採訪撰文 Interview & Text / 賴宛靖 Wan-ching Lai、連欣華 Hsin-hua Lian 翻譯 Translator / 張詩白 James Chang 圖片提供 Photo provider／高遠文化 林文吉先生 Mr. Wun-ji Lin, Utmost Culture 特別感謝 Special thanks to ／台灣大學生命科學系周蓮香教授 Prof. Lian-siang Jhou, Dept. of Life Science, National Taiwan University，高遠文化 林文吉先生 Mr. Wun-ji Lin, Utmost Culture，林務局鄭伊娟小姐 Mrs. Yi-jyuan of Forestry Bureau

「中華白海豚比人類還不會生小孩。」台灣大學

生態與演化生物學研究所的周蓮香教授語

氣中充滿著憐惜，「平均壽命30到40歲的牠們，初生

到熟齡要至10-12年，孕期長達快1年，生完一胎要

休息個2、3年才能再生育。白海豚窮其一生，也許

只能有5、6胎，在沒有像人類醫療健保下，能有一半

活下來就不錯了，換句話說每隻雌性中華白海豚一

生充其量不過能留下3隻子代，你說我們怎麼能不好

好珍惜？」說起中華白海豚，您也許曾在保育新聞看

過，也知道有一群科學家、保育團體為了這處境堪

慮的生命終年勞碌奔走，然而，保育工作可不是個

稍縱即逝的新聞片段，對這群珍愛海豚的人來說，

無論媒體是否關注，保育工作從未間斷。

說起中華白海豚，您也許曾在保育新聞看過，也

知道有一群科學家、保育團體為了這處境堪慮的生

命終年勞碌奔走，然而，保育工作可不是個稍縱即

逝的新聞片段，對這群珍愛海豚的人來說，無論媒

體是否關注，保育工作從未間斷。

「中華白海豚在台灣，有些保育團體常親切地稱牠

們為『媽祖魚』，稱呼應來自於廈門地區常在媽祖誕

辰前後看見白海豚蹤影。不過，台灣漁民多半叫中

華白海豚為『白鯃』。」周教授說明，保育團體的用意

“Sousa chinensis are worse than humans

when it comes to bearing children,”

said Prof. Lien-siang Chou pitifully. “With a life

expectancy of only 30 to 40 years, it takes them 10

to 12 years to reach maturity. A pregnancy lasts 1

year and requires 2 to 3 years of rest before another

one. Each female Sousa chinensis may only have

5 to 6 births in its life. Unlike humans with sound

medical care, though, only half of the newborns

could live. How can we not treasure them?”

You may have seen Sousa chinensis in news

about conservat ion and heard about some

scientists and groups devoting themselves to this

cause. However, conservation is not just a few

minutes of news clips. For these dolphin lovers, their

work never stops, with or without news coverage.

“Sousa chinensis are often nicknamed by

conservationists as ‘Matsu's (goddess of the sea)

Fish' because they appear around the birthday of

Matsu in Xiamen. However, Taiwanese fishermen

call them ‘white dolphins,'” explained Prof.

Chou. Conservationists hope to communicate the

importance of protecting the dolphin by giving them

nicknames. The ultimate goal is to arouse people's

love toward them.

Something more charming than “Ponyo” Sousa chinensis in Taiwan Strait

台灣海峽 中華白海豚研究紀實

比「波妞」更讓人著迷的可愛身影

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中華白海豚保育上，各界紛紛積極護育，逐漸做出成績 / 高遠文化提供People have joined hands in conservation and succeeded. / Photo provided by Utmost Culture

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分佈海域

外傘頂洲

台南縣

族群穩定海域

特殊目擊海域

探究調查中

?

?

?

