hnh mng thay i c nh x vo c s d liu qun tr cu hnh. N cng cung cp thng tin c s dng bi h thng qun tr li v qun tr thay i. H thng qun tr li s dng thng tin ny so snh s khc bit cc version v nh v, nhn dng v kim tra c im ca cc ti nguyn mng. H thng qun tr thay i s dng thng tin phn tch nh hng ca cc thay i v lp lch (schedule) thay i khi h thng nhn ri nht. Performance and Accountant Management: cung cp thng tin v hiu nng ca ti nguyn mng. Tin ch m chc nng ny mang li gm c gim st thi im p ng ca h thng, kim tra tnh sn sng (availability) ca ti nguyn; kim tra s s dng ti nguyn, iu chnh, theo di, kim sot hiu nng mng. Thng tin c thu thp bi chc nng ny s c ch cho vic quyt nh xem liu mc ch v hiu nng mng c tho mn v liu th tc quyt nh vn c nen c khi ng da trn hiu nng hay khng. Chc nng ny tng t nh chc nng qun tr li v qun tr thng k ca OSI. Problem Management: tng t nh qun l li ca m hnh OSI m trong , n x l cc iu kn li khin ngi dng mt ton b chc nng ca 1 ti nguyn mng. Qun l li c thc hin qua 5 bc: xc nh li, chn on li, trnh li v khi phc (problem bypass and recovery), gii quyt li, theo di v kim sot li.


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Xc nh li gm c pht hin li v hon thnh cc bc cn thit bt u chn on li, chng hn nh c lp li vo 1 h thng con ring bit. Chn on li bao gm xc nh chnh xc nguyn nhn gy li v hnh ng cn thit gii quyt n. Trnh li v khi phc bao gm c gng vt qua li, c th l tng phn hoc hon ton. N cung cp 1 gii php tam thi v da vo chc nng gii quyt li x l li. Gii quyt li bao gm cc n lc kh li. N thng bt u sau khi chn on li hon chnh v thng ko theo cc hot ng hiu chnh, chng hn nh thay th phn cng hoc phn mm li. Theo di v kim sot li bao gm theo di tng li cho n khi phng n gii quyt cui cng c a ra. Cc thng tin v li c lu li trong c s d liu v li. - Operation Management: bao gm qun tr ti nguyn phn tn trong mng t 1 khu vc tp trung, s dng 2 tp chc nng: cc dch v qun tr vn hnh v cc dch v vn hnh thng thng. Cc dch v qun tr vn hnh cung cp kh nng kim sot ti nguyn t xa 1 cch tp trung s dng cc chc nng sau: kch hot v kh kch hot ti nguyn, hu lnh v thit lp xung. Dch v vn hnh thng thng c th c khi ng t ng p li thng bo li no . - Qun tr thay i: theo di thay i trong mng v duy tr cc file thay i ti cc nt t xa (remote node). Thay i trong mng xy ra ch yu l do 2 l do: thay i yu cu ngi dng v by li (problem circumvetion). Thay i yu cu ngi dng bao gm cp nht phn cng v phn mm, ng dng v dch v mi, cc nhn t khc gy thay i tc khc ln nhu cu ca ngi dng mng. By li cn thit ng ph vi cc thay i t ngt t li phn cng, phn mm hoc cc thnh phn khc trong mng. Chc nng ny tng t nh qun tr thng k ca OSI.1.3. Kin trc qun tr mng ca IBM (IBM network management

architecture) 2 kin trc qun tr mng ni ting nht ca IBM l ONA (Open Network Architecture) v SystemView. a. Open Network Architecture: L 1 kin trc qun tr mng tng qut ho, n nh ngha 4 thc th qun tr ch cht: im trung tm (focal point), im thu thp (collection point), im tip nhn (entry point) v im dch v (service point).Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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Focal point: l 1 thc th qun tr cung cp s h tr cho hot ng qun tr tp trung. N p ng li cc cnh bo t end station, duy tr c s d liu qun tr, v cung cp 1 giao din ngi dng cho iu hnh vin qun tr mng. C 3 loi focal point l s cp (primary), th cp (secondary) v n (nested). im s cp thc hin tt c chc nng ca focal point. im th cp hot ng nh 1 bn backup cho im s cp v c s dng khi im s cp b li. im n c trch nhim chuyn tip cc thng tin quyt nh ti cc focal point ton cc hn (more global focal points) Collection point chuyn cc thng tin t mng con SNA c lp ti cc focal point. Chng thng c s dng chuyn tip d liu t cc mng IBM ngang hng (IBM peer-to-peer network) ti ONA phn cp. Entry point: l 1 thit b SNA c th ci t ONA cho chnh n hoc cho cc thit b khc. Hu ht cc thit b SNA chun c kh nng tr thnh entry point. Service point: l 1 h thng cung cp truy nhp vo ONA cho cc thit b khng phi l SNA (non SNA) v l thit yu cho 1 gateway ti ONA. Service point c th gi cc thng tin qun tr v cc h thng non SNA ti cc focal point, nhn lnh t cc focal point, bin dch lnh thnh dng ph hp cho cc thit b non SNA v chuyn tip


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lnh n cc thit b non SNA thc thi.

(Hnh 9) b. SystemView: L 1 bn thit k cho vic to ra cc ng dng qun tr c th qun l cc h thng thng tin a hng (multivendor information systems). SystemView m t cch m cc ng dng qun tr cc mng khng ng nht hot ng vi cc h thng qun tr khc. N l chin lc qun tr h thng chnh thc ca kin trc ng dng h thng IBM (IBM Systems Application Architecture.) 1.4. Cc nn tng qun tr mng IBM (IBM network management ) a. NetView: L 1 nn tng qun tr mng doanh nghip ton din ca IBM, cung cp cc dch v qun tr mng SNA tp trung. N c s dng trn cc mainframe IBM v l 1 phn ca ONA. NetView bao gm tin ch kim sot lnh (command control monitor), gim st phn cng (hardware monitor), gim st phin (session monitor), chc nng tr gip (help function), gim stSinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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trng thi (status monitor), gim st hiu nng (performance monitor) v gim st phn phi (distribution monitor) Tin ch kim sot lnh cung cp kim sot mng bng cch a ra thao tc c bn v lnh truy cp file (file access command) cho ng dng VTAM (Virtual Telecommunications Access Method), b iu khin (controller), h iu hnh, v NetView/PC (1 giao din gia thit b NetView v non SNA). Gim st phn cng gim st mng v t ng cnh bo khi phn cng xy ra li.

