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R A J A4L-

, D E I N G on a visit to Singapore in October last I foundi $2 myself one clay in the Rafies Library, ancl it occx~rredto me that it monId be interesting to look over the Malayman~~scriptsn the shelves of the Logan Collection of philologicdbooks. Gnided by a caialzlogue,I selected a thin, cJliscolonred manu-script described as " Sha'il- Acheh," wond.ering ttl1at there shoulill ~ ~ v eeen a poem about Acheh in Logeu's time, thougly the DutcliexpecLtions to Acheh have made us fan~i liarTvith the effi~sions fj'&,lny poetasters thereon in later days. The first verse containedan ellusion to Selangor, and it soon became apparent that thedocument had nothing to do with Acheh, But mas a ballacl relatingthe adventures and death of a certain Raja Haji in Melacco. The

i llsmes of persons, inclnding those of the Dutch cornmanclers wholed the attaclt in which the B1;tlay heyo of the ballscl lost his life,were given, so it mas evidently a work conte~lzporaneousmitli theevents which i t clesc~ilsecl. I borromecl the nunuscript from thei ' Library and set to work to collect a11 available information aboutRaja Haji's nttaclc upon Mdacca in the la..sL century. Materialswere plentiful ; Begbie % devotes five pages (pp. 65-69) to thesubject end Netscher Ji. has p~zblishecl (in Dutch) the test of theoficial diary kept in the fortress of Malacca from day to day1 during the stirring events of 1 7 8 3 4 , the source, apparently, froillI ., mllich Beghie got his information. h c l besides the English andDutch accounts I fonnd a long descril~tiou f Raja Haji's invasionI of Nalacca in ,n Nialay histol-icd work called "Tllhfat-el-nafis,"mhich treats of the PIday Rajas of Bugis estractiotl in theStraits of Malacca.

I subjoin the text (Romanised) of the Malay bbslad preserveclBy Logan, ancl probably acclnirecl by him during one of his visitsto lVI/~nlacca ome forty years ago. I t is evidelltly the morl; of aMalacca Malay, friendly to the Dutch 2mcl perhaps in their service,who looked 1111on the Selangor invaclers as robbers ancl the Bugis* " The Malayan Peninsula," Madras, 1834.YrTvee Belegeringen van Malakka."

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174 BAJA HAJI.as pirates. I have not veutured to attempt to translate it. Thecharacter of Malay poetry makes it alruo.st impossible to makepafituns readable in an English dress. The story is carried on inthe third and fourth lines of each stanza, only, the first two linesbeing either mere tags on which to hang the rhyme, or, a t theBest, some figurative statement, a kind of background againstwhich to set the picture. To read ninety-five stanzas like thefollowing wo111cl give little idea of the effect of the original:-

N w he house of Inch Sabtu.The siyakapjEsh f rom the sea of Banca.The corpse was cast into n,cleft of the rocks,Of him who hod boasted he wo~ddake Mnlacca.The siyaknpJisAfi~ona he sea of Banca.Si Tmh uns away unth the t ~ a y .His intention mas to take Mdacca,Little aware tha t his life wonld he lost.Si Tuah runs 0.f wi th th e t r a y .V o o d i s turned by Si Naga Wangscc.Little thought he tha t his life would be lost.The body was removed by the Governor of Nalacca.

The literary merit of the poem is not great, but i t is of con-siderable historical interest and will be valued in Malwca as thework of some local bard of the last century, who celebrated in thebest language he could command the snccessful repulse of the raiclattempted on his native city.Begbie's account of the cause of the quarrel between the Yang-di-per-tuan Muda of Riouw and the Dutch, and of the fightingthat ensued is an appropriate preface to the Mahcca ballad :#:-"At this period (A.D. 1782; Heg. 1194) Pieter Geraldas de Briewas the Governor of BIalacca, being assisted by five other indi-viduals as Members of Council: these were (1) the President ofthe Court of Justice, (2) the Commanding Officer of the Troops,(3) the Naster Attendant, (4) the Fiscal, and ( 5 ) the Winkellier,or Superintendant of the Company's trade. Few readers need tobe reminded that a severe contest was being maintained a t thisepoch by the English against the united strength of the Frenchand Dutch nations, Gerrid Pangal was also Resident of the islandof Rhio, another Dutch settlement in the vicinity of Singapore,Rajah Hadgi was the Rajah Moodah, or Iyang de Pertuan Moodah,of the same place, and Sulthaun Mahomed Shah, Sulthaun of the

* The spelling of the original has been retainecl.

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Iii EAJA HAJI. 175small island of Linggin. An English merchantman was attackedby a French man-of-war somewhere in the Indian Archipelago,but, managing to make her escape, put into Rhio for protection.It must be remembered that, although the Dutch possessed ai Colony here, it was as yet but in its infancy, and their authoritymerely nominal. The Englishman consequently relied upon theneutrality of the Rajah Moodah."

i "Pangal, anxious as he was to obtain the nlerchantman as aprize, was therefore unable to seize her without the permission ofk Rajah Hadgi, which he accordingly sought ancl obtained upon con-I dition that he should receive a fair proportion of the booty.Pangal lost no time in colnmunicating with the Governor ofMalacca, who forthwith despatched a fast sailing French corvet,tethat was lying in the roads, by whom she was seized, carried toBatavia, and sold, the French and Dutch dividing the proceedsbetween them.""Rajah Hadgi in vain demanded his proportion of the prize, forthe more powerful confederates laughed at his pretensions. In-dignant a t this shameless breach of agreement by the Dutch, whoI mere nationally concerned in it , the disappointed Rajah Moodahdeclared war against them the following year. To meet this declars-tion Francis Lenclmer, the President of the Court of Justice, wasI despatched to Rhio from Malacca at the close of the year incommand of about seventeen small vessels and six huncirerl troops,a most incongruous appointment for a man of lam. Lenclrner'siI expedition terminated as might have been foreseen. H e was notonly totally defeated, ancl obllged to cro~ld ll canvas in his

I retreat, taking with him the settlers of Rhio, but also to lcavci behind one of his vessels, which hacl beeu stranded on the bar,and could not be floated off."

i "Flushed with this success. Rajah Hadgi determined theensuing year to attack Malacca; he therefore eqnipped a fleet ofone hunched and seventy vessels, carrying a large body of men,with which he sailed for the Moar River."" The Dutch, as timorous in the hour of peril as they had beenpertidious when the rule of the strongest was theirs, despatchedone of their number, Abrahan D'Wincl, a gentleman whoseI influence with the natives was very considerable, to expostulatewith the exasperated Rajah Mooclah, and deprecate his vengeance.But if the Dutch really hoped that they could again cajole him,they were quickly undeceived by the rapicl return of their

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anlbassador, who accounted himself but too h q p y in hnving beenable to effect his escape vith his life.""Rajah Haclgi! having weighed anchor, now came off Katapang,sillall village s~tuateclabout five miles easterly of Malncca, and01111osite the Water islancls; here he disembarked ancl erected astockade on the sen shore, in which he tool< up his heacl-qual%ers,having with him a'oo~~t,000 armed followers, and 300 women.Close to this village is a spot c d e d Poongoor, where 1\41'.D'Wind had a house ancl grounds, but, the communicationbetween it aud Malacca being mei9elya narrow footpath leadingthrough a dense jungle, Rajah Hadgi was convinced that regulartroops would never think of passing throngh so dangerous a defileas long as there were more eligible points of attack. He thereforeleft the stockade open on this face,* throning up a simple pnggah,or stout bamboo fence, iu lieu of it : as an additional source ofsecurity he advanced a party to Mr. D'Wincl's house."" Meanmlde, the Eajah of Salangore, an independent Stateabout forty miles to the westward of Malacca, who had marrieda daughter of Rajah Hadgi, sailed up the Linggy ;yliver, whichclisembogues itself about twenty-five miles from Malacca, andhaving capl;urecl some Malacca Elings (or natives of Corolllanclel)who were residing at Ruinbow, returned down the river; he thensailed along the coast, reclucing the whole country to the westwardas far as Tr~njongKling, seven miles from Dlalacca.""At the periocl of which I am treating, tho now populous

neighbou~rl~ooclf Tranclueirah, which forms the western suburb ofMal~~cca,onsisted lllerely of a, few houses spotted here and therein a tlzick junale, which was peculia~ly avourable for the opera-tiou of a MalaPn enellly ; the Dutch, thus beleaguered bothcastmarcl ancl westvarcl, vere unable to prevent the approncli of thcRajah of Snlangore to the second Tmncpeirah bridge which is oulyabout one mile froin the fort of Mdacca, whilst Ra.j-jsh Hadgiadvanced as fa r as Oojong Passir, the whole of the country to thenorthward, as far as Pangkallang Rammah, being in the hands ofthe confeclerates."-:* " Onesicle of a BIalayan stockado is always left open for the convenienceof ret reat , as the defenders never wait for the bayonet. As this side isgenerally resting on the j~mgle, lncl all the paths, except those they re treatby, are planted w i t h mnjoms, their loss is generdly trifling, Being screenedby th ei r works from the enemy's fire in th e &.st instance, aucl safe frompuvs~~ i tn the second."

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BAJA HAJI.At this crisis of t.heir affairs, the Dutch mere unhappily s tvariance amongst themselves. Togar Aboe, the commander ofa 36-gun frigate, then lyiug in the 3falacca roads, r o~~nd lyharged .D'Wind with treachery, and the latter was accordingly arrested.The charge not being snbstantiatecl hc was subsequently set atliberty by order of the Batavian Government, and shortly after-wards the frigate accidelltally blew up, thus adding to the

difficulties of the Dutch."" They were a t length consiclerably relieved by the appearance of

II a fleet consisting of three ships and two brigs from Bstavia underthe co~nmandf Adlnird Vnn Braani, who dropped anchor betweenI the Water.is lmds and Katapang on the main land and maintaineda constant fire 02 the stockade of Rajah Hadgi, who returned it esbriskly. Van Braam, taking advantage of a clark night, laid downI ' - a succession of anchors, with hawsers attached to each, between hisvessels and the shore. Having on board six hundred Javanesebayonets, he landed this party about four in the morning withouti noise by means of the hawsers, and directed i t to remain concealedi at Purnoo till daybreak. I n order to divert the enemy's attentioni from that quarter, the fleet continuecl its cannonade until thesignal was made for the attack of the land col~unnwhich, fallingsuddenly upon the stockacle, dispersecl the enemy with the loss of450 killed. Rajah I-Iaclgi was liu~nbered mongst the slain havingbeen killecl by nearly the lczst ronncl shot fired from the fleet."

"Direcily thzt the Aclmiral sam the Dutch colour flying overthe stockade he landed, but, not having as yet lem-ned the deathof the Rajah, he concl~~cleclhat he hacl niarched for Malacca afterhaving evacuated t.he stoclrade. He therefore put his troops inyapid motion for that place, but discovered the real state of affairson arriving at Poongoor. najab Hadgi's body was found aftersome search, and brougllt into Nalacca, where i t was interred onSt. Paul's Hill."The following is the Romanisecl test of the Malay ballad :-

SHA'IB RAJA HAJI.Sentangor bataug merbauPerling cli-dslam persngkaplbja, Salanqor tibe ka,RembauOmng IC?ing hal~iser-tangltap, . . .