TAIWAN

1000mi

2000km

苗栗縣

新竹縣

台中縣

彰化縣

雲林縣

嘉義縣

台南縣

北港溪

八掌溪

濁水溪

大安溪

台東縣

大肚溪

N

是希望能藉由更親切的方式，來傳遞保護中華白海

豚的意義，若能因為移情作用，讓民眾進而對中華

白海豚升起愛護之心，不啻是件好事。

大海找「豚」　一曬就是數小時

中華白海豚的生態研究起於1992年，由周教授

等人先針對台灣沿海、澎湖、金門等本島與外島漁

港進行問卷調查，初調結果顯示彰化王公、澎湖與

金門沿海有中華白海豚的分布；雖然1994-5年期間

曾在金門廈門水域巡查，廈門有許多發現，但是金

門當時僅有擱淺紀錄及民眾通報紀錄。2002年，福

爾摩沙鯨研究小組王愈超博士目擊了中華白海豚的

蹤跡，自此確立了苗栗、台中與彰化沿海的族群分

布，海上的調查紀錄由此跨出一大步。2005年起在

農委會的委託下，周教授研究團隊進行連續3年的

中華白海豚調查研究。

「在茫茫大海中找行蹤撲朔迷離的海豚，其實是件

苦差事。」看著周教授出海研究的照片，曝曬在烈日

下的她雖然做了充足的防曬工作，想到這研究必須

忍著風浪顛簸的不適、海風烈日的桎梏，每趟平均

須在海面上待上近5小時，才可能會看到難得一見

的蹤跡，不禁由衷佩服。即便如此，科學家及保育

團體們對於中華白海豚的保育熱忱，仍絲毫未減。

A “Dolphin” in the Sea Takes Hours to FindStudy on Sousa chinensis ecology began in 1992.

The preliminary survey spearheaded by Prof. Chou and

others defined habitats along the coasts in Changhua,

Penghu, and Kinmen. A second survey in between 1994

and 1995 also resulted in some findings in Xiamen but

only reported records of stranded dolphins in Kinmen.

Dr. John Y. Wang of the FormosaCetus Research &

Conservation Group spotted Sousa chinensis in 2002

and confirmed more habitats in coastal Miaoli, Taichung,

and Changhua. Authorized by the Council of Agriculture,

Prof. Chou hence started a 3-year research on Sousa chinensis in 2005.

“It was difficult to find a dolphin in the sea.” Prof.

Chou showed pictures of their expeditions. One has

to admire her for the discomforts she had to put up

with and the passion scientists and conservationists

have toward Sousa chinensis. Each adventure required

nearly 5 hours of exposure to the sultry sun to spot the

precious creature.

分佈海域

外傘頂洲

台南縣

族群穩定海域

特殊目擊海域

探究調查中

?

?

?

TAIWAN

1000mi

2000km

苗栗縣

新竹縣

台中縣

彰化縣

雲林縣

嘉義縣

台南縣

北港溪

八掌溪

濁水溪

大安溪

台東縣

大肚溪

N

周教授於2008年所執行的中華白海豚分布調查。The distribution investment in 2008 of Sousa chinensis of Professor Chou.

中華白海豚的世界分布圖。約分布於長江以南經印度半島到東非等沿近海域，澳洲北部沿海亦有族群分布。中華白海豚生活在水淺的海域，出現的水深通常不超過20公尺。World Distribution Map of Sousa chinensis.Sousa chinensis distributed around from the south of the Changjiang River, across Indian peninsula and to the sea area of the East Africa,they also could be found in the north sea area of Australia. Sousa chinensis lived in the shallows of the sea area and usuallyappeared in the depth of water won't exceed than 20 meters.

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「比起陸域工作研究，海上的工作難度高上數倍，每次

出航都需耗費相當大的人力及資金，面對這些得來不易的

出海調查計畫，研究團隊們都不敢大意輕忽，無不卯足全

力，就希望能多觀察幾隻海豚。」

2005年，周教授首次出海調查白海豚出沒範圍，耗費

一整年時間，結果卻不如預期，「我們先設定海豚出沒範

圍3海哩，結果鮮少發現其縱跡；第2年，出航總次數為

18趟，開始把範圍縮減為1海哩，便發現白海豚在台灣西

部沿海區域似乎呈現叢集分布，以港口、河口與嘉義外傘

頂洲為分布熱點，每群發現次數約為1~5隻，目擊率約為

40~50%。」後兩年再修正航線為離岸約1公里，目擊率增

為70~80%。

比起首年調查的寥寥結果，次年收穫較豐，讓研究團

隊十分振奮。2007年，團隊再出航20趟，針對台中與雲

“Compared to study on land, the work was

much tougher. Each trip cost lots of manpower and

money. The research team was working seriously

and studiously just to catch sight of more dolphins

and observe them.”