Gim st phin hot ng nh 1 b gim st hiu nng VTAM v cung cp qun tr cu hnh v quyt nh li phn mm (softwareproblem determination and configuration management).

Chc nng tr gip cung cp tr gip cho ngi dng NetView, bao gm c tin ch tr gip help desk, th vin cc tnh hung thng gp. Gim st trng thi tm tt v a ra thng tin trng thi mng.

Chc nng gim st hiu nng gim st hiu nng ca cc FEP (front end processor), NCP (Network Control Program), v cc ti nguyn i km khc.

Qun tr vin phn phi ln k hoch, lp lch, v theo di s phn tn d liu, phn mm v vi lnh trong mi trng SNA


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b. Qun tr mng LAN (LAN Network Manager - LNM): L 1 ng dng qun tr mng IBM kim sot cc mng LAN Token Ring t 1 khu vc h tr tp trung. LNM l 1 sn phm da trn h iu hnh OS/2 Extended Edition, tng thch vi IBM NetView v cc sn phm qun tr khc ca IBM khc. c. SNMP: Cc sn phm qun tr mng ca IBM c th c trin khai bng cch s dng SNMP. 2. M hnh ca Cisco Khc vi m hnh mng 7 lp ca OSI (ng dng, Trnh din, Phin, Giao vn, Mng, Kt ni d liu v Vt l), Cisco xut 1 m hnh mng 3 lp. M hnh phn cp ny ca Cisco c th gip thit k, thc hin v bo tr 1 m hnh mng mm do, ng tin cy v hiu qu v chi ph. 3 lp ca m hnh ny gm c: lp nhn (Core layer hay Backbone), lp phn phi (Distribution layer) v lp truy cp (Access layer). Mi lp u c trch nhim r rng, tuy nhin, 3 lp ny l 3 lp logic v khng cn thit n thit b vt l. So vi m hnh OSI, 7 lp ca n m t cc chc nng nhng khng cn n cc giao thc. i khi 1 giao thc gn cho nhiu hn 1 lp ca m hnh OSI, v nhiu giao thc c th giao tip trong cng lp. Tng t, khi ta xy dng cc mng phn cp, ta c th c rt nhiu thit b trong cng 1 lp, hoc chng ta c th c 1 thit b thc hin chc nng ti 2 lp. V th, khi nim cc lp l logic, khng phi l vt l. - Lp nhn (Core layer): Lp ny chnh xc l backbone ca Internet. Nm ti nh phn cp ca m hnh, lp ny c trch nhim vn chuyn 1 lng ln giao thng 1 cch tin cy v nhanh chng. Mc ch duy nht ca lp nhn mng l chuyn tip giao thng cng nhanh cng tt. Giao thng c chuyn qua nhn l ca a s ngi dng. Tuy nhin, nn nh rng d liu ngi dng c x l ti tng phn phi m ti chuyn tip cc yu cu ti nhn nu cn thit. Nu nh c li trong nhn, tt c mi ngi dng c th b nh hng. V th, chu li lp ny l 1 vn quan trng. Nhn chc chn phi thng qua 1 khi lng ln giao thng, nn tc v tr rt c quan tm y. i vi chc nng cho trc ca nhn, ta c th xt n vi thit k c th hn. Th bt u vi nhng th ta khng mun lm nh:


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Khng lm bt c iu g khin giao thng b chm li. iu ny bao gm s dng danh sch truy cp (Access list), nh tuyn gia cc mng cc b o v lc gi. Khng h tr truy cp theo nhm y Khng m rng nhn khi kch thc mng tng trng. Nu hiu nng tr thnh vn th nn u tin nng cp thay th m rng. By gi, ta xt n nhng th mun thit k trong nhn, bao gm: Thit k nhn c tin cy cao. Xt cc cng ngh lin kt d liu m cung cp c tc v d phng, chng hn nh FDDI, Fast Ethernet hoc thm ch l ATM Thit k c u tin n tc , tr trong nhn phi l rt nh. La chn cc giao thc vi khong hi t l nh. Tc nhanh v kt ni d liu d phng l v ch nu nh bng nh tuyn qu ngn. Lp phn phi (Distribution Layer): lp phn phi i khi c ni n nh l lp workgroup v im giao tip chnh gia lp truy cp (access layer) v nhn. Chc nng ch yu ca tng phn phi l cung cp nh tuyn (routing), lc (filtering) v truy cp WAN v quyt nh xem cc packet c th truy nhp vo nhn th no nu cn thit. Tng ny phi quyt nh 1 cch nhanh nht cc yu cu dch v mng c x l; v d, cch m 1 yu cu file c chuyn tip ti 1 server. Sau khi lp phn phi xc nh tuyn ng tt nht, n chuyn tip yu cu ti nhn. Lp nhn sau vn chuyn yu cu ny n dch v chnh xc. Lp phn phi l ni thc hin cc chnh sch cho mng. y, ta c th p dng tnh mm do ln trong nh ngha thao tc v mng. C 1 s cc thnh phn thng c x l ti lp phn phi, chng hn nh: Thc thi cc cng c nh danh sch truy cp (access list), lc gi (packet filtering) v to hng i (queuing) Thc thi cc chnh sch v an ninh v mng, bao gm c cc firewall Ti phn phi gia cc giao thc nh tuyn, bao gm c nh tuyn tnh. nh tuyn gia cc VLAN v cc chc nng h tr khc. nh ngha cc domain pht tn v qung b (Definitions of broadcast and multicast domains) Lp truy cp (Access layer): lp ny kim sot ngi dng v nhm truy cp vo cc ti nguyn mng. Lp truy cp i khi cng c gi l lp desktop (desktop layer). Cc ti nguyn mng m hy ht ngi26


dng cn n s hin hu 1 cch cc b (avaiable locally). Lp phn phi cng x l bt c giao thng no ca cc dch v t xa (remote services). Cc chc nng sau y c bao hm trong lp truy cp: Duy tr cc chnh sch v kim sot truy cp C lp cc min xung t (Creation of separate collision domains) Kt ni workgroup ti lp phn phi thng qua trung chuyn lp 2 (layer 2 switching) Cc cng ngh chng hn nh DDR, Ethernet v c nh tuyn tnh cng thng thy lp truy nhp. 3. M hnh ca Microsoft 3.1. M hnh Workgroup a. Khi nim v m hnh Workgroup Mng Workgroup hay cn gi l mng ngang hng (peer-to-peer), l mt nhm cc my tnh ni mng vi nhau, chia s v s dng chung ti nguyn. Mng ngang hng cn c gi l nhm lm vic, thut ng nhm lm vic ng mt nhm t ngi v thng mi h thng mng ny thng c t 10-15 my tr li. M hnh mng:

(Hnh 10) b. c im ca mng Workgroup: h thng mng ngang hng khng tn ti bt k my phc v chuyn dng no(dedicated server), hoc cu trc phn cp gia cc my tnh. Mi my tnh u bnh ng v c vai tr nh nhau.