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RAJA HAJI.

Pel-ling di-&lam p eran gbpRaya di hulu be-rampns-anOrang Kling lalu ter-tnngkapDato' Penghulu me-lepas-kan.Raya tli h ~ d ue-rainpas-anTer-layang batang lembingDato' Penghulu me-lepas-kan

Di-stuoh Pz'Sayang + membawa KlingTer-layang batanng lembingRnrnpnn tenlu di-dalam ragaDi-suroh Pa'Sayang membawa KlingLalu ber-temn pacla Wolanda.E~unpunenm di-dalam ragaBenang di kayn lakaSudah ber-temu pada WolandaPa'Sayang ter-bilang di Malaka.Bilang pinang di kayu laka

China menampi di-clalam prahnPa'Say'ulg ter-bilang di MalakaShina Tamhi+ di-jnmput men-jamu.China menampi di-dalam prahuDi-dalam dulang ikan belanakShina Tambi j~u nputmen-jamuPa'Saynng pd an g n~engambil nak.Di dalam clulang ilran belanalcBentangor Irayl~ er-batangPa'Sayang pulang mengambil anakOrang Salangor pun s~ td ah atang.Bentangor kayu ber-batangBnnga tanjnng ber-taIi-taliOrang Salangor puu sndah datangRaiyat Tanjo% 1pun sndah lari.Bunga tanjung ber-tali-taliBentangor batang ber-dwiOrang Tanjong pun sndah lariRaiyat Salangor masolr men-churi.

* Pa'Sayang: apparently nil influential Malay. Baba Sayang is stillthe favourite burden of Malacca songs.t Shim Tan&: a Malacca Kling.Tanjong : Tanjong Icling, about seven llmiles from Dlalacca.

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R.AJA HAJI.

Bentangor batang ber-duriSungei Raya negri AsahanRaiyat Salangor mslsok men-churiSakalian kampong di-binasa-kan.Sungei Raya negri AsahanMerbn ber-bunyi dikayu araHabis raiyat di-binasa-kanKerban di-chnri mnntah-lran darah.Merbn ber-b~myi i lcay-t~ raTetak akar pisang rajahanICerbau di-churi rnumtah-kan darahHilang asal Ira-raja-an.Tetak akar pisang rajahanBaku1 lama ber-isi duriHilang asal ka-raja-anTinggal-kan name Raja penchuri.B a l d ber-isi duri

Deri Ligor ha &nja SanunTinggal-kan nama Raja penchuriRalyat Salangor masok menyamun.Deri Ligor ka Manja S a n uBand6ra ber-sri-sriOrang Salangor masok menpzmun,Orang Tangk6rajXmasok negri.BaudBra ber-sri-sriSerindit ber-duylm-duyunOrang Tanglrera masok negri, .Orang Peringgit t pun habis turnn.Serindit ber-duynn-duyunTempurong cli-buat seudokOrang Peringgit habis tunxnOrang Duyong $ pun sudah bilok.Tempurong di-buat sendokBnah laka di-clalam kedutOrang Dnyong ptm s11da.h bilokDi-dalam Malaka baharu gelnt.

* Tangkkra: TranqnGra, a snb~u-bof Malacca.f Peringgit : a Malay lcampong near Malacca.f Zhyong : a river and sea-coast village south of Malacca, the inhabit-ants of which apparently joined the invaders.

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Bnah laka di-clalam keclutPergi ka tell& meoarah papanDi-clalam NitlaIra ballnrn gelut .Nasi tey-senclok ticlak ter-inalcan.Pergi Ira telnlc menarah papanGergaji belah-kan tanlpangNasi ter-sendok tidak ter-malrauRaja Hn j i tiba Tell& Katapang.Gergaji belsh-lmn taup an gIkat pita t ~ ~ n t ~ x - t ~ ~ n t uRaja Haji tiba Teluk Ratapa.ngP&sangpalita sagenap pintn.I ka t pita ~ K L ~ L I - ~ U I I ~ L IPijat-pijat banyak me-IatnPasang palita sagenap pint11BIah~u i-lihat clengan nyata.Pijat-pijat banynk me-latnTelepnk di tudong sajiMa1111 di-lihai dengan nyataTnlnxt-kan raiyat si Raja Haji.Telepulc di tuclong sajiHandnl~menyiram Ira perigiTah~t -kanaiyat si Raja EajiMasok luenyelap ccli-clalam negri.Hanclak rneuyirrtm ka perigiXilat clatang cleugan chuacha-uynMasok menyelap cli-ddam negriICalan ticlal; cienga1i nynta-nys.Rilat ciatang clengeenchuaclla-nyirDi-dslam bilek permeisnriRalan ticlalr cleugon nyata-nyaNlemhava fa'il:" sepcrti penchuri.Di-clalam bilek permeisuri

Hip1 di P~t laa n c h QiliMembawa fa51 seperti pench~uriMati ~ILIIW clia sencliri.

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Hiyn cli Pulau Indra GiriPt~nggor inang rumah To'AluMati b~ il ~u .lia sendiriTiada lreniang nlemskan s a p .Pluoo.or pinang r~un al iTo'AlnT% layang ber-pernt-pelmtTiacla lceniang memakan saguM i n ~ ~ l i i - h ~ ~yer saki t pernt.

Tali layang ber-perukpert~tXembang pudak " bung&senaMinmn-kan ayer sakit peratSerta pxda tidor cli tanah.ICembsng pudnk b ~ul ga znaBnnga chelnpaka cli-ddam chembuSudah pula ticlor cli tanahTanah Dlalaka apa di-tunggt~.Bungs cliempaka di-dalam chembuIFranji di-drtlam ld tahTanah Malaka spa di - t~uggnEa js Haji yang pnnya snka.Kranji cli-cldnm IukahUbt~r-~~btwleri ClunaRaja Haji yang punyn sulraHalldaB ber-knbn cli B~~lci thina.Ubur-tibur deri ChinnTetak tenggiri cli-bamah batangHanchk be r- h~ bnli Bakit ChinaMaIra sendiri garan?= datang.Tetak tenggiri di-bawah batnngSalah narna orang mengajiPatut seucliri garnngan datangSnclah ber-nama sl Raja Ilsji.Salah nauia orang lnengajiKuunbn di-clnlam jalnSuclah ber-nama si Raja HajiMake her-temn pad&Wolancla.ICumba di-clalam jalaHand& menangkap ikan sombilangSndah ber-temn pscla Wolanda

X&asa clapat Ira-clua Llsug.* Pqbdnl; : pandan~~snermis.

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RAJA EIAJI.

Menggulei kapala todakBuah lala, cli atas tn "Antah-kan dapat antah tidakRaja BIalaka handak di-tipu.Bnah Iakn di atas t nIilche Usoh memasang l ilinRaja Malaka handak d i-tipa

Musoh sndah ber-koliling.Inche Usoh memasana li linBanclahara lnsucli$iepi kotaMusoh sudah ber-kolilingApa-kan jadi garangan kita ?Banclahara maildi cli tepi kotaBanyak lontar di IndragiriApa-kaa jacli garangan kitaSeperti onta menyerah-kan diri.Banyak lontar di Indra giriDalima pagar-kan duriSa-bagei onta menyerah-kan diriYa'Sayaag ber-jdan sendiri-diri.Dalima pagar-kan d w iInche Ayat pergi ka-psnteiPa'Sayang pergi mengantar-kan diriRaiyat pnn snclnh habis lari.Inche dyn t pergi ks paritPotong bachang ber-jari-jariRaiyat pull suclah hnbis ber-balik

Pa'Snyang pun datang sambil ber-lari.Potong bachang ber-ja~i-jariBatang laka baat chnch~w-anPa'Sayang clatang sambil ber-lariAyer mata ber-chnchur-an.Kayn laka bnat chuchtw-anNlengkmawnng kayu merantidy er lnata ber-chnchur-anTiada ka-tahu-an di-clalam hati.31engkarawang kayn meranti

Mayang di-dalam InmbnTiacla ka-tahu-an cli-dalam hatiPa'Sayang ber-balik masok kubu.L

* Tu : sic in original. Pintlc ?

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Mayang cli-dalam kumbuRaga ter-sirat deri lakaPa'Sayang ber-balik nlasok IntbnRaja Siak datang ka Malaka.ter-sirat cleri lakaBanclkra cli jati merahXaja Siolt datang ka Mdalia

Di-bamn pergi ka TangkBra.EauclBra cl i jati merahBung8 Ch im di Bukit ChinaDi-bama pergi ka TangkCaTinggal di gedoug Nyonya Makinya."Bungs China di Bukit ChinaI C ap cli-beli bnat che1-p~Tinggal di geclong Nyonya iYIakinyaMalnyu panclei membaat tipn.Iiayn cli-beli bnat cherpaIiapas-an Pulau Langkamima lap^ pandei ruembuat tipuKapal pun tiba deri Batawi.Kapas-an P d a n LangkawiPu.Iau H a u h lau t BIalakaKapnl pun t iba cleri BatawiHanclak mem-banh tanah BIalaka.Pulau Hantu lant &I,~izlakaChnka cli-cltdang Dato' MantriHauclak mem-b,zntn tanah MalaltaSnka-lah raiya.t di-clalam nes1.i.Chulte di cl~dangDato' MantriOrang menyuloh charalla papallSulca-lah raiyat cli-dalam negriIlnpal di-swoh ka Teluk ICatapnng.Ormig menytdoh charana papanSungei Raya Tanjong J at iITapnl cli tiba ka Telolt KatapangBaiyat cli-swoh jalan kaki.S~mg ei aya Tnnjong Jat iTaunm chempeclak rapat-rapathiyat cli-s~rrohalau ltalriSata pun tiacla clapat mnafaltat.

* See entry in the Malaccc6 Jo~brnnl~ulcler la,te May 14th.

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Tanam chenlpedali rapat-rapatInche Usoh meng-ganti t ikmSat11 pun tidal< dapat i~l~unfalcnt&Insohpun snclnh ber-hinti beser.Iuche Usoh meng-ganti tikarTetak buah cli-eLw galehNnsoh pun sacla ber-hinti besarBIinta-ken do'a lrapadi~Allah.TeLaB bunh di-atns galahBnnyak lintah cli IcdlratiPeugga li gali-lian pinangBIinta trdong kepacla Nabi.Banyak liutah cli XdliatiPenq-gali gzli-kan pinaugMi nk tdon g kapade NabiTiga. hari sunto' ber-parong.Peng-$ali di bus t peraug

Buah lab^^ cleri JelebnTigo hari srulto' her-parnngKapitm db n * lalu mengerha.Bnah lab11 deri JeleBnBuah lrranji deri h~d~lnKapitan Pnmerm f- naik niengcrbuBaja Ea ji kelia psl~wu.Bush kritnji deri hnlnTeropong ter-g ~di ng-g~d iagRaja Haji keua pelarn

Cholupoug tnmpas lnri ~llenlutiny.Teropoilg ter-gdiug-gnl ingInche Abit lari ka psnteiChoinpong tt~mpasari memnutingItInl2is raiyat mati l~er-tinclih ilngkoi.Inche Abit lari Ira yanteiHa,nclnk aleilgambil ]rain hijeuKxiyat p z ~ g ati ber-tinclih benglieiAda, yaug nlati adn yaug hiclop.

