nwm_ch_2

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

1/35

Chapter 2

Computer Network Technology

Chapter 2

Network Management: Principles and Practice© Mani Subramanian 2000

2!

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

2/35

Notes

Technology and Management

Chapter 2

" #hat are the technologies that need to managed$

" Challenges o% technological progress on

network management


22

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

3/35

Notes

Computer Network Technology

Chapter 2

" Network comprises

" Nodes" &inks

" Topology: 'ow they(re con%igured" &)N" #)N

" *istinction between &)N and #)N


2+

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

4/35

Notes

LANs

Chapter 2

"Type o% &)Ns" ,thernet

" -ast ,thernet" .igabit ,thernet" 'al%duple/ s -ullduple/" Switched ,thernet

" &)N" Token ring" -**1" )TM &)N,


23

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

5/35

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

6/35

Notes

WANs

Chapter 2

" -acilities Media" #ired

" Copper " Coa/ial" -iber

" #ireless

" Terrestrial" Satellite

" Mode" *igital" )nalog

" Ser7ices" P8TS" 1S*N" 4roadband


29

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

7/35

Notes

Basic LAN Topologies

Chapter 2

Figure 2.!"# $ing Topology

Figure 2.!a# Bus Topology

,thernet

*T, *T, *T,

*T, *T,

*T,

*T,*T,

*T,

" 4us topology" sed in ,thernet &)N %amily" Common shared medium" 5andomi;ed access 30>" Single culprit could e%%ect the entire &)N


2?

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

8/35

Notes

Basic LAN Topologies

Chapter 2

Figure 2.!"# $ing Topology

Figure 2.!a# Bus Topology

,thernet

*T, *T, *T,

*T, *T,

*T,

*T,*T,

*T,

" 5ing Topology" sed in token ring and -**1" Shared medium" *eterministic access" Master *T, has control" 'igh utili;ation @A0>


2B

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

9/35

Notes

%tar & 'y"rid LAN Topologies

Chapter 2

*T,

*T,

*T,

*T,

Figure 2.!d# 'u" Con(igurations

*T,

*T,

*T,

*T,

Token 5ing 'ub,thernet 'ub

" Star topology used with bus and ring topology" 'ub is &)N in a bo/D

" #hat does the electronic &)N inside the bo/look like$

" #hy has hub become so popular$

Figure 2.!c# %tar Topology

*T,

*T,

*T,

*T,

*T, *T,


2A

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

10/35

Notes

A Campus Network

Chapter 2

,thernet !0E!E!E0

!0E!E!E2 !0E!E!E+ !0E!E!E3 !0E!E!E6

4ridge

,thernet !0E!E2E0

!0E!E2E2 !0E!E2E+ !0E!E2E3 !0E!E2E6

!0E!E2E9

!0E!E!E!

5outer

!0E!E2E!

-**1 5ing

!0E!0E0E0

Tokenring

!0E2E!E0

5 o u t e r

' a l % 5 o u t e r

' a l % 5 o u t e r

, t h e r n e t ! 0 E + E ! E 0

Figure 2.) Campus Network o( LANs

)TM ,&)N !0E3E!E0

5outer

5outer

,/ternal

Network

" )TM &)N an alternati7e to -**1 backbone


2!0

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

11/35

Notes

WAN Topologies

Chapter 2

N+

N3

N2

N6N!

Figure 2.2!a# Mesh Topology

N9

N!

N2 N+

N9N6N3

Figure 2.2!"# Tree Topology

" Mesh topology

" 1mplemented in network layer le7el" Multiple paths between nodes" -lat topology" 5edundancy" &oad balancing" Shortest path

" Tree topology" sed with ,thernet bridges" 'ierarchical" ,%%icient %or small networks and

special purpose networks


2!!

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

12/35

Notes

*thernet

Chapter 2

" 1,,, B02E+ standard" !0 Mbps data rate" Collision analogy o% hollow pipe

" Principle o% operationF CSM)C*" Segment length and drop cable length" Minimum si;e o% packet 93 bytes" Ma/imum si;e o% packet !600 bytes" 'ub con%iguration

Ta"le 2. *thernet LAN Topology Limits

TGP, *,SC51PT18N S,.M,NT &,N.T' *58P C)4&,

!04ase2 Thin coa/

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

13/35

Notes

Fast *thernet

Chapter 2

" 5ationale" Ma/ drop length !00m H@ Ma/ roundtrip

time !!0 o% ,thernetF hence !0 times data rate" Standard !004aseT3" Compatibility with !04aseT" TP limitationF se 3pair TP I 26 Mbpspair " )lternati7es: 2pair !004aseTJ Cat 6