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Thng thng mi my tnh hot ng vi c hai vai tr: my phc v v my khch.V vy khng c my no c ch nh chu trch nhim qun l ton mng. Ngi dng tng my tnh t quyt nh d liu no trn my tnh ca h s c dng chung trn mng. Mi my tnh trong mng c mt a cng ring, cc my tnh c th s dng chung CD_ROM, h thng a cng d phng, a cng ph, modem, fax, my in. Mi my tnh c th giao tip trc tip vi bt k my tnh no trn mng ly thng tin hoc dch v t my tnh . Cch b tr hnh sao rt thch hp vi cu hnh mng ny, bi v tt c my tnh c ni trc tip vo Hub, gip cho vic kt ni d dng hn. Mng Bus cng c th p dng loi cu hnh ny. c. u im v nhc im: - u im: Vi h iu hnh ca mng ngang hng th phn mm iu hnh ca mng khng nht thit phi c kh nng thi hnh v tnh bo mt tng xng vi phn mm iu hnh mng c thit k cho my phc v chuyn dng. nhng h iu hnh nh Microsoft Windows NT Workstation, Microsoft Windows for Workgroup v Microsoft Windows 95, hot ng mng ngang hng c tch hp vo h iu hnh.Khng cn phi thm phn mm no khc thit lp mt mng ngang hng. Mng ny tng i n gin. V mi my tnh kim c hai chc nng phc v v my khch nn khng cn mt my trung tm tht mnh v cng khng bt buc phi c nhng b phn cn thit cho mng my tnh cng sut cao. Mng ngang hng r tin hn mng da trn my phc v v d ci t, khng cn c qun tri mng.-

Nhc im: Khng qun tr tp trung ti nguyn: Qun tr tp trung ti nguyn c ngha l ngi qun tr ch cn to ra mt ti khon vng v ng k cc quyn n tt c ti nguyn bn trong vng ri kt cc ngi dng hay nhm ngi dng vo ti khon ny. iu ny c ngha l mi my trong mng Workgrpoup phi c qun tr mt cch c lp vi nhng my khc. an ton v tnh bo mt khng cao, do ngi s dng quy nh: Vic bo mt v an ton mng ngang hng th hin qua vic nh r mt m cho mt ti nguyn no , chng hn nh mt th mc dng chung trn mng. V tt c ngi dng trong mng ngang hng t mnh thit lp h thng bo mt m ring, v vic chia s28


ti nguyn c th xy ra bt c my no ch khng xy ra my tp trung, nn rt kh iu khin tp trung. iu ny tc ng n s an ton ca mng v nhiu khi c mt vi ngi dng khng h thi hnh bin php bo mt no c. Nu xem tnh bo mt l vn quan trng chng ta nn cn nhc s dng mng da trn my phc v. 3.2. M hnh Domain a. Khi nim: Domain mn tng t th mc v nhm lm vic. Ging nh workgroup, domain c th c qun tr bng hn hp cc bin php qun l tp trung v a phng. Domain l mt tp hp cc my tnh dng chung mt nguyn tc bo mt v CSDL ti khon ngi dng (ngi s dng account). Nhng ti khon ngi dng v nguyn tc an ton c th c nhn thy khi thuc vo mt CSDL chung v c tp trung. Ging nh mt th mc, mt domain t chc ti nguyn ca mt vi my ch vo mt c cu qun tr. Ngi s dng c cp quyn logon vo domain ch khng phi vo tng my ch ring l. Ngoi ra, v domain iu khin ti nguyn ca mt s my ch, nn vic qun l cc ti khon ca ngi s dng c tp trung v do tr nn d dng hn l phi qun l mt mng vi nhiu my ch c lp. Cc my ch trong mt domain cung cp dch v cho cc ngi s dng. Mt ngi s dng khi logon vo domain th c th truy cp n tt c ti nguyn thuc domain m h c cp quyn truy cp. H c th d tm (browse) cc ti nguyn ca domain ging nh trong mt workgroup, nhng n an ton, bo mt hn. xy dng mng da trn domain, ta phi c t nht mt my Windows NT Server trn mng. Mt my tnh Windows NT c th thuc vo mt workgroup hoc mt domain, nhng khng th ng thi thuc c hai. M hnh domain c thit lp cho cc mng ln vi kh nng kt ni cc mng ton x nghip hay lin kt cc kt ni mng vi cc mng khc v nhng cng c cn thit iu hnh. Vic nhm nhng ngi s dng mng v ti nguyn trn mng thnh domain c li ch sau: M s ca ngi s dng c qun l tp trung mt ni trong mt c s d liu ca my ch, do vy qun l cht ch hn. Cc ngun ti nguyn cc b c nhm vo trong mt domain nn d khai thc hn.