Foger Abo, a naval officer.-See Jfctlaccc~JOLL~ IZU~ncler dates February22ncl and March 6th.f- Admifix1van Braam.

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RAJA HAJ1.

Hanclak mengganti kain hijanTuclong saji ber-isi lceladiAda yang mati ada yaug hidopRaja Haji cli-bama lari.Tndonp saji ber-isi lreladiOrang Tanjong akan meng-galasRaja Haji di-bawa lariLalu cli-s1u.o' cli Tanjong Palas.Orsllg Tanjong akan meng-galasDelat r ~ u a hnche SsbtuMayat cli-bamn ka Tanjong PalasLala ter-selit c l i chela batu.Delrat i ~ u n a hnche Sabt11Tkwl siyakap cderi BangkaMayat ter-champak cli chelah batuChalral~mengrambil tanah Blalaka.Iltsn siyekap cleri BailgkaSi Tnah me-lari-kan clulangEanclak mengambil negri MalakaTiade sedar jima akan hilang.Si Tunh me-lari-Iran dulangPapan di-larik Si Naga WangsaTiacla sedar jiwa pun hilangMayet cli-ambil Raja Mslska.Pi~lmn li-lnrik Si Naga WangaaBIinnm ayer cli-clalam kotaMay~zt li-sml~il leh T4TolanclaDi-bawa nlasoli Ira-clalam kotn.Min~un yer di-cldam kotaAmllelanl bn i~ telilrirDi-bnma n~asolr ra-ddnm kotaDi-taneni pinta nlengadap ka-hilir.Anlpel~~nl~ u a t elikirOrmg meratap cli-taanh rataDi-tanmn pintn lnengadap h h i l i rRatn Anlas pnn tiba di Malalta.orang meratap di tanah rataInche Panclak jnal keladiRetu Arnas tiba cli-dalam MalakaHanc1a.k ber-liallanclal

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Inche Palldak jaal kelacliBanyak ndang cli-dnlam ln~nliHnndalr cli-churi mayat Raja HajiBlnncln adz men-jnga-i.Banyak udang di-ddam kuali

Si Dapat bangun nlenariWolaudn clncluk men-jag-a-iPatek t idak dapat men-churi.

Si Dapat pauclei menariDi gaung busut banyak kembiliPatek tidak depat ~n en c h~ uiLaln meratap anak clan bini.Di ganng busnt baaynk kelnbiliPuan cli-let& atas rantakaLalu me-raung anak dnn biniIst ri pun tiada dapat ter-kata.Puan ter-letak cli-atas rantakaOrang her-pa& di tanah liatIstri pun tiada clapat ter-kataNayat-nia, pun tinda dapat di lihat.Orang ber-pacli di tauah liatDi Mekah banyak buah pedadaMayat tiacla clapat c l i lihatSeperti merekah rasa-nia clada.Di Mekah banynlc bnah pedadaB~mgaanjnng di-atas rak itBagei me-rekah rasa-nia clada

Ter-kenmg-lcan ~mtong engnn nasib.Bunga tanjung di-atas rakitSarabei di mulcn p i n h ~Sndah ~mto ng engan nasibMaka sampei sa-hingga-an situ.Sarabei di lnnlr~l intnPergi ka-parit hanclak me-riauMalra sampei sa-hinggn-an sitnRatu Amas laln ber-balilr ka Riau.Pergi hz-parit handalc me-rianSitn-lah banyak buah kelnbiliIs tr i ber-balilr ka tanah RianSerta cladnk mem-cliam-Iron diri.

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R.AJA HAJI.Fortunately for historians, the Dutch administration in Malaccaobserved the excellent pmctice of keeping an -09icial record ofpassing events, probably f o ~he information of the Governnlentin Batavia, and this diary is still preservecl in the archives of theResident Councillor a t Mdacca. Soine thirty years ago Mr.Netscher, the Dntch Resident of Rionm, obtained the perinission

of the Governor of t he Straits Settleinents (Colonel Cavenagh,now Sir Orfeur Cavenegh, K.c.s.I.,) to examine and make extractsfrom them, and he pubiishecl uncler the tit le of " Two Sieges ofRIalacca " a little pamphlet containing the text of the Dutchrecords relating to the ~~ttackn Malacca by Daing Ha,moja in1756 and the invasion of Raja Haji in 1784. In each case theinvaders were Bugis from Riouw aided by their friends ailclrelations from Selangor, where a Bngis colony had been success-fully established. Portions of the history of the attack of 1756have already been published ia this Jonrnal (No. 12, December,1883, 13. 261) , and I nom give the Dntch ofiicirtl account of the warof 1784, which has been kindly translatecl for me, from Netscher's" Twee Belegeringen," by lily sister n/Irs. Isenlonger :-

TEE SIEGE O F 1754.Ed~nc t s ~ o . ~ nhe ~ ~ I C C L Z C L C C C L J O Z L Y ~ C ~ ~f the yen?.1784.

JAN..-There retumecl from Linggi the ship d f e e ~ e n b e ~ gnclthe private bm-k Anthonetta Ebisnbeth, which had left for th atplace on the 2nd instant. The Captain of the fist-namecl boat,Jan Nontanje, produced a copy of the jonrnd which he had lreptduring the expedition, wherein anlongst other things it was stateclthat while lying at the lliouth of the river Linggi on the 5thinstant he saw about fifty of the enemy's vessels come out of theriver, and sail along the coast towards the north, or Strait ofKalang, But that on account of the calm, z~nd he distance of thevessels, he was unable to pursue them; ancl taking into consider-ation the superior force of the eaeiny, mil th e fact th at as theyhad left Linggi he coulcl not find out the reason of their visit, hereturned here:JAN.4.-Afrived in the afternoon at sbont 4 o'clock, six baloos,

a t Tancljong Kling, and in the evening the uupleasallt news wasreceived, through the people of t,he Chinaillall San Son~ko,hat theSelangoer vessels had landed their crews, in all about one hundredmen, in the bay of Babng Tiga, that they lied not only pursued andfired a t him and his slaves, but they hacl taken one slave prisoner,and that he and the rest had saved themselves by flight.

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RAJA HAJI.The Governor, therefore, immediately had a company of thirtynative soldiers detached to the Lazarusveld to reinforce the outerbattery.JAN.15.-The detachecl company, sent yesterday evening to theouter battery of Tranquira, with a few armed volunteers, and acompany of my BIdays raised this morning, marched from theLazarusveld, and by midday had reached the stream near EatangTiga. They encountered there the Selangoer men who hacl landedthe previous day, and a fight ensued. Some additional men weresent to their assistance and ammunition, but before this rein-forcement could reach them the first troops had been obliged toretire, on account of the superior strength of the enemy whonumbered about 200 men, with the loss of one man who was shotdead and two wounded. They nlarched back, however, the enemynot daring to follow them, to the before-mentioned battery whichthey reached as it got dark.During the night the enemy set on fire several abandoned Malay

huts, and fired a few shots at oiir advanced posts, but without anyeffect.Jax. 16.-It mas reported that the enemy were actively occupiedin preparing stockades at Batang Tig:, and in burning houses a tBatang Tiga and a t Tandjong Kling. F~ r i ngontinued t,here duringthe whole day, and the following night.JAN.7.-At da;rbreak,bg the orders of Lieut. Auguste Gravestein,a detachment vas sent to Batang Tiga consistinv of tv o hundrcclNative and twenty European soldiers, besides n t ~ o ombardierssnd eight musketeers with two field-pieces of 3 b., ,llcl one snldl

grrn with their appurtenances. To this force mas added from two tothree hundred volunteers-Chinese, 14alays and Gentoos (Jentie-ven)--armed with pikes, cutlasses, and some with blunderbusses,commanded by Abraham Couperus, merchant, ancl Fiscal :% of thisGoverninent..t-Marching from the Lazarusveld, they embarked there androved to the bay of Satang Tiga, two steenbokken f commanded by* 111 15'76 a Regulation was issnecl that the AcImiralty Court shouldconsist of the "F'isk~d," the Recorder ("Greffier") and seven members. ThisCourt gave judgment on all prizes, booties ancl crimes at sea, not committedby the crew, which remained s~xbject o the jurisdiction of the Admiral.$ Abraham Couperns aftermarcls rose to be Governor of Malacca andheld that office when Malacca mrcs taken by th e British in 1795.-See No. 7Jozwnal, Straits Asiatic Society, y. 59.$ Nortars with mhich stone projectiles mere usecl.

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190 BAJA HAJI.the second mate, Jan Hendrilr NIeijer, the armecl boat of theship i i eerenbe~g, nd three lcaknps mounted with ~ a n t n k n s . Thesearrived in the bay in fi-ont of th e enemy's stocliade a t about 3o'clock and began to bombarcl it.

The fight continued between th e stockade and th e boats for anhour, when the before-mentioned force also approachecl the enemy,ancl attacked by land, and the general combat was fierce by landand sea ;and three of the guns which had been brought burst andc a ~ ~ s e dh e , which, however, was soon est ing~ushed.

The enemy attenlpted once to make a sally on our right wing,but a few volleys from 011. muskets obliged them to retire intotheir intrenchments, from which they offered a desperate resistance,and thus saved themselves from being overmastered by onr force.The latter from weariness, and in order not to be overtaken bydarkness in the jungle, were obliged to cease fighting at 4 o'dockm d to retreat. They returned at about S o'clock to the outerbattery of the Lazarusveld: the armed boats above nlentioned alsoreturned. On onr side eight men were mo~mded, f whom one diedthis evening.JAN.2.-The. ~nerchantvessel Shnw Beyramgore, by ThomasMsughan, arrived from China after a. voyage of fifteen days. Shebrought the unpleasant news that the Con~pmy's fleet, afterthe loss of a, ship blown up, had raised the blockade of Riouw, andimmediately sailed away, and moreover were already somewhereabout the Fornioza Rock, vhere the aforesaid English ship haclspoken them in passing.JAN.3.-At daybreak s d s were noticed tornards the south,which soon proved to be a portion of the Company's fleet which

had blockaded Riouw. On account of contrary winds thcy mereobliged a t nightfall to anchor outside the harbour.Meantvl~ile, he Company's ship Heerelzbe~y sailed towards thesouth to bring into the harbour a wunqkang which had been in sightsiuce yesterday morning.JAN.4.-Arrived in the roacls the Company's ships Do@lzijn,Hqf ter Lind en , De Jonge Hugo, besides the goerab* D6 Snelheicl, l;l~egalwetj- Concordia,ancl the pmtj alanga~ls ustenberg and Philippine.- - - - -" Gh~vub , he Arab nnnle for a galley, a class of native arlnecl vessel called

g ~ u b y the Enxlish in the last century. See Yulds G l o s s w y , s z ~ b o ce Grab.+ Galwet , nallevat: a kiucl of gallev. or mar-boat with oars. of smalldriught of &her; which con tinu h to 'be employed on the west coast ofInclia, down to the latter hal f of last centwy. From this is cleyivecl theEnglish term " olly-boat." See Yzcle's Cilossawj, s ~ c b oce Gallevat.