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

14/35

Notes

LAN /ata $ate $ace

Chapter 2

,(Net

!0Mbps

-**1

!00 Mbps-ast ,(Net

!00Mbps )TM

!66E62 Mbps.bit ,(Net

! .bps

*uple/

,(nets )TM

8Cn


2!3

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

15/35

Notes

0ig"it *thernet

Chapter 2

Ta"le 2.2 0iga"it *thernet Topology Limits

AmicronSingleMode

60micronSingleMode

60 micronMultimode

92E6micron

Multimode

4alanceShielded

Cable

TP

!0004)S,&J !0 km + km 660 m 330 m

!0004)S,SJ 660 m 290 m

!0004)S,CJ 26 m

!0004)S,T !00 m

" Packet si;e 6!2 bytesK slot si;e 3E0A9 microseconds" Minimum %rame si;e 93 bytes %or backward

compatibilityF Slot %illed with carrier e/tension

" Packet bursts with no idle time between %rames increases e%%iciency


2!6

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

16/35

Notes

%witched *thernet

Chapter 2

Switched

hub

*T,

*T, *T,

*T,

*T, *T,

*T, *T,

Figure 2.1 %witched *thernet 'u"

" Ma/imum throughput increased LN2 in Nport hub" Snooping capability lost %or management


2!9

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

17/35

Notes

Client%er3er Con(iguration using

%witched 'u"

Chapter 2

Ser7er

Switched hub

#orkstation #orkstation #orkstation

!0 Mbps !0 Mbps

!0 Mbps

!00 Mbps

Figure 2.4 %witched 'u" in Client-%er3er Con(iguration


2!?

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

18/35

Notes

5irtual LAN

Chapter 2

5outer Switched 'ub

*T, !

*T, 2

*T, +

*T, 3

*T, 6&)N

200E!00E!60E!

&)N

200E!00E!90E!

Port %o r Subnets

200E!00E!60E!

200E!00E!90E!

Figure 2., 5irtual LANs

" Switched hub enables establishing 7irtual &)Ns" Permits switching stations between &)Ns without

physical mo7ing o% euipment

" #alk through scenario


2!B

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

19/35

Notes

Token $ing

Chapter 2

" )dopted by 14M" 1,,, B02E6 standard" *ata rates o% 3Mbps and !9 Mbps

" Single and dual ring &)Ns

*T, 3

*T, +*T, !

*T, 2

Figure 2. Token $ing LAN

Token

5ing

+ to ! )CO

! to + MS.

*T, ! has

token control


2!A

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

20/35

Notes

/ual $ing T$ LAN

Chapter 2

Figure 2.2!a# Token $ing /ual $ing Management

*T, 3

*T, +*T, !

*T, 2

5edundant

5ing

Primary5ing


220

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

21/35

Notes

Failure $eco3ery in T$ LAN

Chapter 2

" Station %ailure reco7ery" &ink %ailure reco7ery


22!

*T, 3

*T, 2

*T, +*T, !

Figure 2.2!"# Token $ing /T* 6solation

-ailed Station

Figure 2.2!c# Token $ing %egment 6solation

*T, 3

*T, 2

*T, +*T, !

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

22/35

Notes

F//6

Chapter 2

Figure 2.)!a# /ual $ing F//6 Network Con(iguration

*)S

S)SS)S

*)S

S)S Single )ttached Station

*)S *ual )ttached Station

" ses %iber optics medium" Modi%ied token ring protocol" *ata rate !00 Mbps

" Segment length !00 km" 600 stations in the ring with ma/ separation o% 2 km" Single and dual attached stations" *ual attached stations load share the two rings


222

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

23/35

Notes

Basic Network Nodes

Chapter 2

5outing

)TM Switch

)TM)TM

Figure 2.+!a# %witch

4ridge

&ocal &)N

,thernet

Packets

Figure 2.+!"# Bridge

-ilter

5outer

&ocal Network

1P Packets

Figure 2.+!c# $outer

-ilter 5outing

Figure 2.+ Basic Network Node Components

.ateway

JE26

NetworkPackets

1P

NetworkPackets

Figure 2.+!d# $outer

-ormatchange

,/ternal &)N

,thernet

Packets

,/ternal Network

1P Packets


22+

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

24/35

Notes

Network Node Components

Chapter 2

" 'ubs" 4ridges" 5emote bridges

" 5outers" .ateways" 'al% bridge hal% router " Switches

5outer

Switched

'ub

4ridge

5emote

4ridge

)TM

Switch

.ateway ,/ternalNetwork

'al% 5outer

5outer 'ub#orkstation

*ialupNetwork

,/ternal

Network

Figure 2.7 Networked Components

'ub

'ub


223

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

25/35

Notes

'u"s

Chapter 2

" 'ub is a plat%orm" -unction dependent on what is housed

" &)N

" Switched &)N" 4ridge

'ub

Patch Panel

*T, *T, *T, *T,

#iring Closet

Figure 2.8!a# 'u" Con(iguration


226

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

26/35

Notes

%tacked 'u"s

Chapter 2

'ub 2

'ub !