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(Hnh 11) b. c im ca m hnh Domain: Mi ngi tham gia trong Domain cn phi ng k thng tin sau: Tn Domain Tn ngi s dng Mt khu Cc thng tin ny c lu my ch di dng mt m s, gi l ti khon ngi s dng (user account) v cc m s ca ngi s dng trong mt domain c t chc thnh mt c s d liu trn my ch. Khi ngi s dng mun truy nhp vo mt Domain ngi phi chn tn Domain trong hp thoi trn my trm. My trm s chuyn cc thng tin v h thng qun tr ti nguyn (SAM - Security Account Manager database) ca Domain kim tra. Khi h thng qun tr ti nguyn trn my ch s kim tra cc thng tin ny, nu kt qu kim tra l ng, ngi khai thc mi c quyn truy nhp vo ti nguyn ca Domain. Mt my Windows NT m khng tham gia vo mt Domain c nhc im sau: My trm ch c th cung cp cc m s c to ra trn n. Nu my ny b h hng th nhng ngi khai thc mng khng th truy nhp bng m s ca h. Nu my ny nm trong mt Domain no th cc m s ny cn c lu trong SAM ca mt Domain trn my My ch.Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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Qua my trm khng tham gia vo Domain, ngi khai thc mng khng th truy nhp vo ti nguyn ca Domain, mc d m s ca ca ngi ny c trong SAM ca Domain Trong mt Domain thng c cc loi my thc hin nhng cng vic sau: - Primary domain Controller (PDC), bao gi cng phi c qun tr h thng cc ngi s dng v cc ti khon trong Domain (h thng ny gi l c s d liu SAM - Security Account Manager ca Domain). SAM trn my ch c thit k nh h thng kim sot Domain. Trong mt Domain ch c duy nht mt PDC. - Ngoi ra h thng cn c mt hay nhiu my lm Backup Domain Controller (BDC). Cc BDC c th dng thay th cho my PDC trong trng hp cn thit, chng hn my PDC b h. - Ngi qun tr Domain ch cn to ti khon ngi s dng (user account) ch mt ln trn my Primary Domain Controller, thng tin c t dng copy n cc my Backup Domain Controller. Qun l theo Workgroup v domain l hai m hnh m Windows NT la chn. S khc nhau cn bn gia Workgroup v domain l trong mt domain phi c t nht mt my ch (my ch) v ti nguyn ngi s dng phi c qun l bi my ch , hay ni cch khch, trong m hnh Domain th ngoi vic chia s ti nguyn n cn chia s c ti nguyn ngi dng. Bn cnh , Domain c nhng u im vt tri so vi Workgroup nh sau: - Kh nng bo mt rt cao - Qun l tp trung mi thnh phn trong h thng - Kh nng co gin linh ng, d dng m rng h thng - p dng chnh sch qun l ngi dng trn tng OU, Domain, Site - Cho php trin khai ng dng trn AD Database nh Mail Exchange 4. Zabbix Zabbix , c vit bi Alexei Vladishev, l 1 ng dng c cu trc client server c giao din web. Zabbix server (Zabbix_server) nh k kt ni ti agent c ci t ti my cn qun tr, thu thp thng tin (ti CPU, tin trnh, b nh trng.) v lu chng trong c s d liu. C s d liu ng 1 vai tr rt quan trng trong Zabbix: ton b lch trnh ca cc gi tr tham s nhn c lu trong c s d liu. Thm vo , c s d liuSinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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l ngun duy nht ca cc tham s cu hnh cho ng dng. Hiu nng ca Zabbix rt tt nh s dng c s d liu ngun m nh MySQL, SQLite, Oracle Giao din Web ca Zabbix rt trc quan, gip qun l h thng n gin v d dng hn. Agent ca Zabbix c th ci t trn Unix hoc Windows. V m ngun, Zabbix bao gm cc thnh phn c lp: server, agent v frontend (giao din), trong server v agent c vit bng C, frontend c vit bng PHP v Javascript. Zabbix s dng nhiu giao thc qun tr v thu thp thng tin nh SNMP, TCP, ICMP. Zabbix bao gm tt c cc chc nng c bn ca mt h thng qun tr mng. N cho php ngi qun tr: - Theo di trng thi hot ng ca h thng: cc thng s vt l thit b, thng s ng truyn.-

Qun tr h thng t xa. Nhn bo co, cnh bo mt cc t ng

Ging nh cc h thng qun tr mng s dng SNMP, Zabbix c 3 thnh phn chnh ng cc vai tr khc nhau l: - Zabbix_server: thc hin cc cng c qun l, c chy trn my ch ci Zabbix-

Zabbix_agent: thu thp thng tin, giao tip v gi thng tin ny v my ch. Zabbix-agent c ci trn cc my cn qun l: MIB: ng vai tr nh mt c s d liu lu tr cc thng tin ca h thng.

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Cc chc nng ca Zabbix s c ni k hn trong nhng phn sau. 5. Nagios Nagios l 1 phn mm qun tr h thng v gim st ng dng mng. N gim st cc my v dch v, cnh bo cho ngi dng khi c vn ny sinh v c x l. Nagios nguyn bn c thit k chy trn Linux nhng cng c th chy tt trn cc h iu hnh h UNIX. 1 s tnh nng ca Nagios: Gim st cc dch v mng nh SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, ICMP, SNMP, FTP, SSH. Gim st cc ti nguyn my nh ti CPU, khng gian a s dng, bin bn h thng (system log) trn cc h iu hnh mng chnh, bao gm c Microsoft Windows vi cc plugin nh NSClient++ hoc Check_MK.


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Gim st cc thm d nh nhit , cnh bo gi d liu thu thp c qua mng n cc plugin chuyn dng. Gim st thng qua cc script chy t xa qua Nagios Remote Plugin Executor. H tr gim st t xa thng qua SSH Cho php ngi dng t pht trin plugin bng shell script, C+ +, Perl. Kim tra cc dch v chy song song. Cho php nh ngha cu trc phn cp mng s dng cc my parent xc nh s khc bit gia my down v unreachable. Gi thng bo khi c dch v hoc my xy ra li v c gii quyt thng qua mail, SMS

6. So snh Zabbix v Nagios Chng ta nh gi 2 h thng da trn cc tiu ch sau: Kh nng kim tra n hng nghn my v dch v. D dng import cc my v kim tra cc dch v t 1 script. D dng thay i 1 cu hnh hoc cc kim tra c ln lch, c bit l kh nng thc hin thay i hng lot trn nhiu node ng thi API c th truy cp thng qua giao din dng lnh Kh nng kim tra phn tn t nhiu server gim st (multiple monitoring server) Kh nng lp bo co Cng ng h tr Kh nng lp lch k hoch bo tr D dng bo tr, to thm cc my, kim tra dch v, c bit l kim tra t thit lp (custom), nng cp v v li (patch) 6.1. nh gi v Nagios Tnh co dn (scalability): nagios c 1 lng ln cc tu chn thu thp d liu. 1 vi phng thc l da trn agent (agent based, i hi phi c agent chy trn ) v hoc l chuyn tip cp nht n server 1 cch t ng, hoc l i cc truy vn t server gim st v chy cc check nh c yu cu. Nagios cng c kh nng , thng qua add on, thit lp proxy server chy cc host v service check thay cho server trung tm (central server). iu ny cho php h thng co dn theo chiu ngang bng cch thm vo cc proxy server. Nagios cng c kh nng chy nhiu server gim st v chuyn tip kt qu v server trung tm Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