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EAJA HAJI. 191Two Comruissioners fronl tlie Government landed from t,heRiouw fleet last night, and also an under-factor, Reijnier Bei-nharclHoijncl; van Papendrccht, who confirmed the sad news tha t thesinall vessel dlnlncca's WeZwnren,on boa.ic1 of which, anlongst others,was Mr. Arnoldus Franciscus Lemker, the Con~~nanderf theaforesaid expedition, had been blown up with a number of people,and that the fleet, because of this and an unsuccessful lancling, wasforced to break up the blockacle ancl to sail away.JAN.6.-Arrived in the roads the second part of the squadronfrom Riouw, consisting of the Company's vessels Dimnant anclHoop and tlie cutter Patriot.JAN. 7.-There arrived s~~ccessivelyn the roads of the Com-pany's returning Seet froill Riouw the cutter Onclernemel*and thesloops of war Johanna and Ciceroa. The Comniander of the last-named craft that the day before he had spoken the bark Gertl-zticlnfiusnnnc, near the Formoza Rock, since when he had llot seen her,that they were out of drinking-water on board, but on account oftheir own scarcity he had not been able to assist them; consequently

the above-mentioned cutter the Ondernemer,with the pantjalangPl~il ippi~~e,ils ent at once to the south in search of the miss-ing bark, the Gert~zlicla,o render the necessary assistance.FEB. .-Returned from the south the cutter Ondernemer nndthe pantjalang Philippine sent out on Jclnuary 27 last, mithonthaving met the Gertm~icln zucozna, the missing bark of the Com-pany's ratnrning way fleet.FEB..-The cutters Patriot and O~~zdenze.iner,ruising betweenTandjong Rling ancl the Lazai-nsveld, together with the Ha~tclelaa~andthe gdwet Concorclin,having approachecl the shore withtherisingtide, began a t 2 o'clock to fire at the enemy's vessels which werehanlecl up on the beach, and soon entered into a fight with the enemy'sbatteries or stockades all along the shore, which fight lasted untilsundown when it was observed tha t they were leaving the shore,and were in pursuit of some of the enemy's vessels which haclarrived on the north side of Tsndjong Kling.

Though no more could be seen of thein because of the clabess ,,report of cannon was hearcl now mcl then until tell o'clock in theevening.FEB. .-A halo of the enenly's, cal~turedast night on the uorthof Tancljong El ing, was brought up by the cutter Pntviot. It wasmounted with two gi~ns f 3 ttj., ancl loaclecl with two chests anclsome balls of ol)iuln, some pieces of blne a8nclwhite linen, &bout wo

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192 RAJA HAJI.koyans of ricc in knjwgs, some bags of c~~mrnineed, et.c., as stateilin the mmifest. The master of the first-mcntioued cuttcr reportedthat the Company's vessels suffered little or nothing in yesterclay'sfight, mcl had lost nolie of their crews, and of the seven of theenemy's ~essels,which they had chssecl yesterc?ay evening, twowhich were otrancl-ed were disabled, and the halo which he hadbrought was talce~after a fight, the crew having been forced tojunll) overbcard; but that tho four others had escaped through thedarkness of the xight.FEB. .--In the aftcmoon, nuder comrna.nd of Lieut. Stecller, En-signs lfauror, Duvergd and Lintner, ancl ex-Ensign of the Eurghers*Eiliaan, zlld three Malay Captains, were sent on boa.rcl for anexpedition ag~insthe SeipdllguerBugis by the vessels lying offTandjoilg Klixg-viz., the Bo l p l ~ i j n ,he cutters Patriot accl O ~ d s r ~ z e -nzer, the hooker Hondelaccr, the p~~ntjalangsthiliypine a.nclRzute.r:-b e ~ g , esides the g a l ~ e i o~zcordicc,mith thirty-one Buropeall alld184BIalay soldiers Son1 the garrison here, fully armed, besides alarge number of volunteers, I. iez~E. Iioijnck van Papendrecht dsowent on baud t5e ship D o l ~ k i j n ,he being appointed Beceiverand License B4aster-t of tlie expeclition.

At nightfall several of the ships destined for this espefition leftthe river for the roi~clswith severnl other vessels, mounted with olie6 lb. gun , four of 3 lh., c,ad one of 1 b. ; sor;e rsmtaklras of nativeman~dacture, ncl one lzomitzer of 4 inches. Besides skilful lnenfor ro;v;ng a ~ c lther orclinary work, there were also placecl on boorclthe ships, one extra gunner, one bombardier, three gunners,and twenty-seven mu~sketeers.

Further, in the garden of the latn Soeratter Malek Faizullnll,outside Tranqndra, mere posted '200 Nanningers and .Achinescfrom ull~-conntry, o be tmnsportecl next; clay to Tandjoilg K!ing ifthe Ioncting therc was clecidecl on.FEB. .-In the morning at 4 o'clock the Dolphijqt, ancl the restof the vessels clestj~ledfor the expeclition agc~inst he Sel%ngoer* Semi-xilit'vy rank.t In l5o3 licattcn signifecl the money paid f o r permits t o sell goods,putchnsediu the Prince'sterritory,in the territory of the enemy. It becamea sort of tar, levied as a kind of export duty.The licentmeestws were charged vi th co!lecting these monies. TheEast India Company pdd consiclerable nmo~mts annually for Hcenten(licences); later in 1G77 an agreement was entered into betmeen theCompany and tlic Admirdties, by virtne whereof the Company paid a fixed

sum c~nnua1ly.

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Bugis left the roads near Teadjong ICIing, but remainecl the mholeclay lyicg at nnchor before the place without cloing anything.?leantime, at claybxcal;, with the ,opening of the gates the newsmas received that 100 Nimningers, postecl in t,lle cleceasecl MaleliF'~iznllah's garden, had run away in the night, but tha t 100Achinese wl~o ad been nith them had alrencly gone on the ships

appointed to transport them, ancl had pushed off intencling to goto Tancljong Eling . S u t they were seni; back to li~ncl n the after-noon by the Council of ?Tar of the above-meationed expedition.FEB. 0.-All the vessels a~ l d eople returned from TancijongKling without having done anything.FEB.3.-A la~geumber of native ~esse ls ,argc and small, wereobserved to the south which all put in t o Telolc Katapan, suclnftervnrcls news vas rcceivecl thnt they belonged to Endjo Hadji .khat his peopie lanclecl at the above-named place.FEB. 4.-More Rionw vesse!s mlth inen nncl an~munition rrived

at Teloli Katapan.FEZ. 5.-The disastrous liews mas receivecl that the enemy wholinded yesterday and the day before edt Te!oli Eatapau, had notonly already advanced as far as Poengoer and Toejong ancl talcenpossession of them and t,he country lying round, but t.hat also theinhabitants, except a few who hacl fled to the hills, had put them-selves under the protection of Radja Hadji.FEB.6.-News was brought by several Semal.)o.,olr. eople escap-ing to the t o m , that the Riouw 13ugis hacl already arrived there,and had t,aken possession of the hill.FEB. 1.-Some volunteers marching to Semabok came intoaction with the enemy, on our side we lost no one, but on theenemy's, as far as we coulcl see, three men mere killed, and thchead of one was cut off md Brought, to t o m to be exl~osed.Fsz. 22.-In the morning at 4 o'clock a detachment marched,under colnnland of Lieutenant Duverg6, to Seniahok consisting oftwenty-seven Europeans, and sixty-two Malay soldiers, besides oneextra vu~u-werker, one bombardier, two gunners and twelvemusketeers, from the garrison, taking with them also two cannonof 3 lb. and a kattekop'* of 4 inches, with ali their appurtenuices.

This force was also joined by the Naval Captains Foger Abo anclJacob Frederiks, with some Malay soldiers and their officers,together with sollle armecl European sailors fro111 their ships, and* An obsolete piece of artillery.

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the head aclnlinistrator of the place, Abraham Couperus, who tookwith him between two ancl three hunclrecl Chiilese vol~~nteersarmed mith pikes ancl other hand mezpo~~s.This col.ps having approachecl the enemy's stockade on this sideof Semabok begs~n t half-past six or break of day tto f i e on it withthe cannons, ancl the fight became geuerd and lasted till abouthalf-past, nine, when although a breach had been lllade in tllcenemy's stockacle ancl severr~l hells hacl been thrown in , ourinen n-ere obliged to retire on a c c o ~ i t f the excessive heat aililtheir fatigue, a i d arrived together about 11 o'clock in the castleinside the town. The loss of the enemy could not be estimatecl,but that on our side collsisted of one man killed--namely, the thiriImate of the ship Dobh i j n , Williain Merse, aucl thirty-oile ~vo~mdecl,among whom were the bombarctier nncl four European sailowthe 2nd Lieutenant Duvergc' had three, ancl Captain FredcriBs ofthe Nnvy one bullet through the hat.FEB.6.-A force of one captain, one lientenant, one ensign,

four sergeants, six corporals, and fifty Malay soldiers, includingsoue volunteers, marched fro111 the town lines to the g,z rd e~ f thelate Soeratta Mdek Faizullah, sitnatecl o~itsicleTranqnira, wherethey crime illto action with the enemy, in the course of which threeof the solcliers vere wounded, of whom one clied of his wounds inthe hospital, but i t is s~~pposec lha t the loss of the eneiny musthave been nluch greater because they retired hastily behind theirintrenchnzents, a i d it mas see11 that several lllell were c&rriccZinside.FEB.7.-There were sent from the town lines to the outskirtsof Tranqugra, together with a few volunteers, Aclrian E oet, theCaptain-lieutenant of 3 regular compmy of volunteers, a -Malaycaptain, tw o ensigns, four sergeants, six corporals mcl fifty privates,besides one gunner and four musl~eteerswith a field-piece. Thiscorps hnving adva.ncecl to the Lazarusvelcl attecked the enemy'sstockacle erected there, t~lld s it T ~ S t the same time shelled frolnthe sea by the Concorclicc. he enemy were soon forced to abandon it,taking with them, however, their ammunition, baggage, (leadwounded.I n the meantime it was getting clarlc and ourforce was t.hereforeobliged to return, on which the enemy soon took possessio.-1 agaill

of the descrtecl ancl much shattered stockade. Tlle loss on ourside mizs one Malay soldier n.oundec1.FXB.9.-At clzybrcalc the ships which had gone t,o Telol;

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RAJA Ht l J I .Xatal>an--viz., the DoQ17~ijn, i innzcint, Roo?, the cutters P a t ~ i o tancl Ondernenzcv, and the galwet Co~ z e o ~ d i a ,ttackecl the Riouwvessels which were lying there disabled, most of t.hem.MAECH .-On receipt of the news that a bocly of Selangoereseand Manikabers had advancecl ns far as the garden of the lateBiIalek Faizullah and mere occupied in demolishiug the d~~cl l i ng-whouse on it, ancl throwing u p breastworks, a detachment of troopsand several volnnteers mere sent from the t o m lilies to the spot,besides a bombardier, a gunner,and six native musketeersmitfi a six-po~uder ,tc. This fo~:ce aving reachecl the garden met at first withsollie resistance, but the enemy, after losing some men, dead andwounded, r h o mere seen carried a ~ a y , peeclily saved themselvesby flight to the jungle behind the gcrclen ; the eveaiug beginningto fd l , our troops marched back nncl reached tho lines about

G o'clock, not haviug lost a single man, as only one nativc soldierancl a volunteer were slightly wounded.BIARCE 4.-At claybreak a force marched out to the Lazarnsveld,

consisting of a corps of one hundred Malay soldiers under coi llu~a~clof their officers, with one extra vnurwerker, one bombardier, tmogunners, and tmelve native musketeers, with two six-pounders,besides about eighty volunteers under command of their Czptain-lieutenant Aclrian Eoek. They attacl

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thcre anci drove tlic enex:). bacli into their iatrcnchmcnts up tothc sidc: of tile rcn? to?li.t~.rdsScmabok, lx11i.c.h i~itzecchmcnts hey~ 3 t c i ~ ~ ~ r c l sttackcc!, but the enemy made eo bravc a resistants andonr troops mere so o:ha~~stedro111 t,hc gscat heat, thnb the latter,seeing oo chaace of taking the place, were obligecl tc retii-e. Ourloss m-as iuro men lii!lcd zncl thirteen ~ o un d e d , nt t!iat of the" cnemy it wn,s inlpossible to estimate, for they kept ;tlwzi,ys in thewood, a d behind their fortificatioua, bnt it wi~s bservcd that a tseveral points breeches Fere r~lade.