The first-year study in 2005 was not successful.

“We set the dolphin activity range at a radius of 3

nautical miles and hardly found any. In Year 2, we

cut down the range to 1 nautical mile and found

that they clustered along the west coast of Taiwan,

mostly in ports, river mouths and Waisanding Sand

Bar with around 1 to 5 dolphins in each school. The

encounter rate was 40% to 50%.”

The success in the second year inspired the

research team with 20 more trips in 2007, which

confirmed more nursing habitats of Sousa chinensis

美麗的鯨豚，該與人類有著美麗的相遇 / 高遠文化提供Beautiful cetaceans are supposed to have pleasant encounters with humans. / Photo provided by Utmost Culture

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林、嘉義地區進行追蹤，確定了中華白海豚繁殖育幼

棲地至少包含嘉義外傘頂洲沿海、大甲溪至大肚溪口

沿海。

得來不易的「大頭照」　　

科學用的白海豚「大頭照」主要包括背鰭附近清晰的

輪廓斑紋，是個體辨識的主要依據，「隨著出海次數的

增加，當發現的新個體數累積到某一階段不再往上升

時，就代表其為現存之數量，根據研究團隊的資料，

目前台中到嘉義的中華白海豚約為103隻，北邊的苗

栗地區則仍尚待研究。」周教授本著嚴謹的科學家精

神，特別補充道。

忍受著風浪帶來的眩暈，當期盼了半天的海豚出現

時，研究團隊便會倦意全消，立刻以「相片鑑定法」來

紀錄觀察過的白海豚。相信讀者與筆者一樣好奇，海

豚都長得一樣不是嗎？就算有幸能拍到照片，又該如

何分辨？

「利用中華白海豚背鰭上的花紋，來做歸納整理，就

像人的指紋、斑馬的花紋，白海豚身上的色斑不會是

一樣的，所以我們就可以分辨出是否紀錄過。」周教授

細心解釋。「在海上載浮載沉許久，好不容易看到海豚

that include the coastal areas off Chiayi Waisanding

Sand Bar, Dajia River, and Dadu River.

“Mug Shots” Taken under HardshipThe scientific “mug shot” of Sousa chinensis

primarily shows the clear dorsal fin rays used to

identify each dolphin. “The accumulated number

of located dolphins that stops increasing after a

certain number of trips is the total population. There

are around 103 Sousa chinensis from Taichung

to Chiayi and the number in Miaoli is still being

investigated,” explained Prof. Chou.

The dizziness caused by the wind and waves is

nothing compared to the appearance of long-waited

dolphins. The research team documents passing

dolphins with photo- identification. Like me, you

may think that they all look the same and how will

the photos help?

“The dorsal fin rays are like human fingerprints

and zebra stripes. The white spots on each Sousa chinensis are different and enable us to distinguish

them,” explained Prof. Chou with patience. “What

we do is wait on the boat until they show up and

keep pressing the camera shutter before verifying

them against laboratory pictures. It was often that

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的蹤跡，猛按快門，然後期待著回實驗室比對照片中背鰭

後鑑定他們名字，許多照片在船身晃動中失焦，在電腦前

失望地乾瞪眼，也是常有的事。」

離人最近 卻傷得最重

當科學家釐清了中華白海豚主要生活於沿近海域、水深

不超過20公尺的棲地特性，似乎讓中華白海豚的生存窘

境，更得到了印證。

牠們的家園與人類活動頻繁的水域重疊，面臨了環境污

染、棲地破壞與漁業衝擊的種種威脅，然而，學者專家及

保育團體的憂心與大力宣導，是否真能實際打入人心？

「其實可以試想一下，能吃的食物變得很難找、不斷有

人類製造的污水及高分貝噪音環繞在你身邊，甚至是螺旋

槳在頭上不停轉動，這些使人不舒服的狀態，往往就是中

華白海豚面臨的處境。」

台灣西部沿海的重工業活動發達，填海造陸的開發影

響中華白海豚的食物資源分布，減少所能食用之小型魚或

頭足類動物的數量；船隻的密集活動則常造成其族群活

動的意外傷害，在2004年的調查中，就發現西部沿海有

10.7% 的中華白海豚有疑似遭船隻螺旋槳打傷或魚網纏勒

等的人為傷害。環境影響方面，廢水與噪音污染也應該是

中華白海豚生存上的最大干擾。

we could do nothing with out-of-focus photos.”