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tp hp li kt qu kim tra. Tuy nhin c 1 s nhc im nu ta cu hnh nh vy. l vic mt i kh nng kim tra dch v ad hoc t GUI ca server trung tm. (V lp lch cho 1 kim tra tc th cho 1 dch v bn ngoi ca 1 kim tra c ln lch, ngi qun tr phi ng nhp vo server thc s ang chy kim tra ). 1 nhc im khc l cu hnh ny trn tt c cc server phi c bo tr c lp, khng c replicate. Kh nng lp bo co (report): nagios mc nh lu gi history v cc cnh bo (alert) v thi gian cht (downtime) cho tt c cc kim tra my v dch v (host and service check). Rt nhiu cc bo co khc nhau c th c to ra cho cc server ring l, cc host group, cc dch v c ch nh t trc,.Nagios mc nh khng theo di hiu nng hay l cung cp biu thng k da trn nhng d liu ny. Tuy nhin n c rt nhiu cc add on cho php thc hin cng vic ny, cng nh l kh nng export d liu thnh dng RRD cho cc cng c bn ngoi nh Cacti s dng. Giao din (interface): nagios c giao din da trn nn web (web - based). Giao din ny c s dng gim st cc my, p li cc cnh bo, lp lch bo tr v bo co. Giao din khng cung cp kh nng thm hoc thay i cc kim tra v my hoc dch v. Tt c cc thay i c thc hin thng qua cc file cu hnh trn filesystem. C rt nhiu cc cng c ca nhng bn th 3 cung cp kh nng thay i cu hnh d liu ngay trn giao din GUI, nhng chng ta khng ni n chng y. Nagios cng c kh nng chp nhn cc lnh thng qua 1 ng ng c nh danh (named pipe), cch m tt c cc lnh c gi ti n t GUI v cc add on ca cc bn th 3. Nagios c th c kim sot hon ton t dng lnh theo cch ny, nn server c th kim sot ton b t dng lnh. iu ny chng hn rt c ch cho vic lp lch bo tr theo l (batch), thay v nhn chut trn giao din. Nagios cng c kh nng chp nhn kt qu kim tra th ng (passive check result) cng nh l thng qua ng ng.6.2.nh gi v Zabbix: Cu hnh lu tr d liu (configuration data store):

Zabbix s dng 1 c s d liu lu cc nh ngha v cu hnh (configuration definition), nhng khng khuyn khch trc tip thay i n. V th, tt c thay i cu hnh phi c lm thng qua GUI, hoc cc import XML. Thao tc trc tip ln d liu khng phi l cch thc ph bin cho ngi dng Zabbix.


34

Tnh co dn (scalability): Zabbix lm vic chnh thng qua 1 agent chy trn my c gim st. Agent ny thu thp 1 lng ln thng tin ri gi v server. Cc test v Zabbix ch ra rng n s m rng c n cc s lng server m ta mong mun m khng cn bt c add on ca 1 bn th 3 no. Trong khi , nagios cn 1 vi thay i v phn mm ca bn th 3. Cng ging nh nagios, Zabbix c kh nng chy nhiu server v tp hp cc kt qu. Zabbix cng ng b vi cc server phn tn, v th duy tr th cng cc cu hnh l khng cn thit nu tnh nng ny c s dng. Zabbix cng c 1 cu hnh proxy trong server th cp (secondary server) c th hot ng nh l 1 proxy chy cc check t cc a im th cp thay cho server trung tm. Cc proxy ny c vi u, nhc im so vi nagios. Trn Nagios, tt c proxy s chy ngu nhin cc kim tra dch v trn tt c cc my. Ni cch khc, cc my c ch nh trc khng th c gn cho 1 proxy c th. u im ny khng loi tr i tnh nng gim st 1 tp cc server. Nhc im l ta khng th thit lp 1 proxy c th ng sau 1 firewall gim st cc nhm node con. Trong Zabbix, 1 proxy ring c th c gn cho 1 host ring, cho php proxy Zabbix gim st t 1 mng con khc nhau. Kh nng lp bo co (report): Zabbix c kh nng lp bo co v th tng qut. Khng nh Nagios, Zabbix tch hp chc nng thc hin v th thng k. Tuy nhin, Zabbix khng c cc ch thch dng tem thi gian (time stamped), v th khng th lu gi cc history v cng vic trong h thng. Giao din (interface): Zabbix c giao din chnh da trn nn web. N h tr gii hn cho dng lnh v cc thay i, kim sot theo script. 1 vi i tng cu hnh c th thay i thng qua XML, nhng chng cng rt gii hn. Hin vn cha tm ra cch thc hin hu ht cc chc nng qun tr thng qua dng lnh. Zabbix cng c kh nng kim tra th ng nh Nagios, cho php cc kt qu kim tra c gi v server thng qua tin ch Zabbix_sender.-

6.3. Phn tch: Mi h thng li c cc u, nhc im so vi h thng cn li, bao gm c nhng tnh nng h thng kia cn thiu. Di y l cc im then cht c xc nh: Zabbix c giao din hp dn v sng sa hn. Tuy lc u c th gy kh khn cho ngi dng trong vic nh v cc chc nng nhng tng th c h thng c th c cu hnh qua trnh duyt web.


35

Zabbix tch hp cng c bo co tt hn, c bit l khi ni n thng k v th ho v hiu nng. Nagios c th a ra nhiu cc th cng loi, nhng ch khi thng qua cc add on bn th 3 v cng c bn ngoi. Zabbix c kh nng qun l cc bin bn (log). Nagios khng lm vic vi qun l bin bn, mc d c n hn 1500 plugin bn th 3 h tr vic ny. Cc cnh bo khng th kch hot t cc s kin trong log, nn iu ny gii hn tch hu dng ca chng. Zabbix mc nh gim st 1 lng ln thng tin t mi server, nhng c th gy nh hng n gim st hiu nng server v khng gian lu tr cn thit. Nhm qun l ni dung (CMS - Content management system) tinh gim i rt nhiu thng s trong vic thu thp v lu tr chng v c s d liu Zabbix MySQL tng nhanh hn nhiu so vi kh nng qun l ca n. Trong cc qu trnh th nghim, hiu qu ca cc thng s l rt ng k nhng n cng ch ra rng cn thit nn tinh gim bt chng tit kim ti nguyn chy Zabbix. Zabbix kh cu hnh hn, c bit l trong vic to mi, tu bin cc check. N mt nhiu bc hn to nn 1 check trong Zabbix v qu trnh ny phi thc hin qua GUI. Zabbix script rc ri hn l Nagios, v tng tc vi h thng phi thng qua giao din web GUI. Giao din ng ng nh danh ca Nagios v cc file cu hnh n gin d dng hn vi cc script. Zabbix khng cho php cc bin bn cng vic hoc ch thch c lu vi tn ngi dng v nhn thi gian. N c trng ch thch t do (free-form comment field) nhng khng ghi li cc ch thch n l m chng ta mun s dng cho cc vn ca server. nagios gn 1 tn ngi dng v 1 nhn thi gian cho mi ch thch, nn mi my s c 1 history tt hn. Kh nng ny c th cho php loi b hon ton Faultlog, 1 ng dng bn trong lm cng vic gim st n gin v history ca server v cc cng vic. Thay i hng lot trong Zabbix rt chm v thng i hi thao tc nhn (click) qua giao din rt nhiu ln. Chng thm vo vi kh nng to thay i hng lot cho vi thuc tnh, nhng giao din li qu ri v vng v. Nagios, nh c cc file cu hnh n gin, cho php thay i hng lot thng qua 1 shell script n gin (thng qua perl, sed, ..) Ngi dng nu s dng v Nagios v Zabbix tin rng Nagios n nh hn. Nagios c 1 cng ng rt ln, vi hn 1500 plugin cho rt nhiu thit b v dch v ph thng hoc khng. Zabbix cng ang phtSinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