M A ~ C H4.-The oliter batteries in the Boengn R2j,ja > xcreatk~ckecl everal times 1mtnight by the enemy, end the Lieutenant,postcd t,l~ere, ichoins Christian Vct tt r, hewing from nztive scoutsthat they had thrown up some intrenchments on the road to Ptzng-t:danrama, he ~lxtrcheclo i ~ twith a corps of onc h:mclrecl men,~~t~tnckeclhe enemy in, their foi-tificatioos, put the111 to ixghb, mddost.royed theis works, ~ r i t ~ l ~ o u tuSfel.ing PPEY loss -nrhr;lcver on thisoccasioc, mhile that of the cn.cmy, as far as colzld be seen from tllose~il10wcre carrieclo.E to the jungle, must h n ~ e cen, morc or l.css,eighteen men ;one of t!lese who was taken by us, was i~niaediatelydecapitated m d his head was brought to town ancf stuclc on a,poleoutside the tovil lines.~~ IAGC I I9.-Nothing notei~orthyhnppe~ecl,csccpt thnt, likemostnigh'cs, first one, then another of the o ~ t l ~ o s t sas nttackeclby the enemy, Lnt they aye always rcpulscd vithout doing iLnyharm.MARCR 0.-In tEc af tcruoo~l , ~rcsselwas secu I-ownrds tl:esonth, vhich sccnlerl io 1c lni>l;iug for this por'u, ancl ns it nra,r;s ~ ~ p l ~ o s e dhzdt t mas the sloop of Hecr John Hcu;:y \Vicgcrn?an, ofBi ~tw ia , hic11 ha& left for Palembazig, the ~nnt jn l~ulgh~ih&~i?zevas sent to the ship to bring her u p to the roads ; but to our greatnstonisll~nent t mas noticecl t.h~the little ship, which dtei-mardswas seen to be a packet-boat, madc mnny mnnc2uy;res to escapefrom t,he pa.u.tjal.lnng which continne(1 to give chssc, but the dn;l-I

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I: .RAJA HAJI , 197!saw him making all sorts of lnanceuvres to escape, and the owneri .was a suspected smuggler, he forced him to come to the roads, andI hnd tdcen Scott himself on Board of the Hof te?. Linden."I MARCH2.-The armed shipHoop and the cutter Putrwt sailed inI the molning to Telok Katapan to fight the enemy.

I MARCH23.-The ships Hoop and Pat~iot,which were sentI ( yesterday to Telok Katapan, came back to-day ; he result of the. * expeditioil and what they did niay be seen from the extract ofI( . the journal kept by Naval Lieutenant Hartog.! . MARCH28.-Up to this date nothing noteworthy happened! . except that almost every night we mere disturbed by the enemy,and that a few volunteers outside now and then had a skirmishwith some of them.

MARCH 9.-At daybreak there ma~ched ut of the fort undercommand of Lieutenant Anthonij Stecher, Ensigns DuvergC and

i Lintner and ex-Ensign of the Burghers Kiliaan, a detachmentof fifty-seven European and two hundred and twenty Malay soldiers,besides the ordinary and extra vuurwerkers Diehl and Groenewout,1 ,. one bombardier, a konstabel, three kanonniers and thirty native andChinese lnuslreteers with two 6lb., and two 3 lls. guus, a howitzerand a small gun with their appurtenances. Having arrired in theI Bmldailhera they were divided into three columlls or divisions, ofI which one under Lieutenant Stecher was posted at Boekit Tampoc-f rong, the seconcl under sub-Lieuteunnt Lintner marched tovardsSemabok, and the third under comnland of Ensigns Duverg; ancl1 . Kiliaan to the zandhoelr ; both the first engeged in fight mith theenemy, while the third coming from the zandhoek right through thejungle fell on the enemy's battery on the rear,when the fight becamegeneral and desperate, so that the enemy were forced by Duvergi'scorps twice to retire from one of their batteries, but a swamp, whichlay between, prevented them from advancing to take the batterywhich was much shattered. The enemy profited by this to make somehasty repairs, took possession again, and defended it as obstinatelyas before, and this lasted until midday, when, on accountof the fierce heat m d fatigue, the troops were obliged toretire. The defences of the enemy mere greatly damaged, some

shells and grenades having exploded inside them, but their loss ofmen cannot be exactly estimated, but it must have been very great,* See illention of Scott i n Capt. Lennou's cliary (17951, Jov,~n.811..Br.R .A . S . , N o . 7 , p . 5 3 .

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I lAJA HAJI. 199appurtenances. Haviug got close to the enemy's batteiies they begallto fire, but the gronncl belng soft and iliuddy the 24-pouncler, after afew shots had been fired, sank so deep that it had to be unmountedand afterrnards taken back. A 1 2 1b. gun was sent instead, bnt forthe same reason-the softness of the ground-little use could bemade of it and it was again with the 6 and 3-pounders that theycontinued to fire on the enemy's batteries. T l ~ enemy macle a boldresistance, and the fight became general ancl severe, and severalboillbs were thrown into their fortifications, but though it wasseenthat some bnrst inside, it was impossible to drive the enemy out.

It mas as impracticable to pierce the defences with our guns, fromthe thickness smd strength of the mdls, as to make use of thehindering quagmire to storm it, without recklessly sacrificing thegreater number of the men, and as a11 were very exhausted by thecruel heat, it was considered advisable a t 2 o'clock to march back.As the enemy did not come out of the defences their losses in thisaction could not be ascertained, but on our side two men werekilled on the spot, and thirteen mounded, three mortally.I n the meantime the cutters Patriot and Ondmnemer with thepantjalang Rustenberg sailed to Telok Katapan to harass the enemyfrom that side.APRIL 16-19.-Every night we were disturbed by the enemy,once outside Tranquira and the road to Gerestein, once in BoengaRaje and the battery at the foot of Boekit Tjina, ancl in the Band-ailhera, but they were always driven back without the loss of asingle man. Also there were daily skirmislies between our nlenand the enemy.APRIL 21.-This morning a company of our men under commanclof a captain, an ensign, and three subordinate officers, with fiftyMalay soldiers, marched from Boeng~tRaja to Pringgi where theycame into coniict with a colnpany of the enemy, put them to flight,and got possession of one of their killed, whose head they cut offand stuck on a pole a t Pangkalanrama.APRIL 22.-The bark Ge~tert?.z~ichusanna and the hookerHandelm. sailed to Tandjong Kling to loolr for some Selangoervessels which were reported to be at anchor on the north side of thepoint.APRIL24.-A patrol of forty Malays left the batteries in theBandailhera, and went towarcls Oecljong Pasir, where they foughtwith a bancl of the enemy. On our side one man was killed ancl onewounclecl.

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APRIL 25.-Under commancl of Lieut. Henry van Nijvenheim adetachment consisting of 3 officers,4 sergeants, G corporals, 1 drum-mer, 170 Malay soldiers, 1 ex-Mday soldier, 3 kanonniers, and 18native and Chinese musketeers, with two 3-pounder guns complete,was sent to Oedjong Pasir in orcler to attack and if possible takepossession of the strong fortififiations which the enemy hacl madethere, but they met wit11 so bolcl and determined a resistance thatin the afternoon a, Council of War ordered retreat to be sounded.On our side five men mere killed and six wounded, and though theloss of the enemy could not be ascertained it was believed from thecircumstances to have been considerable.

APRIL26, 27, 28.-Every night the enenly attacked our outerbatteries in the Bandailhera, bu t each time mere forced by our firingto retreat.MAY2.-In the evening at past 9 o'cloclc the enemy attackedsinlultaneously our batteries in the BoenP Raja and the Bandail-hera, besides the one mder Boekii; Tjina. On account of this analarm was sounded in the town and every one was under arms.The cannonade and musketry lastecl at intervals until half-pasteleven when the enemy retired and everything became quiet,except tha t now and then the whole night through there wereoccasional shots. These mere fired a t small parties of the eneniy,who were seen now on one side, then on another, creeping alongthe ground and coming close under our fortification, evidentlywith the intention of setting it on fire and creating a, confusion,when a fresh attack might; be made from outside.MAY5.-A saillpall arrived from Siak, manned by five persons,and having on board Abdul Baheer, Envoy of the olcl King of Sial~,Radja Mohamad Ali. He brought a letter from this Prince to theHon'ble Heer Pieter Gerarclns de Bruijn, Governor mcl Directorof this town and fortress. Also arrived vib Siak from Trenganothe Malay, Abdul BIoehit, who had been sent there on commissionin 1783, bringing a letter frcm the King of Trengano to theGovernor.NAY .-The Ambassador froin Radja Mohamacl Ali, who

arrived yesterday, was sent back mith a letter from the Governorto the Prince.The c~ ~t t e rncles-nenze~nd the bark Ge~.trz~iclausanna sailecl toTelok Katapan, and with the Patriot, which was there already,bombardecl the enemy's vessels lying in the bay.

