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15 January 2011 By Eric Cheung

PAD 082 Intensive EnglishGrammar Review Freebies

About Eric

A.k.a. Erik Piece

Social network: [email protected]

Likes: music, sports, photography

Dislikes: working overtime, snobs, celery

In 2010

I started teaching in CCCU.

I got my masters degree in Polytechnics University.

I formed a music group called The Tranquil Summer Sea.

I played in a music festival in Taiwan with the group.

The group broke up before Christmas.

Today

I got up at 6.30 this morning.

I teach two classes today. This is my first sessions today.

I have just met some new students in this class.

I have been waiting for the students who are late.

I am sure you must behave yourselves.

In the future

I will be a full-time lecturer in CCCU.

I will be travelling around Japan from June to August.

I will have been teaching here for 1.5 years by the end of 2011.

I will have obtained my PhD by 35 years old.

I will have become rich before 40. (wishful thinking)

Lets move on before I start daydreaming.

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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All verb tenses in one table

Aspect ()

Simple Perfect Continuous

PerfectContinuo

us0 tensed

have +Past P

tensedbe +

Present P

tensedhave +

been + ing

Time()

Past -ed/irreg

ular

was, were,could

played,actedate,

caught

had beenhad playedhad eaten

was/werebeing

was/wereplaying

was/wereeating

had beenplaying

had beeneating

Present

original is, are, canplay, act

eats,catches

has beenhas played

haveeaten

is/am/arebeing

is/am/areplaying

is/am/areeating

has beenplaying

have beeneating

Future will +verb

will bewill playwill eat

will havebeen

will haveplayed

will haveeaten

will bebeingwill beplayingwill beeating

will havebeen

playingwill have

beeneating

(Adapted fromhttp://www.ronazajac.com/ESL/CF/TenseAspectBasics/TA_Chart.jpg)

TENSE = TIME + ASPECT

TIME (when): past, present or future

ASPECT (how): always happening, finished or ongoing

A verb can only have one time (i.e. there is NO present

past tense).

What tense should I use?

1. Simple Past v. Present Perfect

* Tip: Stop thinking Things are as easy as English translated into

Chinese.

Cantonese:

English: NOT I have been to LKF last night. BUT I went to LKF lastnight.

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http://www.ronazajac.com/ESL/CF/TenseAspectBasics/TA_Chart.jpghttp://www.ronazajac.com/ESL/CF/TenseAspectBasics/TA_Chart.jpg

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(You do not need to emphasise the action has ended.)

Sim le Past Present Perfect

Something that happened

at a particular time in the past.It does not happen at

present.

We use this to tell when

It is not important when

exactly something happened.The event continued until

this moment.

It tells how long something

b. I arrived at Lan Kwai Fong at 10 p.m. (exact time)

I have arrived at Lan Kwai Fong for hours. (no exact time)

c. Barbie loved Ken. (She does not love him now.)

Barbie has loved Ken since 1960s. (Until this moment, she still loves

him.)

d. I waited for Miriam at the airport at 6 a.m. (when I started

waiting)

I have waited for Miriam for 12 hours. (the wait is such a torture!)

2. Present Perfect v. Present Perfect Continuous

Lets put it simply here:

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

An action that started from

any point in the past, continues

An action that started from

any point in the past, continues

Mostly the action is DONE;

sometimes it is still going on

a. Ive waited for Margaret for ages. (Now weve finally come

together.)

Ive been waiting for Margaret for ages. (I dont know when well

meet.)

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b. Ive lived in Tuen Mun since 2005. (Im still living there.)

Ive been living in Tuen Mun since 2005. (one and the same thing)

3. Future Perfect v. Future Perfect Continuous (headache...)More or less the same as #2, only the time is future.

Note: when we use be going to, it generally means a plan,

intention or expectation. Will means possibilities or deduction.

Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

An action that finishes

some time in the future

An action that still lasts at

some time in the future.

We can also use this to

show an action that lasts at

some time in the future.

Special use: showing cause

a. I will have drunk all the fruit punch by the time you arrive. (You

will not get a drop of it.)I will have been drinking all the fruit punch by the time you arrive.

(Youll see me drinking like a crazy man when you arrive.)

b. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

(Shes keeping it for too long.)

By Monday, Susan is going have my book for a week. (She hasnt

got it yet; when she gets it, she can use it for a week.)

4. Extra (there is always extra stuff)

Stop using present continuous tense in:

Sense verbs: see, hear, taste, smell, notice

Emotion verbs: like, love, hate, want (so Im lovin it is

ungrammatical!)

Knowledge verbs: know, understand, suppose, guess

Speech verbs: apologise, wish, agree

Possession verbs: need, belong, desire, contain, possess

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Active v. Passive Voice

We use passive voice when:

We dont know who is the doer of the action (E.g. The glass

was broken.)

We dont want to tell who the doer is. (E.g. Mistakes are

made.)

It is not important to mention who the doer is. (E.g. Im stood

up.)

We want to sound professional. (I dont recommend you do

this in your report.)

Be careful as you use active/passive voice:

Can the subject do the action itself? (E.g. The chair moves/is

moved.)

Is it really necessary to use passive? (Passive voice is indirect

and wordy.)

Some verbs cannot be used in passive. (E.g. come, happen,arrive, have, etc.)

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Prepositions about place and time

Time Place

in in 2011 (year)

in January (month)in the summer (season)

in the morning (part of theday)

confined inside a container

or a place:in Nathan Road

in the airport terminal

on on 15 January 2011 (date)on Wednesday (days of the

week)on New Year Eve (special

day)

outside, touching thesurface

on the wallon the bus

on the plane

at at Chinese New Year(festival)

at 4pm (time)at breakfast (meals)

at night, at noon (part ofthe day)

general location at a pointat the bank (cf. in the bank)

at homeat the corner

to 15 minutes before the nexthour

a quarter to ten (9:45)

motion of a thinggo to the cinema

for a period of timeused usually with perfect

tenses

heading to the destinationleave for New York

since when an action beganused usually with perfect

tenses

N/A

ago before the presentused usually with past tense

N/A

If youre hardworking enough, read/do these:

Tenses (this page looks scary):

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.html

Active and passive voice:

http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/passive/1.xml

Prepositions about time and place:

http://esl.about.com/library/beginnercourse/bl_beginner_course_easypreps.htm

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http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.htmlhttp://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/passive/1.xmlhttp://esl.about.com/library/beginnercourse/bl_beginner_course_easypreps.htmhttp://esl.about.com/library/beginnercourse/bl_beginner_course_easypreps.htmhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbtenseintro.htmlhttp://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/passive/1.xmlhttp://esl.about.com/library/beginnercourse/bl_beginner_course_easypreps.htmhttp://esl.about.com/library/beginnercourse/bl_beginner_course_easypreps.htm

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Reminder: Quiz coming in two weeks time (29 Jan 2011)

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!

- The End -

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