The Closest to Us, the Worst Hurt by UsThe discovery of the truth that Sousa chinensis

mainly live in coastal waters no deeper than 20

meters explains the difficulties facing them.

Their habitats are in the waters with the most

frequent human activities and endangered by

environmental pollution and the fishing industry. Can

the concerns and efforts of scholars, experts and

conservationists hit home?

“Imagine that, there is no much edible food.

The water is always polluted and the noise never

stops. There are even propellers constantly rotating

overhead. These are the discomforts felt by Sousa chinensis.”

Development of heavy industries and coastal land

reclamation have undermined the food resources

available to the dolphins. The quantity of edible

small fish or cephalopods has decreased. And

boats often result in injuries. A 2004 survey found

that 10.7% of Sousa chinensis were allegedly hurt

by boat propellers or fishing nets. Waste water and

noise are major interferences to their life, too.

1-2. 科學用的白海豚「大頭照」主要包括背鰭附近清晰的輪廓斑紋，是個體辨識的主要依據 / 高遠文化提供The scientific “mug shot” of Sousa chinensis primarily shows the clear dorsal fin rays used to identify each dolphin. / Photo provided by Utmost Culture

3-5. 在茫茫大海中找行蹤撲朔迷離的海豚，其實是件苦差事 / 高遠文化提供It was difficult to find a dolphin in the sea. /Photo provided by Utmost Culture

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周教授表示，工業發展所帶來的負面影響，不可能

在短期內就完全改善，若能改變其運作方式，將影響範

圍降至最小，或許是能先減少中華白海豚傷害的最好方

法。「減緩噪音方面，改變或縮短施工時間、地點或路

線；加強船隻的航速限制；或是利用能使聲波在氣態與液

態間阻隔較大的氣泡幕，來減低在水底打樁所造成的噪

音音量。多為海豚想一點，就是最大幫忙了。」

保育工作不分你我 攜手做出成績

失敗率高出成功率的無奈，對海上調查的研究學者而

言並不陌生，相較於不會走動的高山或歷史古蹟，海上

生物的調查工作更顯得不易。但學者及保育團體並不氣

餒，反而越挫越勇，更將研究心得頻與國內外交流、分

享。

近10年來，香港與中國陸續成立7座中華白海豚的保

護區。1996年，香港首先成立佔水域面積約1200公頃

的沙洲及龍鼓洲海岸公園；中國官方則在珠海與廈門成

立國家級保護區、廣東省內設立至少4個市級保護區，

以及一個省級保護區。在保育規範的嚴謹程度，近似於

國家公園內的警察制度，除了嚴格控管船隻的進行，還

設有管理處、處長等完整執行單位，其盡心程度已不亞

於對待一國家公園的重視。

「15年前，我帶助理學生遠赴中國進行白海豚調查研

究，曾覺得中國在軟硬體設備上明顯落後，但最近我再

去中國參加研討會時，許多年輕人已可有相當程度的專

業知識，研究設備更是先進，十幾年光景能有這樣大的

Prof. Chou pointed out that it is impossible for the

negative impacts of industrial development to be

corrected shortly. Changes can be made to minimize

the damage and protect Sousa chinensis . “The

construction time, range, or route can be changed

or shortened. The navigation speed of boats can

be restricted or other measures can be taken to cut

down the noise level. Thinking for the dolphins is

helping.”

Join Hands in Conservation and Succeed

Marine researchers are often caught in the

embarrassment of failures. Investigating marine life is

no easy work compared to studying static mountains

or historical sites. But this does not discourage

scholars and conservationists from sharing findings at

home and abroad.

For the past nearly 10 years, 7 Sousa chinensis

reserves have been established in Hong Kong and

China, including A 1200-hectare coastal park in HK

in 1996, national reserves in Jhuhai and Xiamen,

and at least 4 municipal reserves and 1 provincial

reserve in Guangdong. The rigidity of conservation

regulations is compatible with that of police system

in national parks, complete with strict control over

boats, configuration of headquarters and directors.