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MAY7.-The ships continued a cannonade a t intervals a t TelokKatapan until sun do m.NAY .-Under command of Lieuts. DuvergB and Kiliaan therewere sent to Oedjong Pasir a sergeant, a corporal, a, drummer andtwelve European soldiers, together with two officers, ten suborclinateofficers, and seventy-eight ni~t ive olclieis, a gunner, k,anonnier ancl

twelve musketeers, ancl the necessary coolies with one sir-po~mclergun and one three-po~mder. Their object was to ahrm th e enemyand keep them occupied, so as to prevent them from attacking ourmen who mere cutting the jungle round and making a new stockadenearer to the enemy than those already existing.This was done with SO much success that the labourers finishedtheir work without being disturbed, and the following night a pai-tywas stationed in the new stockade. Resides this the enemy's workswere much damaged and several breaches made in them, but on ourside only two musketeers were wounded. I n th e night between

eleven and tmelve o'clock the enemy attaclred the newly erected anclstill unfinished stockade at Oedjong Pasir, but met with so deter-mined a resistance from our men posted inside t hat they had toretire.MAY9.-At 3 A.X. they renewed the attack, but could not succeedin taking it, ancl for the second time mere obliged to return to theirown fortifications, where a party hscl been working the whole nightto repair yesterday's damage.MAY 11.-The man-of-war Hof ter Linden left for TelolrKatapan in order, with the ships already there, to blockade the

place and to prevent the escape of Radja Hadji's ships as wellas to keep out hostile reinforcements.MAY 14.-The old King of Siak, Rnclja Mohamacl Ali, arrivedwith a pandjadjap and two kalcaps manned with a crew of 78 menfrom the Straits of Moe,rong, and in the afternoon the Fiscal, E.Franyois Thierens, the Licent Meester, Mr. E. Hoijnck vanPapendrecht, ancl the first sworn clerk of the Police, Baumgarten,went on board his ship to welcome him. They accolnpanied himto land and as far as the Government House, and after hisHighness had remained with the Honourable the Governor for

about half-an-hour he was conducted t o the house of the widowVe~brugge,which had been prepared for him, o~~ ts id ehe Tran-qudra gate. On landing, a salute of nine guns was fired from thecastle malls; ancl from the great gate up to the steps of Government

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House, where the Governor himself receivecl him, the roadwas lined by a double rom of soldiers who presented arms ashe passed.MAY 16.-In the evening, at about 9.30 o'clock, the eneniy firstattacked St. John's Hill and the outer batteries in the Bandailhera,and soon after the stockade a t th e foot of Boekit Tjina ancl our

foirtification on this hill, stretching tomards Boenga Raja anclPangk~~laurama;he fierceness of their attack 111ade every onebelieve that they meant to venture on a general storm, for in spiteof the shot and grape poured on them from our side theystill held their ground and kept up a continual fire with theirblunde-rbusses and rantakas till about eleven o'clock, when theyagain withdrew. In the quarter held by the Selangoerese ancltheir party an attack was made on our batteries outside theTranquira, gate but with no better success; for our men there alsolnade a good resistance, and after firing on either side had lastecltill about twelve o'clock, the enemy had to retreat to theirdefences.

MAY 18.-At tell o'clock at night, the enemy again attackedSt . John's Hill, and the outer batteries in the Bandailhera, besidesthose at Boekit Tjma, and as i t was noticed from the hill that astrong force was marching towarcls Boenga Raja, the alarm wassomdeil in the town, and everyone mas under arms till abonttwelve o'clock, but nothing more was hearcl of the enemy.MAY 23.-At nine o'clock a t night the enemy renewed thcfrequent but unsuccessful attack on our batteries in the

Bandailhera and at the foot of Boelrit Tjina, and firing on bothsidcs 12,stecl till abont ten o'clock, when they suddenly and hastilywithdrew, and from the lamentation which was heard from St.John's Hlll it was supposed th at they had suffered some extra-ordinary loss.MAY 29.-In the morning a t sunrise six ships and six snzallervessels were obsei~ed rom St. Paul's Hill, one of mhich was farahead. This vessel came to anchor in the roacls at eight o'clock,and abont nine the Comlllanding Liet~tenantancled and reported tothe Hon'ble Heer Pieter Gerardus de Bruijn, Governor ancl Director

of this town and fortress, that the name of his vessel was thecutter Bntavier, that it belonged to the fleet now in sight,which was under comniand of the Hon'ble Heer Jacob Pieter vanBraaw, Aclmird-in-Chief of the East India squadron, which, con-sisted of the warships Utrecht, Goes, Wa ssenanr, &o nilikend c~~ n,ncl

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204 RAJA HAJI.European' officers, 'two Malay captains, seven upper a,nd twenty-four under officers and two hundred ancl thirty-three soldiers.

JUKE 11.-The hooker Handelam and the galmet Concwclia wereplaced a t the mouth of th e river Doejong to prevent the enemy'svessels from getting out.JUNE2-15.-The fleet lying before Teloli I(s,tapzn occasionally

fired at the enemy's vessels anchored uear the shore and at thefortifications, and on their side small parties attacked our outerintrenchments almost every night; bu t nothing else noteworthyocc~~recl .JUNE 6.-There mere sent to Boekit Tampoerong, under com-mand of Lieuts. Claas ancl Xiliaan, two noa-coinmissionecl officers,a drummer, and twelve European soldiers; also a captain, twoupper ancl two uncler o-fficers, ancl two hundred and eleven Malaysoldiers together mith an extra vuurwerker, two bombardiers, al-monnier, andsixteenmusketeers, mith two six-pounder cannons andone 4-inch howitzer. This detachment having taken up a positioll

ou the hill continued firing at short intervals on the enemy's forti-fications on the side of the Semabok roacl, ancl now and thentl~rew shell of which a few exploded inside, But others did not,a ~ p a ~ e n t l yecause they were estinguishecl in the muddy ground,or in consecluence of the heavy rain which fell for some time.Afterwards there came in sight of tlle fortress the man-of-warPs.incess Lozcisn, co~nmancledby the Hoa'ble Capt. Fredel-ikRuclolph Carel, Count of Rechteren, ancl also t h e bark Arend,but, being signalled by the flag-ship Utreckt, they steerecl forTelok Batapan Bay to join the fleet there.JUNE7.-In the morning the same force which liep', BoekitTarnpoerong a1,larmecl yesterday angin 111archecl out there with anextra, vuurwerker, three bo~nbsrcliers,.hree kanonniers, ancl sixteenmusketeers, with two six-pounder cannons and one three-pounder,and a 7-inch mortar, They fil-ecl thence an occasional shellinside the enemy's stockade, mit,h such effect that many of theirposts mere seen to fall and Eionie caught fire from the burstingof a bomb. This iiring ancl bombardment coiltinued till about

G o'clock, when our ~nei l etired.The ships at Telok Katapan also fired occasionally nl the enemy's

ships and batteries there.JUNE 18.-The troops which hacl beell out on the lGth ancl 17th

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RAJA HAJI.

returned again to Boekit Tampoerong, with a 12-pounder and two 3-pounder guns, and a 4-inch howitzer, and kept the enemy disturbedby a continual cannonading and bombardment, while a t daybreakthe fleet before Telok Eatapan fired heavily with their big guns onthe enemy's fleet and batteries. At about 8 o'clock it wns seenfrom St. Paul's Hill tha t the ships with the landing party movedinto Telok Katapan Bay, and soon after the heavy firing from theships ceased. Then for more than half an hour was heard con-' ( tinual volleys of musketry, an unbroken running fire, and a lit tleafter 9 o'clock one could see over the point, on this side of TelokKatapan or Tandjong Pallas, a thick smoke rising, which lasted offand on the whole day. Neanwhile, about 10 a .m . , the flag-shipsignalled that the landing had been successful, and was answeredby a countersignal from this fortress.The troops which moved o~ztrom here in the morning towardsmidday became aware that the enemy were leaving their stockadeto the east of this fortress in the greatest haste and confusion.They did not, however, at once take possession of it, but followedthe fugitives almost to Telok Katapan, without loss eilher in killedor wounded. Two out of the three officers who were with them-viz., Lieuts. Ziegelitz and Kiliaan-each obtained one of the enemy'scolours. There were also taken twenty-four ships, large and small,and the following guns :-

1 iron cannon of 6 13 ,, ,, ,, 4 ,3 ,, ,, ,, 3 ,,1 ,, ,, ,, 1 ,,1 ,, smivel gun O ,1 brass cannon 2 ,,4 brass swivel guns OQ ,,

4 dubbel-haken24 pieces round shot of 30 lb.19 ,, 9 ,, ,, 24 ,,163 ,, ,, , , ,, 12 , ,73 ,, ,, ,, ,, 6 PI

104 ,, ,, ,, ,, 3 ,,105 ,, ) I ,, ., 2 ,,29 railtakas of all kinds 79 ,, ,, ,) I ) 1 , )1 iron rantaka 1 55 ,, I t 9 , I ) O+ I )181 pieces round shot of all sorts, tin and iron, with twobarrels and one tub of native gunpowder.

.. Thus, through the merciful direction of God, we were entirelyfreed on this side of the townand fortress from the enemy who hadplanned our downfall. Towards evening a report spread that RadjaHadji was killed, and tha t this was the reason of the hasty flightfrom Semabok, Doejong and elsewhere.JUNE 9.-In the morning a t 4 o'clock, by order of the Hon'bleHeer Pieter Gerardus cle Bruijn, Governor and Director of this

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t o m and fortress, the Fiscal, E. Franyois Thierens, S~~12andarHoijnck van Papeldrecht, and Secretary Bauumgart3n went to TeIokKatapan in order to congratnlate the Hon'ble Beer Jacob Pietervan Braam, Admiral of the East Indiil Squadron, on his victoryof yesterday, and at sunrise a salute of 21 gnus was fired frointhe castle walls in hocour of the joyful event.A detachment of one European officer and two non-com;nissionecl

officers, a drummer, a,nd twenty-six soldiers, with two Malay uppermcl two under officers and forty-nine soldiers, were sent out toprotect the coolies who were elliployecl to bring in spoil, and t odestroy the enemy's f~r t~ificationso the east of this fortress and onthe road to Telok Katapan. Another detachnzent, under comuanclof Lieut. Nicholaas Christian Vetter, marched from Boenga Rajato Pringgi, to tu rn the enemy out from thero, but they found theworks already abandoned; so, after knocking them d o n ncl settingfire to them, they returned.Some of the Malacca soldiers who followed the enemy to Telok

K a t ~ ~ p a nesteraay, reported on th ei rr et ~u n,o-day, that they hadfonncl on the b3;ttlefield a wounded Engis, and on asking him whereRadja, Hadji had gone, he told them that not only hacl he heardthat Radja Hadji mas killed, but also, imn~ediately fter the attackon the biggest stockacle, he hacl seen a body carried away by twoInen in a lrincl of hang mat, and s~~pposedt to be t h i ~ t f EadjaHndji, because it mas followed by some well-dressed womcn.At night about 11o'clock the Selangoerese attacliecl our forti-fications on the TranquCra road ancl those near Gerestein, but thcymere speedily forced by our guns to retire.JUNE 20.-A force was sent to Bedjong Pasir and to TelokKatapm, for the same gnilJose and in the same way as on the 19th.JUNE 21.-This detachment, returning t,o-d&y, brought backwith them a Bugis of the name of Akier, whom they had found inthe jxwgle. This men, on being cluestioned, said that he had beenin Radja Hadji 's stockade when it was s torxed by the Europeans,ancl tha t Radja Hndji was killecl by a shot through the breast ;that his body was afterwarcls carried. amay in a ha,ng illut ou apole by the Panghocloe of Padang and a slave, and follomed bysome wornen ; that he hat1 joinccl the pnrty ancl seen that they laidthe body in a, sn~all hicket ~ h i c h e coulcl show theill, and

aftervards had fled, surely for fear of being overtaken by theEuropeans, who meallwhile had taken possessiou_of ~vei.ything.