4ackplane

1nterconnection

T o * T , s

Figure 2.8!"# %tacked 'u"

" 'ub ports can be scaled up using stacked hubs" Stacked hub

" e/tend back plane

" connected as daisy chain


229

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

27/35

Notes

Bridges

Chapter 2

4ridge

&ocal 4ridge 5emote 4ridge

Simple

Multiport

MultiportMultiprotocol

" 4ridges two nodes at data link control layer

" ,thernet: tree topologyK transparent bridge" Token ring:mesh topologyK source routing bridge

" 5emote bridge uses #)N inter%ace cardsF

same protocol used at both ends" ,thernet bridge is a learning bridge


22?

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

28/35

Notes

$outers

Chapter 2

Protocol inter%ace

Physical medium )

TP

NP

*P

Phy

TP

NP

*P

Phy

5outer

Network )

Protocol P

Network 4

Protocol P5outer

NP

*P

Phy

NP

*P

Phy

Figure 2.2 $outer Con(iguration

Physical medium 4

" 5outers operate at network layer " 5outes packets between nodes o% similar

network protocols

" 5outing table used to route packets" *&C and Physical layers could be di%%erent

under the same common network layer protocol


22B

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

29/35

Notes

0ateway

Chapter 2

Protocol inter%ace

Physical medium

TP

NP

*P

Phy

TP

NP

*P

Phy

.ateway

Network )Protocol P Network 4Protocol Q.ateway

NP

*P

Phy

NP

*P

Phy

Figure 2.22 0ateway Con(iguration

" .ateway is router connecting two networks with

dissimilar network protocols" .ateway does the protocol con7ersion at the

network layer " Protocol con7erter does the con7ersion at the

application layer


22A

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

30/35

Notes

Tunneling

Chapter 2

1P

Multiprotocol

5outer

JE26

Multiprotocol

5outer

1P , t h e r n e t

, t h e r n e tTunnel

Figure 2.2+ Tunneling 9sing Multiprotocol $outers

Roe(s Mobile

&oc: Seattle

Sally

&E)

'ome &)N

NGTunneling -oreign

)gent

" Tunneling is transmission o% packets

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

31/35

Notes

'al(-Bridge

Chapter 2

5outer 4ridge , t h e r n e t

PPPMP

Serial

8utput

Figure 2.27 'al(-Bridge Con(iguration

" 'al%bridge

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

32/35

Notes

%witched Networks

Chapter 2

" Switches are embedded in bridges and routers" Switched network used in #)N

" Two types o% switched networks" Circuitswitched" Packetswitched

" *atagram ser7ice" irtual circuit

4

) *

C

*T, ) *T,

Pkt+ Pkt2 Pkt!Pkt2 Pkt+ Pkt!

Pkt!Pkt+

Pkt2

Pkt2Pkt2

Figure 2.28!a# /atagram Con(iguration

4

) *

C

*T, ) *T,

Pkt+ Pkt2 Pkt!Pkt+ Pkt2 Pkt!

Pkt+

Pkt2

Pkt!

Figure 2.28!"# 5irtual Circuit Con(iguration


2+2

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

33/35

Notes

Transmission Technology

Chapter 2

Transmission Technology

Medium Mode

#ired #ireless

&)N #)N

*igital )nalog

&)N Mobile Satellite

" Physical transport media" TP" Coa/

" -iber " Terrestrial wireless" Satellite transmission


2++

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

34/35

Notes

Transmission Modes

Chapter 2

Figure 2.2:!c# Cell Transmission !ATM#

Figure 2.2:!"# acket Transmission ! ;.27#

:ser ! :ser 2 :ser + :ser 3:ser 23

Time

C h a n n e l

4 a n d w i d t h

Time

Time

*i7ision

Multiple/ing

8/20/2019 NWM_ch_2

35/35

Notes

Broad"and %er3ices

Chapter 2

S*' S8N,T

#)N

Campus)TM &)N

Network

Campus)TM &)N

Network

5esidential

Customer

Network

5esidential

Customer

Network

8Cn STSn

&ink

8Cn STSn

&ink

Figure 2.21 Broad"and %er3ices Network

Ser7ice

Pro7iders.ateway

4roadband

)ccess

4roadband

)ccess

" 1ntegrated ser7ices: oiceK 7ideoK and data" Narrow band 1S*N

nwm_ch_2

Documents