36

trin cng ng, mc d khng ln nh Nagios nhng cc plugin v tin ch li t hn rt nhiu. 6.4. Tng kt H thng no trong 2 h thng trn cng cung cp rt nhiu cc tnh nng gim st m chng ta cn. C rt nhiu cc tnh nng b tr cho mi h thng m chng ta c th mun dng trong vi trng hp, nhng khng c ci no thit yu. 2 h thng v c bn l khc nhau nhng Zabbix c cu trc hn v t mm do hn, nhng giao din li rt tt cng vi cc bo co v th hiu nng. Nagios c tnh modul v mm do hn mc dng lnh, v c cch thc to cc check mi n gin hn thng qua cc shell script n gin v cc file cu hnh dng text. Vi nhng g va nu trn, s khc bit nm ch cch m ta mun s dng h thng, Nu ta ch trng vo bo tr v tnh nng to script, Nagios c u im hn. Hn na, vi s n gin trong cch cu hnh h thng, Nagios i hi t cng sc hn Zabbix. To cc check tu bin cho cc server ch cht cng d dng hn trn Nagios. Tuy nhin c nguy c i vi cch thc m Nagios lu gi hng nghn check server v dch v trong 1 file cu hnh phng. File ny c th tr nn ln v kh kim sot, nhng bng cch to cc host mi trong cc script n gin v tch khi qu trnh trin khai, chng ta c th lm gim ri ro m n mang li. Chng III - M hnh phn mm qun tr mng m ngun m Zabbix Gii thiu Ging nh cc Tool Monitoring khc (Snort, Nagios, Nessus, ZenOS,), Zabbix em n cho t chc ca chng ta nhng g tt nht chng li cc cuc tn cng ngoi mun vo h thng, gip xc nh mc tiu b tn cng v a ra cc cnh bo hu ch cho nh qun tr. Zabbix l mt ng dng monitoring chy trn nn Web. V th yu cu c th vn hnh n cn : - Mt OS (Windows, Linux, ..).-----------> y chn Ubuntu - Mt database (SQL, MySQL, Postgresql, ).---------> Chn MySQL - Mt ngn ng lp trnh .---------------> Chn PHP - Mt gi Zabbix (c th l source code hoc gi .RPM) - Mt Webserver (Apache, IIS)--------> Chn Apache Zabbix bao gm: Zabbix-server (cng c qun tr chnh thc hin cc cng vic qun l) Zabbix-agent (lu cc tnh trng agent) Zabbix-proxy ()37

1.

-


y dng bn : Zabbix-1.8.0 tin hnh ci t v thit lp cc cu hnh. Cc thit t v cu hnh c thc hin trn h iu hnh m ngun m Ubuntu. Cng c th chn CentOS hoc Fedora lm OS nn (vic ci cc ng dng Apache, PHP, Mysql) l kh d dng. M hnh Zabbix:

-

Trong : Server: nhn ca Zabbix, logic h thng, chu trch nhim x l d liu Web front end: truy cp vo lch s d liu, cu hnh Agent: thu thp d liu, gi v cho server, thc hin vi thao tc khc. Proxy: thu thp d liu t xa.

2.

Yu cu khi trin khai ci t Pha server: Zabbix l 1 ng dng chy trn nn web nn c th s dng c n cn - 1 h iu hnh ( y l Ubuntu 8.10) - 1 c s d liu ( y l MySQL)Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

38

1 ngn ng lp trnh ( y l PHP) 1 gi ci t Zabbix (c th l bin dch t m ngun hoc gi RPM, y ta chn bin dch t m ngun) - 1 webserver ( y l Apache) - 1 s gi ci t h tr (c th l tu chn) Pha Client: c th l Windows hoc Linux, y l Windows, ta cn: - Gi ci t Zabbix agent installer cho Windows (http://www.suiviperf.com/Zabbix/) - Giao thc SNMP (Run appwiz.cpl Add/ Remove windows components Management and Monitoring Tools - SNMP) Chc nng ca cc thnh phn: - Zabbix server: cng c qun tr chnh thc hin cc cng vic qun l - Zabbix agent: lu cc tnh trng ca agent v gi n server khi c yu cu - frontend: giao din cu hnh, qun l h thng. 3. Tip cn v trin khai ci t Ta tip cn m hnh qun tr h thng theo cu trc client server: Zabbix server s c ci t trn my server l Ubuntu, Zabbix agent ci t trn cc my client. Kch bn th nghim s gm c 1 my chy Ubuntu v 1 my chy XP. a. Trn my Ubuntu - Ci t PHP5, MySQL, Apache: sudo apt-get install build-essential mysql-server libmysqlclient15dev php5 php-gd php5-mysql snmp libsnmp-dev snmp libcurl4openssl-dev - Ti gi ci t Zabbix v gii nn (c th dng quyn root hoc to user khc): wget http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/Zabbix/Zabbix1.8.tar.gz tar zxvpf Zabbix-1.8.tar.gz- To c s d liu cho Zabbix:

-

mysql u root p create database Zabbix; quit;