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i The ship Hoop, the hooker Hn.l~del.i~cw,nd the galmet Co~zco~c2inleft for Tandjong Kling wherc thc Ge?~~~~~idn&'z6?a~znnhadeen lyingi so long to yrevent the escape of the Selangoer vessels from Eatang! Tigs Bay.JUNE 22.-The Sugis Bkier, who rras fo~mcl n the jungle nndbrought up here pesterclsy, with the Malay, Intjeh Mangsoer, anda few men to prote-t them, were sent to Telok Katapan, t5e( former to point out the Body of Raclja Sadji , and the lattsr, whoknew the Prince well, to identify it.h t j e h Mangsoer, onreturning in the afternoon,dec!arecl that whenhe came to Telok Katapan with the prisoner Akier, the latter hads h ~ w n im between that pla-e and Tandjong Pallaa an unburieddead body,which he recognised umnia!.al

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where i t was buried a t the foot of St . Paul's Hill, behind theartillery store. The Achinese chief, Posaijan, assure8 the Governorth at he recogllisecl the body as that of Radja Hadji whom he hadk n o m during his long residence in Riouw.JUNE5.-1n the lllorning at 2 o'clocli: mewere &wakenedby a louclreport,, and afterwards learnt with great sorrow t hat the Company'sarmed ship Dolphijn, which mas lying in th e roads, had blown up

with all her crew on board, and only one body was found-viz., thatof the piper Rijk Adelaar. A Chinaman and four Javanese escaped,but they could give no account of how the disaster happened forthey were asleep, and were awakened by the shock. So of this dread-ful occurrence nothing farther is kliorrm than mhat is told in thejournal of the nearest sh ip th e Hinloopen,which puts the list of killeda t a total of two hundred ancl three persons.JULY3.-There sailed for Selangoer the ships Utrecht, Goes, thePrincess Louisa and TVasse.~~acrr,esides the barks Consia,ntia andGert~uidaSz~saz?za,he pantjalangs Rustenberg and Geclz~lcl, hegalwet Concorclia, the sloop Volle Maan, " and the lighters Hans

and Vos,j- with some arnled native boats belonging to th e oldKing of Siali, Raclja Moha111acl Ali.There also departed for Selangoer, distributed among these ships,one lieutenant, one ensign, one corporal, one drummer and twelveEuropean soldiers, together with two hundred and forty Malaysoldiers under conlnland of their officers, thirty-one in all.JULY2.-There mere sent besides to Rioam, th e men-of-war theHof ter Linden and Dinqnant, with a further reinforcement of tmoensigns,four non-commissionecl officers, and eighteen Malay soldiers.AUG.1.$-Arrived from Selangoer th e Company's pautjalangGeduld +th a letter froin th e Hon'ble Admiral van Braam to theHon'ble Heer Pieter Gerardus de Bruijn, Governor ancl Director ofthis t o w n andfortress,commmicating henews of t,hedefeat of RadjaBrahima, King of Selan^goer,ancl his followers, and of the conquestof th at kingdom on th e 2nd ins tant by the victorious arms of theCompany's fleet under the sltilfnl ancl prndent direction of th esnld Heer van Braam; which joyful event was made known tothe con~m~ulityy a salute of 2 1 guns from the castle malls.AUG.21.-A communication was received from Selangoer by thebark Constantin, from the newly proclaimecl king of that country,* Fd1 Moon. f Hare snd Fox.This d n t e is e v i d en t l y m o n g , as the victo ry of t h e 2nd is c~nnouncecl.

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Radja Noharnacl Ali, besides one fro111 the co~nmanclanthere, Lieut.Gerardus Smits, dated 9th and 13th instant, and addressecl tothe Hon'ble Heer Pietcr Gerardus de Bruijn, Governor, etc.AUG. 0.-The men-of-war Utrecht and Wassenaar arrived fromSelangoer bringing a letter from the old Prince of Sial;, RacljaMoharnad ASi, now prochimed King of Selangoer.SEPT. .-Haclji Mahmat, Ellvoy of Radja Ali, calling himselfRegent of Djohor a.nd Pahang, arrived from Riouw in a, kalcal),armed with two small cannon, with a crew of fifteen men, bringinga letter from th at Prince to the Governor and Co~uncil, atedAugust 19 th .SEPT.4.-The Com1)any's pantjalangs Bliton and Bankn weredespatchecl to Rionw, with a let,ter froill the Governor and Councilto Captains Christian Frederil; Winterhein1 and Jacob Frederiks,commanding the men-of-war Hof ter Lind en and Dianzant, thereat anchor, dated this cli~y.SEPT.15.-The Compmy's barlr Constaniia and pantjalang GedzbZdleft for Riou~vwith a commuxication from the Governor andCouucil t o Captain Jacob Frederiks, commanding the Company'smen-of-war &ndsmsller ships il: the roads there.SEPT. 19.-The Concordia., P,&triot, Bc~tclvierailcl O,~zcle~nenzev.with the Nnns , returned from Selangoer, and in the first-namedvessel arrived the King of Selangoer,formerly Prince of Siak, RadjaMohamacl Ali, wllo mas esccrted to land by two lieutena~its fthe Ut~ech t .OCT.7.-The Batavier, Patriot, Co?zcordia., with the lighters

Hcias and Vos, mere sent to Riouw, the first named bearing a letterfrom the Governor and Council to Captain Jacob Frederiks,comnlanding the Company's ships in the roacls of Rionw.OCT.10.-The men-of-war Utrecht, Goes, the was senna^, PrincessLouisa, 31onnikenclil7n and Juno, with the Z+nZoopen, Soft for Riouwunder com~nand f Admiral van Braam, and were saluted with 15guns from the castle walls, and a re turn salute of the same numberwas fired fro111 the Ut~ech t .O m . 17.-The Company's pantjalang Banka arrived from Rioumbringing n letter from Captain Jacob Frederiks dated 6th inst.,

with the annexed papers according to the accompanying Eegister,ancl one from Lieut. Johanues cle Frein, commancling the Hof erLinden, dated 5t.h iust., both addressed to the Governor and

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Thc invnsioll of a11 European settlement by a Malay force 2ndan atf:ack upon a foilifiecl town, in which there were some, if onlyn few, discil~lifiecl roops, seen1 to us,,fortunately, at this period, tobe events which are beyond the bounds of possibility. I t is note-worthy, however, that the invaders founcl supporters anlong thcBTalacca Malays. The villagers of Duyong (see verse eightcen ofi the ballad and thc ertry nnder February 15th in the Dutch! i record) joi~eclRaja Haji, and a firsf success on the part of aMnhnmmadn~~nemy might at any tirue influence the loyslliy of a,lfalay peasantry.The arrest of De Wind lnentioned by Begbie is not alluded toin the Dutch officia.1 dialy, and whereas fro111 Eegbie's account onewould guther tllat Captain Abo's ship vas blown up before therelief of the t o m by the anivcl of Admiral va.n Eraal~i 's fleet,i t is clear from the diary that the loss of the I)olg~hij'n did notoccur until Itaja Haji hacl been defeatecl, killed and buried, andnot until nearly a month after the arrival of the fleet fi-om Riouw.

i ;Ip.opos of thc arrival of Raja Mohan:ed Ali, of Sink, the Malayauthor says L a l ~ y z b andei mem-Fuat t i p , " The Xalay is skilledin fraud," mcl it is clear that the Dutch fclt very uncertain of thevalue of his professions of friendship and supposed that he would,if admitted within the fort, intrigne with the enemy outside.He vas therefore lodged in the Tra~q11.h-a suburb, with "thewiclow Ver'urugge7'-the widow, perhaps, of Mr. Ary Verbi-ugge,whose name a.ppears as a11 envoy to Per& in the native chroniclcsof that State (see Jouvncit Str. BY. R.A.S., Nofe.s ant1 Q~cevies,1).31). Begbicl! says, "Tuankoo Bfahomecl Alli came ovcr fro111Sialc during these commotions osteusibly to assist tlie Dutch, bywhoill Ilc mas kinclly received and allottccl a residence in Tran-queirah, it uoCu being cleemecl prudent to admit him within thewdls of the fort."Raja Moha~nedAli's reteation of the posit.icn given to him bythe Dutch (see entry in the official recorcl 1ul6er 21st Aug~ist),as King of Selmgor was a very brief one. Kaja Ibrahinl re-toolthis for t and kingdom. in 1755 ancl the Siak adventurer returnccl toSumatl-a ancl is not recognised by the 81alays as ever having reallybeen Raja of Selangor.The Nalay ballad concludes with a reference to the arrival ofthe widom of Raja Ea,ji from Rionm to beg for the corpse of herhusband. This was nppsrently refused nncl a guard placed over

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RAJA HrlJI.the grave to prevent t,he abstraction of thc body. Begnrding thisthe Dutch record is silent. It was not until a fem years ago, whenthe new High School mas being built, tha t the bones of t h edeceased warrior were disinterred and taken to Rionw where theynow lie. Wit h their removal the Malacca &lalays lost a lace ofpious visitation and payment of vows ( b n y a ~ i a t ) .

This paper wonld not be complete without a translation of theMalay prose account of Raja Xaji 's war with the Dutch, which isto be found in a MS. chronicle of the I\falapo-Bugis Rajas of theStraits of Malacca, mit ten by Raja Ali, of Rioum, in A. H. 1288,aucl called by the author " Tubfat-el-nafis." I t is alvays interest-ing to note the point of view from ~ h i c hhe native historianregards events. The version mhich the Ma!?"js possess as historyis s s follows :-

" Sultan i!ifahmud was reigning in Riau I) aucl Raja Ha ji had notlong been Ywig-Li-per-Turn Muda when ihe Yang-di-per-Tuauof Selangor, Sultan Sdeh-ed-din fell ill and soon afterwards died. "" Infornlatioll of this event was duly forwardec! by his c.hiefs toRian and Raja Haji appointed his successor. Ita ja Ibrahim, sonof the cleceased Sultan, becaluc Pang-di-per-Tnnn Besu and RajaNala was made Yang-di-per-Tuajz Nuda."'' Raja Haj i had govelved Riau and its depenclencies as Yang-cli-per-Tuau Mucla for abont eight years when thcrc befell anordinauce of God, who is all-powerful and who causes His will tooperate npou 811 His servmLLs a c c ~ ~ d i n go His plans xnd makesthem know how despicable is this transitory life n-it11 its 13assiug~leasnres,so that they may not lovc t.his morld but set theiraffections on a heyeafter which shall be enduring and the p!easnresand kingclom of mhich shall be exceeding great, as God says inthe Koran : ' When ye shall see it-that is, the life hereafter-yeshall see delights ancl a kingdom that are exceecling great. ' Inseveral succeeding verses are described the iusignificance of thiswodd and the pleasures of the life to come."

* Rniaz~ is the tr,znsliteration of 9-!l he town which theDutchcall " Rionw" a d he English " Rhio." This is probably connected inderivation vith 9 2 . ~i y u hor Tim~h, oise, noisy, 1011cl sounds (of joy ordistress), but in Von De Wall's Malay Dictionary the n-ords are given asqnite distinct 9 . ~i j c ~ z c ,naanz dcr. bolccrzc~r? hoo f i ~> lnn l s ,ncl d 4 . j ~ i j auh ,Zrs id .>~~cht ig ;ooelig.