“15 years ago, I visited China with my student.

They were obviouslylagging in software and hardware

in studying the dolphin. However, things changed. In

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a seminar I participated recently, their young people

were professional and the equipment was advanced.

In contrast, Taiwan really should work harder.”

Like parents with different views on education,

despite the shared goodwil l, different voices

appear among government agencies, academic

groups, and NGOs, which is inevitable. For the

disagreements or conflicts, Prof. Chou has learned to

be understanding.

“What touches me is the true love they all have

toward Sousa chinensis in disparate voices. Isn't it

our ultimate goal to stimulate more proactive action

by decision makers to protect Sousa chinensis

through different stances?” said Prof. Chou.

Cetaceans are such intellectual and charming

creatures that their gracious physique and marvelous

jumps touch numerous people. At the end of this

interview, Prof. Chou reminded all Taiwanese of not

just adhering to the “seafood culture” but striving

to protect marine resources and sustain the “marine

culture” and blue oceans.

變化，真令科學家們感概。單就這點而言，台灣的保

育與研究工作需再加把勁了。」周教授感嘆的說。

就像是不同教育方針的父母，有著同為孩子著想的

出發，在中華白海豚的保育上，除了政府相關單位近

年來的投入調查，各學界與民間保育團體亦紛紛成立

護育團隊。處於不同的單位立場難免就有著不同的聲

音，也許是讚賞，也許是批評，多年來行走於保育前

鋒的周教授，對於這些互有產生的矛盾或衝突，早已

有了泰然的見解。

「令我感動的是，從不同的聲浪中可以感受到他們對

中華白海豚的真正摯愛，若能藉由不同的角色立場，

來敦促決策者更積極檢視對中華白海豚的保育行動，

不就是你我最企盼的終極目標嗎？」周教授感性地說。

鯨豚是如此聰慧迷人的生物，優雅的體態、曼妙的

跳躍，擄獲無數人的疼惜。專訪結束前，周教授語重

心長的說，四面環海的台灣啊，別只停留在「海鮮文

化」，應該盡心守護海洋資源，讓「海洋文化」隨著從未

消減的保育浪潮，一起擘劃永續的未來藍海。

1. 在海面上待上近5小時，才可能看到豚蹤。即便如此，大家的保育熱忱仍絲毫未減 / 高遠文化提供Each adventure required nearly 5 hours of exposure to the sultry sun to spot the precious creature. / Photo provided by Utmost Culture

2. 比起陸域研究，海上工作需耗費人力及資金，研究團隊們都不敢大意輕忽，無不卯足全力，就是希望多觀察幾隻海豚 / 高遠文化提供Compared to study on land, the work was much tougher. Each trip cost lots of manpower and money. The research team was working seriously and studiously just to catch sight of more dolphins and observe them. /Photo provided by Utmost Culture

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Green Earth 綠色地球

現任台灣大學生態與生物演化研

究所教授，亦為台大鯨豚研究室負責

人。

1989年自加大戴維斯分校留學歸國

，受國際披露台灣澎湖屠殺海豚事件

影響，展開推行多年的鯨豚保育。並

於 1996年聯合許多相關單位，成立

「中華鯨豚擱淺組織網。鑑於鯨豚保育

教育的重要，於1997年在自然生態保

育協會之下成立「鯨豚委員會」、1998

年推動成立「中華鯨豚協會」。致力教

導大眾認識鯨豚、提倡保育，進而關

心台灣的海洋環境。

Profile of Lian-siang Jhou周蓮香簡介

Professor of NTU Graduate Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and person in charge of the NTU Cetacean Research Laboratory

Graduating from University of California, Davis, in 1989 and shocked by the international coverage on the dolphin massacre in Penghu, Taiwan, she started to promote conservation of cetaceans. In 1996, she allied with many related institutions and founded the “Taiwan Cetacean Stranding Network”. In light of the importance of cetacean conservation education, she later established the “Cetacean Committee” under Society of Wildlife and Nature in 1997, and

“Taiwan Cetacean Society” in 1998, devoting herself to promoting public knowledge about cetaceans and conservation, as well as public concerns on the marine environment of Taiwan.

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