39

- Import c s d liu cho Zabbix

mysql -u root -p Zabbix < /home/Zabbix/Zabbix1.8/create/schema/mysql.sql mysql -u root -p Zabbix < /home/Zabbix/Zabbix1.8/create/data/data.sql mysql -u root -p Zabbix < /home/Zabbix/Zabbix1.8/create/data/images_mysql.sql - Restart Apache server: sudo apache2ctl restart- Ci t Zabbix:

cd /home/Zabbix/Zabbix-1.8 ./configure --enable-server --enable-agent --with-mysql --withnet-snmp make sudo make install- Khi ng Zabbix server v agent

Zabbix server start Zabbix agent start - Giao din khi ci t thnh cng


40

(Hnh 12)


41

- Cu hnh cho Zabbix:

Vo mc Administrator Installation, m bo cu hnh nh sau

(Hnh 13)


42

(Hnh 14) b. Mt s li c th gp v cch khc phc - Lnh khi ng server v agent khng hot ng, khng vo c trang qun tr : copy cc file Zabbix-server.sh v Zabbix-agent.sh vo folder etc/init.d, Zabbix_server v agent vo usr/sbin v usr/local/sbin

(Hnh 15) - Zabbix server khng chySinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

43

(Hnh 16) Chy lnh: nano /etc/services, thm vo cc dng sau: Zabbix-server 10050/tcp Zabbix-server 10051/tcp Zabbix-agent 10050/tcp. nano /etc/Zabbix/Zabbix_agent.conf, tm dng Server = 127.0.0.1 nano /etc/Zabbix/Zabbix_server.conf, cu hnh DBName, DBUser, DBPassword sao cho ging vi khi to c s d liu. ListenIP=127.0.0.1 Kt qu:


44

(Hnh 17) - Kt qu khi chy cu lnh kim tra tin trnh ps aux |grep Zabbix: ta thy Zabbix server v agent hot ng.

(Hnh 18) - Sa li ssh v sshd is not running: sudo apt-get install opensshserverSinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

45

- Sa li ftp server is not running: sudo apt-get install vsftpd

c. Qun tr Server v agent - Vo mc Configuration, Hosts, Create Host, chn thit lp cho server nh sau:

(Hnh 19) Thit lp ch thnh cng khi biu tng ch Z c mu xanh. Thit lp tng t cho agent vi templates l Template_windows v IP l IP ca agent.


46

(Hnh 20) d. Trn my Client - Ci gi ci t Zabbix agent installer cho Windows ti (http://www.suiviperf.com/Zabbix/) - Ci t giao thc SNMP (Run appwiz.cpl Add/Remove windows components - Management and Monitoring Tools - SNMP) - Chc chn rng services Zabbix_agent.exe lun chy bng cch kim tra task manager. Nu dch v cha chy th vo Run Services.msc, chn dch v ZABBIX agent Start. - Cu hnh file Zabbix_agentd.conf trong Program Files/Zabbix agent: Server=IP ca server (khng phi IP local host) B du # Hostname=system.uname ListenPort = 10050 ListenIP= IP ca server (khng phi IP local host) - Tng t, vic cu hnh ch thnh cng khi biu tng ch Z trong bng qun tr c mu xanh. - Hoc ta cng c th ci t Zabbix agent th cng To file cu hnh nh trn server: c:/Zabbix_agentd.conf Vo Run, chy lnh Zabbix_agentd.exe install Khi ng dch v Zabbix_agentd.exe start Mt s chc nng ca Zabbix.Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

4.

47

a. V biu 1 s thng tin v h thng nh ti CPU, khng gian trng trn a ti my agent cng nh server

(Hnh 21)


48

(Hnh 23)

(Hnh 24)


49

b. Kim tra nh k nhng my kt ni vo mng

(Hnh 25) Bng cch gn di IP cn kim tra vo mc Discovery ca Zabbix, ta c th kim tra xem nhng my no ang v va tham gia kt ni vo mng, gn cho chng template tng ng qun l. Phng thc kim tra c th l thng qua giao thc HTTP, SSH, Telnet, POP, NNTP.Ngha l nu c bt c dch v no s dng cc giao thc trn s c pht hin v a vo danh mc qun l ca Zabbix. Tng t, khi 1 my no ri khi mng cng c pht hin.


50

(Hnh 26) c bit, Zabbix cn c c ch thng bo qua email, thm ch l sms i vi tng s kin nh c li, c my tham gia vo mng,bng cch thit lp action tng ng. Ngi qun tr phi khai bo email m mnh mun s dng trong mc Media Types


51

(Hnh 27)


52

c. Qun l cc s kin (event) xy ra trn cc my

(Hnh 28) d. Bn ho h thng


53

e. Chy cc script t to hoc c sn thc hin lnh vi cc my c qun l.

(Hnh 30)

(Hnh 31)


54

Kt qu khi chy script Ping vi my XP (192.168.171.129)

(Hnh 32) Chng IV M hnh gim st chc nng dch v lu di (persistent service function monitoring) 1. M hnh h thng: - H thng ci Ubuntu server 8.10 - Apache, PHP 5, Zabbix 1.8.0 ci t nh trn - Cc my client, chy h iu hnh Windows hoc Linux. - T m hnh c bn ca Zabbix:


55

trin khai h thng, ta c thm 2 modul, ni cch khc l 2 tab trn giao din web ca Zabbix l Scan v Connect - Scan 1 tn min hoc 1 my/di my pht hin cc cng ng m trn


56

-

(Hnh 33) To 1 kt ni n my va qut kim tra s hot ng ca 1 s dch v.


57

2. Th nghim a. Yu cu bi ton - Kim tra tnh tn ti ca cc dch v trn 1 hoc 1 s my bng cch qut cng tng ng vi dch v . - Nu dch v c tn ti (cng tng ng c m hoc c trong danh sch cc cng) th kim tra xem dch v c hot ng tt hay khng. b. Kch bn th nghim - a vo 1 tn min, 1 a ch IP 1 my v 1 di IP - Qut xem trn c nhng dch v no ang chy thng qua cc cng ng m - To kt ni n 1 s dch v c. Qu trnh th nghim - a vo 1 tn min, kim tra xem trn c nhng dch v no. y l trang dtdh.hut.edu.vn

-

(Hnh 35) a vo 1 di IP xem trn cc my trong c nhng dch v no ang chy. y l di 202.191.57.96/3058


(Hnh 36) To kt ni n 1 my v test th cc dch v trn . y l my 192.168.40.96 vi 2 dch v l ftp v telnet.


59

-

Kt qu ca dch v ftp l to 1 th mc c tn l www trn my ch, kt qu ca lnh telnet l lit k ni dung c trong th mc c telnet n.