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RAJA HAJI.i "The beginning of the events which led to Rian being embroiledin war, and eventually being captured, is ascribed to two differentcauses. The first account, which I have obtainecl from the localhistories of Siak and Selangor, corroborated by the statements ofold men who were alive a t the time of the events about to bedescribed and took part in them, is as follows :-Raja Haji, theYang-di-per-Tuan Muda of Riau, made a convention withthe Dutch East India Company by which i t was agreed tha t

( the enemies of the Coinpany should be the enemies of Raja Hajii -. also, and that all prizes and booty should be divided equallybetween the allies, if Raja Haj i took part in the opemtions. Sub-sequently there came to Riau a vessel, belonging to enemies of theDutch, and she anchored at Pulau Bayan. Thereupon Raja Ha jicaused information to be given to the Governor of Malacca, and! . there came a Dutch ship from Malacca which attacked the oneanchored a t Pulau Bayan and the latter was captnred and takenaway to Malacca with all her cargo. There she was adjudged to bea prize according to the custom of war. Nevertheless, Ra ja HajiI did not get any share. He started for Malacca to enquire as toi this and got as far as Mnar, where he was met by a Dutch officialsent by the Governor of Malacm to discuss the matter with him.

i The name of th is gentleman, as given in th e chronicle of Selangor,was Seiior Bram, but some people say tha t his real name wasI Abraham Vergil." The Capitan Malayu of Malacca accompanied him.I Raja Haji represented to the two agents of the Governor of W1~alaccathat the prize had been taken in conseq~~encef iuforlxntion givenby him, and further that she had been taken in the harbour of Riau,in his territoiy, and demnnded his share. The agents of thei : Governor of BIalacca refused to entertain his complaint ancl henyea,rose misunderstandings and dissatisfactioa vhich culminatecl inI war. This is one account of the origin of the war, as set out in

i the chronicle of Selangor and as given by old men who have relatedwhat they hew.""But there is another account which I have fo ~m dn the chroniclesof Lingga and Riau, compiled by Ungku Busn, the father of UngkuAwak of Dungun. According to this, Raja Kechil, Tfin Dalam, thePang-di-per-Tuan of Trenggbnu, took counsel with Captain Xlisi .t-* T~I-gils evideirtly an attempt a t Veietgc, the name of a well-knomnMalacca: family. But the emissary mm not callecl Abraham Velge, but

Abraham de Wind. See Begbie's narrative above.1 + Captain Glass, an Euglishman, is mentionecl in connection with! TrenggCnn by Begbie, The Mnlnvn?t Pminstcla, p. 88.

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RAJA HAJI.'' The beginning of the events which led to Riau being embroiledin war, and eventually being captured, is ascribed to two differentcauses. The first account, which I have obtainecl from the localhistories of Siak and Selangor, corroborated by the statements ofold men who were alive at the time of the events about to bedescribed and took part in them, is as follows :-Raja Haji, theYang-di-per-Tuan Muda of Riau, made a convention withthe Dutch East India Company by mhich it was agreed that

the enemies of the Coillpany should be the enemies of Raja Hajialso, and that all prizes and booty should be divided equallybetween the allies, if Raja Haji took part in the oper~tions. Sub-sequently there came to Riau a vessel, belonging to enenlies of theDutch, and she anchored at Pulau Bayan. Thereupon Raja Hajicaused inforlnation to be given to the Governor of Nalacca, andthere came a Dutch ship from Malacca which attacked the oneanchored at Pulau Bayan and the latter was captnred and takenaway to Malacca with all her cargo. There she was adjudged to bea prize according to the custonl of war. Nevertheless, Raja Haj idid not get any share. He started for RIalacca to enquire as tothis and got as far as DIuar, where he was met by a Dutch officialsent by the Governor of Malacca to discuss the matter with him.The name of this gentleman, as given in the chrollicle of Selangor,was SeEor Bram, but some people say that his real nanie wasAbraham Vergil." The Capitan MaIayu of Malacm accompanied him.Raja Haji represented to the tmo agents of the Governor of Malaccathat the prize had been taken in consequence of information givenby him, and further that she had been taken in the harbour of Riau,in his territory: and demanded his share. The agents of theGovernor of Malacca refused to entertain his complaint ancl helyearose misunderstandings and dissatisfaction which cul~ninated nwar. This is one account of the origin of the war, as set out inthe chronicle of Selangor and as given by old men who have relatedwhat they knew."

"But there is another account which I have found in the chroniclesof Lingga and Eiau, compiled by Ungku Busu, the father of UngkuAwak of Dungun. According to this, Raja Kechil, Tiul Dalarn, thePang-di-per-Tuan of TrenggAnn, took counsel with Captain K Ik i t* V e ~ g i l s evidently an attempt at Velga, the name of a well-knownMdacce family. But the emissary w,as not callecl Abraham Velge, but

Abraham de Wiud. See Begbie's narrat ive above.-+ Captnin Glass, an Englishman, is luentionecl in connection wi thTrenggCna by Begbie, The Mnlnvnlt Pminszcln, p. 88.

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214 RAJA HAJI.how to bring about the destruction of Riau. Now the Yaug-cli-per-Tuan of Trenggiiu had a Chinese girl whom he had just caused tobecome a Muhammadan, giving her the name of Si Jamilah. CaptainJKlasi asked for her and Raja Kechil, TAn Dalam, gave her to him,asking him in return to do something to bring about a fight at KwalaRiau, so as to set the people of Riau against the Dutch Company.Cilptain Klasi cohabited with Jamilah who became enceinte, andwhen he left for Riau to provoke the promised disturbance withthe French* a t Kmala Riau he left Jamilah under the charge of hisbrother, Captain Gadis, and directed him to convey her to China.While Captain Klasi was away at Riau Captain Gadis sailed forChina, but by the decree of God most high, when he was off TanjongLalabi on the coast of Trengg6nu a tremendous gde came on and hisship was wrecked and all the Hollanders on board were drowned,not one being savecl, and Si Jamilah perished with the rest. Besidesthis ship,about one hundred and ten prahus were lost in this storm,ilicluding a number of prahus from Sambas of various sizes andthe boat (sulub, Dutch sloep) of the Pang-di-per-Tuan, Raja Kechil,Tfin Dalam, himself. This, i t is said, is the story of the secretcause of the troubles."

"To return to our history, when the Governor of Malacca refusedto entertain the claims of Raja Haji the latter sent back his con-vention with the Dutch Company, saying that one side observecl i tand the other side did not, and having done this he returned toRiau. The Governor of Malacca was angry at the retnrn of thedocunlents and he took counsel with the Admiral (Raja Laut),named Pieter Jacob van Braam. Another version, however, givesthe name of the Dutch Naval Comnluider as Tuan Abo. Duringthe consultations, cal~mnies and injurious reports of all kindsmere carried to the Governor of DZalacca and t o the Admiral tothe effect that the Yang-di-per-Tuan Muda of Riau, Raja Haji,was about to attack Malacca and had fitted out ail expedition for thispurpose. Then said the Governor of Malacca to Admiral vanBraarn, ' Raja Haji is going to attack Malacca-let us go and a t t dhim first.' So a Dutch experlition set forth with ever so many ships

* It was a French ship th at took the English merchantman, according toBegbie. The story of the connivance of the master of the la tt er is, ofcourse, absurd. The sm,wl e Beddes mould correspond with what is m i t tenin Malay Gadis. The Malay .anther wo~~lclot nnderstaud that Gedclescodd not be the brother of Glass. If the ship that went clown off Trenggiinuw m n English vessel, ns seems probable, the author makes a mistake indescribing her crew as "Hollanders."

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I ~ A JAHAJI. 215of war and armed ketches ( k i c7~ i ~nng) o invade Riau and bloclc-acle the port, hindering the entry of trading-boats. Raja Haji wasfurious at this, and he issued for th with a number of boats andthere was a great fight. Lagunz! Zagaqn! terrific was the noise ofthe cannon, just like a thunderbolt cleaving the mo~lntains, ndthe smolce from the muskets obscured Emala Riau Like a mist, andloud were the shouts of the combatants, and the war-cries of theBngis (kilong mzuong)."

" This went on till the evening when both sides ceased fighting,and at nightfall the ships stood out to sea and half of thepenjajaps re-entered the Riau liver. Next clay the fight masresumed with a treulendous cannonade from g ~ m s nd lelas ancl~antnkms n both sides and a t night they again stopped. This wenton daily for ever so many mo11ths without either side giving in andrice and all kinds of provisions were dear, for trading-boats cozllclonly enter with difficullty, being intercepted by the ships of war,sometimes they got through and sometimes they did not.""Raja Haji caused stockades to be erected at Tanjong Pinang andTelok Kreting and Pulau Peningat 'and manned each with asufficient force of defenders. The stockade nt Peningat was mannedby Siantan men and the large penjajnps which carried cannon mereranged along the coast; of these there mere about one hundred andfifty large and small down as far as Tanjong Uban, and so~lzemerestationed behind Riau to help to bring in the trading craft fromSiltnl and Cochin China ancl other places bringing rice and otherprovisions."" So the fighting went on day after day in the harbour of Riau.Rnja Haji himself directed the operations in person and he useclto paddle about in a long canoe (sarnpcbn &idol. yang pnnjang)."" He used to paddle about from onepenjajnp to another enquiring

i f the equipment mas deficient in any way, and he used to do this inthe thick of t,he fighting when bullets were flying from both direc-tions. The following story I have from an olcl lnan of Bugisextraction named Inche Snmpo' who mas a youth just oldenough to wear a k ~ i s t the time of these events:-He rememberedbeing with a number of other yontths of good family, of about thesame age as himself, in a boat in which they were conveying RajaHaji during a fight. They were paddling across from one penjnjnpto another when a shot was fired from a war-ship painted black andthe ball strnck the water, close to the boat ancl ricocheted to onesicle. The splash wetted the cloth which the Pang-cli-pels-Tuan

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RAJA HAJI.Muda, was wearing, but he clid not take any notice and lnerely toldthe boys to l~adclle n, and if any of then? ducked their heads whenbullets flew by he strnck them with a rattan whip which he carried."

" One clay a long ketch belonging to the Dntch approached theshore at P U ~ ~ L Ilus and was becalmed there. Six or seven penja-japs inlnlediately canle out ancl attacked her, and then there waslayurn! lqnnz! a treinendous cannonade-and that ketch verynearly had to yield, ancl we very nearly got her. The Commanderof the party who attacked her was a Panglima, named Inche Kubu,who had a ghzwnb fifteen fathoms long. During the fight the poop( 6 a ~ n n d n )of the Dutch vessel caught fire and a number ofher crew had got into their boats and were ready to pull outto sea, but a, strong wind got up and several vessels wereable to sail up to her assistance, so the penjnjaps had to sheeroff ancl the ketch got away. Then night came on and fightingceased, only to beg111 again next clay, and so i t went on dayafter day; if thwe was plenty of wind the ships stood in, and if itwas calm the penjnjaps went ont and gave battle and at night allfighting stopped. The vessels of both sides were so close some-times that conversation took place between those on boarcl; foramong the crews of the D ~

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