(Hnh 38)

(Hnh 39)d. Hiu nng v kt qu

So snh vi folder trc v sau khi kim tra dch v FTP, ta thy folder www tht s c to, iu ny chng t kt qu kim tra l ng


60

(Hnh 40)


61

Nu nh chc nng Scan ta a vo 1 tn min hoc 1 IP n l, Zabbix c th a ra kt qu rt nhanh, ch sau 1 vi giy. Tuy nhin, nu ta a vo 1 di IP, v d nh 192.168.40.96/xx vi xx l net host th thi gian check c th ko di t vi chc giy ln n vi pht. Nguyn nhn l do lnh nmap phi thc hin qut tt c cc cng trn mi my pht hin ra cc cng ng, m, tng ng c cc dch v no ang chy. Mt khc, cu hnh h thng cng c th nh hng n qu trnh x l lnh. chc nng Connect, thi gian thc hin mi lnh l rt nhanh, ch trong vi giy. Chng V Kt lun v hng pht trin 1. Kt lun Zabbix l 1 phn mm qun tr mng rt d s dng v thn thin nhng li c nhiu chc nng c ch cho cng vic qun tr h thng. Ngn ng pht trin ca Zabbix l PHP nn rt d vit thm cc modul m rng, nhm tng cng tnh nng cho Zabbix. Trong n ca mnh, hin em mi ch lm c modul qut cng (finger print) pht hin cc dch v ang hot ng trn my v thc hin to kt ni n cc dch v kim tra tnh sn sng ca dch v. Tuy nhin v kin thc ca em c hn v ngun ti liu tham kho rt hn ch, sn phm cha c tt v phong ph nh mong mun. 2. Hng pht trin - Chc nng chy external script cho cc agent - Chy 1 chng trnh no quy nh trc, gi kt qu v cho server - Th tc qun l ngi dng trong h thng: mi khi c 1 ngi dng tham gia vo h thng, ngi s phi ln trang ch ca h thng ng k thng tin c nhn, phng ban v v tr t my ri ti gi agent v ci t. T agent ta c th to ra 1 c s d liu v ngi dng, thng tin v v tr phng ban, ni t my ca ngi dng. T , ta c th d dng xc nh v x l nu c li xy ra. - Modul t ngt v c lp my c li, virus hoc b tn cng. Modul ny s cho php loi b tm thi my ra khi mng nu c du hiu bt thng trn trang qun tr ca Zabbix. Du hiu c th l ti CPU, lu lng mng, s lng kt ni. xut pht t my qu cao. - Cho php cm 1 s dch v trn ton mng hoc cc my c quy nh trc. c bit l cc dch v c th lm nh hng n hiu sut hoc an ninh ca ton mng nh torrent.Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Ngc Kha 50 Lp Truyn thng v mng my tnh

62

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Cho php gii hn bng thng mng cho 1 my, cn bng ti cho ton mng..


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Ph lc 1. Danh mc cc hnh Hnh 1: M hnh SMI Hnh 2: V tr ca MIB II Hnh 3: M hnh hot ng ca SNMP Hnh 4: Hot ng ca agent vi lnh get Hnh 5: Minh ho qu trnh ly thng tin ca agent Hnh 6: Hot ng ca agent vi lnh get-bulk Hnh 7: Hot ng ca agent vi lnh set Hnh 8: SNMP traps Hnh 9: Cc loi focal point lin kt vi nhau trong mi trng ONA Hnh 10: M hnh Workgroup Hnh 11: M hnh Domain Hnh 12: Giao din ci t Zabbix khi thnh cng Hnh 13: Cu hnh cho Zabbix Hnh 14: Cu hnh cho Zabbix Hnh 15: Li khi Zabbix agent v server khng chy Hnh 16: Li khi Zabbix agent v server khng chy Hnh 17: Sau khi sa li Hnh 18: Kim tra tin trnh Hnh 19: Thit lp qun tr server v agent Hnh 20: Thit lp qun tr server v agent Hnh 21: Biu ti CPU Hnh 22: Biu khng gian a trng trn server Hnh 23: Biu khng gian a trng trn client Hnh 24: Biu o tc duyt web Hnh 25: Thit lp autodiscovery Hnh 26: Thng bo autodiscovery Hnh 27: Thit lp gi thng bo qua email cho admin Hnh 28: Thit lp gi thng bo qua email cho admin Hnh 29: Qun l cc event xy ra trn cc my Hnh 30: Bn ho h thng Hnh 31: Chy cc script Hnh 32: Chy cc script Hnh 33: Kt qu khi chy script ping Hnh 34: Giao din chc nng qut cng Hnh 35: Giao din chc nng to kt ni Hnh 36: Kt qu khi thc hin qut 1 IP Hnh 37: Kt qu khi thc hin qut 1 di IP Hnh 38: Thc hin kt ni Hnh 39: Kt ni thnh cng vi dch v ftp Hnh 40: Kt ni thnh cng vi dch v telnet Hnh 41: Kim tra my ch trc khi ftp 64


- Hnh 42: My ch sau khi ftp 2. Ti liu tham kho - Zabbix 1.8 Network Monitoring - Rihards Olups - ZABBIX Manual v1.6 - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723464.aspx - http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723469.aspx - http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/handbook/IB M-Net-Mgmt.html - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_administration - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNMP - http://www.topbits.com/cisco-three-layer-hierarchical-model-vs-osimodel.html - http://php.net/manual/en/function.ftp-connect.php - http://www.topbits.com/cisco-network-management.html - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=459867 - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=935355 - https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ZabbixHOWTO - http://www.Zabbix.com/forum/ - http://roninonrails.blogspot.com/search/label/Zabbix - http://dbglory.wordpress.com/2009/09/20/cai-dat-apache-php-mysql-trenubuntu/ - http://www.suiviperf.com/Zabbix/ - http://www.Zabbix.com/forum/ - https://help.ubuntu.com/6.06/ubuntu/serverguide/C/ftp-server.html - http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-setup-Zabbix-monitoring-application-inubuntu-9-04-jaunty-server.html - http://www.howtoforge.com/Zabbix_network_monitoring - http://ravibhure.wordpress.com/2008/06/30/installing-Zabbix-server-andagent-on-ubuntu-gusty-710/ - http://phpsense.com/php/php-ftp-functions.html 3. Ni dung cc file m ngun - ftp.php

telnet.php


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- scan.php Scan Enter your domain name and click scan. URL to scan:

nguyen_ngoc_-_2005c282_-_mo_hinh_giam_sat_chuc_nang_dich_vu_lau_dai_dua_tren_zabbix

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